federal trade commission decisions federal trade commission decisions complaint 59 f. ... palmolive...

1452 FEDERAL TRADE COMMISSION DECISIONS

Complaint 59 F.

fur which has been shipped and received in COlmne.rce as "commercefur" and "fur product" are defined in the Fur Products Labeling-

Act do forthwith cease and desist from:1. Falsely or deceptively invoicing fur products by A. Failing to furnish invoices to purchase.rs of fur products show-

ing in words and figures plainly legible all the information requiredto be disclosed by each of the subsections of Section 5 (b) (1) of theFur Products Labeling Act.

B. Setting forth information required under Section 5 (b) (1)

the Fur Products Labeling Act and the Rules and ReguJations promul-gated thereunder in abbreviated form.

2. :Making claims and representations of the types covered by sub-sections (a. ), (b), (c) and (d) of Rule 44 of the Rules and Hegulationspromulgated under the Fur Products Labeling Act unless there are

maintained by respondents full and adequate records disclosing thefacts upon which such claims and representations are based.

ft is f'U1'the1' ordered That the respondents herein shall , within sixty(60) days after service upon them of this order, file with the Commis-sion a report in writing setting forth in detail the manner and formin which they have complied with this order.

IN TI-rn :MATTER

COLGATE-PAL~fOLIVE CO~IPANY ET AL.

ORDER , ETC. , IN REGARD TO THE ALLEGED VIOLATION OF THE FEDERAL TIL\DE

COl\Il\IISSIO:K ACT

Docket i"/36. Complai. , Jan. 1960-Decision, Dec. :e9 , 1961

Order requiring a well-known manufacturer of shaving cream among otb.erproducts, and its advertising agency, to cease representing falsely in tele-vision advertising of its "Palmoli';e Rapid Shave by use of a "mock up

composed of glass or plexiglass to which sand bad been applied so as to.simulate sandpaper-that the "moisturizing" action of its said sb.avingcream was such as to make it possible to apply it to coarse sandpaper andforthwith shave off the rough surface. and that sllth (lemonstration proH'd:

the "moisturizing" vropenies of tile product.

CO::\1:PLAINT

Pursuant to the provisions oJ the Fedel'a) 1')';((le ('omm i:;:sion . \ ct

and by virtue of the authority vested in it by said Act , the FederalTrade Commission , having reason to believe. that Colgate-PalmoliveCompany, a corporation , and Ted Bates &. Company, Inc. , a corpora-tion , hereinafter referrefl to as respondents, have. violated the provi-

COLGATE-PALMOLIVE CO. ET AL. 1453

1452 Complaint

sions of the said Act, and it appearing to the Commission that aproceeding by it in respect thereof would be in the public interesthereby issues its complaint, stating its charges in that respect asfollows:PARAGRAPH 1. Respondent Colgate-Palmolive Company is a cor-

poration , organized , existing and doing business under and by virtueof the laws of the State of Deleware, with its principal office and placeof business located at 300 Park A venue, New York, New York.

Respondent Ted Bates &. Company, Inc. , is a corporation organizedexisting and doing business under and by virtue of the laws of theState of New York , with its principal office and place of business lo-cated at 666 Fifth A venue, New York , New York.

PAR. 2. Respondent Colgate-Palmolive Company is now, and forsome time last past has been , engaged in the manufacture, advertising,offering for sale, sale and distribution of a shaving cream designatedPalmolive R.apid Shave , and various other products, to distributors

and to retailers for resale to the public.Respondent Ted Bates &. Company, Inc. , is now , and for some time

last past has been , the advertising agency of the respondent Colgate-Palmolive Company, and now prepares and places, and for some timeJast past has prepared and pJaced , for publication advertising materialincluding television commercials but not limited to that hereinafterset forth , to promote the sale of the aforesaid "Palmolive RapidShave" and other products.PAR. 3. In the course and conduct of its business, respondent

CoJgate-Palmolive Company now causes, and for some time last pasthas caused , its said "Palmolive Rapid Shave , when sold , to be shippedfrom its factories or plants in the various states of the United Statesto purchasers thereof located in various other states of the UnitedStates and in the Ditsrict of Columbia, and maintains , and at alltimes mentioned herein has maintained , a substantial course of tradein said product, in commerce, as "commerce" is defined in the FederalTrade Commission Act..

PAR. 4. In the conduct of its business at all times mentioned hereinrespondent Colgate-Palmolive Company has been in substantial com-petition , in commerce, with corporations , firms and individuals in thesale of shaving cream.

In the conduct of its business, at all times mentioned herein , respon-nt Ted Bates &. Company, Inc. , has been in substantial competitionin commerce, with other corporations, firms and individuals in theadvertising business.

PAR. 5. R.esponclents , by means of the aforesaid television conm1er-eia.ls, which include a visual demonstratioll of a hand holding a razor

1454 FEDERAL TRADE COMMISSIO~ DECISIOXS

Decision 59 :F'

and shaving "hat is purported to be a piece of dry sandpaper to whichPalmolive Rapid Shave has been applied , haxe represented , directly orby implication : that the "moisturizing" action of Pahno1ive RapidShave is such that by the application of said product to the surface ofdry sandpaper it is possible to forthwith shave off the rough surface ofsaid sandpaper and that such demonstration proves the ~'moisturizingproperties of said product , in actual use , for shaying purposes.

PAn. G. The aforesaiclrepreselltations , including the visual demon-stration, are false, misleading and deceptive. In truth and in factthat which is represented to be sandpaper in the aforesaid visnaldemonstration was a "mock up , composed of glass or pJexiglass to,vhich sand had been applied , especiaJ1y made for use in said demon-stration and '"as not, in fact , sandpaper. Said demonstrn,tion doesnot proye the "moisturizing" properties of Palmoliye Rapid Shavein actual use, for shaving purposes.PAR. 7. The use by respondents of the aforesaid false, misleading

and deceptive representations , depictions and practices has had , andnow has , the capacity and tendency to mislead members of the pur-

chasing public into the erroneous and mistaken belief that the saidrepresentations were , and are , true and into the purchase of substantialquantities of the respondents ' product by reason of said erroneous andmistaken belief. As a consequence thereof, substantial trade incommerce has been , and is being, unfairly diverted to respondentsfrom their competitors and substantial injury has thereby been , andis being, done to competition in commerce.PAR. 8. The aforesaid acts and practices of respondents , as herein

aJIeged , were, and are , all to the prejudice and injury of the public andof respondents' competitors and constituted , and now constitute, un-fair and deceptive acts and practices and unfair methods of competi-tion , in commerce, within the intent and meaning of the Federal TradeCommission Act.

illr. Edwo,nl F. DO1()llS and ilfT. Anthony J. J(ennedy: J~' , for theCommission.

Cahill, Gordon, Reindel cC: Old New York , N. , by illr. illathias

Correa andllf1' Corydon B. Dunham. for Colgate-Palmolive Company.OoudeTt Brothers New York , N. , by il11'. JosephA. lllcAlan'us and

ill'1'. Donald Ii. 8ha/w, for Ted Bates & Company, Inc.

INITIAL DECISIOX BY ,VILLLDI L. P ACR : I-IK-\RIN(~ EXAMINEg

1. Respondents are charged with violation of the. Federal TradeCommission Act throll~:h the use of certain nlle~~:e111\' lllisleading tele-yision c0111meTcials in achertising a shaving cream. Hearings ha


1452 Decision

been held at which evidence both in support of and in opposition tothe complaint was introduced. Proposed findings and conclusionshave been submitted (respondents' proposals being in the form ofbriefs in support of a motion to dismiss the complaint) , and the matterhas been argued orally before the hearing exa111iner. The case is nowbefore the examiner for final consideration. Any proposed findingsor conclusions not. included herein have been rejected.

2. R.espondent Colgate-Palmolive Company is the manufacturer andse11er of the shaving cream involved, the cream being known asPalmoliye Rapid Shave." R.espondent Ted Bates & Company, Inc.

is the advertising agency which prepared and placed the advertisingin question. The advertising is in the form of three 60-second com-mercials which were used as part of a television program carried overa nationwide network during the latter part of 1959 , the programbeing sponsored by Colgate-Palmolive Company.

3. The television commercials included both visual demonstrationsand oral statements. In one of the. visual demonstrations, a handnpplies Palmolive Rapid Sh:we to ,,-hat is purported to be a piece ofsanllpaper. The announcer says

, "

To proye Rapid Shave s super-

moisturizing power, we put it right from the can onto this tough , drysandpaper. Then a hand holding a razor cuts a clean path throughthe lather and purported sandpaper surface. The announcer at thesame time says

, '~

It ,"as apply

. .

. soak

. .

. and off in a stroke.~1. In the next sequence , the technique of a split screen is employed

the purported sandpaper being on the left side of the screen , and eithera professional football player or an actor on the right side of thescreen. As the individual applies Palmolive R.apid Shaye to his faeea hand applies the cream to the purported sandpaper. Immediatelythereafter the hand , nm\ holding a razor , cuts a clean path through thelather and purporte.c1 sandpaper surface , while the individual simul-taneously makes a similar stroke to shave a portion of his face. Dur-iEg this demonstration the announcer says

, "

In this sandpaper test oron your sandpaper beard , you just apply R.apid Shave , then take yourrazor and shave clean ,vith a fast , smooth stroke.

5. Actually, no sandpaper ,vas employed in the cO1nmercials. ,\That'"Vas represented as sandpaper was in fact a mock-up made of plexiglassto ,vhjc.h sand had been applied. There appear to be several reasonswhy it was not feasible to use sandpaper. One reason doubtless wasthat the length of the commerciaJs-GO- seconds-was not adequate forsandpaper to be soaked to the point where it could be shaved cleanly.

Aside from this, however , there were technical difficulties peculiar totelevision. ,Yhen placed under a television camera , sandpaper ap-pears to be nothing more than phin , colored paper; the texture 01"


Decision 59 F.

grain of the sandpaper is not shown. Thus it is necessary to impro-vise-use fL mock-up-if what is seen by the television audience is tohave the appearance of sandpaper.

6. There is no doubt that sandpaper can be shaved through use ofthe crea. , provided adequate time is allO\\ec1 after the application ofthe cream for the sandpaper to become soaked. This is establishedby evidence introduced both by Commission counsel and by respond-ents. In fact, the adeguancy of the crear:'1 as a "moisturizing" orwetting agent seems to be recognized by all parties; certainly the

matter is not in issue in the present proceeding.. 7. The precise issue raised by the complaint is not clear. It appears

however, both from the complaint and the Commission s order ofMay 19 , 1960 , denying a motion of Commission counsel to amend it

. that probably the complaint intended to chal'ge only that through theuse of the television commercials, and particularly the visual demon-Btrations, respondents have unduly exaggerated the moistening orwetting properties of the cream. The complaint (Paragraph Five)lleges that through the use of the commercials respondents have

falsely represented:* * * that the "moisturizing" action of Palm01iye Rapid Sl1nve i~ such that

by the application of said product to tbe 8nrface of dry sandpaper it is possibleto forthwith shave off tbe rough surface of said sandpaper and that such demon-stration proyes the "moistnrizil1g" properties of said product, in actual use,for 8ha ving pnrposes. (Emphasis added. )

8. The key word here seems to be " forthwith". The charge. seemsto be that the commercials exaggerate the ease and celerity with whichbandpaper can be shaved through use of the cream. In this connectionit should be borne in mind that although the visual portion of thecommercials indicates that the purported sandpaper is being shavedeasily and quickly with one stroke of the razor , one of the oral portionsvf the commeTcials does contain the word "soak" , the exact languagebeing, "It was apply. . . soak. . . and off in a stroke.

,Yhile the word "soak" is not repeated in the split screen sequencethis would seem not to be necessary, in view of the fact that it wasused only a.. few sec.onds before. As already stated , the entire C0111-

merciallasts only 60 sec.onds.9. Ful1chlmentnl1y, the question presented here, as in any case

charging false advertising, is: lIas there been any material mis-representation of the product In the present case it seems clearthat. there has not. The shaving cream does possess at least adequatemoistening or ,,-etting propeTties, and sandpaper can be shavedthrough use of the product, provided adequate time for soaking isallowed.


1452 Opinion

10. Essentially, what is presented here ,yould appear to be little ornothing more than a case of harmless exaggeration or puffing.Obviously the sandpaper sequences were employed simply for thepurpose of emphasizing and dramatizing the recognized moisteningor wetting properties of the cream. It is difficult to believe that any-one could have been misled as to the properties or qualities of theproduct.

11. As for the use in the commercials of the plexiglass mock-upinstead of sandpaper, this ",ould appear not to be misleading in amaterial respect inasmuch as the shaving cream does possess adequatewetting properties, and sandpaper can be shaved through use of thecream if sufficient time is allowed for soaking. In vie'" of the tech-

ical problems peculiar to television, reasonable latitude in the useof mock-ups or props should be permitted , provided , of course , suchuse is not misleading in a material respect as to the actual propertiesor qualities of the product advertjsed. On this subject, former Chair-man Kintner stated:

We realize that it is often diflieult to hnpnrt true life quality to a productW11l'l1 it is photographed for television.

\Vhere the use of props does not result in a material deception, the Fed-

eral rrl'a(1e Commission would bave no reason to complnill.OlIYiom~ly, we recognize that it is impossible to pbotograph ice cream properly

under hot. lights. If you l1aye to use shaving cream to get the kind of beadwl1ich is normal on a glass of beer , ibis probably would not represent a mate-rial deCl'vtioll unless, of course, it \vas carried beyond a reasonable point. Ifn glass goblet glistens too much

, ",'

e still aren t like1y to be alarmed. (Ad-ertisjn~ Age, November 23, l~Kit)')

12. In summary, it is conc.luc1ec1 that the advertising here in ques-

tion \yas not misleading in any material respect, and that the com-laint there-fore has not been sustained.1:3. The conclusion reached on the merits renders unnecessary any

eonsideration of other issues raised by respondents.

ORDER

ft is ordered That the complaint be, and it hereby is , dismissed.

OPINION OF Ti-IE CO~DIISSIOX

By Commissioner EL3IAN

This is :111 appeal from the hearing examiner s initial decision (lis-missing :1, complaint charging respondents Colgate-Pa.lmol1ve Com-pany and Ted Bates & Company, Inc. , with having violated Section of the Federal Trftc1e Commission Act. 1 by using faJse , misleading,

1 :-JS Stat. 710. ns :\1nen(lel1, J5 cs. C. ~ 4;).

(jf)~~-.H)O-G4-D::

1458 FEDERAL TRADE CO~BIISSION DECISIONS

Opinion ;:J!) Ii'

and deceptive. television commercials in advertising Colgate-Palmolive s shaving cream

, "

Rapid Shave.

\Ve hold that the initial decision ,yas erroneous; that the allegationsof fact in the complaint have been fully substantiated; that respond-ents, by using these commercials, engaged in nnfa.ir and deceptive~cts and practices, and unfair methods of competition , in interstatecommerce, in violation of Section 5; and that, to protect the publicagainst recurrence of such unla,vful conduct, an appropriate ceaseand desist order should be entered against both respondents.

Hespondent Colgate-Palmolh-e Company makes rend seJ1~ :1 !:,h:lvingcream called "Hapid Shave.~' Hesponc1ent Teel Bates & Company,Inc. , is an advertising agency ,,-hic11 prepared and placed fm: pnbJica-Lion the three GO-second tele,-jsion comnwl'cials advertising " Hap~df;htlve

~'

"hich are inyolvec1 in this proceecling. These. co~nll1C'1'cials'Y0Te pre~;ented on programs sponsored b:.T Col(2:ate- nlmoli,-r. tlwt"ere broa(1casL on n nntional net"'or).;: in tl1f:'. J:1tiCl' part. of l~);JD. The~'Tipts of these comnwrcia Is , cletaihnt2.' their "vjdeo ~~ nnc1 ;; n l1dio

~~

con-tent , appear as e:;:hibi1s1n the record. In addition , the films of theCt.' nl Jru:rci t1ls, as actllaUy lwc:-.clcn st , ,\"E'l'O ShC)\El to the. Commi~;::;ioTl

dm'iJ1!~' the 01':11 nl'!:!.'llI1H. nt of tIle :nme:l1.

. ,

l ,

The first of these (Commission Exhibit 2 , entitled "S:mdpaperJ\Iask-GdTord" ) opens by shmyinc: fl foothall being plnce-kicl,E'cL withthe hill zocming" h,Y'::Hcl tlle. V\(,'H'l'. The picture then "el'its ~' to a foot-ImJJ player ,,"hose face is hidc.1en behind a mad;;: th:1t arJpears to bemade of COfil'Se , gritty sandpaper. The ,"oieo of all unseen nl11101.111CO1'

asks: "'yyrho is the ma~l behind the sandpaper mask r' The footballpJnyel' strips 011' the sandp:lper mask , re:n?aling a. hea,,)' grcrrdh of,-.;-hiskers. As the Dlavel' rnbs his cheek ruefully, the annonnc.er says:

, .

It' s triple-thl'e:;t man , J, rank Gifl'ol'd-bflckfielel sensation of theN e'" York Gi:l1lts . . . a. man with a problem just like YO111'S .

. .

beareI as tough flS sandpaper

. .

. a beard that needs

. .

. PALl\f-OLIVE R~.\PID SI-:L'-. VB

. .

. suTler-moisturized for the :.bstestsmoothest shnyps possiIJle.

'-\s the flnnOUllC('r says " a beard as 1.ongh flS Si'cIlc1paper," the pictureshifts to the sanc1pflper mflsk , and a hand brings a. can of ;;RapidS11an!~' into vie'y in front of the sandpaper

, \\-

ith the 'yards "Super-l\loishuizecr' and " Fastest Smocthest Shal'es

~~

appearing on the filmuncler the shn ving Cl'eam. The aml011llCeT S voice continues: "proyc I-L\PID SI-L\. VB' S super-moistnrizing pO\\cr, \Ie pllt it rightfrom the can

. . " ~

~s this is being said , ,ye see one hand pressing


1452 Opinion

the top of the "Rapid 8ha ve" can so as to dispense a small amount oflather into the other hanc1. The lather is then spread in one con-tinuous motion upon the surface of the sandpaper, and the first handreappears w'ith a razor and shaTes a clean path through the lather andthe gritty surface of the sandpaper. \Vhile this is taking place, thevoice of the announcer continues "

. .

. onto this tough, dry sand-paper. It was apply

. .

. soak

. .

. and off in a stroke. Thesewords are spoken at a normal conyersational pace, and there is nofade " "dissolve

~~

or -other pictorial indication of f111Y lapse of timebet,veen "apply,

" "

soak '~ and "off in a stroke ; the intervals preced-ing and fol1O\Ting the ,yord "soak" last no more than a second.

The picture then shifts to Frank Gifford lathering his face as theannouncer continues: "And super-moisturized PAL ~I 0 L I V ERAPID S1-IA VE can do the same for you.

A t this point the ;' split screen " technique is introduced. On oneside of the screen a hand is seen applying "Rapid Shave" to sand-paper in an action that parallels Gifl'orcfs on the other side of thescreen. .

.:\.

s Giil'ord makes a razor stroke down his check , the handmakes a similar stroke down the lathered strip of sandpaper. _Againthe shaving, on both sides of the screen , is begull direc.tly after thelather is applied. Ancl , again , there is no "fac1c

~' "

dissolve" or othervisual indication of any lapse of time behveen the lathering and theshaving of the sandpaper, on one side of the screen , and Gij)'orcfsface, on the other. \Vhile this is being seen , the announcer says: "this sandpaper test

. .

. or on your sandpaper beard , you just applyRAPID SEA VE

. .

. then

. .

. take your razor

. .

. and shaveclean "ith a fast, smooth stroke.

\Ve then see Gifford , stroking his clean-shaven face with a. look ofsatisfied approval. The picture at this point shifts to cans of "HapidShave" surrounded by the words "Sllper-::Uoisturized" and "Fast-est, Smoothest Shaves ' while the. announcer continues: "TryRAPID 81-1A VE

. .

. or cooling, soothing RAPID SI-IA VE- :MEN-T1-IOL . . . both super-moisturized

. .

. for the fastest, smoothestshaves possible. They both outshave the tube

. .

. olltshave thebrush. In a concluding jingle , to a tune reminiscent of "1-Iere wego 'round the mulberry bush ~: an unseen male ehorus sings lustily:RAPID 81-1A VE outshaves them all. Use RAPID 81-1A VE in the

morning.The sjghts and sounds "e hayc" described proceed in a. rapid sequence

the whole eomnwl'ciallasting (;0 seconds.The second commercial hf'Te involved (Commission Exhibit 3)

exactly the same except that the football player with the. "sandpaper693-4 90--64----


Opinion 59 F.

beard is Kyle R,ote, also of the New York Giants. The third com-mercial (Commission Exhibit 4) differs from the other two in notshowing a celebrity. Quick dramatic effect is attained by likeningthe feel of a razor stroke to the striking of a match on sandpaper.

After a brief recitation of the shaving cOlnfort to be derived fromusing " apid Shave " with appropriate pictorial accompaniment, thesame "sandpaper test" described in the other commercials is repeated.

II.

In one basic respect, the case is free from factual eontroversy.Respondents concede that the televised "sandpaper:' (lemonstrationswere conducted not on real sandpaper but on ,,-hat is kno"n in theindustry as a "mockup," or simulated prop. As the examiner foundActually no sandpaper was employed in the commercials. ",Vhat was

represented as sandpaper ,yas in fact n mock-up made of plexiglas:::to Trhich sand had been applied.

:'

In dismissing the complaint, the examiner ,yent on to explain , andto justify, respondents ' use of a mock-up rather than actual sandpaper:

There appear to be several rensons why it was not feasible to use sandpaper.One reason doubtless "- as that the length of the colllmercials-GO-se('onds-wasnot adequate for sandpaper to be soaked to the point where it could be slut,edcleanl~"

. .

\side from this , hC)\\"eH. , there ""ere technical ditliculties rJP.culiarto television. \\'hen placed UIHler a television camera , sandpaper apr;ears

be nothing more than plain , colored paper; the texture or grain of the sand-

paper is not shown. Tbus it is necessary to improvise-use a mock-up-if whatis seen by t11e television audience is to have the appearance of sandpaper.

III.

The examiner considered that the facts of the ease raised only onequestion: "lIas there been any material misrepresentation of theproduct?" To that. question , the examiner answered:

In the present cnse it seems clear that there has not. The sba,ing creamfloes possess at lenst adequate moistening or wetting propert.ies, and sandpapercan be shaved through use of the product , provided adequate time for soakingis allowed.

Essentinlly, wbat is presented here ,,' ould nppenr to be little or nothingmore than a C:1!3e of ba rmless exnggera tion or pUffillg. Obviously the sand-paper sequences were employed simply for tbe purpose of emphasizing anddramatizing the recogllized moistening or wetting properties of the crenm.

It is difficult to belieye that anyone could h:we been misled as to tbe prolwrties

or qualities of the product.

",Ve. hellen' the examiner erred , his ilJlS'YCl'S being "Tong essentiallylwca:nse ht~ asked the. wrollg qllest.ions.


1452 Opinion

IV.

Initially, we put to one side any question as to the truthfulness the factual premise stated in the commercials, namely, that a shavingcrea.m which enables sandpaper to be shaved cleanly and quickly isequally effective in shaving a man s beard. Respondents

, ,,'

ho havespent mnny thousands of dollars in advertising this product to mil-lions of viewers, apparently believed that the. public. would acceptan eqniynleJlcP' of ",hiskers and sandpaper in this respect. Aecord-ingly, g.jying l'espondeJ)t~ the benefit, of nny doubts ,ve might otherwisehave in the matter~ "'e w ill assume the tTllthfl1lness of the com-mercials in so far as they represented that if i' lL1 pid Shn \"(' ': can shavesandpaper, it "can do the same for YOll.As the Commission saw and heard the television commercials here

involved , they contain two other bnsic representations:(1) ,Yhe, applied to conrse, griity snnclpa per

, "

Rn.pid Shavewill so moisturize the snndpapPl' th~1t , immediately upon lathering,it can be clean ly shaved.

(2) As proof of that fact. the yi!" rS need not take respondentsword for it; they cnn set' with their o,vn eyes a test or demonstrntionof how "Rapid Shave" acf:1utlly shaves such sandpnpel'.

Despite respondents' contentions to the contrary, we are satisfiedthat. the complaint was sufficientJy clear and specific to bring bothof these representations into issue.. Thus , the record presents twoquestions , not one:

(1) ,Vas there f\, misrepresentation as to the moisturizing qualitiesclaimed for "Rapid Shave ? Specifically, can it "shave" sandpaperin the manner described in the commercials?

(2) Assuming that there ,vns no misrepresentation as to the effec-tiveness of "Rapid Shave" in sha,ving sandpaper, ,yas there nonethe-less a misrepresentation jn the visual demons1-.ration offered as proofof such effectiveness Specifically, was it. deceptive to the public andan unfair advertising practice for respondents to conduct a "sand-paper" test before the viewers : eyes to prove the product's "Sllpel'-moisturizing pOln, :, on ",hnt wns represented as sandpaper and whatthe viewprs had every reaSC))l to suppose "'as sandpaper , but wasactually f\, plexiglnss mock-up?

,Ye now proceed to consider both these questions.1. On the premises-,vhich ,ve have assumed to be true-that there

is an equivalence in this respect between sandpaper and "a henrd. as

tough as sandpaper " if respondents misrepresented the extent towhich "Rapid Shave

" ,,-

hen applied to sandpaper, permits it to beshnTe.d quickly find cJennly, they lmclonbte.dly engaged ina fonn of


Opinion 50 F.

conduct proscribed by the statute. Advertisers may not make claimsfor the efficaey of their products which exceed the bounds of truthand reality.2 The Commission is obligated to prevent " false advertis-ing of a product, process or method which misleads , or has the capacityor tendency to mislead , the purchasing public into buying such prod-uct, process or method in the belief it is acquiring one essentiallydifferent." Ford 'Jlotor 00. v. Federal Trade 001n1nission 120 F. 2d175 , 181 (C.A. 6), cert. denied , 314 U.S. 668. If the public is to beinduced to purchase a. sha ving cream by representations as to its effecton sandpaper, those. representations must be true.

It was the uncontradicated testimony of an expert. in coated abra-sives and an official of respondent Bates that the plexiglass mock-upmost. closely resembled the grade of sandpaper commonly known asextra-coarse." It is apparent to the Commission from its observation

of the three comme.rcia.ls that this characterization in no way exagger-ates the heavy, coarse appenr:;lnce of the snrfac.e of the mock-up.

"\Ve find upon revie", of the testimony, in conjunction with thesandpaper exhibits in the record , tha t.:

(a) Sandpaper of the coarse , heavy variety depicted in the "RapidShave" commercials cannot. snccessfu1Jy be shaved in the abbreviatedtime available during the commercials even by employing a numberof strokes under heelvy pressure;

(b) Sandpaper of the coarse., heavy variety depicted in these com-mercials cannot succe.ssfulJy be sha "ed ,yithin one to three minutesafter application of "Rapid Shave " even by employing a number ofstrokes uncleI' heavy pressure;

(c) No piece of sandpaper of the coarse , heavy variety depicted inthe::oe commercials that appears in the record has been shaved genuinelyclean , as the television mock-up ,yas , despite the allowance of up toan hour for soaking in "Rapid Shave : and

(d) One reason why real sandpaper was not used in the "RapidShave" commercials was that it. required too long a soelbng periodbefore effective shaving "as possible.The Commission s conclusion on this issue, therefore, is that sand-

pa per cannot be shaved by applying "Hnpid 8ha ve" in the mfll1nerand for the length of time., depicted in the. commercials , and that.respondents ' representations and demonstrations to that e.lIect werefalse. misleading' , and c1ecentive.

This is not to deny that, as the examiner found , some types of sanc1-

~ Spc, (J. , Carter P'" oal/cts, Inc. v. Federnll'nlde COIll1l1i,~8ion 268 F. 2d 4H1 (C. A. 0), cert.denied, 3fil U. S. 884: Rhodc8 Pharmacal Co. Federa/ Trade Commis,"ion 208 F. 2d 382

fC. A. 7), moclific(1. 348 U. S. 940: /(och v. Fer/eral 'Trade Commission ~O() F. 2(1 :';J1 (c.A.

6) ; Arne/- icall MedicillnllJ odllcts, I1/G, v, Federal 'Trade Commiss,;o11 Ji.;(j F. 2cl 426 (C.9) ; CorL80/idated Bool~ PlIbUsher8 Inc. v, Federall'l" ade Colllm'issioll 53 F, 2d 942 (Coo-\.. 7),cl'rt. denied , 286 U. S. 553.


1452 Opinion

paper can, in some circmnstances, be shaved with "Rapid Shaveprovided adequate time for soaking is allowed. But that is beside

the point. There is a public interest. in protecting the consumer fromc1eception 3 and in furthering that interest the Commission is guidedby the "net impression which the advertisement is likely to make

upon the general populace Clw'rles of the Ritz. Di8trib~doTS Corp. Fede1' al Trade Cmmnission 143 F. 2d 676 , 670 (C.A. 2), rather than"fine spun distinctions and arguments that may be made in excuse.P. Lorillal'd (/0 Fede1Yd T1yale 001n.1ni8sion 186 F. 2d 52 , 58 (C.

4). Tl1ese commercials clearly conveyed the. impression that verycoarse grades of sandpaper could be shaved immediately after "HapidShave" was applied. As our brief summary of the evidence of recordindicates, this is simply not possible. Eyery efl'ort in the hearingroom to shave heavy sandpaper shortly after it received a Goating ofHapid Shave" ended in total failure. And the pre-hearing experi-

ments of witne.55 Joseph n. O'Neil , an (',:sperL in the Held of coated

abrasives , involving soaking period of one to three minutes, met withno more suecess.

Nar was the visual impact. of respondents

' "

sandpaper" demonstra.tion-an impact t.hat was plain 1y 11Jp. main object. of eaeh commercia softened by the single unobtrn81'1'e utterance of the word "soak." Ac-cording to respondents, that word ;;nec.es~Hrily implies the passageof time " n.nd its inclusion in the " audio" part of the commercial can-ceDed ont any repre.sentation otherwise made as to the spe,ed with

,y,

hich "Rapid Shave" could be used in shnying snndpnper. I-Ioweve.L

the vie,yer is ,1lmost unaware. thnj, the ".ord has been spoken , and thefiction that accomplishes it flows rhythmic.all~T along without dis-cernible pause. The Commission ob~,er"ed t,hese commercials ,,- it.h an

educated eye, forwarDed that , from respondents ' sta.ndpoint

, "

soak",vas a key word in the announcer s spiel. Eve.n so , the. ,yord failed toconvey to us the. impression that l'espolldents ' eounse1 urged for it.1-1ow much less a., flag of caution Hmst. it. haTe been to the uninitiategazing Pot their sets perhaps casually or distracted by other householdn.c.tivities. In these, tele,rision commercials the pictorial demonstra-tion was tlIe thing,4 Rnd the net el1'('ct of the spoken commentary wasto acce.ntna1e rathert-han detract fronl ii.

~~pp

fJ, , FC/lerll/. Trade CI)/nm;,9N;OI/ A I(J(JII/II I, U/I/I/t?r Co" ~!!1 l; ~. n

/:

Jfohnwk

flni1/'fJ Corp, Y. Fcde7' al Tra.de Commis8ioll 26R F. 2d 818 (C.A. 3), (~ert, denIed, 361 U.814: Parkc, A!I,~tin ,f Lipscomb , Inc. v, Fetlcrf/.l Trade Co11/.mi,~sioll J4~ F. 2d 437 (C,2), ccrt, aeniea, ~~:i S. 753; Federal 'Tradc i7o111mi8sion Y. Eolme 23 F. 2d 615 (C.A. 2),cert. denied, 277 U~S. 598.

" S. Watson Dunn, "Advertlsdng-Its Role in Modern MarketIng" (1961). p. 408: "Dem-onstration is so important it should- be comddered for every commercial. In many commer-cials demonstration of the product or service is the dominant theme. Since people areinterested in what products will do for them , demonstration is usually good communi.clition.


Opinion :)0 F.

Respondents ' arguments to the eolltrary are no more than technicalquibbles over the breadth of the genus "sandpaper" and the dictionarydefinition of the word "soak" But the Commission is charged withthe high duty of preventing public deception , and it must considerrepresentations in actual context, not abstractly or in isolation, forA statement may be deceptive even if the constituent words may he

Jiterally or technieally c:onstrued so as to not constitute a misrepre-sentation.

:'

Kal1o(t-:itys v~ Federal Trade GO171/rn/.sslon 237 F. 2d 6'656 (C.A. 7), cert.. denied~ 352 U.S. 1025.5 The Commission is con-cerned with protecting the. trusting as well as the suspicious , the c.asnalas well as the vigilant , the. naive. as well as the sophisticated.6 "It is

for this reason that the Commission may ' insist upon the most literaltruthfulness : in advertisements illoTet1' ench Gorp. v. Federal Trade

(/011uniss/017i Cir. 127 F. 2d 7~2~ 795 , and should have the disc.retionundisturbed b~T the. conrts, to insist if it chooses 'upon a form of ad-vertising clear enough so that, in the words of the prophet Isaiahwayfaring men , though fools, shall not err therein.

~"

Generall1lotor's Gorp. v. Federal Trade GO17"Wu:8sion 2 Cir. , 114 F. 2d 33 , 36certiorari denied , 312 U.S. 682. . . .

':

Cha?,Zes of the Ritz Distributor's

Gorp. v. Fede?yrl Trade Go1nl1ti8S2:0'7/. 143 F. 2d 676 , 680 (C.1\.. 2).2. ,Ve turn , next, to the contention mainly pressed on this appeal

namely, that use of the mock-up instead of real sandpaper in thedemonstrations was not. deceptive or misleading because it claime,110 quality for "Rapid Shave" which it did not nctua))~~ pos:=:es:=:: andthat in any event, this "-ns "littlp or nothing more than a ease of harm-less exaggeration or puffing" of the proc1ncfs moistening properties.

This argument aSS111nes, contrary to our findings of fact , t ha t thecommercials did fairly and t.rllthfulJ~T describe "Rapid Shave " efi'ec-

tiveness in shaving sa.ndpaper. E"en if that "'ere so the commercialswould be deceptive, ".it11ill tlw. meanillg of tlw strdllte ~ in the mannerin which they clelibC'l'clteJy misinform the \'ie'H~r that what he se.being shayed is genuine. " tough, dry sa.lHlpnper " rather than a plexi-glass mock-up. The1'C'. is no dispute that I-his is lmtrlle. Did it te.to mislead the public , clJld was it all nnfnir (l(hertising practj~e ,Yehold that it did. and it was.

(; And !';ec, Koch v. Federal Tr'a.dc Commission 206 F. 2d 311, 317 (C.A. 6) ; Ben11ett

Fcdeml Trade Gommi,~R10n 200 F. 2d 362, 363 (C.A. D,

);

Rothschild v. Federal. 'i' radeOornm'i, '!'Rion 200 U. S, 39, 42 (C.A. i), cert. denied, 345 U. S. 941: Bockenstette v. Fericra.lTra.de Commission 134 F. 2d 369, 371 (C.1\.. 10). Of., Do'l1ul.dson

".

Read Magazine, Inc.,R33U. S. 178, 188.

0 See Niresk Industrics, Inc. v. Fed.eral Tra.de Cornm'isS10n 278 F. 2d 337 (C.A. 7) ;Parker Pen 00. Y. Federal Tr'ade Commission 159 F. 2d 509 (C. A. 7) ; Pr"ogress Tailoring

Co, v. Federal Trade Commission 153 F. 2d 103 (C, 1\.. 7) ; W. PalJer 00. V. Federal'l'ra. (/.e 00mm'i8sion 149 F. 2d. 424 (C.1\.. 2), affirmed , 328 U.S. 193. C/., Donal.dRan

Head Magazine, Inc. 333 U.S. 178.


1452 Opinion

If false advertising tends unfairly to divert business from com-petitors or to induce consumers to make purchases they might not

otherwise make, it is certainly lU1lawfuL The manner in w hieh themock-up was employed in the "Rapid Shave" commercials had thecapacity to do both. Their entire sales pitch can be readily sum-marized :

If you ,haye a tollgh "sandpaper~: beard , you need a shaving creamwith super-J11'oistlHizing power. A shaving cream that is effective inquickly and cleanly shaving rough , dry sandpaper ean do the samefor your beard. RAPID SIIA VE has such super-moisturizing powerand we 'will p'ro~' e ?:t to YO'Ll before YOUT ver"y eyes.

The heart of these eommerciaJs was the visual "sandpaper test"a test that was, in reality, not taking plaee. This y,;,ould be deceptiveand unfair :lC1vertising even if "Rapid Shave" "as as effective inshaving sandpaper as respondents represented. A likely result ofsuch an il1egal practice is that "purchasers are de.cei ved in to pur-chasing an article which they do not v,ish or intend to buy, and whiehthe.y might or might not buy if correctly informed.

. .

Fede?'Trade 001nmissl:on Royal ilJi17ing 00. 288 IT. S. 212, 217. ""\Ve areof opinion that the purchasing public is entitJed to be protected againstthat species of c1ecepbon , and that its interest in such protection isspecific and substantial. Ibid.

Responc1eJlts urge, however, that if (assuming the fact to be. true)their product ,vill do to real sandpaper an that the mock-up demon-stration claims for it , the consumer has not been induced to buy a prod-uct less vaJuable or meritorious than what he thought he was buying,and therefore he hns not been hurt in any substantial way. But thishas never bee,n the test of what constitutes a material misrepresenta-tion under the statute. "It is snfheient to lind that the natural andprobable result of the. challenged practices is to cause one to do thatwhich he would not othen-vise do .

. .

and that the matter is of spe-cific public interest..:' Boelcenstette v. Federal 7'1Ylrle Omn1nisi. 134F. 2c1 369 371 (C.A. 10). "It is not necessary that the product so mis-represented be inferior or harmful to the public; it is sufficient thatthe sale of the product. be other than as represented.

L,. O. .:lla.yeTs

00. Y. Fedcral T1'ode OO?n1JH 88(~on 97 F. 2c1 365 , 367 (C.A. 2).

'1 And Bee C. Howard. Hunt Pen. Co. v. Federal Trade Comrn-issi. 197 F. 2d 273, 280(C.A. 3), in which petitioner represented that its pen polnt$ were tipped with iridium, anunusuaHr hard element of the platinum family:

It i8 of no moment. in this proceeding in the public interest. that what the purchasergets in the tipping lllaterlnJ used on petitioner s pen points may be fiS serviceable as oralmost a8 serviceable ae iridium.

The court also pointed out that other manufacturers who tipped their pen points withthe same bnrd material petitioner used and did )10t falsely claim that it WIIS iridium wereprejudiced by petitioner s misrepresentations.


Opinion 59 F.

Respondent ,,-oulcl have us hold that n, television demonstration pur-porting to prove the qualities claimed lor a product, "\yhere the publicis told it is seeing one thing when it is actnally seeing something difi'eT-

ent, is nonetheless lawful and not deceptive if in fact the productinvolved has the qualities claimed for it. This ",oulc1 flout the prin-ciple implicit in the multitude of eases which hold that one. may not.advertise so-called "phony~' 01' dishonest testimonials; s 01' imply

erroneous source or origin for a product; \) or fail to disclose that aproduct, although as good as a nmv one , has in fact, been reprocessed; or deceive the public into believing that one is in a certain line of busi-ness when this is not soY The vice. assailed in these, case.s is the useof a falsification of filet, extrinsic to the objective value. of the productto sell that product: whether or Hot it may deserve to be bought on itsown merits. " (TJhe public is entitled to get ,,-hat it chooses " and

substitution would be unfair though equivalence "'ere shown. Fed-eral Trade Cmn'mission v. Algmna Lmnue,' O(J. 291 l-:- S. 67 , 7'7-78.

Suppose , for example, that an ad,'eltisement for an obesity remedyshows the uslwl '; before :' and " after :: pictures of users of the product.If those photographs are " faked " it would obviously be no defensethat the product is an efrective appetite-depressant and could in factbring nbont reduction in ",eight as represented in the " fa ked~' picture~.The point is that the "proor' offered was a material element of theadvertising; without it , the adyertising mjght not have succeeded inselling the product; and , in fact , the. ': proor' ",as not, proof at all. Theshort of the: matter is that the public and honest competitors are en-titled to the protection which the law gives agnin~t s11ch nnfnir and

dece.ptive advertising practices. 'In this ease the pic.t.orial test. of ';Hnpid Shave " proving to any

doubting Thomas in the Yfist audienee that " By golly, it really ca.

shave sandpaper!" was the clinching argument made by the commer-

cials. The "sandpaper tesf' was conducted, as the announcer said(tJo prove RAPID SIrA VE' sl1per111oisturizing power

. . . .

1Yithout this visible. proof of its qnalities, some vie.weTs might not have

See, g., Niresk l'ndustries , lnG" v. FedenJI 'l'nule Co1n' missio11 , 278 F. 2d 337 (C.

7) (unauthorized use of "Good Hol1f:'ekeeplng Guaranty Senl"

) ;

Fedel.al Trade Comm.'is8ioll

Y. Standard Education Soc

y,

86 F. 2d 692 (C,A. 2), modified, 302 V, S, 112 (Encycloped~1ltestimonials) ; Guarantee Vetcrilwry CO. V. Fetlera. l 'Trade Commi,~8ion 285 Fed. 853 (C.2) (V.S. Army endorsement and military testimonial for a livestock salt block).

, United State8 Navy Weekly, Inc., v, Fe(Leral Trade Commiss10n 207 F. 2di 17(C.

) ;

El Mora Ciflnr Co. Y. Fedcrnl 'Trade COlllmi8sion, 107 F. 2d 4.29 (C,A, 4) ;Federal Tr(/(I.e Comm'i8sion Y. Army and Nary Tradil/!) Co. SS 1". 2(1 77G (C,

,oE.g., Mohawk Rejhl,illg Corp. v. FerZeral Trade Commission 263 F. 2d 818 (C.A. 3),cert. denied, 3,61 V. S. 814; Royal Oil Corp. Y. Fed.era! ~l'ra.de Commi8!!ion 262 F. 2d 741

fC.A. 4).. .11 J Federal 'l'rade Co'mmis8ion

y.

Royal l,filling Co., 288 U. S. 212; L. cf C. MayersCo. Y. Federal '1'rade Commi8sion 97 F. 2d 365 (C.A. 2) ; Fr:deral 'l'ra.rle Commission Mi(l West Mill.s, Inc., 90 F. 2d 723 (C.A. 7).


1452 .opinion

been persuaded to buy the product. At least , respondents must havethought so, or else they would not have emphasized the pictorialsandpaper test" in the expensive television advertisements of their

product. One need only consider the. differences in the impact of thesecommercials on viewers had they been told , honestly and truthfully,that what they were seeing- tested ,,-as a pJexigIass mock-up, ratherthan what. they thought and were told they were seeing, namely, actualsandpaper. The ditTerence betwen telling and not te.lling the truthcould , in this instance at least , have been the dit1'erence between aneffective and inefi'ective "sen.': In such circumstances, the c.laim ofharmless exagge.ration ~' is rather hollow.Perhaps some COnSll111erS will be content with a product purchased

in response to such a receptive "come-on " but that is hardly legal justi-fication for it. It could not atone , for example, for the injllry to acompeting shaving cream manufacturer ,,-hose product might havefared better in the marketplace had respondents adhered to honest andfair advertising practices. "The Jaw is violated if the first contact orinterview is seen red by deception. . . 0a1'te1' P1' od' ucts v. FederalTrade 00mmis8ion. 186 F. 2d 821 824 (C.A. 7).

esponde.nts raise a. number of specific defenses.1. They suggest , first, that use of a plexigIass mock-up was justified

because television s technical limitations canse, sandpaper to look un-real when tehwised. ,Ye are told by l'espondents that the use of moek-ups or simulnted props in television advertising is by no means uniqueto this case , and is a "idespread prnetice. in the industry. Thus

~ ,,-

hilethe particular fncts of this case mny seem trivial , it raises the broadquestion ,,-hether mock-ups or simulated props may la:\vfnJly be used intelevision commercials to demonstrate fjl1alit.ies chimed for productswheTe the andienee. is told that it is seeing one thing being demon-~t.rnted 'while actually it is seeing something different.

As to the asserted teehnicallimitations oi~ the medium , the Commis-sion is inclined to be somewhat skeptical. ,Ye doubt that the skillsand resources available, in television photogrflphy, in an industry whichhas made such striking technological advances in recent years , are asinadequate as they have ben portrayed to us by counsel for respondents.I-Iowever, assuming it to be the fact that there are indeed such limita-tions in television photography, the Commisison can appreciate thatthese "technica.l'~ difficulties could give rise to problems for sponsorsand agencies in determining how most effectively to use television inadvertising their products. The. limitations of the medium may pre-sent a. challeng' e to the creative ingenuity and resourcefulness of copy-


Opinion 59 F.

writers; but surely they could not constitute lawful justification forresort to falsehoods and deception of the public. The argument to thecontrary would seem to be based on the wholly 'untenable assumptionthat the primary or dominant function of television is to sell goodsand that the Commission should not make any ruling which ,,'ould im-pair the ability of sponsors and agencies to use television "~ill maxi-mum efTectiveness as a sa les or advertising medium.

Stripped of polite ,'erbiage , the argument boils dmY11 to this: "'heretruth and television salesmanship collide , the :fo:::mer must give wayto the latter. This is obviously an indefensible proposition. Thenotion that a sponsor may take liberties \\.ith the truth in its televisionadvertising, ",hile advertisers using other media must. continue to betruthful , is patent nonsense. The statutory requirements of truthin advertising apply to television no less th~~n to olher media of com-munieat.ion. Adherence to the truth should be no more, of an ilnpedi-ment to etl'ecti,' e advertising in television than in :111Y other medium.But if , though "'e are inclined to donIA, it , respondents do not believethey can ei1'ec.t.ively lllcll'ket their product on television within the legalrequirements of truthful advertising, it does not foJ1ow that the Com-mission should relax those requirements. ~'--s "'as s,licl in anothercase , if respondents "do not. choose to Hchertise truthfully, they may,and should , diseontinue Hch-ertising.

~' ..

.'1 merica' .:.11 ed;ci-nal ProductsInc. v. Federa.lTnu1e Co17~mi.'!s. ion 13G F. 2c142G , 4,27 (C.A. D). Onlyby disregarding this basic and salutary principle of the In'" could "'egive. approval to respondents ' advertising" practices. wIo fail toprohibit such evil practices 'would be to elevate deception in busines~a-ncl to give to it the standing and dignity of truth.

:~

Federal Tntde007711n/88'(0'/1. v. Stand(O'd Edueation Soc

y:

302 U.S. 112, I1G.

2. A kindred argument., of the "parade of horribles

~'

variety, is thata. deeision against respondents in this ease "'llJ disrupt the entire tele-vision industry by prohibiting n 11 future 11se, in nIl circumsl ancesof props to simulate reality. This is, of course, absurd. No oneobjects to the use of papier mache sets to represent western saloonsor an netOl' s drinkinr; iced tea instead of the alcoholic beverage c.alJed

for by the seript. The distinction bet"een these situations and theone before us is obvious. The set designer is HOt. attempting, throughis depiction of the sa-loon , to sell us a saloon , nor is the "c.t or , si pping

at. his drink , pNldling bourbon. There is n world of difJerenc.e be-hreen a casual display of steaming " coffee-:' that is l'ealJy heated redwine (again , lw('al1SP of te,levision s ;' teehniral diflicl1lties ), and acommercial sho"ing a elosenp of whJ 1. is ndually red ,yine to theaceornpnniment, of a ('him that flIP high quality of the, sponsor s eof-iee is prov(~d by its rich, clark appeal'anee--\yhich the yie""er ean


1452 Opinion

verify for himself simply by looking at the "cofree~: on the screen.Similarly, an announcer may ,yea.r a blue shirt that photographswhite.; but he may. not advertise a, soap or detergent's " whiteningqunJities by pointing to the :' whiteness ': of his blue shirt. The dif-ference in all these cases is the time-honored distinction between amisstatement of truth that is material to the inducement of a sale~:nd one that is r~ot.

3. nesponc1C'nts further contend , and the hearing examiner agreedthat , eH'11 if e:::aggerntecl , the claims for "Rapid ShnYe

~~

moisteningbility, as asserted through the "salH1paper :' demonstration , amount

to no more than harmless "pllfling.:: ,Ye CHnnot agree. Pulling "considered to he oiYerec1 and lUJdeTstood as all expression of theseller s opinion only, ,yhich is to be discounted :lS such by the buyerand on ,vhich no reasonable 1111111 would rely.': p'J'()8Ser , Tortsp. 557 (2d ee1. 1D55). Thus , sellers I11f1Y genera)):'.' , thongh not nni'- er-sally, assert that their products are ::good':: " wolldel'fuJ

:' "

dandy/'and the like/:? but. only becH1l8P the use of these a(1jectives is "not. de-signed to afrect the intel)eef' but. is ':merely fin nccepted teelmiqllefor urging the prospect to eJo~~e the deaL:~ Harper and :Mc~ eely,A Synthesis of the Low of i11;8Tepi'e~ent((.tion 22 ~Iinl1. L. Rey. 9391004-1005 (1938). The corollary of this proposition is that. "puffingdot's not. embraee misstatements oJ mnterinl j' ad. ~U, this point thela"\," stt'ps 1n to protect the bnyer. 1:J

Pl1f:1in~:(' l"('fpr~, g-f'I1f'rfllly. to an pxpl"(':-;~ioll of opinion !lot JlIHile as it repl'e-~entntj()ll of fad. , , , "~llile a seller lias ~OlJle 1:lIi l"lHle j II ;' PlltHng hi::; goodsIH.' i:-; nol an U)(Jl"i z!:'ll to mi:':'l"t-'.lJr(,,;":('lIt rl!pl1J or to :ISSirl'll (0 tlH'lIl benefits orvirtueI'; tl1f'~- do not po~;..:e;..:;..:(,'117.1 Oil Corp. Pcli('j'u7 7'J'(ulc(!OIlUlI.issioH, 150F. 211 JOR , TO!) (G,.1. 5),

In this context, the Hrgnnwnt that respondents onlyindnlged in alittle harmless puffing is ob,'iollSly ont of place. They representedll11flllalifiedly, that "Rapid Shnve" will dramatically faeilitnte theehaving of sandpaper and that they were (1enwnstl'ntjng this fact be-

. i'Ol'C a teleyision :1l1c1jenee to prOH' jt. Both oJ t lw~e were fnetna representations; neither is 11'\1('.

);'

12 See, e.

g.,

CaTlay v. Federal1'rade COIIIIIL;8b'io11 153 F. 2d 493 (C.A, 7) ; Prosse/' , Tad/;.~ 90, pp. 557-558 (2d ed., 1955) ; Willil'to'/l Contracts, ~ 1491 (1937 rev, ed'" WJlJlstoJland Thompi'on).

J3 See, e.

g.,

Hogan v. McCombs Bros. 190 Ia. 640, 180 N.W. 770; Foote v. Wi 111-0'11 " 104Kans. 191 , 178 P. 4aO; Cheetham v. Ferreira 73 R.I. 425, 56 A. 20 861.

14 See also, Goodman Federal Trade Colllmis8ion 244 F, 20 58'1 (C.A. 9) ; SteeleDSlainleBB Steel, rllc. V. Federal TTade Commi8,~ion 187 F. 2(1 6D3 (C, A. 7),

15 Hespondcntf; rely on Carla'!J Co, v.

j.'

cd(Tal. Trade Commi.88;.01l , 153 F. 2d 493 (C"A. 7) ;Kideler on Co. v. Federal 'l' radeCo1n11lission 117 F. 2d 892 (C..A. 7) ; and Ostermoor

Co. v. Feeleral Tra.de Commission 16 F. 20 962 (C,A. 2). None I!' In point. In Car/allthe' court found that petitioner s weight-reducing plnD tlctllally was relatively "ensy, " tiSclaimed. In Kidder the COtlrt conclulled that 11 was pprmissible puffing to advertise tlwta lubricant was "perfect" and would- permit a car to run an " aDurzing .distance" wittont

1470 FEDERAL . TRADE COMMISSION DECISIONS

Opinion Gf) F.

VI.

1. Respondent Bates raises seTe.ra.I defenses pertaining to it alone.It suggests, first, that the. Commission is without authority to enteran order against it because it is not engaged in commerce withinthe meaning of the statute. There is no dispute that Bates preparedand plaeed for shmTing, over national Betwork television , these. com-mercials for "Palmohve. Rapid ShaYe/~ a product distribllted in inter-state eomme.rce.I6 In Jight. of the precedents, one can hardly doubtthe Commission s jurisdiction over an enterprise so basic to the flowof goods into the national market. It has heen held , to cite a fewrepresentah\'P examples , that. Commission jurisdiction extends to busi-nesses sellil1~' exclusivelr in intrastate commerce when thev heeomeparticipants in a ('ombination to restrain inteTstate tracle li to regu-lations adopted by n local tobacco hoard of trade for the a Hotmentof sel1ing time to tobac.co ,,' arehouses , since tobac.co auctions are :1n

integral part. of interstate. commerce. in tobaeco: IS to false and mis-

leading represenultions made. in :1n eil'ort to obtain salesmen , becausesuch representations constituted a part, of the preliminary lwgotia-tions leading up to sales in interstate. c.ommerce and could not be:ppnl'nte.d from those snles; I!J and to n widely adverhsed automobilesales financing plan , eyen tho.ugh it related solely to financing intra-state transactions behn"en local dealers and their customers , hec.allse

the plan and its advertising were, an intepTn1 part of a nationa1seheme. of mass prodnction and c1istrihntion.2n The relation of Bate.

to the movement of goods in interstntp commerce is no more tenuous

IIddHional lubricants. These ca8eH do not Inv1lve the kind of fuctlllll distortion presentedhere.

Nor are respondents aided by the languuge In Ostcnnoor concerning puffing.. The court'remllrks on puffing were only general ohsen-ations as to the frDming of aD order, whilerevers' al of the Commj~Hion s on)er was based on immfficiency of the evidence. Respond-ents thus err In construing Ostcnnoor value ::u; a precedent for this case. Furthermore.the interpretatioll whieh J'PSpollflpnt" ur!!e for t' hn t e;l~!" and thO' r1'8111t. fnr which theyeontend here. lire inconsistent with the prevalent. jndicial and actmiuistratlve polley ofrestrietlng, I'll ther than expa ndi ng, so. called pH mng. 'See, , K abntchniclc

".

H nnOVCI'

Elm Billy.. Corp. 3:!S ;\1a"". :Hl, 103 );.E. ::!ct fiB2: Pro8,~e,., 'j'nrt8, ~ DO. j). ;);-;9 (2d I'r1.1955); Williston- Col/trac!;:), ~ 1494, p. 4169 (H)37 rev . ed" Williston and Thompson).

~o Bates has, with coilllllcnda1Jle forthrightness, long since admitted these fllcts. See.l\lotlon by Respondent Ted Bates & Company. Inc, to Dismiss the Complaint as to

It 1.')lon the Ground That the Evidence Adduced Fails To Support the Charges Made Inthe Complaint, " at p. 15,

J7 Fed,era.! Trnlle C01ltmiS8iori v. Cement IlIstIt1ltc, 333 U.S. 683. 695-696.JS Ashevme Tobacco Bom-d of Tradc, Inc. v. Federal Tnule Commission 263 F. 2d' 502,

507-508 (C. .\.. 4).::!o Progre,~8 Tailoring Co. v. Federa.l Trade Comm-i8si. o1t 153 F, 2d 103, 105 (C.A. 7.20 Ford Motor CO. Y. Fedt'ral Trade CO7nmiS8ioll 120 F. :::!d 175, 183 (C.A. 6), cert.

denied. 314 U. S. 668.


1452 Opinion

or less direct than was the corresponding relation in any of the situ-ations mentioned above.

2. Bates argues additional1y that it should not be held responsiblefor the il1egality of the "Rapid Shave" commercials, since it actedmerely as an agent for Colgate-Palmolive in preparing and placing

them. ",Ve find this a curious contention. Bates not only carriedthese commercials to the television network; it originated the ideafor the "sandpa per tests

~'

in the first place.22 ",Ve know of no doctrinethat permits one to eva-de liability for actions for which he is directly responsible as this, regardless of whether he acted solely inhis own interest or also for the benefit of another.23 Bates ' argumentis merely another variation of the. oft-repeated e.ffort to ayoid responsi-bility for a violation of the statute. by shifting it to another. Theseattempts are uniformly nnsllcessfn1. Thus , even though a respond-ent. does not. direct.lv engage in l.ml!nvful actiyity. it mav be held to

. , ~. , . ,

have violated the Act if ji. has provided others with the. means ofdoing SO.2'! Even on an intel'pl'da t ion of the facts highly favorableto Bates, it has done fit least this much. 01' , to cite another instanceif a corporate oflicer has partieipnted in the planning or exeeutionof unfair trade practices by 11:s COl'pOl'a tt', mn~tE'r , t lw status of the.corporation as an indepedent legal entity is no barrier to an orderrunning against him as an inc1ividna1.25 A11 that is necessary toestablish liability in this type of case is that the corporate ofHcer "shown to have had such connection with the wrong as would havemade him an accomplice w'ere it a crime, or a joint tortfeasor , werethe corporation an individual." Feclentl T1'((de 001n1nission. v. Stand-ard Education Soc

y,

86 F. 2d 602 , 695 (C.A. 2), modified , 302 U.112. The facts leave no doubt that Bates' part in the cre.ation anddissemination of the "Rapid Shave" commercials satisfies this test.

3. Bates has suggested that these principles are inapplicable to itbecause it did not know its "sandpaper test" commercials would beheld to be false and misleading, a.nd it therefore did not intentionallyviolate the Act. It is so well settled that there is no necessity to

21 Bates ' relIance 011 Fed,eral Trade Commis8ioft v. Bunte Brothet' , Inc., 312 U. S. 349,

I!' mispl:1cec), There the sole activity involved was the marketIng of a product exclusivelywithin the borden; of a sIngle state. Here reHpondent has prepared and placed advertise-ments knowing that they would be shown nationwIde in the promotIon of a product Bold

ill interstate commerce. 'l' he BIl71te case is thus. not in point.;22 See "MotIon toy Respondent Ted Bates & Company, Inc., supra note 16, at p. 18.

:29 In fact , the general rule seems quite to the contrary. Sec, C. , .J.men catl Law Insti-tute, Restatement of Agency, Second, H 343, 348 , 350 (1958).

;24 See , Federal 'l'rade C01/Lmissi.on v. Winst.ed. Hosiery Co. 258 U, S. 483; C. Howardj-7ullt Pen CO. V. Fedcral 'Prade Commission 197 F. 2d 273 (C.A, 3).

/2:; See, , Federal Trade Commission V. Standard Ed,ll.cation Soc

y,

302 U. S. 112: Cot!-S1/mer Sale,q Corp, v. Felleral Trade Commission, 198 F. 2d 404 (C. A. 2), cert. denied , 344

S. 912: Gelb v. Pelleral Tralle Commission, 144 F. 2d 580 (C. .A. 2) ; Guarantee Vete,"1/ar!l Co.

,.

Fedcral Trade Coll1l11i88'ioll 285 Fed. 8;j3 (C. ,. 2),

1472 FEDERAL TRADE COM1\.lISSION DECISIONS

Opinion 59 F.

prove intent to deceive in establishing a violation of the Act 26 thatthis contention can only be regarded as frivolous.

VII.

We arrive finally at the question of the scope and content of theorder to be issued against Colgate-Palmolive and Ted Bates. I~e-

spondents were apprised of the order proposed by counsel support-ing the complaint as early as :l\farch 20 , 1961

, ""'

hen it was filed withthe Secretary of the Commission. The question was raised and dis-cussed on April 6 , 1961 , in oral argument before the hearing examiner.Counsel for all parties argued the matter in their briefs on appealand the subject was considered again in oral argument before theCommission. Respondents have thus not only had fair notice andample opportunity to make knmvn their views concerning the breadthof the order; they have done so. The Commission has careful1y con-

sidered all of respondents ' views and objections to the form , contentand scope of the proposed order and is fully justified in promulgatingits order "\vithout further delay.

The appropriate scope of the order mnst be determined in the con-

text of the statute and the authoritative precedents. Section 5 of theAct states that " Unfair 17wthods of competition in commerce , andunfair or deceptive acts or practices in commerce, are declared unlaw-ful" (emphasis added). 15 D. C. ~45(a)(1). It empowers theCommission to prevent parties within its jurisdiction " from usingunfair methods of competition in commerce and unfair or deceptiveacts or practices in commerce" (emphasis added) . 15 D. C. S 45 (a)

(G). It further declares that, if the Commission finds that the meth-od of competition or act or practice in question is of the prohibitedsort , it shall issue an order requiring the respondent "to cease and

desist from using such method of competition or such act or practice(emphasis added). 15 U. C. ~ 45 (b). The clear implication of thislanguage-especially in its differentiation between "acts" and "prac-tices is that the Commission s authority to ascertain and preventviolations of the statute extends beyond the unique facts of a given

case to the morc general and significant problem of the "method"of competition or trade "practice" involved.

The cases bear out this interpretation. The courts have given theCommission broad authority to tai10r the rcITledy to the violation

~f\ Spc, fJ. , Ferlerar T1'ade Commission v, A/!Joma Lumber Co., 291 U. S. 67; Koch

Fedcral 7'rrllle COlI/lII iss.i011 , 20G F, 2d 311 (C.),. G) : G;'/n/Jel IlI' OS" I/lc. v, Fellcl"al 7'1'a(/e

Commissio1l l1G F, 2d 578 (C.A, 2) ; L. (t C. JIaye1"s Co. Pelleral 'frade Commission!)7F. 2d365 (C. 2).


1452 Opinion

found.27 The language of the cases , like the statute, has always em-ployed the generic term "practices " and it has frequently been madeclear that the Commission s authority-indeed, its obligation-framing an order extends to the prevention of unfair types or formsof conduct rather than merely iso1ated acts.28 For the reasons setforth below

, -

~ve think the public interest compels the entry of anappropriately broad order here.

This case did not. come to us YHcHum-packed. The violations of lawfound here cannot be treated as isolated , discrete phenomena. As hasalready been noted : the problem 01 deceptiw' television advertising,although recent in origin , is ma);:ing its appe:ll'nnce on the Commis-sion s docket \\'ith increasing frequency. Although most of the caseshave ended in orders based on consent agreements :!9 reciting, as is cus-

toma.ry, that respondents in no wny admit illegality, they nonethelessindicate the prc.valence. and growing seriousness of the. problem. is a prob1em ,'dth which both respondents have had prior expe.rience.Against this factual bnckgrouncl. the Commission ,"ould be derelict. inits duty to protpct the. publie if the order were confined merely to ad-vert.isemc.nts for "Bnpi(l Shave" or to the use of moc.k-ups made of

;r. For I'xnmpJe:If the Commi~:sion is to nttnin the objecti'Ves Congre!"s em' i~ioned, it cnnnot be re-

Cl11ired to contine its rond block to the narrow lane the trnni"gressor hns tran'lf'd ; it musthI: nllowed ejIectin~I~' to cJose all roads to the prohibited goal, so that its order mflY notbe by-passed with impunity. Moreon~r, ' (tllw Com!J\j~~io11 has wille discretion i11 it" cllOic,'01' a remedy deemed adequate to cope with the unlawful practices' disclo!:'ed. Jacob 8ic!le~Co. v. Feflenll T1"o'lde Comm 327 U.S. 608, 611 (1946). Congress placed the primaryresponsibility for fashioning such orders upon the Commii"sion, and Congress expected theComllli~sjon to exprcise a special competence in fomulnting remedies to deal with problemsin the genera! sphere of competiti\'e practices. Therefore we h/l\e s/lid th/lt ' the courtswill not interfere except where the remedy selected has no reasonable relation to thennlnwful prncticN: found to exist.' Id., at 613. Federal. ~J'rade Co1nm'iss-i.on V. Ruberoit/.Co. 343 U. S. 470. 473.

~~

For example:(T)hr Commi!:'sion s power would hI' limitecl incleed if it were restricted to enjoining

unfair ncts of coTilvetitors only as e'Videnced in the past. To be of any value the orderlI1ust proscribe th,~ method of unfair competition as ,,-e11 as the specific acts by which ithns been manifested. In no other wn~' could the Commission fulfill its renH'clial function.J-leri'hey Chocolate COI'

p.

Y. Fec/eral Trade Commisi'-i.on 121 F. 2d 963, 971-972 (C. A. 3).Commission orders are not designed to punii;h for past transgressions, but are designed

ns a means for preventing ' illegal practices in the future. ' Federal Trade Commission l:11heroicl Co ., supra , 34~ 1;.8. at pa;!e -n:~

. . . .

To the enel that the Commission maynehieve that iHlrpose, its orders may prohibit not only the further use of the precice prac-tice founel to have existed in the past, but alw the future use of related al1(l similarprnctices. Nire"k IJI(lu.~t1"ic8, Inc. Y. Fedel' al ')'r(/.c/'e Commissio1/ 278 F. 2d 337. 343IC. A. 7).

~!O J/f'l11/fl/ Co. D. 8JM" ~lay 4, 1961 : Il/miIlH/II Call/pony of AII/cricn D. 773:'1, :\Inrch4, H)(i1: E1.'c1"shal' p, I/lc., D. 7811, Sept. 30, 1!HW Stauc/o1"(l Brands, Inc. D, 7737. June 1,1~()O: Brown ,f Williamson Tobacco Co. D, 7688. Feb, 24 , I!HJO: Max Factor Co.

C. 1328: Adell Chell/. Co., 54 F. C. 1801; American Chicle Co. 54 F. C. 1625;Lanolin Ph/II, Inc. f)4 F. C. 446.

Two cases Co/!lntc-Pal.moli-ue Co., D. 7GGO. 1\larch 9, 1961 : and Hutcllinson ChemicalCorp. 55 F, C. 1942 , hn'Ve been fully litigated before the Commission.

;JO As to ColgatE,- PalmoJive, see Colflatc-PalmoUve Co. D, 7G()O, ~larch 9, 1961. As toTed Bates , see Stcwc/aj'(l lJrn;lCls, I'/lc. D. 7737, Julie 1 , 1960: lJl"OWII. .f 1V-ill-iamson T()-

bacco C(). D. 7GSS, Feu. 24 , 1960.


Findings 59 F.

plexiglass and sand. So narrow a conception of the appropriate scopeof the remedy in this type of case would necessitate a.. separate suit toterminate each of the myriad subtly distinct forms that deceptive de-pictions and demonstrations may take--an intolerable result from thestandpoint of the public interest. Rather, in the face of \Yic1espreadand increasing use of deceptive and unfair advertising practices inte.1evision 31 we. are "obliged not only to suppress the unlawful practicebut to take such reasonable action as is ca..lc.ulated to preclude therevival of the illegal practices. FedeJ'Cfl Trade CO?n1ni8Sion v. Na-tional Lead 00. 352 S. ~1l9 , 430. \Ve can achieve this end simplyby following the ,yords of the statute and banning repetition of the.practice" found unlawful. That is a IHUTO\Ver and more limiteel

prohibition than the Supreme. Court has a lrendy upheld in affirmingthe Commission s authority, '; as a prophylactic and preventive meas-ure " to enjoin not. only the. practjees found to be. violations but alsoother "like and relatccF practices. Fedeml TJYtde OO?n1n2~8sion

illa-ndel 131'08. , Inc. 359lT. S. 385 , 393.\Ve conclude that the order cannot be confined to a single product

or a single means of deception. \Ve think , ho\,ever, that counsel sup-porting the. complaint ask for too much when they seek , in addition toa ban against false and deceptive depictions and demonstrations, aprohibition against " CmJisrepresenting in any manner the quality ormerits of any

. .

. product. " 32 So broad and indefinite a command\voulcl be most difIicult. to obey, even in the best of faith , and it willbe omitted from the order. \Ve think a more narrow and specific pro-hibition should suffice here. Accordingly, our order will-in additionto the provisions already discussed-prohibit, in general , the misrep-resentation of the quality or merit.s of "Rapid Shave " or any other

shaving cream.

In sum , we have carefully considered the form , scope, and contentof the order and are fuUy satisfied that it is fa..ir and reasonable, nec-essary and appropriate to prevent recurrence of the illegal practicesfO1md , sufficiently specific and concrete to permit ready complianceand no broader than protection of the public requires.

In addition to the findings of fact and conclusions stated in itsopinion , the, Commission adopts the following:

FINDINGS OF FACT

1. Respondent Colgate-Pa.lmolive Company is a corporation, or-

ganized , existing, and doing busine&") lInder and by virtue of the hL\YS

131 Besides the many that have come to our Rttentlon as the result of appllcatloDiY forcomplaints and our own investigations, we are informed by counsel' for respondents: thatIlse of mock-ups in television commercials, apparently indiscriminately, is common practice.

:\:! "

Proposed Findings , Conclusion:; Hnd Order" of Counsel Supporting the Complaint.

FEDERAL TRADE COMMISSION DECISIONS 1475

1452 Findings

of the State of Delaware, with its principal office and place of businesslocated at 300 Park A venne., New York , New York.

2. Respondent Ted Bates & Company, Inc., is a corporation , or-

ganized, existing and doing business under and by virtue of the lawsof the State of New York, with its principal office and place of busi-ness located at 666 Fifth Ayenue , Ne.'y York , New York.

3. Respondent Colgate-Palmolive Company is now , and for sometime la..st past. has been engaged in the manufacture, advertising,

offering for sale., sale., and distribution of a shaving cream designatedPa.1molive Hapid Shave':' and various other proc1ncts~ to distributors

and to retailers for resale to the public.4. In the course and conduct of its business , respondent Colgate-

Palmolive Company now eauses , and for some time last past has causedits "Palmolive Rapid Shave" when sold , to be shipped from its fac-tories or plants in the various states of the United States to purchaserslocated in various other states of the United States and in the Districtof Columbia, and maintains, and at all times relevant has maintaineda substantial course of trade in "Palmolive Rapid Shave/' in com-

merce, as "commerce" is defined in the Federal Trade CommissionAct.

5. In the course and conduct of its business, at all times relevantrespondent Colgate-Palmolive Company has been in substantial com-petition in commerce with corporations, firms , and individuals in thesale of shaving cream.

6. Respondent Ted Bates & Company, Inc. , is now , and for some

time last past has been , an advertising agency of respondent Colgate-Palmolive Company, and now prepares and places, for some time lastpast has prepared and placed , for publication , advertising materialincluding television commercials but not limited to those describedbelow , to promote the sale of "Palmolive Rapid Shave" and otherproducts.7. On behalf of respondent Colgate-Palmolive Compa-ny, respond-

ent Ted Bates & Compa-ny, Inc. , originated , prepared , and pJaced , fol'

showing over national network television , television commercials deal-ing with "Palmolive Rapid Shave " which commercials were shown

over a nationwide television network durjng the latter part of 1959

and also over a number of local television stations throughout theUnited States, in connection with the advertising, ofl'ering for salesale, and distribution of "Palmolive R,apid Shave" in eomnlerce.

8. Respondents, by means of these television commercials, haverepresented directly or by implication , that the ';moistnrizing" action

of "Palmolive Rapid Shave is s11ch that. by application of thatproduct to the surface of very coarse, dry sandpaper it. is possible

69X-490--64----


Conclusions 59 F.

immediately thereafter to shave off the rough surface of the sand pa perwith a single stroke, and that this demonstration proves the "moistur-izing" properties of "Palmolive Rapid Shave.

V. vVhat was represented to be sandpaper in these television com-mercials was in reality a "mock-up" composed of plexiglass to whichsand had been applied , especial1y made for use in the demonstrationsdepicted in these commercials , and was not in fact sandpaper.

10. The visual appearance of the purported sandpaper , which wasactually a "mock-up," as wel1 as the accompanying commentary, inthese "Palmolive Rapid Shave" commercials create the impression thatthe viewer is observing the sha,~ing of a very coarsely textured sand-paper, most closely resembling the type of sandpaper commonly de-nominated "extra coarse.

11. These commercials clearly convey the impression that verycoarse pieces of sandpaper are actually being shayed with a singlestroke , during the demonstrations depicted , immediately after applica-tion of "Pahnolive Rapid Shave" to their dry surfaces.

12. Sandpaper of the variety apparently depicted in these commer-cials cannot successfully be shaved immediately after application ofPalmolive Rapid Shave" to its surface, even with a number of strokes

under heavy pressure; sandpaper of the variety apparently depictedin these commercials cannot successfully be shaved within one to threeminutes after application of "Palmolive Rapid Shave " even ,vith anumber of strokes under heavy pressure; no piece of sandpaper of thevariety apparently depicted in these commercials that appears in therecord has been shaved genuinely clean , as the television "mock-upwas , regardless of the interval allowed after application of "PalmoliveRapid Shave;" one reason why real sandpaper was not used in thePalmolive Rapid Shave" commercials was that it required too long

a soaking period before effective shaving was possible.

CONCLUSIONS

1. The Federal Trade Commission has jurisdiction of the subjectmatter of this proceeding and of the respondents.

2. The. television commercials described above are false , misleading,nnddeceptive

, '

within the meaning of the I~ ec1eral Trade Commission

Act., in that they represent that the "moisturizing" properties ofPalmolive Rapid Shave" are such that it is possibJe. immediatelyafter application of "Palmolive Rapid Shaye" to yery coarse , drysandpaper to shaTe off the, rough surface of t hn t sandpaper with asingle stroke, when this is not in fact possible., and that. sandpaper ofthe variety depicted is actually being shayec1 in the manner depictedin the televised demonstrations, when in reality the thing being shaved


1452 Order

is a "mock-up" composed of plexiglass to which sand has been appliedespecially made for use in the demonstrations depicted in thesecommercials.

3. The use by respondents of the aforesaid false, misleading, anddeceptive representations has had , and now has, the capacity andtendency to mislead members of the purchasing public into the erro-neous and mistaken belief that those representations were and are trueand into the purchase of substantial quantities of "Palmolive RapidShave" by reason of such erroneous and mistaken belief. As a con-sequence , substantial trade in commerce has been , and may be , unfairlydiverted to respondent Colgate-Palmolive Company from its competi-tors, and substantial injury has thereby been done , and may be done , tocompetition in commerce.

4. The aforesaid acts and practices of the respondents have beenand may be , to the prejudice and injury of the public and of respond-ent. Colgate-Palmolive s competitors , and constituted , and continue toconstitute, unfair and deceptive acts and practices and unfair methodsof competition , in commerce, within the intent and meaning of theFederal Trade Commission Act.

5. In the discharge of the Commission s obligation to preserve com-petition and protect the public against false, deceptive, or unfairadvertising practices of the type here fmmd to be unla. wiul, it isnecessary to prohibit respondents, in advertising not only "PalmoliveRapid Shave" but any other product , from further use of representa-tions, by pictures , depictions , or demonstrations, either alone or ac-companied by oral or written statements , that do not genuinely repre-sent "hat they purport to represent and do not prove what theypurport to prove above the quality or merits of a product.

J n accordance with is findings of fact , opinion , and conclusions oflaw , the Commission hereby promulgates the following:

FIN AL ORDER

ft is opde1' That respondents Colgate-Palmolive Company, acorporation , and its officers , and Ted Bates &. Company, Inc. , a corpo-ration , and its officers, and the agents , representatives , and employees

of respondents, directly or through any corporate or other device , inthe advertising, offering for sale , sale , or distribution of shaving creamor any other product , in commerce , as "commerce" is defined in theFederal Trade Commission Act, do forthwith cease and desist from:

Representing, directly or by implication , in describing, explaining,or purporting to prove the quality or merits of any product , thatpictures , depictions, or demonstrations , either alone or accompaniedby oral or written statements , are genuine or accurate representations

1478 FEDERAL TRADE COMMISSI())N' DECISIONS

Order 59 F.

depictions, or demonstrations of, or provet.he quality or merits of, anyproduct, when such pictures, depictions, or demonstrations are notin fact genuine or accurate representations, depictions, or denlonstra-tions of, or do not prove the quality or merits of, any such product.

And furthpp. in the advertising, ofl'ering for sale, sale, or distribu-tion of "Palmolive Rapid Shave " or any other shaving cream , in

commerce., as "commerce" is defined in the Federal Trade CommissionAct, from:

:Misrepresenting, in any manner, directly or by implication, thequality or merits of any such product.

1 t is f'urthe1' orde1' That respondents , Colgate- Palmoli ve Com-pany and Ted Bates & Company, Inc., sha11 , within sixty (60) daysafter service upon them of this order, file with the Commission are,port, in writing, setting forth in detail the manner and form inwhich they have. complied with the order to cease and desist.

INTERLOCUTORY ORDERS, ETC.

UNION CARBIDE CORPORATION

Docket 6826. Order, Jul' , 1961

Order denying respondent' s motion to file brief in reply to answering brief ofcomplaint counsel.

Counsel for respondent by oral motion to the Commission on June, 1961 , having requested leave to file a brief in reply to the answer-

ing brief of counsel supporting the complaint; andThe Commission having duly considered said request:It 'is ordc1'erl That the motion of respondent for leave to file a reply

brief be , and it hereby is, denied.Commissioner Elman dissents from the de.cision of the Commission

and is of the opinion that respondent should be granted leave to filea reply brief with leave to counsel supporting the complaint to file nswer thereto.

SIDNEY J. KREISS , INC. , ET AL.Docket i261,. Order and Opinion, July 10 1961

Order , with opinion , denying motion for modification of desist order of May 19,1960, 56 F. C. 1421 , to permit use of trade names of fashion designers inconnection with sale of hosiery.

OPINION OF THE COMMISSION

In a petition filed ~farch 22 , 1961 , respondents in this proceedingrequest that the Comm.ission add a provision to its order to cease anddesist permitting respondellts under circumstances designated in suchmotion to use the trademarks or trade names of certain fashion de-signers in connection with their sale of hosiery or, in the alternativethat the order be. set aside and that respondents be given an opportu-nity to be heard on this issue. Counsel supporting the complainthas filed an answer in opposition thereto.

As grounds for their motion , respondents contend , in substance, (1)that there was no express finding nor is there any evidence to support afinding that the use of said trademarks or trade names, alone andwithout further wording, constitutes a representation which is in vio-lation of the Federal Trade Commission Act, and (2) that industrypractice, demonst-rates that the use of said trademarks or trade names

1479


does not, by implication, represent that the hosiery bearing these

trademarks was designed and created by the persons whose namesconstitute the trademarks.The Commission s decision issued in this proceeding on ~fay 19

1960, and the order to cease and desist has become final by operationof Section 5(g) (1) of that Act. Such order requires respondents tocease representing directly and by implication that their hosiery hasbeen created , designed , sty led or manufactured by anyone other thanthe respondents or the person who actually did create, design , style ormanufacture such hosiery. This order is based on evidence whichshows that respondents engaged in the practices of representing thattheir hosiery was created , designed or sty led by certain fashion de-c;igners and that such representations are false. and misleading.

It is well settled that the Commission may frame its order broadlyenough to prohibit an unfair practice, in any form. The require-ment. of the order, among othe.r things , that, respondents cease usingthe trademarks of fashion desigl1ers in the sale of their hosiery "with-out appropriate qualification or disclosure ' is necessary to achieve.that purpose.

Respondents, in the motion presently before. us, do not. contendthat their hosiery is now designed , created or styled by the fashi011designers whose trademarks they desire to use nor have. they made anyattempt to show that the use of said trademarks without further ,vorcl-ing would not have a tendency and capacity to deceive. Their prin-cipal argument in this connection , that it is the practice in the hosieryindustry to U80 the trademarks of fashion designers , provides no justi-fication ' for modification of an order so as to permit respondents toengage in a. sales practice shown to he unlawfu1. l\forr.over, respond-ents make no showing that hosiery sold by other me.mbe.rs of the in-dustry which bears the trademad\:s of fashion designers, is not in fa.ctdesigned , created or styled by said designeTs.

Under the circumstances, we c.onclude that the respondents havenot made the requisite showing of a change. in condition of fact. or oflaw nor have they demonstrated a probability that the public interestrequires the action requested.

Respondents have made a request for oral argument, but it appe.arsthat the briefs are entirely adequate to fuHy advise the Commissionas to the matters in issue and that no useful purpose would be seryedthereby.

The Commission having determined- thnt respondents ' motion pro-vides no basis for reopening the proeeed lng, sa id mot.Jon must there-fore be denied.

INTERLOCUTORY ORDERS, ETC. 1481

ORDER

This matter having been hea.rd on respondents ' motion filed on~farch 22, 1961, requesting modification of the order to cease anddesist contained in the initial decision , as adopted by the COlTIlnission

on Nlay 19 , 1960, and requesting oral arglUl1ent, and upon the answerin opposition to the motion filed by collnsel supporting the complaint;andThe Commission having eonc.1uded, for the reasons stated in its

accompanying opinion , that respondents : motion does not constitute asufficient showing as contemplated under Section 5 of the FederalTrade Commission Act that conditions of fact or la"\y may have. changed as to justify the action requested , or that the public interest.so reqUIres:

ft is 01'dered That respondents ' motion filed on :March 22 , 1961 , andrequest for oral argument be, and they hereby are, denied.

DIA~IO~D CRYSTAL SALT CO.

Docket 7323. 01"de1", July , 1961

Order moclifying desist order of Feb. 4 , IDGO , ;'if) r. C. S18.

The responde.nt having filed a petition on June 7~ 1961 , which re-quests that the Commission approve the respondent's proposed pur-chase of certain package manufactllring machinery and patents at-tendant thereto , the land and building housing such machinery, andthe existing inventory now owned by three affiliated eompanies knownas Unit-Packet Col1)oration , Packet Products Corporation and I-Ioag-Russell Company, which concerns have been engaged in the sale salt in small packets desibrned for use as individual servings; and

The Commission having issued its decision in this proceeding onFebruary 4,. 1960 , containing its order to divest and to cease ancldesistwhich order, among other things , prohibits the respondent from ac-quiring any time during the succeeding ten years the assets or share

capital of any corporation in commerce and engaged in the businessof producing and/or distributing sa.1t; and the Commission havingaccordingly determined that respondent's petition should be treatedusa request that the order be duly modified to exclude the above pur-chase from its purview; and

It appearing from tJ1e facts stated in the petition a.nd in the answerfiled by counsel supporting the complaint, which joins in the request.thatt.hepetition be granted , that there is no .reasonable probability thatany of the anticompetitive eti'ects proscribed by the relevant statutewi11 result from the proposed purchase, and the Commission havingfurther determined that the public inU~rest J10W requires that this


proceeding be reopened sole.Iy for the purpose of altering and modify-ing the order so that it shall not prohibit the respondent from effec-

tuating such -acquisition:I t

~~

ordered That this proeeeding be, and it hereby is, reopenedand that paragraph 4 of the order to divest and to cease and desist beand it hereby is, modified to read as fol1ows

( 4) f t -is f7.l1'the1' orde' red That for a period of ten years from Feb-ruary 4, 1960, the respondent shaH cease and desist from acquiring,directly or indirectly, through subsidiaries or otherwise, by mergereonsolidation , or purchase, the physical assets, stock , share capital ofor any 'othe-r interest in any corporation , in commerce, eng'aged in thebusiness of producing and/or distributing salt in any form , specificaHyincluding salt ina dry state produced by any dry mining method, orproduced by any evaporation met hod , and salt in brine; provided , ho\\-ever, that the responc1e.nt shall not be prohibited hereby from efl'e.ctu-

ating the propose.d purchase of the assets referred to in the. first para-graph of the Commission s order ruling on the petition filed by there.spondent on tTune 7 1961.

T. &. H. STOLO\V, INC. , ET AL.

Docket "l5(J!I, Order, Au!/. S, 1961

Order on recommendation of hearing exmniner , granting respondents ' request toamend desist order of Dec. In, In:)!) , ;')6 F. C. Wi-

!'

and ~ubstituting modified

order.

This proceeding having been reopened and the matter referred to ahearing examiner for the purpose of reeeiving evidenee in support ofand in opposition to the respondents request for modification of the

consent order to eease and desist contained in t.he hearing examinerinitial decision , filed November 3 , 1959 , ,,-hich de.cision became thedecision of the Commission on Dece.mbe.r 19 , 1959; and

The Commission having considered the evidence received and havingdetermined that the recommendation of the hearing examiner to grantrespondents ' request to amend the eease and desist order is justified andshould be adopted and that respondents : alternative request to rescindthe order should be denied:

f t is oTde'i' That l'espondents request for a. modified order madein their motion of October 12 , 1960 , be, and it hereby is , granted.

It is further onle1'erl That respondents alternative request that theConsent Order be rescinded made in their Illotion of October 12 , 1960

, and it hereby is , denied.f t ~~8 f7.lrther onlered That the hearing examiner s initial decision,

filed Novembe-r 5, 1959 , and the. Commission s decision adopting itissue.d D-ecember 18 , 1959 , be, and they hereby are , modified by striking


the order eontained 1n such initial decision and substituting thereforthe following:

ORDER

ft is onlered That respondents , J. & 1-1. Stolow , Inc. , a corporationand its officers, and Julius Stolow , individually and as an officer ofsaid corporation, and respondents ' representatives , agents and em-ployees , directly or through any corporate or other device., in connec-tion with the sale of postage or other stamps or of adhesive labelshaving the appearance of postage stamps , in commerce , as "commerceis defined in the. Federal Trade Commission Act, do forthwith eease.and desist from:

1. Representing that stamps and adhesive labels ha ying the appear-ance of postage stamps are valid stamps , unless sueh stamps and labelsare, or were , va1id for the payment of some type of internal or externalmail service, or were produced under the authority of authorized oiE-cials of a recognized or existing government.

2. In eonnection "ith the advertising and offering for sale of specificstamps or adhesive labels failing to reveal:

(a) That such stamps or Jabels are not. Y:1 lid for or were not issuedfor postal use , or were not lssuecl by a gm-ernmen1 reeognizec1 by theUnited States , "",hen such aTe the facts.

(b) Clearly and conspicuously in achel'tising thnt nothing therein isto be construed as a representation that the stamps offered are pres-ently valid for postal use , or that they are stamps issued by a. govern-ment recognized by the Uniteel States.

Th1s orcle,r shall not apply to111stitutionnJ or other advertising whichdoes not offer for sale any specific stamp or stamps.

It is f~lrther ordered That the respondents herein shaJI , within sixty(60) days after service upon them of th1s order , file with the Commis-sion a report, in writing, setting forth in detail the manner and formin which they have complied with the modified order to cease and desist.

I(EEN FRUIT CORPORATION

Docket 7918. Order . Aug. 10 1961

Order reopening the record and modifying the consent agreement and initialdecision by inclusion tberein of the "stipulation" below set fortb.

Counsel for respondent by mot1on filed .July 25, 1961 , having re-quested that eerta.in material included in said motion and referred toas a "St1pulation " be made a part of the re(',ord in th1s proceeding, andcounsel supporting the complaint having, in effect, joined in said mo-tion by urging that it receive prompt and cons1derate attention; and

The Commission having heard and considered said l'eqne.st. and ha\'-

1484 FEDERAL TRADE COMMISSIO1\ DECISIO1\S

jng determined that the public interest requires alteration of the recordin the manner requested:

It is ordered That this proceeding be, and it hereby is , reopenedand that the rE:'cord be , and it hereby is , altered and modified by theinclusion therein of the follmving "Stipulation ': as a part of the c.onsentagreement and initial decision.L..

PARAGRAPH 1. Respondent has expresserl its wi))ingness to enterinto a consent agreement directed toward the entry by the Commissionof n cease and desist order herein , provided: (a) that the present stipu-lation is incorporated in and made a part of said consent agreement;(b) that it is agreed that the intent of the pnrt,jes hereto is that saidcease and desist order shaH be limited in its application to the specificact and practices set forth in paragraph hro, below , and construedto cover only said ncts and practices.

P AU. 2. The specific acts and praetiees complnined of by the Com-mission in its complaint issued he.rein on June. 3 , 1960 , are as follows:

First: Sales of fresh citrus fruit by respondent to direct buye.rsother than brokers, and the al)O\vanee. or payment of a brokerage orcommission , or a discount in lieu thereof , on snch sales.

Second: Sales of fresh citrus fruit by respondent to brokers and thelJowance or payment of a brokerage or commission , or a discount in

lie.u thereof, on such sales. These practices include:(a) Instances where such allo,vance.s or payme.nts are separately

made by check, or otherwise; or(b) Instances where the broker deducts said brokerage , c.ommission

or allowance from the invoice priee be.-1'o1'e remitting pnyme.nt there-

for; or

(c) Instances where such allownnces or pa~'ments are deducted fromthe sale price and the broker is given a net billing reflecting suchbrokerage or commission.

PAR. 3. K othing herein eontained shall be construp.d ns prohibit-ing the intlustry trade practiee custom anc111sage of respondent givingor aIlo'wing other bonc1, fide Florida fresh citrus fruit packers andshippers inter-packing house diseounts or making inter-changes offruit with such packers and shippers. This paragraph is intended tobe applicable only to those packers and shippers ,,-ho are regularlyengage.d in the business of packing fresh cit1'lIs :frni t..PAR. 4. The present stipulation shall (a) become a part of the

consent agreement herein , and shall be and remn.in a. part thereof and(b) shall be conclusive and binding upon the parties hereto for allpurposes to the same extent and effect as the consent agreement en-tered into herein.


f tis fu,Tthe.'J' ordered That respondent herein shan , within sixty (60)days after service upon it of this order, file with the Commission areport in writing setting forth in detail the manner and form in which11. has complied with the order to cease and desist.

BERNARD LO~TE ENTERPRISES , INC. , ET AL.

Docket 761'

ATLANTIC RECORDING CORPORATION, ET AL.

Docket ,11

VEE- TA Y RECORDS, INC. , ET AL.

Docket 7'/'

A~I-PAR RECORD CORP. , ET AL.

Docket 7778

CARLTON RECORD CORPORATION , ET AL.

Docket 025

Ordcr. D(et:mlJ(T , l!J(jl

'Order denying reOlH'8t by nnde .t~~(lcia tiun for Ita \"e to in tt'ryene as amicusr/!.' r;ae in pn ~'ola ea ses,

American Record l\lanufac.tnrers and Distributors Association , bypetition filed November 13 , 19G1 , having requested leave to interveneas a1nic'lls C1tr2:a.e in the above proceedings and to file a brief andpartie-irate in oral argument in the petit,ions to reopen the proceedingsrInd set aside the decisions and orders filed therein; andThe Commission having determined t.hat in an the c.ire.nmstances

he request for leave. to interveneas G'lnt:C1tS curiae in this matter .hasnot been justified:

It 'is ordered That the petition of Americftn Record :Manufacturers~J1d Distributors Association for leave to intervene in these proc.eed-ings as a.1nicus curiae , and it hereby is , denied.

By the Commjssioll , Commissioner Elman dissenting.

Orders. witb opinions, denying respondents' petitions tu reopen' and set asidede~ist orders of Jnne 1. 1960. in pfly01a cases. fI() F. C. 11J 5. 134J , J523;57 P. C. 316, 4f'iS,

Counsel for respondents by petitions filed Con dates given in foot-noteJ . . . having requested the Commission to reopen these proceed-


ings and set aside the orders to cease and desist issued l\1:uch 24 , 1960and the opportunity to orally argue said requests,'i' and

The Commission having duly considered said requests and the op-position thereto filed by counsel supporting the complaint, andhaving determined that there has been no showing made from whichthe Commission might conclude that changed conditions of fact orlaw or the public interest require reopening these matters for the pur-pose of setting aside the orders to cease and desist:

1 t is o')'(le'l'ed That. respondents~ petitions and requests for oralargument be, and they hereby are , de.nied.

By the Commission , Commissioner Elman dissenting.Commissioner EL:i\L\N , dissenting:I find myself unable to coneur in the disposition of these. five "pay-

ola ,~ eases,

In 1959 and 1960 the Commission issued over 100 "payola:: c.Olll-

plaints, the great majority of \\'hich- inc.111d ing these five-were dis-posed of by entry of consent orders. ~-\ 8n1(111 number, ho,yever,yere. contested. On September 1:3, 1960, Congress enacted Public.La'y 86-752 (74 Stat. 895 47 n. c. 317) which amended the Com-munications Act of 1934 so as make failure to disclose the factsof sueh "payola

~~

transactions a criminal oH'ense. Si!1re that amend-ment. eonstitutecl an efl'ective and suftieie.nt. deterrent against futureviolations, the Commission col1elnded that Iurt her prosecution ofpayola" cases was unnecessary and not in the public. interest. Ac-

cordingly, it. dismissed the. eontested " payola~~ complaints t.hat werestill pending.

By their l'f'(lUrsts here the respondents are merely asking to be puton the same basis as their competitors , with respect to ",hom theCommission dismissed charges , without. resolving their merits , solelybecause of the intervening enactment of Public. Law S6-752. Theserespondents, also, have never been found to have violated the Jawas alleged in the complaints. The consent on~ers to ,,'hich they agreedcontain the standard reeitals that. they are. "for settlement. purposesonly nnd do not. eonstitute admissions that the la w has been violated,These respondents have filed compliance reports and , so fnr as ap-pe,ars. are obeying the law. If , as to their competitors , the stntuteisa sufficient restraint against re.sumpt ion of "payol n ': praetieps , as theCommission has already decided , it is also n. sufficient. restraint as tothese respondents. Refusal to vacate the. consent orders ag-a inst therespondents penalizes them , in effed, for havil1~! ('oaperated with the

"'Petitions were filed by the various respondents on the foJJowiu/! d'ate~: BNnnrrl LoweEnterprIses, Inc., et aI.. D. 7673. on Oct, 31: Atlantic Recorrling Corp.. et aI., D. 7711,and Vee-Jay RecordS'. Inc.. et a1., D. 7767. on Nov. 2. and Am-Par Record Corp.. et a1.,D. 7778. on Sept. 27. Carlton R-ecord Corp., et aI., D. 7825, filed a Jetter on Sept. 27which was treated as a motion,

Requests for oral argument were made by the first three re!'lpolldent~.


Commission. The denial of relief here brings about a disparate andinequitable treatment of competitors which , in jny opinion , is neitherrequired by law nor justifiable in the public interest.

THE QUAKER OATS CO~1PANYDocket 8112 Onler, December , 1961

Interlocutory order directing issuance of supplemental complaint

This mfltter having been heard upon an inte-rlocutory appeal filed bycounsel supporting the complaint, alleging error by the hearing exam-iner in refusing to certify to the Commission a. request that the com-plaint be amended by the addition of an allegation that the respondenthas violated Section 5 of the Federal Trade Commission Act, andupon the respondent' s answer in opposition thereto; and

It appearing that the complaint now charges the respondent withhaving violated Section 2(a) of the amended Clayton Act and that theproposed amendment is thus not ,vithin the scope of the proceedinginitiated by the. original complaint; and

1 t further appearing that in the circumstances the request foramendment presented a matter wholly outside the authority of thehearing examiner to consider but peculiarly within the administrativediscretion of the Commission to determine , and that. the hearingexaminer s refusal to certify it to the Commission for such deter-mination was clearly erroneous; and'

The Commission having treated the matter as though it had beenproperly certified and having found upon its consideration of all in-formation available to it that it has "reason to believe" that therespondent has violated Section 5 of the Federal Trade CommissionAct by selling oat flour at below cost or unreasonably low prices, andhaving determined that the issuance of an amended and supplementalcomplaint incorporating an appropriate charge in this respect is re-quired in the public interest; and having given due consideration tothe form of such complaint:

It is oTdered That the appeal of counsel supporting the complaintfrom the hearing examiner s ruling be, and it hereby is , granted.

I t is further onlered That the amended and supplemental complaintof the Commission issue herewith and be served upon the respondentThe Quaker Oats Company.

1 t is furtheT ordered That the evidence heretofore introduced insupport of and in opposition to the original complaint shall have thesame force. and efi'ect as though received at hearings under the com-plaint, as amended and supplemented, this action being withoutprejudice to the hearing examiner s authority and duty to rule uponthe merits of any motion which may be filed requesting opportunityto further cross-examine. v, itnesses heretofore appearing in the pro-


ceeding or to take such further action as may be appropriate to protectany of the respondent' s rights.By the Commission , Commissioner Elman dissenting to the pro-

mulgation of the order in its present form.

A~1ERICAN CYANA!1ID C01IPANY ET AL.

Docket ,211. 01"de1' , Dec. 20, 1961

Interlocutory order dellying motions to disqualify Commissioner from partici-pn ting in appeal from initial decision.

All of the respondents in this proceeding have individually pre-sented motions requesting the COl11111ission to disqualify CommissionerDixon from participating in the appeal from the Initial Decision ofthe hearing examiner. These motions , filed under SecUon 7 (a) of theAdministrative Procedure Act, 5 U. C. S 1006(a), are based on analleged prejudgment of the issues of fact and law to be presented inthe appeal.

Section 7 (a) of the Administrative Procedure Act clearly empowersthe Commission to determine whether a presiding officer conducting ahearing" on behalf of the COl11111ission is subject to "personal bias or

disqualification. It is less clear that it was meant to apply to par-ticipation of individual agency members in final or appellate deter-minations. The inquiry called for by a motion for disqualificationis necessarily subjective in nature. It is extremely difficult and delicatefor a tribunal to assume the responsibility of weighing, objectively,the ability of one of its own members to make an objective judgmentin a case. Further , the existence of such a power to disqualify carrieswith it an inherent danger of abuse, as a potential instrument forsuppression of dissent.Under the Commission s practice., disqualification is treated as

matter primarily for determination by the individual member con-cerned , resting within the exercise of his sound and responsible dis-cretion. The Commission believes this practice to be proper andconsistent with the law. In the instant proceeding, no basis fordeparting from the normal practice has been shown.

It is ordered therefore, that respondents ' motions be , and theyhereby are , denied.By the Commission , Commissioner Dixon not participating.

STIPULA TIONS

DIGEST OF STIPULATIONS EFFECTED AND HANDLEDTI-IROUGI-I THE CO)Ij\IISSION'S DIVISION OF STIPULA-TIONS

9-:1:52. Books-Collection Forms Simulating' Legal Pl'ocess, - The Pu lishers Agency, Inc. , a Pe11J1sylvania corporation with principal placeof business in Philadelphia, Pa. , agreed that in connection with the eol-lection of accounts in commerce, it ,-rill forthwith cense and desist from:

(1) Using forms 01' other materials entitled " X otice of Draft forJudgment:' or " Notice of Draft for Suit" or \\"hich otherwise simulatelegal process; or representing in any other manner the leg-'ll proceed-ings ha'"e. been instituted when such is not the fact.

(2) Representing, directly or by implication , that forms or othel'material emanate from any source other than the aforesaid corporationwhen such is not the fact. (6123683 , July 6 , 1961.)

9453. "Filter-Matic" Water Conditioning' Device-Unique Nature , Effec-tiveness and Guarantees.- Tec.hno Engineering andl\Ifg. Co. , and Im-perial \Yater Softener :Mfg. Co. , Illinois corporations with offices atCicero, Ill. , SvelTe ~Ioe))er an officer of both and .J ohn P. O'Brienofficer of Imperial agreed that in connection ,,'ith the offer for salesale and distribution in corrmlerce of the device now desigl1ated theFilter-~Iatic" or any other product of substantially the same con-

struction , they, and each of them , win forthwith cease and desist fromrepresenting, directly or by implication:

(1) Through use of the Yfords "purifier

" "

purificab on " or any otherwords or phrases of similar import to describe the effect of treatmentby such device or in any other manner that such device has any efl'ectin the removal or destruction of bacteria in water;

(2) That the device operates as an electric catalyst or otherwiserepresenting that the device operates in any manner not. in accordancewith the facts; or

(3) That the device is guaranteed unless the nature and extent

the guarantee and the manner in which the guarantor win performthereunder are clearly and eonspicnously di~c.losec1. (59:23711 , .July 1:3,

1961. )

9459. Clocks- Jeweled" Guarantees

, "

Chrome , Value. ~L Lmy , Inc..a Ne" York corporation with its principal place. of business located

1489


in New York, N. , and Jack Low and Charles L. Low, its officers

agreed that in connection with the offer and sale of cloe-Irs, or any otherproducts, in commere-e , they, and each of them , will forthwith ceaseand desist from:

(1) Representing, directly or by implication , that clocks or othertiming devices are jeweled or contain je.\\"eled movements , unless saiddevices contain at least seven jewels each of which serves a mechanicalpurpose as a frictional bearing;

(2) R.epresenting, directly or by implication, that any product isguaranteed unless the nature and extent of the guarantee and the man-ner in which the guarantor will perform thereunder are clearly andconspicuously disclosed;

(3) Using the term "chrome '; or "brass" to designate chromium-plated or brass-plateel articles unless the term is qualified to show thatthe articles are plated;

(4) Representing, directly or by implication , that an article com-pares in value to merchandise selling at higher prices when the articleused for comparison is not of like grade and quality in all materialrespects. (6023158

, ~

uly 13 , 1961.)9455. Automatic Poultry Equipment-Dealer Being Manufacturer; Size

of Business, Automatic PO1lltry Feeder, a ~Iichigan corporation withplace of business at Zeeland , :l\Iic.h. , and Jack 1-1. De ,Vitt , Richard A.De ,Vitt and Robert Formsma. its ofHcers , agreed that , in connection\"ith the offer and sale of automatic poultr~1 eCluipment or any otherproduct in commerce. they, and each of them, will forth,yith cease t~11c1

desist from representing directly or by impl ication :(1) Through use of the word "manufacturers" or any other word

of similar import , or in any other manner that said corporation is themanufacturer of any products sold by it unless and until it actualJyowns and operates or directly and absoll1tely controls the manufac-turing plant wherein said products are manufactured;

(2) That said corporation is the largest manufacturer of automaticpoultry equipment in the \yorlel, or otherwise representing the cor-poration s size of volume of business in any manner not in accordance\"ith the facts. (6023809

, .

Tuly 13 1061.)94;"5G. Men s Suits- Direct From Factory

, "

Hand Tailol'ec1" Cranes-~InTos Clot.lws , Inc. , n Deb,,- :ue, corpor:1tion ,,- ith place of bnsine.in New York City, and .Jules Cohen , its ofliceL :1g-rt'('cl that in con-

nection "ith the offer and sale. in commerce o-f men s snits or otherproducts, they, and each of the111 : ",i)) fortlnvith cease. :111(\ c1esi8t. from:

(1) Hepresenting, through use, of the ,':onb '; nin":' .t Jrom Factoryto You" or in any other manner , that th' OJ' either of them , manu-facture the merchandise. sold by them , proviclNl hm"cvC'l' , that nothingherein conta.inec1 shall prohibit a representation that the men s snit-')

STIPULATIONS 1491

and other products sold by them are cut to their own specifications ontheir own premises, when such is the fact.

(2) He-presenting that suits sold by them are hand tailored, or

othenvise representing the work performed thereon in any manner notin accordance ,yith the facts. (6023978 , July 13 , 1961.)

9457. L u bl'icating Oil- N ol1disc1osure of Prior Use and Standards Con-:fol'ma~lce. Royal :\Ianllfacturing Co. , an Oklahoma corporation trad-ing as Tulsa Refined Oil Co. , with principal place of business in TulsaOkla. , and 'V. Richardl\Iallory, Sr. , ,Y. Richard :l\Iallory, Jr. , Leland,Y. i\Iallory and Sallie F. l\Iallory, its officers, agreed that in connec-tion vvith the offer a.nd sale of previously use.dlubricating oils in com-merce , they, and each of them , will forthwith cease and desist , directlyor through any eorporate or other device , from:

(1) Hepresenting, directly or by implication , that such lubricatingoil is proeessed from other than previously used oil;

(2) Advertising, offering for sale or selling any lubrciating oil,vhieh is composed in whole or in part of oil ,yhich has been previouslyused , ,yithout disclosing such prior use in advertising, in sales promo-tion::d material , and by a clear flnd conspicuous statement to that efl'ecton the container;

(~)) Hepresenting, directly or by implication , through use of nu-merical designations or in any other manner that lubl'icnting oil is ofn, certain ,,"eight or that it correspon(ls in viscosity to the standards oftho Soeie.t.y of ~\utomotiYe Engineei' when such is not the fact.(612:3054 , July Vj , 1961.)

~H58. Gas fend Electric VJater Hea~ers-Guarantees. D. 'V. ",Vlritehead

l\Ianufacturing Corp. , and L. O. Koven & Brother, Inc.. , New Jerseycorporations "..irh place of business in Dover, N. , and Donald ,V.\Vhiteheac1 , an ofIicer of D. ,V. ,Vhiteheadi\Ianufacturing Corp. , andTheodore G. Koven and Gustav 1-1. Koven , oflicers of both corpora-

tions, agreed that in eonnection with the ofl'er and sale of ,yater heaters02' other products in commerce , they, and e.ach of them , will fortln"ithcease and desist from representing, clireet.ly or by implication, that.

a product is guaranteed unless the nature. flnd extent of the guaranteeand the manner in which the guarantor ",ill perform thereunder areeJearly and conspieuously c1isc.losec1.

945D. Tri111nph Automobile::;-Gasoline Ecol1omy. Standard- TriumphJ\Iotor Co. , Inc. , a Debware corporation with place of business in SewYork , N. Y. , ngTeec1 that , in connecbon with the oH'er or s,de of Triumphutomobiles in commerce , :it, ",ill :fort1nvith cease DJjd desist from rep-

C;' "-i' 0'

"j- .

A ~C L_

:::,

1 II v .

The Triumph I-3:erald wiD deliver up to miles pcr g~allon whilebeing: driven at speE'cls of 70 or 80 miles per 110111' , or representing thegasoline mileage of any Triumph automobile in a manner not in ac.-

corc1ance with the facts. (612337G J uly 13 , 1~)61.


9460. Bicycles With Imported Parts- lVlade in America" and DeceptiveG-uarantees. Standard Cycle Company, Inc., an 11linois c.orporationwith place of business at Chicago, Ill. , and :Max Lipski and Arthur Z.Lipski, its officers, agreed that, in connection with the ofl'er and saleof bicycles or any other product in commerce, they, and each of themwill forthwith cease and desist from:

(1) R.eprese.nting, directly or by implication, that a bicycle or anyother product containing a substantial part or parts of foreign originis " :Made in America

" "

American J\lade" or is made or manufacturedin the United States, unless the product is in fact made in the Uniteel

. States and the country of origin of each imported part is clearly andconspicuously disclosed; or

(2) Representing that a bicycle or any other product is guaranteedunless the nature and extent of the guarantee and the manner in whichthe guarantor will perform theretmde.r are clearly disclosed. (61233-

, July 13, 1961.) 9461. Medicinal Preparation-Arthritis Treatment.-Naturade Prod-

ucts Co., a California corporation with place of business at LongBeach, Calif. , and Nathan Schulman , Allan Schulman and SamuelBecker, its officers , agreed that they, and each of them , will forthwithcease and desist from disseminating, or causing to be disseminatedany advertisement for the product now designated "ALPHA-PL UC" or any other product of substantially the same composition orpossessing substantially the same properties, which represents directlyor by implication that:

(1) The product is of any value in the relief or treatment ofarthritis or rheumatism unless limiteel to the temporary relief of theminor aches or pains thereof; or

(2) The product will aft'orel relief of the severe or agon izing painsof arthritis or rheumatism or of any other arthritic or rheumatic con-dition or have any therapeutic efl'ect upon any of the symptoms ormanifestations of any such condition in excess of affording temporaryrelief of minor aches or pains. (6023986 , July 18 , 1961.)

94G2. Phonograph Needles-Nondisclosure of Synthetic Nature, Decep-tive Guarantees. Pfanstiehl Chemical Corp. , an Illinois corporationwith plac.e of business at 'Vaukegan , 111. , agreed that in connec.tionwith the oft'er and sale of phonograph needles or any other product incommerce , it will forthwith cease and desist from:

(1) Using the "word "sapphire~' or the name of any other preciousstone or the ",yord " je"' el" to describe 01' designate phonograph needletips or points made of synthetic sapphire or other synthetic preciousstones unless such word or name is immediately preceded with equalconspicuousness by the word "synthetic ; or otherwise representingthe composition of phonograph needle tips or points in any mannernot jn accorchnce \\ith the facts; or

STIPULATIONS 1493

(2) Representing that any product is guaranteed unless the natureand extent of the guarantee and the manner in which the guarantorwill perforlll thereunder are clearly and conspicuously disclosed.(6024121 , July 18 , 1961.)

9463. Phonograph Needles-Nolldisclosl1l'e of Synthetic Nature. Elec-tro- Voice, Inc., an Indiana corporation with place of business -at

Buchanan , J\1ich. , agreed that in connection \vith the offer and sale ofphonograph needles in commerce, it will forthwith cease and desistfrom:

Using the word "sapphire" or the name of any other precious stoneor the word "jewel" to describe or designate phonograph needle tipsor points made of synthetic sapphire or other synthetic precious stonesunless such word or name is immediately preceded with equal con-spicuousness by the word "synthetic ; or otherwise representing thecomposition of phonograph needle tips or points in any manner not inaccordance with the facts. (6024122 , July 18 1961.)

9464. Lubricating Oil-Nondisclosure of Prior Use. Evans G. Grahaman individual trading as Graham-Pem1 Oil Co. , with place of businessin Houston , Tex. , agreed that in connection \yith the offer and saleof previously usedlubric.ating oil in commerce, he will forthwith ceaseandc1esist from:

(1) Representing, directly or by implication , that such lubricatingoil is processed from other than previously used oil;

(2) Advertising, offering for sale or selling any lubricating oilwhich is c.omposec1 in whole or in part of oil which has been previouslyused , \Tithout disclosing such prior use in advertising, in sales pro-motional material , and by a clear and conspicuous statement to thatefi' ect on the container. (6123053

, .

July 18 , 1961.

9-1G5. "Photo Murals , Reprcductiol1s-Nondisclosure. l\Iontgomery,Vard &, Co. , Inc. , an Illinois corporation with place of business atChicago, Il1. , agreed that in connection with the ofl'er or sale of me-chanical reproductions of photographs in commerce , it will forthwithcease and desist i~rom representing directly or by implication:

Through use of the words "photo mural" or any other words orphrases of similar import to describe or c1esig11ate mechanical repro-ductions of photographs, 01' in any other manner, that such productsare other than mechanical reproductions of photographs. (6123668July 18, 1961.)

9466. Rebuilt Automotive Clutches-Nondisclosure of Prior Use. B 8: E

Clutch Co. a ~fichigan corporation with pJace of business in Detroit~1ich. , and "\Villiam 'V right, Esther "V right and J-Iyrun1 Chambers

its of1ic.ers , agreed that in c.onnection with the ofl'er and sale of rebuiltautomotive parts in commerce. they, and each of them , win forthwithcease and desist from:

G93-490--64----


(1) Offering for sale, selling or delivering to others for sale orresale to the public any product containing parts which have beenpreviously used without a clear and conspicuous disclosure of suchprior use made on the product with sufficient permanency to remainthereon after installation , as well as in advertising and on the con-tainer in which the product is packed;

(2) Representing that any product is guaranteed unless the natureand extent of the guarantee and the manner in which the guarantorwill perform thereunder are clearly and conspicuously disclosed.(6123513, July 27 1961.)

9467. Commodity Futures Management Services-Exag' gerated Profits.

Titan Futures ~fanagement, Inc. , a New York corporation with placeof business located in Hicksville , Long Island , N. , and Leonard S.Kolins, Aline ~1arceau, ~10rton Greenspan , F. J. Fredericks andStanley A. Spano, its officers, and Frank ~fusumeci, a CommodityInvestment Consultant, agreed that in connection with the advertis-ing, offer and sale in commerce of management services incident tothe purchase or sale of commodity futures , they and each of them , willforthwith cease and desist from:

(1) Re.presenting that customers realized profits or earnings of aspecified percentage or amount unless it is clearly and conspieuouslydisclosed in immediate conjunction therewith , if such is a fact, thatsuch profits or earnings are exceptional and are not realized or to beexpected by customers generally; or othe.r\\"ise representing profitsor earnings in any manner not in accordance with the facts;

(2) Repre.senting that customers realized profits or earnings of specified percentage or amount unless sueh profits or earnings wereachieved in recent regular course of business , or unless the time periodduring which the profits or earnings were achieved is clearly andconspicuously disclosed in immediate conjunction therewith.(6123560 , July 25 , 1961.)9468. Travel Service-Connection With Sorbonne, etc. ~1ichael A.

Otero , an individual trading as "The Sorbonne American InstituteThe Richelieu Institute" and "The Institutes " with place of busi-

ness in Los Angeles, Calif. , agreed that, in connection with the offeror sale in commerce. of services in connection with arranging foreigntravel , he will forthwith cease and desist from representing, directlyor by implic.ation :

(1) Through use of the name "Sorbonne American Institute" or inany other manner that he is connected with the University of Parisor otherwise representing that he has any connection with any educa-tional institution when such is not the fa.ct; or

(2) Through use of the word "institute" or any other word orphrase of similar import as part of a trade name or otherwise that thebusiness conducted is that of an organization devoted to the promo-

STIPULATIONS 1495

tion of learning or representing in any manner that it is other thana private enterprise conducted for profit (6123821 , July 25 , 1961.

0470. "New Illustrated Encyclopedia of Gardening ~rivate Business

as "Society," Prices as Reduced. The National Garden Society, a NewYork corporation with its offices in New York City, and Milo J.Sut1iff its officer, agreed that in connection with the offer and saleof books or any other merchandise in commerce, they, and each ofthem , will forthwith cease and desist , directly or through any cor-porate or other devic.e, from:

(1) Using the word "Society" or any other word or words of sim-ilar import as part. of their trade or corporate name, or otherwiserepresenting the nature of their business in any manner not in accord-ance with the facts;

(2) Representing that a stated price is a reduction or constitutes asaving frOlll the usual price of the product when such is not the factor otherwise representing prices or savings in any manner not inaccordance \vith the facts. (6123376 , Aug. 3 , 1961.)

9471. Lubricating Oil-Nondisclosure of Prior Use. Ralph E. ~100re

Sr., and Ralph E. :Moore, Jr. , copartners trading as H. E. ~100reCompany, with place of business in Tyler , Tex. , agree,d that in con-nection with the ofl'er and sale of previously used lubric.ating oD incomlnerce, they, and eaeh of theTn , will forthwith cease and desistfrom:

(1) Hepresenting, directly or by implication , that such lubricatingoil is processed from other than previously used oil;

(2) Advertising, ofl'el'ing for saJe or selling any lubricating oilwhich is composed in whole or in part of oil which has been previouslyused : without disclosing such prior use in advertising, in sales pro-motional material , and by a clear and conspicuous statement to thatefl'ect on the container. (6123808 , Aug. 3 , 1961.)

9472. Machines for Inspecting and Cleaning Motion ~icture Film-Oper-

ation and Manufacture. Paulmar, Inc. , an Illinois corporation withplace of business in Chicago, Ill. , agreed that in connection with theoffer and sale in COl1ID1erce of machines for inspecting and cleaningmotion picture film, it will forthwith cease and desist from represent-ing that:

(1) Such machines detect flaws purely by electrical or electro- mag-netic action;

(2) Such machines are pre-set and never require adjustment duringoperation;

(3) ,Vith the use of said machines, all possibility of damage to filmis eliminated;

(4) All of the components are of the plug- in type;(5) All ofthecontTols are flush-mounted. (6123771 , Aug. 28 1961.)


f/473. V.lbricating Oil-Nondisclosure of Prior Use. Jackson Oil Prod-ucts Co. , a ~ljssissippi corporation ,,- ith place of business in RankinCounty, :Miss., and 'V. N. Robertson, R. D. :Minks a.nd ElizabethRobertson, its officers, and Herbert IC Robertson , its General J\Ian-agel' , agreed that in connection with the offer and sale of previouslyused lubricating oil in COlmnerce, they, and each of them , will forth-"ith 'C.ease and desist from:

(1) Representing, directly or by implication , that. such lubricatingoil is processed frO111 other than previously used oil;

(2) Advertising, offering for sale or selling any lubricating oilwhich is composed in whole or in part of oil whic.h has been previ-ously used , without disc.1osing such prior use in advertising, in salespromotional material , and by clear and conspicuous statement to thateffect. on the container. (6123443 , Aug. 23 , 1961.)

fABLE OF COl\tll\10DITIES I

DECISIONS AND ORDERS

Adcl.iti no

, "

STP" oiL - -

- - - - - - -- - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - -- -- - --

Air compre:.;sors- - --- - -- - - -- -

----- - - -- -- - - - -- - - - -- - - -- -- - - - - - - -- ---

j-\irJinl" mechanics , jet: Correspondence cour~e:3 in

_----_----------------

Alarm s~' skms , fire.. - - - - - - - -

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - --

A.loC~l \Vrnp " aluminum foiL_____---------------------------------Alco holism trt'atmrn t: "So )x' ri Ii "

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - -

Alligator" belts - - - -

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - -- - -- - -- -- - - - -- - - -- - - - - - - - -

Alpaca fiber Stock8- --- - - - -

- - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - --

Aluminum product:,::Alecn V/rap " foiL_._--__--------

----- ---------- ---- -----------

1058Al umi Ii U Tn f.idin

g - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

30SCarportc: and p~ltios..--__

----

------------------------------ 442Storm door;.; - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

473Stonn \yindo\Y~; ---

--------------

------------------ 352 473 1071 1321An gor:1 " fahri C:3

- - - - - -- -- -- -- -- -- - - - - - -- - -- - - -- - - - - - -- -- - - - - - - - - - -

1 :354American Dream " orthop,,'dic Jl1ntt.rei':"r';.:

- - ----------------- ---------

2"1:2.

Anim:ds: chinchilla brC'eciingdock--___

_----------------- -----------

920Appart'J. \Yol1wn's \\-eoring__

___ ------------ -------------------------

1305Appks - - -

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

f/1:3Appliancf'=" , electric hou:,:rd1O1cL - - - - - - - - - - -

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

188Armstrong \Voodgrain Floor Til(,

_--_------------------------ -------

773'\rpege b:; l..J an,- " COlOgl1C_____-----

-----------------------

------- 4,ARTH-H:!"TE" drug pr(' p~1J':1tiol1- -

---------------------------------

1150Arthriti~:-rIH' um:1tism treatment:

ARTH - RITE" u -

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - -- - - - -- - - - -- -- - - - - - - - - -

1156Rn-Ex Compollncl" -

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - --

8:3\)Art sllpplil' s - - - - - - -- - --

-- - -- - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - -- -- - - - - -- - -- - - - -- -

1442..-\::;be~to8 )J iro:iing bo;ud l~on'r:

___--------- -------- --------- --------

Asphalt floor tilL' - - - - - -- - - - - - h -

- - - - - - -- - - - - - - -- - - - - - - -- - - - - - - -- - - -

406Au d i 0 yj" un I (' q 11 i P l11l:'n to.

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

130:2Automobile replncement gLI~

,_---- ----------- -----------------------

78t)Automohile SE'::It. eover:" , et.c____------------------------------------- 1167AutonlOti n' products - - - -

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - --

598, 144G

Awards

, "

Binnco :.brbk" c____---------------------

----------------

795A ,nJi n f!.S --

- -- -- -- -- - -- - -- - - - -- - -- -- -- - - -- - -

- - - - -- - - - - u - - - - - -- - - - - 398

1b g;:::, :,;If'(~ pin g -- - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - h - - - - -

- -- - - -- -

Ba kery producb - - -

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

Beans , dri('cL - - - - -

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - --

Bt'd ::p)'ing:~ and m,lt.trE':'S(,~~ - - -

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - --

B(~d wetting corrective deviel'

_____------------------------ ----------

Belts

, "

alligator " and "leather

" - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - --

1 Commodities involn'd in (lI'lJd~sjJlg or VQf'atlllJ! orllers are inuient.l',l h~' italicized page referene".tahlP of commodities In ~tipl1l:1tions in this volunll' , see jJ. 1505.

Page1357848247

1201105827320128:)

137135'95:3

1418lOHi

201

For

1497



Bianco Marble " trophies and awards____---

- - -- - - - --

u - - - - - u - - - - - --Blankets , wool- - - -

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

Books:Childrens - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

Encyclopaedia Britannica--___- -- - -

- - - - - - - -

u -- - -

- -

u ---- -

- - - ---

Building materials_- -- - u --- - u -

- - - - - - - -

u - - -- -

- - - - - - - -

u- -

- - - - - ---

Bread , Lite Diet" - -

- -- - - - - --- - - -- -- -- - - - - - -- -- - ---- ------ - - - - ----

Briquets

, "

Charcoal" ------ - uu_u-- - u u -

- -

u u ---- - - - _u - - - -- Britannica , Encyclopaedia

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - --

B rus bel:", art - - - - - - - -

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

Building siding- - -

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - --

Burial vaults___--_u --- _uu- - --- u - u -

- - -

--- -- u -

- - - - - --- - -- - ----

Candy Cupboard" candies--

- - - -

u - - u - - u - - - - u u - - u - - - u - - - -

- - --

Candy, vending machine

- - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - -

u u - u u -

- - -

u u - - u - - Canned food products--- - -

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - --

Caps , men s and boys ' wooL______------------_u_--_u_--_uu_--uCarpets - - - - - - - - -

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - --

Carports , aluminum- - - - _u- uu_- u - - u u - - u -

- - - -

u -uu- -

-- -- ---

Cashmere coats:Ladies

' - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

1164l\.Ien 's - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

1365" Cas hill 0 r a " s we a te rs - - - u - - -

- - -

u - - u u - -

- -

u - -

- -

u - - - u - - - - - u - - 893Cat food - - - - - -

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

581Chancl No, 5" cologne- ---- u- -

- - -- -

_u---- uu- - u_- -- _u -- - u- - 451Charcoal" briquets - -

- - - - - -- - - -

u U U - -

- - - -

u - U -

- - - - - - - -

u u -

- -

175Chemicals____uuu_-----_u_u__uuu_u_-_u_u__u----- 106 254 614Chinchilla breeding stock

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ~ - - - - - - - - - - - -

920Chorionic Gonadotropin Lyopholized" drug preparation_ ____uu_----- 753

Chrome platin g kits - - - - - u u U -

- - -

u - u u u -

- - -

u - -

- - - -

u u U -

- - - -

1000Citrus fruik_- - ------_uu_--u_-_u_uu_------ 86 180, 366 487 498 522

527 578 689, 729, 732 735 780, 789, 836 926 1274, 1428, 1439Civil Service preparation , correspondence courses_-___uu- 220, 547 1182 1312Clothing, men s and boys

' - - - - - -

u - - u - u - - u u U - U U u - - u -

- - - - -

930, 995Clothing, men s and ~'omen s wooL______uuu__u_uu_uuu_----- 1365Coatings , transparent window - - - - u - - -

- - - - - - - - -

u U - - - u U U - - u - - 782Coats:

English Sports , men s wooL_______uuuu_-_u_-----_uu_-- Ladies ' wool- - - -

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 388 , 1164

Men s wooL u - - - - u U - - u - u - -

- -

u - U U U U - U -

- - -- - - -

155, 348, 1365Coconut , Philippine , desiccated and sweetened- U_----_u_-_ u_------- 706Co ff ec - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 278 1089

Collection forms - - -

- - - - -

u - - -

- - - - - - - - - - - -

u u -

- - - - -

u U - U U - - u - - 709Colog;nes:

" Arpe ge by Lan vi n " - u - u - - - - u - - - u - - - - u - - - u - -

- - - - - -

u U U -C ha Il(~ 1 ?\ o. 5" - - - - - u - U - - -

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - -

Compressors , ai r - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

Convertible tops , automobilc___- - u - -

- - - - - - - -

u - --- u -

- - - - - - - -- - - -

Corduroy jackets , cotton " \Voolmaster

___---

--------_u_----------Correspondence courses:

Civil Seniec_u_u u__u__u _--_uu__u_uuu_-- 220, 547 1182 1312Ell ropean - - - -

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

Jet en gine mechanics -- -- - - - u - - - - - u - - - - u - -

- - - - - -

u - -

- - - - - - - - -

247

Page

795979

1231

175

1442996

1349

1076984560889418442

451451848

11671431

TABLE OF COMMODITIES

DECISIONS AND ORDERSCosmetics:

French" --- - - -

- - -- - - - - ----- - - - -- - - --- - - - - --- - - - - -- - - -- - - - ----

Lady Esther

" - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

Livigen" skin food cream--- - uu -

- --- -

u- - -- --- --- - -- u- u - Counter topping- -

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

Countess " pillows- - - --

----- --- -- - - -- - - -- -------- - ------ ---------

Covers , ironin g board - - - -

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

Curtains , window

---- - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

Cushion Vibrator

" ----- -- - - - - - -- - - - -- - -

-_u--- --

- - --- -- ---- -

u_uDealerships , mail order -_u - ___un u -- --- - u- -

- - - -- - -- - - - - - - - - - -- --

Delinquent debt collection forms___--_-_u_------uu_--------------Deodorant produc~__- ---- - - --- - -

- - - - - - - - - --- - - --- - - -- - - - - - - - - -- -

Devices:. Hernia-controL - - -- -

- - - - - - - - - - -

u u u -

- - - - -

u u - - u u - -

- - - - - - -

141The Vibra-King Actavator" electric vibratoL_ __----------_u_---

Diet Bread , Lite

" - - - -- -- -- -- --- -

---U_--_u --u u_- --- ----_u_--- Doors , aluminum storm--u__u_u__u_---_u_-------_u_--- 442 473 1071Dresden Art" porcelain figurines - - - - - u - -- - u - -

- - -

u u -

- - - -

u - u - - 504Dried peas and beans- ---_uuuuu_---_u__uuU_-_u_-----_uu 953Drug and medicinal preparations:

ARTH-RITE" arthritis-rheumatism- -- - -

- - - - --- - - - - - -- - - - - -- -

Chorionic Gonadotropin Lyopholized" - - -

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

N aturalMinerals Plus

" - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - -

u - -- - -

- - - - -

u - -

- -

u - uNutri-Health" vitamins- -- -

- - - - -- - - - -- - - - -

u - - -

- -- - - - ---- - - ---

Pharmaceuticals , prescriptions , vitamins , etc- - -- u - - -

- -- -

u - -

- -- --

Posterior Pituitary Solution , U. ---------_u__uu_----u_uRevitalin " vitamin-minerals - - - u - -

- - - - - - -

u u - - u - - - - - u - - -

- --

Ru-Ex Compound" arthritis treatment- - - u - - - - - - - - u - - - - - u - - uSedaquil" or "Sedaquilin " sedative__uu__-_uu_------_uu_--

"Soberin " alcoholism treatment- - - u - - - u u u -

- - - - - --

u - - - u - - Staminar" vitamin-minerals - - -

- -- - -

u -- - - - u - U U U U - - u u - --Stress & Strain " vitamin-minerals - - - u u -

- -

u - U - - u - -

- - -

u - - --Tranquil-Aid" sedative__--_- - u - - - u - - -

- - - - - - --

-- u - - -- u - u uVitalife Vitamins and Minerals

" --- -

u - - u - -

- - -

u u -

- - - - - - - - - -

Vitamins - - -

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

Vitamin B-12 Solution " ------ - -- - - u - -

- -

u - - u -- -

- - -

u u -

- - -

Easy Glamur Shampoo King" rug and upholstery cleaning shampoo andapplicator - - - - -

- - - - -- -- - - - -- - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - -

Elastic hosiery, women s nylon - - - - -

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

Electric:Fence charger

, "

Super Atom u____-----------_uuu_-----_uuGenerators - - -

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

Hand-operated vibrator - - -

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - --

Household appliances - -

- - -

u - - -

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

~1 otors - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

Electrical insulation tapes -

- - -

u - - -

- - - - - -

u - -

- - - - -

u - U U U U - -

- - -

Electrode-type immersion water heater______-------------------------Encyclopaedia Britannica- - -

- - - - - - -

u - -

- - - -- - -

u - -

- - - - - - - -

u - -

- -- - - -

Engine mechanics , correspondence course in jeL______-----uu_u_uu"English Sports Coat " men s wooL____u_---u_--------_uu_u_---

1499

Page

1333237

1422722146748

1263

305799106

1156753

10611061

170753

839393273

287608756753

428769

122848

188848321792

247


DECISIONS .AND ORDERS

European correspondence courses-

- - - -- - -- - - - - - - - - - - - -- - -- - - - - - - - -- --

Extracts , spicE's , etc--__- - -- - - -- - -

- --- - -- - - - --- - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - --

Page

Fa bri ~ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1146 , 1325Flammable--____-------------------------------- 343 1068, 1100 1143Italian - - - -

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

956Madras " and "Indian Madras _--_---------------------------- 339

WooL--__--__-------------------------------- 459 556 725 1008 1354Fence charger

, "

Super Atom " eleciric--___--------------------------- 122Fiber stocks , alpflca--___--_---------------------------------------- 283Field & Stream" magazine - -- -

- - -- -- - -- - - - -- -- - - - - -- -- -- - -- - -- - -- --

266Fignrines

, "

Dresden Art" porcelain ______---------------------------- 504Film inspection macbincs , automatic_____---------------------------- 1302Film , polyetbylene_- -- - - -

- - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - -- - - - - -- - - - --

614Fire alarm systems -

- - - - -- - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - -- - - -- - - -- - - - - - - - - - - -

1201Firm- Back" ma.t-tresses -- - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

- - - - - - -

953Flaga " rice , dried peas , and beans

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

953Flammable:

Fabrics--___------------------------------------- 343 1068 , lIOO, 1143Japanese si Ik scan' es - - - - - - - - -- - -

-- - - -- - - -- - - - -- - - - - - - -- - - - -- - - -

1 143Floor:

Covering____----------------------------------------- 406 1150, 1422?\1 at:" , a utomo bile - -- - - -- - - - - --

-- - - - - - -- - -- - -- - -- - - - - - - -- - - - - - - -

1167Ti ~ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

773Foil

, "

Alcoa "'rap " aluminunL - - --

----- --- -- - - -- -- - - - - -- -- -- -- -- ---

1058Food , cat- - - - - -

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

581Food products--_------------------------------------ 86 119 180

, .

560 , 926French:

Cosmetics - - - - - - - - -

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

Perfumes - -- -- - - -- - - -

- - - - - -- -- -- - - - -- - -- - -- - -" - - - - - - - --

-- - 1 , 843, 12.Fruit , citrw:,_--_-------------- ---- 86 180 366 487 498 522 527 529 578

689, 603 , 729, 732, 735 , 780 , 789 , 836 , 926 , 1274 , 1428 , 1439Fruits and wget:1,blrs , cannrcL_--____------------------------------- 52.Furnaces - - - - - - -

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 532 , 583

Fur products__-------------- ~---------- 49, 150 184 192 20. 212, 233261 , 270, 293 , 296 , 312 , 333 , 370, 379, 383 , 'BG , 463 478 , 49;1

512 , 516 , 5. , 564 , 57:1 , 58~), 603 , 717 , 853 , 857, 867 , 877 , 881

885 893 947 , 9S9 , 1005 1019 1023. 1029 1108 1132 1138 11n1207 , 1212 , 1216 , 122. , 1297 , 1308 , 1315 , 1347 , 1362 , 1374 , 14-19,

Garages - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

) 231Gas , liquifiecl petroleum (LP)____---------

------------ -------- ------

912Gas moto~ - - -

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

848Generators , electric - - - - - --

-- -- - - - - - -- - - - - -- - - - -- - -- - - - - - -- - - -- -- - --

848German products:

Dresden Art" porcc lain figurines - - - - -

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

STP" oil aclditi Ye - - - - - -- - -

-- -- - - -- - - - - -- - - - - - -- - - - - -- - -- -- ---

Gift ikms - -

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - --

Glamur Shampoo I\:ing, Easy " rug and upholstery cleaning shampoo anda ppli ca tor - - - - - - - - -

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

Glass , automobile replacemenL - - -

- -- - - - - - -- - -- - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - --

Gold , old- - - - - -

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - --

Greeting cards -

- - - - - -- - -- - - - -- - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- -

Grocery produ c~ - -

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

5041:3.57

482

428785

109748211.9

T ABLE OF COMMODITIES

DECISIOXS A~D OIWEHS

Handkerchief:3--_--

- - - - --- - -

-- --- - - u - -- -

- -

UU - -- - --- -

- - - -- - -- -

1:1 al1 cl tools - - - - - - - - -

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

IIaJ'chvare - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

H D~ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

HE'fJ. ters:Immersion electrode-type ""ateL_-_u------- ----_u__u_-------- 792

\7\1 n tel' - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

975

Heruin-control devices, " illuscle- Spension

_- - - -- - - - - - - - - - -

u - -

- - - - - - -

141

Hoffmann Shield" tn1Sf'CS_---

-- -- ------- -----

--------_u_-------- 537

Home construction , improvfnwnL__ _u__--_u_-_uu_--- 352 398, 1231 1321

Home 8tudy courses. See Correspondence CO11rsC's_-_u_---_u_u------ 247

H on g JZOJlg:

Conts , men s ,yool- - - -

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - --

Toys___

- - - -- - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - ----- -- - - - - -- - - - - -- -- -- -- -- - - - --

W atc 11 ban cIs - - - - - - - -- u - -

- - - - - - - - - -

u - - -

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

Ho::;iery, women s nylon elastic____

------------

-------------_u_---Houses_- - - - - - -

- - -- - - - - - - -- - -- - -- -- - - - -- - - -.- --- - - - -- - - -- - -- -- -- --

Hypodermic needle8 , Jl1p:me;:.e- - - - - - u - -- - u - -- - -- -

- - - - - - - -- - - - - - - --

I rnmt'rsion electrode-type water heaters

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

792

I n dial) l\J:1dra8 " fabrics - - -

- - - - - - - -

u - - - u -- u -

- - - - - - - - -

u - - -

- -

u - - 339

IDiOtant 'Yater lIeater , Zip ____u u_------------------u-------

----

772

Insulation tapes , elcctricaL_____u_-

--------------------- -----------

321

Intc rlinin gs , wooL - - - -

- - --

u -- - - - u - - - -- - - u - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 388 , 738

IroJlin~ bonrd covers_ u-------- --------_u_------ ------_u --_u_u 12 141'.

Jtn linn:Fa bri cs - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

956

H an cl tools - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - u - -

- - - - - - - - - - - - - -

u - -

- - - - - - - - - - - -

14 ()52

.T a ckets :Cotton corduroy " \Voolmaster

_____--- ------- ------_

u_------ 1431

1\lcn s "' 001- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

467

Jalousies - - - - - - - - - -- u - -

- -- - - - - - - - - -

u - -- - -

- - - - - - - - - -- -

u - - 352 398 , 1321

J:Jpanesc:H a n cl tools - - - - - - - u - -- - - -- -

- - - -

u - -

- - - - - - - -

u - -

- - - - - -- -

u - - - 1408

Hypodermic needles

- - - - --

u - -- - -

- - - -- - - - - - - - - -

u - -

- - - - - -- - - - - -

501

Silk scaryes. flammablc__--

--_----

---------_uu_------

------- --

1143

Stain 108s steo I ta ble WfUC - - -

-- - - - - -

u - -

- -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

u - -

- - -

1340

SulJglnsses- - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

- -- - - - - - -- - - -- - - - - -

u - - - - - - 45 , 960To ys - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - .

168

'\V a tc 11 ba n cIs -

-- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

u - -

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

1329

Jet engine mcclullJics correspondence coursc__-

-------- -------

u_u_- 247

Jc welry - - - - - - - - - -

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 482 , 1097

Ken ti Ie tile - - - - - -

- - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - -

J( i I' by " V He U u m c 1e a n c rs - - - -

- -

u - -

- - - - - - -- - -

-- u -

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

I( run- Chce " potato chi p8 - - - -- - - - - - u u -

- - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - -

LAdy Ester " cosmetic products__

---- - - - ----- - - - - - - - - - - - -- - -- --- - - --

La In p'3 - - - - - - - -

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

L:mvin , Arpege by , colognc__-- - - - -

- - --- - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - --

Lawn spray cqnipment- - -

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - --

Leather" belts - - -

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - --

Linens , art - - -

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

Liqllifiecl petroleum (LP) gas- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - -

-- - - - -- --

J 501

Page

1971408489971

1365568

1329769

12315()1

1150132674

1333317451216201

1442912


DECISIONS AND ORDERSPage

Lite Diet Bread" _n n nn n -

- - --

n n n - - n n n -

- -

n - - - n - - -- - -- Livigen" skin food cream____n_n_--_n_nn_n---------_n_n_- 237 593

Lottery devices____- ---- ------

-- -- -------- -- -- - ---- - - -- - -- - - -- --- - -

278

Macaroni

, "

Ronco

" --- - - -- - - -- - -

n - -

- - - -

n n -

- -- - - - - - - - - - - - - -- -

n - - 1065Madrae " fabrics__- - - n n - n n -

- -

n - - -

- - - - - - - - - - - -

n n - n -

- - - - - - --

339Magazines- - - - -

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

266Magicure " bed wetting corrective devicL - - -- - - _n- - -- -- -- ___n - -

- - -

1016Mail order dealersrnps- - -

- -

n- -

- - - - - - - -- - -

n -- n --

------ - - - - - -

--- n 305Marble , Bianco" trophies and awards__n__n_--_n_nn_--n__n_-- 795

Massage device: electric hand-operated vibratoL__-__n_n_----------- Mattresses- -- - - -

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

1418Mattresses , orthopedic- - - -

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

- - - - - 242 , 507Mattress pads--_- -- -- n_- _n --- -

- -- -- - - --

---- - --- ---- n -- ---- _nn 1112Mayonnaise_____- --

--- --- - --- --- - -- --- - - - -- -- -- -- -------- - - -- --- --

Medicinal preparations. See Drug and medicinal preparations.Metals , precious___- - - -- --- n -

- -

n n -

- - - -- - - - - --

n - - -

- -- - - - -

n --- - 1097Micro-Line Ball Pens

" - - -- - - - - - - - - - --

n - -

- - - - - - -

n n - -- -- - n - - - n - 1092Mineral preparation - - -

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

1012Molded shoes

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

803Molding compound , phenolic- - - -

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

254Motors , gas and electric_- - - - n - -

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

848Mowers , power lawn - -

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

375Murray "SPACE" shoes- - -

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

n n -

- -

80:)M uscle-Spension" devices for ruptures and hernias -- - - n - n - -

- - - -- - - -

141

Music records__--n_-------------_n-------------_n 166 209 230 302 361

N atural Minerals Plus

" - - -

n - - -

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

n - - - - n - nNoodles

, "

Ronco" egg--_-

_- --- ---- -- - - - - -- -- - - --

---- -- - _n_- -- --- --N utri-H ealth" vitamins - -

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

n - -

- - - - ~ - - - - - -

Nuts , vending machine___-

- -

__n- - n - -

- - --

n -- n --- - -- --

- - - - -- -- - --

Nylon elastic hosiery, women s____----------------------------------Oil additive

, "

STP" - - - - - - -

- - --

n -- -- n -- - n -

- -- - -- - - - - -

n -- - -- - ---Oil colors- - - -

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - _. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - --

Old gold , jewelry, precious metals - --

-- - - - - - -- - - - - -

- n - - - -

- -

n - -

- -- --

Orthopedic shoes

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

101210651061984769

135714421097803

Paint- - - -- - -- -

- - - - - - ----- - -- - - - - -- - - - - - -

- - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1422 , 1150Sincere" exterior whitc- - -

- - - - - - - -- - - - -- - - -- - -- - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - -

1177Palmolive Rapid Shave

" - - - -- - -- - - - - - - - - - - -- -- -- -- - - -- - -- -- - - - - - --

1452Patios , aluminum_____- - - -- - - -

- -- - - - - - - - -- -- - -

n - -

- - - -

n - -

- - - - - -- - -

442Patio covers , aluminum______-------------------------------------- 1071

Peas , dried - - - - - - - - -

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

953Pencils - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

1092Pens - - - - - - - ~ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

1092Perfumes - - - -- - - - - - -- - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - -- - - - 451 , 843 , 872

French - - - - - - - - - - - -

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1 , 1258

Pharmaceutical products - -- - -

- - -

n - -- - -- -

- -- - -- - - -- - - - - - - - -- - - -

n 106 , 170Phenolic molding compound- - - -

- - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - -

254Philippine desiccated and sweetened coconut- -

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

706Phonograph records____-----------_n_--- -------_nn 166 209 230 302 361

Photographs - - - - -

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

543Picture tubes , reconditioned television--n-- -

- - - - - -- - -- - - - - - - - - - - - -

- 102 , 127Pillo,,'s- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

722

TABLE OF COMMODITIES


Pi pe fi ttings an d a ccessories--

- -- - - - - - -- - - - -- - - -- - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - -

Pipe , soil- - - -

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

Plastics - - - - - - - - -

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

Plumbing specialties or supplies- - -

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

Polyethylene resins and film - - - -

- - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- -- -- - - - - --

Porcelain figurines

, "

Dresden Art" ---- - -

- - - - - --- - - - - -- -- -- --- --- - - ---

Porch enclosures____-

- -- - - - -- - - - - - -- - - --- - - - -- - - - - - - -- - - - - - -- - -----

"Posterior Pituitary Solution , V. " drug preparation_--___----------Potato chips

, "

Krun- Ghee

" -- - - -- - - ---- - - - - - --- - -- - -- - - - -- - - - - - - - - --

Power lawn mowers-____-

- - - - - - --- - -- - -- - - - - - - --- - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - ---

Precious met~s - - - - - -

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

Prescription drugs- - -

- -- -- - - - - - - - - -- - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - --- --- - - - - - --

Pride . metal expansion watch bands___

__---------------------------

Pu bli cations - - - - - - - - - - -

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

Quilt O'Pedic " mattress -- -

- - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- -- - - - - -

Reconditioned television pictures tubes--

-----

-------------------- 102 127

Records , music - - - - - - - - -- - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - 166 ZOO, ~30 , 302, 301

Recreation room - - - - -

- - - - -- - -- - -- - - - - - - -- - -- - - - - - - - - - -- - -- - - -- - - --

398

Remnants , wooL - - - -

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

556

Repairs , homc__

___ --------------------------

--------------- 328, 352 1321

Resins , polyethylene - - -..

- - - - - -- - - .. - - - - - - - - - -- " - - - - - - - -- - - - - -- - - - - - -

614

Re- Tape and Re-cord" venetian blind repair kits- - -- -- - - --

- - - -- -.. - - - -

1344

Revitalin" vitamin-mineral preparation - - -

- - - - - - - - - - -" - - - -.... - - - - - - - -

Rice - - -

.. - - - - - - .. - - - - - - - - - .. - - - - - - - .. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

953

Ronco " macaroni and spaghetti__

-___------------------------ ------

1065

Ru-Ex Compound" arthritis treatment_- - -

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -.. - - - - - -

839

Rugs- - - - - - - - - - - -

- - - - - - - - - - - -.. - - - -.. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

- - - - - - - - - - - 418 , 742

Rug cleaning devices and shampoos--_------------------------------- 42R

1503

Page1205

226254226614504398753674375

1097170

1329260

507

Salon Vibrator" and "Salon Vibrator Plan

" -- -.. - - - - - - - -- - - - - - -- -- - - - -

1263

Salt__

- - --- - - - - --- - - ------- - - - - - - - - ---- - - ---- - ---- - - - --

------- -- 44, 1278

Scanes , flammable Japanese silL___

___------------------ -------- ---

1143

Seat covers , automobile- - - - ---

--- - -- -- - - -- - --- - --- -- -- -- ---- -- -- --

1167

Sedaquil" drug preparation

- - - - - - - - -- - -- - - - - - _.. - - -- - - - - -" - - -- - - - - - -

393

Shalnpoos , rug cleaning -

- - - - - - - -" - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

428

Shaving cream -

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

1452

Shoes - - - - - - - - - - - .. - - - -

.. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - .. .. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

1104

11olded - - - - - - - - - - - - -

- - - - - - - - - - -.. - - - - - - - - - - - - -.. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

803

Sidi ng, building - - -

.. - - - - - - - - - - - - - .. - - -.. - .; - - - - - - .. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

966

Sincere" exterior white paint- -

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - -

1177

Skip tracer forms___

--- ----- ------- ----- -------------- ----- ----

799

Sleeping bags - - -

- .. - - - - - - - - - - - - - .. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - .. - - -

1371

Soberi n" drug preparation- -

- - - - -- - - - - - - -- - - - - .. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

273

Soil pipc_

_- - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - ---.. -- ------- - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - -- - - -- - - -

226

SPACE" shoes , l'vlurray____--------------

--------- ----- ---------

803

Spaghetti

, "

Ronco

" -- - - -- - -- -- - - - -- -- - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - " - ..' - - -- - -

1065

Spices , extracts , ete_

------- -------------- ---------------- ---------

Sport coats , men s wooL____--

-------- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---------

155

Englbh" -

- - -- - - - - -.. .. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -.. - - - - - - - - - - - - .. - - - - - -

Sports equipmenL- - - -- -

- - - - - - - -.. - - - - - - - - - - - -- - -- -- -- - - - - - - - - - --

--.. 489

SportsweaL - - - -- - -

- -- - - - - - -- -- - - -- - - -.. - - - - - -.. - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - -- --

1431

Spray equipment , la .wn -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - .. - - - - - - - - -

216

1504 FEDERAL TRADE COMJVIISSION DECISIONS

DECISIO:'\S "\:'\D ORDEn:::;Page

Springs , bed - - - -- - - - -- - - -- - --

-- - -- - - - - - -- - - - - -- - - - - -- - - - -- - - - --

-- - 1-118St ai Bless steel tableware- - - -

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

1340Staminar " vitamin-mineral preparation- - - -

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

Staples and staplers , carton-elosing_- - ------------------------------- 1080Storm doors and windows, ahlminum_--____-------------- 352 473 1071, 1321STP" German oil additiye_n____---------------------------------- P57Str8ss & Strain " ,itamin-mineral preparation_____------------------- 58

Sun~lasses_

- - -- - - -- ------- - ----- --- -- - - ----- - - - -- -- - - - --- -- - -- - - --

960apanesc - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

Super Atom " electric fence cbargcL______-----------------_._------- 122S""eateJ's - - - -

.- - - - - - - - - - - - -

- o' - - -

- - - - - - - - - - - - - . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

1431Cas hmora

" - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

893

Tableware, stainless steeL -- -

----- --- --- - - - - -- - - - --- - - -- - ----- - - ----

1340Television picture tubes, reconditioned______----------------------- 102 127Textiles___--_---------------------------------- 742 1100 1112 1138 1325

Asbestos " ironing board covers-

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- -- - - - - - - -

Fa b r i cs - - - - - - - - - -

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

1146Hand kerchiefs- - n - -- - - - -- -- - - --

-- - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - -- -- -- - - - -- - --

1 V '/

Re-Tape and He-Cord" Venetian blind repair kits__-------------- 134.S we ate r5 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

1431Window curtains-

------ - - -- --- - -- - - -- - - - --- -- - - --- - - - --- - -- - - _

748Women s ",earing appareL - - - -

- -- - - -- - - - - - - -- - - -- - - -- - - - - -- - - - -

1305Tile - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

- - - - -

0- - -

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

1150Floor- - - - -

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

773Rubber and asphalt tlooL - -- -

- - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - -

406Toiletry produet,s__- - - -

--- - - -- - - - --- --- - --- - - - - - - - -- -- - - - - - - - - - - - --

106Toilet water - - -

- - - - - - - - -- - - - ~ - -- - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - -- - - --

843French" - -

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

Too~ - - - - - - -

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1035 , 1408

Tops , automobile convertible- - - -

- -- - - -- - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

11 G7

Toys- - - - - -

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

568Tranquil-Aid" drug preparation- -

- -- - - - - -- - - - - - - -- - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - -

287Transparent window coatings- -

- - - - - - - -- - -- - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - -

782Trophies, "Bianco Marble

" - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

795Trousers , boys ' wooL- - - - - - - -

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

,113

Trusses - - - - - - - - - - - - -

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

141Hoffmann Shield" - -

- - - - - -- - - - - - -- - - - - - - -- -- - - - - - - - - - -- - - -- - - -

.537

Tubes, reconditioned television pieturc_____------------------------ 102 127

Vacuum cleaners

, "

Eirby

__- ------ -------------------------------

132V auIts, bmiaL - -

- - - - - - - - - - - -- -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - -. - -

13~1 D

Vegetables and fruits, canned______

-------- ---------------- ---------

525Vending machines anel supplies_-- - - - -

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

984, 1220Venetian blind "Re- Tape and H. Cord" repair kits------_------------- 1344

Vibra-Eing Act-avator , The " electric vibrator - -

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

f/7

Vibrator:Cus hion

" - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

Electric hand-operated- -

- - - - - - - - - -- - - - -- - -- - -- - - - - - - - - - -- - - -- --

Vicuna coats, men s-- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

- - - - - - - - - - - --

VitaWe \itamins and l\1inerals

____---------- -------- ---- ----------

Yit.amin preparations- - - -- - -

- - - - - -- - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- -

::\utri-Health" - - -

---- -- - -- -- -- - - - --- - -- - - - - - - - - -- - -- -- - - -- - --

1061Revitalin

" - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ,

1263

1365608756

TABLE OF COMMODITIES 1505

STIPULATIONS

Vitamin prl' pnrat!c'Il;:;-- C\mtilJu!'dStaminnr

" - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -' - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

Stress & Strain

" -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - --

Yit.amin B- 12 Solution

--- - - - - --- - - -- - - - -- - - - -- - ---- - - -- -- - ---

\- i tan1ins - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

Puge

753170

\Vag!ll" r CaIT)(,teer" rug ele~llJing de\- ice- - - - - - - -

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

428Watch bands , JapfliH' :::e find Hong Kong___

__- ------------------------

I:i29W a te he s - - u -- -

- -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

42':1 1 :377W n,ter color~ - - - - - - - -- - - - - --

-- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - -- --

1442\V:l te r he at t ' r;o u - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - -

- - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - -

975lmnwrsinn cleetrod'?- type_- - - - - - -

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

792\Y en ri ng :lpp:1 rc L - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - ,

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - -- - - - - -

48D\Villclow coatings , t. (,:llj:-:;p~j"enL______-----------

---------------------

78~Window curt Gin::,

- - - - - - -- - -- - - - - - - -- -- -- - - - - - - - - -- - - -- - -- - - - - ~ - -- - -

748Windows, alumi!Hl1lJ 8t.unl1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - 44247:3 , J 071\Voodgrain Floor Tile., .\rmstrolJg

" - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

77:3Wool prndl!\:ts- - -

- - - - - - - -- - - - -.... - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

11;38Blnn ke ts - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

97 \)

Boys ' tro lIser=:;-

- - - - - - - - - -- -- - - - - - - - -- - - - -- - - - - -

- - - - u - -

-- - - - - - -

4 J;)Caps. mHl s :md boys

__--- ---- ------------------------------

88qCas hmere :

C as 11 mOra " s \\'(: a tcr:i - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

.. - - - - - - - - - -

Ladies ' coo.(s- - -. - - - - - - - - -

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

11 ().i:\J c n sea a t~3 - -

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

1 :1 fi;,

Con,ts:Lad ic' ' an cl j un ior wii3:::'

.'::: ' - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

388I'd cn

:::- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - -

;-348J~llglish ~jports Coats , mcn :3__ ------------------------------ S

Fahrics___

------------- --- ----

---------------- -15~) , 556 , 725 1008 , ):15-Interlinings- -

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - -

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ~)88 , 'i~iSJackets , Il\Voolmastcr

__- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - -- -

H31l'vlen s jackets- - -

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - -

4(\7He m n an ts - - - - - -

-- - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - -- - - -- - - -- -- - - - - -

5;) 6

Sport coats , men s- - - - - - -

-- - - - - -- -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - -

15.'J

Vicuna coats , men s____

--------------- -------------------------

1365\V 001 stocks- - - -

- -- -- - - - - - -- - - - - - - -- - - - - -- - - - -- - - - - -- -- - - - -- - - -

4 :12

8\):3

Zip Instant. Water Heater

_____-----------------------------------

792

STIPULATIONSl'f1J.!e

Ii Alp h a -- C- r' 111 S" fl r t. h l' i t j s tiT at il H' 11 L - - - - -

- - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - -

Arthritis treatment: " AJph::1- Plll:';

----_. _------ -_._------------

AL,tomatic po~ lltr.\" efjUiplnenL - - -

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - --

Automobiles

, "

Triumph" - -

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - --

\..ntomotive clutches. n:built -

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - --

l4f12 (9'Hil)HI2 (9461)

14\)0 (fH55)1401 (9459)

.1(\'

. " ,) ,) ))

Bicycles, " 7\ra(~l' in : '..me1'il'

__--------------- -----------------

J4~):? (U4t;O)Bonk::,:u - - - - -- -

-- - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - -- -- -- - -- - -- - - -- -- - - - - -- - - --

1439 (0452)

Clocks , chrome and jc\I"eled_--____---------------------------- 1491 (D45D)Called-ion forms-- - -- - -

- - - - - - - - - -- - -- - - - - - -- - - -- - - -- - -- - -- - - - -

1489 (94,52)Commodity futurE's management services- - -

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

1494 (9467)


STIPULATIONSPage

Encylopedia of Gardening____--

------ - -- -- - -- --- - -- -- -- - - - -- -

1495 (9470)

Filter- :Matic" water conditioneL_--___----------------------- 1489 (9453)

Gardening encyclopcdia- - - -- - -

- -- - - -- - - - - - -- -- - -- - -- - -- - - - - --

1495 (9470)

Jeweled clocks- - - - - -

- - - - -------- - -- - - - - - - - - -- - -- - - - - -- - --- --

1491 (9459)

Lubricating oil , used--_- 1491 (9457); 1493 (9464); 1495 (9471); 1496 (9473)

Machines for cleaning motion picture film--____---------------- 1495 (9472)Management services , commodity futures_____------------------ 1494 U)467)Men s suits- - - - -

- -- - -- -- -- - - - --- - - -- - - - - - - - - -- - - -- - - - -- - - - -

- 1490 (9456)

Motion picture film , machines for cleaning__--__---------------- 1495 (9472)

New Illustrated Encyclopedia of Gardening

" ---- - - -- -- - - - -- - - - -

1495 (9470)

Oil , used lubricating--_- 1491 (9457); 1493 (9464); 1495 (9471); 1496 (9473)

Phonograph needles , synthetic:J ev.' el" - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

Sapphire

" ----- - --- ---- --- ---- -- -- ----- ---

1492 (9462);Photographic reproductions_- -- - -

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - -

Pbotoillurals- -- - -

- - - - - - - -- -- - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - --

Poultry equipment, automatic___-- - - -- - - -

- - - - - - -- - -- - - - -- - - ---

1492 (9462)1493 (9463)1493 (9465)1493 (9465)1490 (9455)

Services , commodity futures management__----_---------------- 1494 (9467)Sorbonne cou~es - - -

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

1494 (9468)Suits , men s____- -- - - -

---- ---- --- - - - - - - - ---- - - - - - - --- - -- ---- -

1490 (9456)

Travel service-

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - --

Triumph" automobiles-

- - - - - - - - - --- - - - - - - -- - - - - - -- - - - - - - - ---

Water conditioller

_. - - - - -- - --- - -- - - -- - - - - - - - - -- ---- - --- -- - - - --

Water heaters , gas or electric- - - - -

--- --- - -- -- - - -- -- -- - - - -- - - --

1494 (~)468)1491 (9459)

1489 (9453)1491 (9458)

INDEX


Accredited educational institution: Correspondence school falsely repre- Pagesented as- - -

--- - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - -- - - - - - -- -- - - -- - - - -- - - -- - -

Acquiring competitor in violation of Sec. 7 , Clayton Act- -- 44 254 321 614 1278Advertising allowances , discriminating in price through_--____-------_u 106

226 581 , 693 , 953 , 960, 1058, 1065 , 1205

Advertising and promotional services , misrepresenting as to- - - - n- - u n n 843Advertising falsely or misleadingly:

Business status , advantages , or connections-Advertising and promotional services

- - - - - -

u - -- - - - -- - -- - - Connections or arrangements with-

Old firm - -

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

305Well-known firms___-- - - -

- - - - - - - - -- - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - -

1231Correspondence school being college or accredited educational

institution - -

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

Dcaler being-Designer or originatoL___un_u_---------------_u__n 984Exclusive distributor

----- ----- - -- -- ----- -- - - -

--- --- 1357 1422Factory storeroom -

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

989:.\1anufactureru_uu-----_u_--- 398 782 1092 1220 1325, 1365Refiner or smelter_____u_u_--_uu__n_n_--u------- 1097Wholesaler _u_--- -- -

- - - -- ----- -

- _u - -

--- - -- -- - - - -- - - - -

1442Financing activities_____--------------_u__u_--_u- 352 398 1321Foreign operationsu - n- -

- - - - -

u u n- - nn -

-- - - -

n- __n

- - - -

1365Government connection- S. Civil Service Commission- - - - - 220 , 1182Individual or private business being-Educational organization - - 247Location - - - - - -

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

1325Nature of businessu_- -

- -

n -- - -

- -- -- - - -- - -

n n - - n - n - - 1019, 1325Personnel or staff u_- - -

- - - - - --

_n - -- n

--- - - -

n - n- n n - - 247 , 1231Plant and equipment___u_u__nn---------------_n_-- 352 1321

Qualifications and abilities____u_-----n__n_------------ 966 1231Size and extenLu____--_uu__u_---------- 127 305, 352 375, 1321Stock or product available--u___uu_--_n_---------------- 1150Time in business_u_uu_---------------_u_--- 127 141, 375, 1357

Comparative merits of producL---- 70, 122 428 537 1000 1231 1302 1349Composition of product:

Federal Trade Commission Actu - -- - -

- - -- - - --- - - -- - --

n -- - - - 70339 413, 442 , 705, 1150, 1156 , 1177, 1431

Fur Products Labeling Act__u----__--__--n--_u_u_- ---- 293 333Textile Fiber Products Identification Act- -

- - - - - --

u - u -- - - -- 12 , 742Degrees and diplomas_____uu----- _u -- -

- -- - - - - -- - - - - -

u - --- - Earnings and profits____--------------u 132 216 247 305 920 984 1220Free products or services_u--___u_----------- 543 920 1061 1150, 1422

843

I Covering practIces and matters involved in Commission orders, For index of commodities ue Table ofCommodities. References to matters involved in vacating or dismissing orders are indicated by italic3.

1507



Advertising falsely or misleadingly-Continued PageGovernment connection or indorsement, Civil Service Commission 424 , 1182Government source of produck - - u - - -- - -- -- - - u u - u - -

- - - - - - - --

848Government standards conformance

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - '('

Governmen t tests - - - - - -

- -

u - u - -- - - -- -- -- u - - -

- - - - - - -

u u - u - 424Guarantees- - u u_--- -- ------ _u - _u- - u - _u - -- u -

- - -

u - u - - - - 122220, 242, 305 , 3. , 442, 507 , 848, 960, 975, llG7, 1231 , 13211349 , 1377 , 1418, 1422

History of producL_--____u_-_u----------------_u 273, 287 3a~) 1010Identity of produck -

- -

u u -

- - - - - - -- - - -- - - -

u - -- - - - u - - - - -

- - - - -

843Individual' s special selection_--__u----u_---u__u_---u 132 247 1182Indorsement of product-national organizations--__uu_--u_-- -_u- 782Jobs and employment--u__u_u_--- _u 132 220 5-17 , US4 , 1182 , 1312Limited offers or supply_uu_u-------_u--u__uu_----------- 5472\lanufacture or preparation of product-Federal Trade Commission

Act See also Fur Products Labeling Act_----_- 753 , 7GD , ~)GO , 110- , 1377J.\ature of produeL__--_uu_uu_--- -------_uu_---_u_u_- 451 5:37Old or used product bcing nc"- _--_----------_u_-----uu 102 127 1315Opportunities in product or servicc- - ---_u_-- 216 220 247 5-:17 , !)S-:I , 1312Prices:

Additional charges unmentionecL

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

1071Bait" offers_--u__--------------------------- 398

, -

142 1071 12:31Comparativc__uuuuu__u_------- 170 , 5Hi , 1212 , 1216 122.\ 12D7Demonstration reductions_____

-----------------------

3V8, 4':12 , fJG6Exaggerated being usual retaiL--____--u_----u_-_u_u_---- 132

188 , 242, 296 312 406 , 4G3 , 489, 51G , 717 , 773 , 8c13, 8~lS

85:3 , 885 , 9:30 , ~)95, 1023: 102D , 1150, 1167 , 131D, 1371H18 , 1422 , 14'1::!,

Fictitious marking_ _- - u - - -

--- ---- -- --- - - - - -- - -- -- - -

- -- - -- - 2'J216:) 480 717 885 , nSD , 1029, 1258, 1~)71 , 1377 118

Forced or sacrifice sales

- - - - .. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

9S~). 1177Percentage savings_--_u_--------- 29(\ , ~)l2 , 717 , 77:3, 1132 , 1l7;) , 1315~~avjngs__ __-----_u_u_-_u---------_u_-_u- ;)52 , 10D2 , 1~-)21

Terms and eonditions______u_-----_u_----_u_-

---- ----

305Usual H:::; reduced or speciaL__u_ __----------- 2- 132 352 , 7i- ;), 1:321

Prizes: " Door openers

" - - - - - -- - - - -

u - - - - u - - -

- - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - -

L3:2

Qualities or results of prodl1ct-Correctiwu____--_uu-------_u_u----_u HI , 2" , 537 , SO:; , 101GCosmeti e

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 237 , 5a;3

Durability or permanenCl' -------------_u 795 1177 1231 , 13cJO , 1-:1.22

EeoIlomizing- -- - -

- -

u - -

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

u - -

- - - - - - - - -

u - 1177HeaU ng - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

.. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

702::\Iedieinal , therapeutic- - -

- ----

u_- - - -- - -- - _u - u

-- -- -

u- -- - 58, 237 , 273 507 503 , 60S , 7513 , SO:; , 830 1012 , 1l5G

Orthopedi c

- - - - - -

u u -

- - - ..

u - - -

- - - -

u - u -

-- - - -- - -

u - I- , 80::' 11 O-l

Prenntive or protectivc--

___------

--------------- 97 , GOS, SO:; , 110-Prod ucti \"e-- -- - - - - - u -

- - - -

u - -

- - - .. - - -

u - - - u - - - u - - - u -- - - 920Hedueing, rcnc,ving, or restoring--____u_----- ----- 70 237

, .

593 , 12G:3

Shock-resistant- -- - --- - -- - --

- - - - - - - -- - -

u_- - --- -- -

- - - - ---

1377'Nater-residant- - - - - _u --

--- - -- -- - - -- - - -- --- - -

u-- ---

-- - --

1377Quality of prodl:eL--__uu__uu_u_--- -----_u_-_uu- aGO , 12:31 , 1~377

Quantity of produet- - -

- - -

u -.. - - -- -- u - -..

- - -

u -- -

- - - -.. - - - - -

u -- 1225

INDEX 1509

DECISIONS AND ORDERH

Advertising falsely or misleadingly-Continued Page

Refunds_- - - - --

-- - - - - -- - -- - - - -- - - - --

-- - - - - - -- - - - -- - 216 305, 5- , 1220Results of produet___-----------

------------

------- 428 537 1000 1452

Safety of productu__----------------------- ----_u 287 393 753, 792

Sample, offer or order conformance__--_--_--_u_-------- 543 1071 1220

Scientific or other relevant facts__

------------------------

----- 122273, 398 , 42,1 , 537 , 608 , 920 , 98, , 1097 , 1182

Security of investimenL______-----------------

------------ ---

984

Select groups- - -

- - - - - - - - _ ..: - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

170

Senices--____------------------------------- 170 547 1182 1220, 1231

Size or weight or producL--_____-------

-------------- ----------

1371

Source or origin of produet-Go\ernlnent - - -

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

History - - - -

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

I\-1aker- Fur Products Labeling AcL -

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

Place-Domestic as imported______--

----- ---------

--- 413 843 , no,Foreign , in generaL_- - -- -

- - -- - - - - - - -

u -- - -- -- -

- - -- - - - - -

50'1

IInported as domestic- -

- -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

50S

Special or limited otfers- - -

- - - - ---- - - - - - - - - -- - -

-- 24 305 966 , 1071 , 11/7Surveys - - - - - - - - - -

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

242Terms and conditions - -

- - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

u - - - 920, 984Tests - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

1302Unique nature of producLu_-_--

----- ----- -----

------- 537 1302Value of procluck_____--

-____

h_--___

_----- ------

- 451 853 920 947Advertising matter , supplying false and misleading_

____-

-------------- 50-1

507 , 769 , 0GO , 975 , 1302 , 1349Allo",.anccs for servi ccs and facilities , c!iseri m: !latj ng in price throu glL - - -

- -

1 G

106 226, 26G , 5S1 , 693 , 785, 053 , 9GO , 105S , 10G5 , 1205A micus curiae: Order denying request by trade association to intervene

, in "pa~yola" caSCS-_h_h--_--__ h_----

--___ -__-_-- ----------

1485

Appropriating trade name or mark of product unla,vflllly-Fur ProductsLa beli ng Act- - - - - - - - - -

- - - - - - - - - .. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

Approval or indorsement of product , falsely claiming--___----

-------

Assuming or using misleading trade or corporate name:Correspond cnce school being eollegc- -- -

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

Dealer bei ng-~lanufacturc~- - --- --

- - - - - - - - - --- - - - ----- - -- --- -- - -- - ------

lleliner or smelter -

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

Government connection

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

Individud or private busim:ss being-Ed u ~ational organizati OlL - - - h - -

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - -

2,17

Cui lcL - h - - -

- - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - -- - - -- - - - - -- - - -- - - - - - -- - - - -- -

1340

Location of b\1sine:::s- - - -

--- - - - - - - -- - - -- - - - - -- - - -- - - - --- - - - - -- -- -

1325

Nature of bm;inl':::~-- h_---- --_h_-

----- ------- ----

- 1097 1325

848930

10lt)

512782

13251097709

Bait" otrcr~~: l\ing to obtail11eacl::: to prospectsh_ --- 39S, "142 1071 122,1

Bribing c~!:4oJ)lcrs ' emp)o~" ('e~- payola" - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 166' , /;.109 ;';30 , SO;'; 361

Brol,eragc pa)"me!lt::: ~tncl Hcc:;.'ptalJccs , illegal: Discriminating in pTiee

throut,:;h - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 86J SO, ;-WG , -'lS7 , ':IDS , 5~2 , 527 , 52\), 5GO, 578 , 68D , 729 , 732 , 735, 780

7SD. S3G , D:2U , ll1G , 1274 , 1428, HoD, HAG.

G93-'! !JO- !J 7



Business status , advantages , or connectjons; misrepresenUng See Adver-tising falsely, etc. ; Assuming, etc. ; MisrepresenUng business, etc. ; Mis-representing directly, etc.

Buyers ' agents , illegal brokerage payments to_---------------------- 86 1116Buyers , direct, illegal brokerage payments to--- - -

- - - - -- - -- - -- - -- - - - -

- - 86180 , 366 , 487 , 498 , 522 , 527 , 529 , 560, 578 , 689 , 729, 732, 735, 780789, 836 926 1116 , 1274 1428 1439 1446.

Buying groups , discriminating in price in favor oL_____------------- 598 1333

Cash discounts , discriminating in price through illegaL__----_---------- 674Catalog insert sheets , supplying misleading -- - - -- -

- -- - -- - -- - - - - - - - - - - -

188Catalogs , supplying misleading-- - -

- -- -- --

nn -

- -- -- -- -- -

nn -

- -- -- --

795Chain stores, discriminating in price in favor oL------__--__--h__-- 418, 1333Civil Service Commission:

Falsely claiming connection witlL - -

- -- - - - -- - - - - - - - - -- -- - -- - - -- --

Falsely representing approval by - - -

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - --

Civil Service employment, misrepresenting as to_

- - -- -- - -- -- - -- - -- - - - --

Claiming or using indorsements or testimonials falsely or misleadingly:Accredited educational institutions____- - -

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - --

1\ ational organizations -

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - --

U ni versities -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

Clayton Act:Sec. 2-Discriminating in price-

Sec. 2(a)-Illegal price differentials-Arbitrary customer classification - - -- - -

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

598Arbitrary discounts- -

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

107GCash cJiscollnts____------------------------- ----------- 6HGroup buyers, chain stores , etc._ ----------------- 418, 598, 1:333

Preferential discounts -

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

357

Quantity discounts and rebates--_ _-------------------- 418 674Sec. 2(b)-Escape clauses-

A vailable only where seller is acting in self clefense- -

- -- - ---

Not applicable where seller is obtaining ne\," customers-

----

Presuppose existence of competition - --- -- -

- - - - -- -- - - - - - --

Sec. 2(c)- lllegal brokerage payments and acceptances-Buyers' agents_----_------------------------ 86, 560 780 1116Cutting brokerage___n_------------------------------- 180

487 498, 522 , 527 , 529 , 578. 729, 732 , 735, 780 , 789, 1274Direct buyers -

- - - -- -- - -- - - - -- - -- - -- - -- -- - -

- - - - - - - - - -- - 86180 , 366 , 487 , 498, 522 , 527 , 529 , 560, 578, 689, 729 , 7:32, 735

780 789 , 83G , 926, 1116 , 1274 , 1428, 1430, 1446.

Sec. 2(d)-Allowances for advertising and promotion _--____---- 716, 106, 226, 266, 525, 581 , 693 , 953, 960, 1058, 1065, 1976

1089 1205.Applicability of Sec. 2(b)--__--_------------------------

Sec. 2(e)-Furnishing services or facilities-Promotional enter-prises - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 482 , 785

Sec. 3-Dealing on exclusive and tying basis--_--_---------

---- ---

1080

Sec. i-Acquiring competitoL___----------------- 44 254 321 614 1278

Coercing and intimidating:Customers or prospective customers-- --- - -

- - -- - -- -. - - -

-- - - - 5:32 , 583, 1182Distributors

- - - -- -- - - - -- - - - - - -- - - - - -- -- - - - - - - - - -- - - - -- -- - -

1035, 1080College, correspondence school falsely represented as- -

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

1182220547

782

674674674

106

INDEX 1511


Combining or conspiring to:Cut off competitors ' supplies--____--------------------_u_------Eliminate competition in conspirators ' goods- - - - - - -

- - - - - - - - - - - - - --

Fix prices and hinder competition by-Exchanging price information - -

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

706Freight-equalization and delivered-pric.e systems- - - - - -

- - - - - - - - -

706Restricting sources of supply of competing processors - - - - - - - - - - 706

Sell products deceptively - - -

- - -

u - - u - - - u - - - u - U U - U U - -

- - -

930Comparative merits of products , misrepresellting as to -

.:. - - -

- - - - - - - - - - - - 70122 , 428, 537 , 1000 , 1231 , 1302 , 1349

Comparative pric.es , misrpresenting as to_u__u 170 516 1212 1216 1225 1297

Competitors ' products , disparaging or misrepresenting__--_u_._u_---_u 1302Composition of product , misrepresenting:

Federal Trade Commission Act-- -- - - u U -

- - -- - -- - - -

u - u - - - - - - - - 70175 201 330 413 442 722 795 956 1150 1156 1177 1431

Fur Products Labeling AcL_u_ ----_u_-_u_---_uu_- ----_u_- 150184, 293, 206 , 33:3, 370, 436, 463, 512, 516, 552, 573, 853, 857

867 , 877 , 881 , 893 , 047 , 089 , 1005 , 1023, 11 08, 1132, 11 73, 1207

1212, 1216, 1225 , 1297, 1315 , 1362 , 1374 , 1449.Textile Fiber Prod ucts Identification Act- -

- - - -

u - U - U - -- - u - - - u 12742 748 1112 1146 1305 1344 1431

Wool Products Labeling AcLu____u__u- 155 348 388 413 432 459 467556 725 738 889 893 979 1008 1164 1354 1365 1431

Concealing, obliterating, or removing law-required or informative marking:Foreign origin of producL--___-_uuu--u_u_u- 501 568 971 1329 1408

Connections or arrangements with others, misrepresenting as to. See

Advertising falsely, etc. ; Misrepresenting business, etc. ; Misrepresentingdirectly, etc.

Contracts and agreements , illegal: Maintaining resale prices through_u - - 1035

Corrective qualities of product, misrepresenting as to_------------_u_- 141242 537 803 1016 1104

Page706706

Correspondence school falsely represented as:Accredited educational institution - - -

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

College or university - -

- - - - - -

u - - u - -

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

Cosmetic qualities of product, misrepresenting as to_---------_u_---- 237 593

Court documents, simulating_____uu__uu_----_u_----_uu_---u- 1182

Customer classification , discriminating in price through

- - - - - -

u - - - - u - u 598

Cutting brokerage , discriminating in price through- -- -

- - - - - - - -

u - - - - - 180 , 789

Cutting off competitors ' supplies - -- - - -

- - - - - - - - -

u u U U U u U U - - u - 706

Dealer falsely representing self as:Designer or originator - -

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

984

Exclusive distributoL___u_--------- -----------------_u_-- 1357 1422

Factory storeroom-

- - -

u u - - u - - - -

- - - - - -

u - -

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

u - - 989

ManufactureL- --u__uu_- -------_u- 398 782 1092 1220 1325 1365

Refiner or smelteL - - -

- - - - - -

u - - - - u - - - - u - -- - u u - -

- -

u - U - - u 1097

WholesaleL -- - - u -- - u -

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

u - -

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

1442

Dealing on exclusive and tying basis in violation of Sec. 3 , Clayton AcL- 803 , 1080

Degrees and diplomas , misrepresenting as 1.0- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Delaying or withholding corrections , adjustments , or action owecL - 532 543 , 583

Demonstration reductions , misrepresenting prices through purported- - - - - - 398442 , 966

Designer or originator , dealer falsely representing self as_- u u -

- - - - - - -- -

984


DECISIONS XKD OIWEHSPage

Diplomas and degrees , misrepresenting as to -

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ~ - - -

Direct buyers , illegal brokerage payments tOn n - h - h - -

- -

n - n -

- - -

n - 861 SO , 366 , 487 , 498 , 522 , 527, 529 , 560, 578 , 689 , 729 , 732, 735 , 780789 836 , 926 , 1116. 1274 , 1428 , l- , J.446.

Disc jockeys ' acceptance of " payola

" - --

n h n n - - - -- - - 166 209, 230, 302 361Discounts, discriminating in price through illegal:

Cash- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

674Q u an ti ty -

- - - - - - - -- - -- -- - - - --

n -- - -- -

- - - - - - - -- - -

-- n - - - - - - - - 418 , 674Discriminating in price in violation of:

Clayton Act Sec. See, 2(a)-Illeg~1 price differentials-

Arbitrary clIstomer el~lssi::1catioil

----- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

598Arbi trary disco un ts - - - - --

-- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - -

10-; 6Cash discounts- - - - n - - -

- - - - -- - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

674Group buyers. chain stores, etc____--------------- 418 598 133:3Preferential ditOcounts-

- - - -

n -- -

- - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

n - - 357Quantity discounts and rebates--__--_----------------- 418 674

~ec, 2(c)- Ilkgal brokerage payments p-.nd acceptances-Buyers ' agcnts- - -- -- -- - n - n - - - -- -- - -- - -- - -- 86 560 780, 111 G

Direct buyersu - - SG , 180 366 487 , -IUS , 5:::2 , 5~7 , 52D , 560. 578 , 689,729 7:32 735 780 789 836 926 1116 127'1 1428 1439 , 1HG

Reduced brokerage - - -

- - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

n - -- - JEW487

, -

IDS , 522 , 527 , 5~H

, ,

)78 720 , 7:32 , ,~j5 , n:o , 7~:9 , 1:27-fSee. 2 (cl)-Allowanccs for advertising and promotiOlL - - -

- - - - - - ':

, 1 OG

226, 260 5:25 581 69:3 953. 960 , 10.58 1065 , 1(17(\ 10Sn 120;jt~ec. 2(e)-Furnishing services or facilities-Promotional enter-

prises- - - --

---- - --- - - - --- - - -- --- ---- -- - - - -- - - ----- -

- - - 01:8:2 7S5Federal Trade Commission Act, Sec. 5- lnd ucing or receiving dis-

criminatory prices - n - -

- - - - -- -- - - - -- - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - -

n -

- - - - - -

11.1)

Disparaging competitors ' products , performance_- - -

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

1302Distributors, coercing and intimidating____-----------_n_-------- 1035, 1080Domestic products , misreprescnting-

As importcd___--__------------n_-----------_n--- 1 413, 843 1::357

Imported or foreign as--h_-_-_nnnn .15 500 , D60 , 12, , 1329 , 1340, 1408Domestic products , public preference for - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 960 , 1329 , 1 :140, 1408

Door openers : Prizes-J\Jisrepresenting value oL - - -- - -- - -- n- - ----- - ---

----- -

- -- h - - - 132Oft'ering, as "bait" to prospective purchasers- -

- - -- - - -- -- - -- - -- - -- -

13~Durability of produet , misrepresenting as to_------- 795 1177 , 1231 , 1~H9 , 1422

Earnings and profits. misrepresenting as to- - - - 13:2 210 247 , S05 , 920 , 984 1220Economizing qualities of product , misrepresenting as to- - - -

- - - - - - - - - - - -

1177Educational organiz~,tion , individual or private business falsely rep-

resented as- - - - - - -

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

247Effectiveness of product , misrcprcsenUng as to-

-----------------------

Enforcing dealings or payments \vrongfully - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 532 , 58:)Exchange of price information , fixing prices through - - -

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

70G

Exclusive dealing in violation 0; Sec. 3 , Clayton AcL -

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

1080E~:clll:3ive distrib lltor, dealer misrepresen Ling self a~L - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1357 , 1422

~~""!!!i'"

Facilities and services diseriminatil1g b price through nllon'anecs for:

~j. '

Cbyton Act. Sec. 2(e)_

_____

h--__------

"--- --------

------- 482 785Federal Trade Commission Act , See, 5______-

-------

----------- In, lOG , 22G , 482 581 693 , 7S5 , 953 , 960 , 105S , 1065 120,)

INDEX 1513

J)ECISIOXS ,\ ND ORDERSPage

Factory storeroom dealer falsely representing self as_

.. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

089Fictitious pricing- -

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1132 155 188, 242 463 489 717 872 885 989 1029 , 1258 , 1377 , 1418

Financing ac tivitics. misrepresenting as to - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 352 , 398 , 1321:Flammable Fabrics Act:

Furnishing false guaranUes_____----------------------------- 343 1068Importing, seJling, or transporting Hamma hIe wear - - - - - - - - - 343 , 1100 11 "13

Forced or sacrifice sales , misrepresenting prices through purportecl- - - - 989 , 1177Foreign marking::; , removing- - -

- - - - - - - - - - - -- - -- - - - -- - - - - -- - - - - -- - - - -

971Foreign operations , misrepresenting as to- - -

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

Foreign products , misrepresenting-\s domestic - -- -- -- - -- -- -- -

- - - -- - -- - -- -- - -- - - -

- 45 , 568 , 960 , 1329 , 1:340Domestic I1S--_--__-------------------------------------- 1 843 , H57Foreign in generaL - -

- - - -- - - - - - -- -- - - - - - - - - - - - -- -- - - - - - - - - - - - - -

504N on-disclosure of origin - - - -- - -

- - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- -- -

971Free , misrepf()s(~nting products or services as_--_----- 543 920 1061 1150 1422Freight-equalization and delivered-price systems, fixing prices througlL - - 706Furnishing false guaranties:

F1ammalJlc FD.brics AcL - - -- - - -- - -- - -

- - - - -- -- - -- - -- - - -- - -

- - - 3,13 , 1068Fur Proc111cts Lab('ling Act--u__------------------- 212 478 1005 1308Textile Fiber Products Identification i\ct--------------- 197 748 1100Wool Prod \Jets Labeling AcL - -

- - - - -- -- - - - -- - -- -- -- -- - - -- - -- - - - - -

738Furnishing means and instrumentalities of misrepresentation and deception:

Ach-ertising matter_ ------------------ D04 , 507 , 7G9. 060 , 975 , 1302 , 1349Catalog insert ~~heets and price lists___------------------------- 188 795False invoicing- h - - h - - h -- - - -- -- -

- - -- -- -- - -

- h - - -

- - -

h h - -- 283 , 956Non-diselosure of foreign origin

_--_--__------------------ ;~,

, 1329 , 1:340Non-disclosure of rebuilt. oillsed condition_----___--_h_-------- 102 127Preticketed lllcrchandise-

--- - -- - - -

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1 , H6188 201 , 317 , 33~) , 507 , 742 843 872 960 1029 1258 1371 1377

Fur Products Labeling Act:Adnrtising falselY------h_------------ 203, 296 , :333, 463, 516 , 853 , 885

947 089, 1019, 1023 , 1029 11:32 1212 , 1216 1225 1297 1:315Appropriating trade name or mark unlawfullY_____ ---------_h_h- .112Failing to reveal information required by ---

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - --

-- 499:3 , 150 , 184 , 192 205 212 , 233 261 , 270 293 , 296 , 333 370 379,383 436 463 478 495 516 552 564 573 589 603 853 , 857 , 867877 881 885 893 947 989 , 1005, 1019 , 1023 , 1l08, 1132 11381207 1212 1216 122;) 1297 1308 1315 1347 1:362 , 1374 , 1449.

Furnishing fabe guaranties -- - -- -

- -- - - -- -- - - -- --

-- -- 212 , '17S , 100. , 1308Furnishing means of misrepresentation -

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

1029In voi cin~ fa lscl

y - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - --

93.1 SO, 18- , 192 205 212 23:3 , 2()) , 270, 296 , :33:3 , :370 , 379 , 383 , 436478 495, 512 516 552 564 573 589 603 853 857 867 , 877 , 881885 , 893 947 , 9S9, 1005, 102:3 , 1108 , 1l:32 , 1207 , 1212 , 12161297 1308 131.") , )362 1374 , H4!),

::\lisbranding or mislabeling--

__-------------- ---

--------------- 49

150 205 212 233 261 270, 333 370, 383 436 , 4U5 , 512 , 516 , 552573, 589, 603 857 867 881 947, 989, 1023 1029 1108 , 1207 12251297 1308 , 1315.

Using misleading product name_-h __

--___

h-- h__ ____--- 184 203 512

German hand tools - -

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

1408



Government, misrepresenting: PageAppro" aI , connection , indorsement, etc. , bY-__h_hh_- 220 424 799, 1182Employment opportunities______h-------------------------- 547 1312Forms and questionnaries , simulating- h - -- - - -- -- -

- -- -- -- -- -- - - --

799Source of productu_-- - -- -

- --- --- - --- -- --- ---- - --- -- - -- -- - - - -- -

848Standards or specifications conformance

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

756Test , falsely claiming - - h - - -- --

- - - -

h - - -

- -- - - -- - - - - - -- -- - - - - - --

424Group purchasers , discriminating in price to- h__-_h__--__--------- 418 598Guarantees, misleading___--_h_------- - 122 , 212 , 220 , 242 305 352 442 507

564 , 848, 960, 975, 1167, 1231 1321 1340, 1349 1377 1418, 1422Guaranties , furnishing false___h__-------- 197 343 478 1005 1068 1100 1308Guild , private business falsely represented as-_-h___--__-------------- 1340

Heating qualities of product , misrepresenting as to - - - - -

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

792History of product , misrepresenting as to____h----__-- 273 287 393 930, 1019

Identity of product, misrepresenting as to_---------h--h___------ 843, 872Imported products or parts, misrepresenting-

As domesticu____--------------------- 45 413 568, 960 1329, 1340 1408Domestic as-____-----_-h--___--_-----------_h_- 1 843 1258, 1:)57

Imported products removing foreign markings_u- - -

- - -

h - -

- - - - - - - - - -- -

971Importing, selling, or transporting flammable weaL - - -- -

- - - -

--- 343 , 1100 , 1143Individual or private business falsely represented as:

Educational organization -

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

247Guild- - --- --

--- - - - - --- - - ---- - - - --- -- - - --- - - -- - ---- -- - - - ---- -

1340Individual' s special selection , misrepresenting as to- -- 132, 247 , 473, 1182, 1201

Indorsement or approval of product , falsely claiming- -

- - - - - - - - -

53, 424 , 782

Inducing or receiving illegal price discriminations-Federal Trade Com-mission Act , Sec. 5----____---------------------

------------------

Interlocutory orders , etc.Denying motion requesting modification of desist order to permit use

of fashion designer s trade names- -

- - - - - - -- - -- -- -- -- - -- - - - - - - - -

1479Denying motions to disqualify CommissioneL--___---------------- 1488Denying request by trade association for leave to intervene as a1n1 C/18

cunae-

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

Denying respondents ' motion for modification of desist ordeL- -

----

Denying respondent' s motion to file reply brief

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

Denying respondents ' petitions to reopen and set aside desist orders inpayola" cases -- - - -- -

- -- -- - - - - -- - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - --

Directing issuance of supplemental complaint -

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

Modifying consent agreement to include stipulatiOll

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - --

l\I odifying order of divestiture - - -

- - - - -

h - -- - - -- - - h - -

. - - - - - - - -- -

Striking prior desist order and substituting modified order , re adver-tising of stamps- -

---- -- - --- -- -- - --- - - --- - - - - - -- --

-- -- - --- _h 1482Investment , mjsrepresenting security OL_h

___

_--_---__--__--h_

--__--

084Invoicing products falsely:

Federal Trade Commission Ark -

- - -

.. - - - - - - - - - 283 , 4:3:2, 725 , 7:\8, 056

Fur Products Labeling AcL___h______------------------

-------

93,150 , 18Lj, 192, 205 , 212, 2~B , 261 , 270, 296 , :3:3:3, :379 , 38:3, 436,

478, -JU5, 512, 516 , 552, 5t;cJ , 57:-;: 58~! , 60:3, 857 , 867 , 877 , 881

885 , 8~n, 980, 1000, 102:~ , 110S , 11:-;2, 1207 , 1212 , 1216, 12251297, 1:308, 1:-;1.5, 1362, 1:17.,1 , 144~)

Textile Fiber Products Identification Act____------------

---------

Wool Produets Labeling Act____-

--------------------

-- 432 1008, 1365

119

148514791479

14851487148:)1481

INDEX 1515


Jobs and employment opportunities , misrepresenting___-- - - -- - --- - - -- --~; 132247, 547 , 984 , 1182 , 1312 , 2203

Limited or special , falsely representing offers or supply as---__---------- 24304 , 473 , 547 , 966 , 1071 , 1177

Location of business , misrepresenting as to - - -

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

1325Lottery devices or schemes: selling or supplying in commerce- -

- - - - - - - - -

278Low-calorie qualities of product, misrepresenting as to - - - -

- - - - - - - - - - - - -

Lowering price to buyers by cutting brokerage- -

- - - - -- - - -- - - -- - - - -

- - - - 487498 , 522 , 527 , 529 , 57S , 729, 732 , 735 , 780 , 7S9

Maintaining resale prices: illegal contracts and agreements- - -

- - - - - - - - - -

1035Maker of product , misrepresenting as to- -

- - -- -- - - - - - - - - - - -- -- -- - - -

- - - 556872 877 885 893 1019 1132 1164 1315 1365

Manufacture or preparation of product , misrepresentinfo, as to:Federal Trade Commission Act____-------------- 753 769 960 1104 1377Fur Products Labeling AcL____-------------------------------- 212

436, 463 , 478, 495, 564 , 573, 589, 853, 857, 867, 877, 881 , 947

9S9 , 1023, 1108, 1132, 1173, 1207, 1212 , 1216, 1225, 1297 , 1308

1315 , 1362 , 1449,Manufacturer, dealer misrepresenting self as- - - - 398 782 , 1092 1220 1325 , 1365Medicinal or therapeutic qualities of product, misrepresenting as 1.0_- - - - - 97

237 273 593 608 756 803 839 1012 1156Mills , misleading use of term__----__----------------------------- 1325

Misbranding or mislabeling:Composition of product_--_------------------------------ 201 339 722

Fur Products Labeling AcL______----------- 333 436 512 867 1023Textile Fiber Products Identification AcL- - 748, 1112 1146 1344 1431Wool Products Labeling Act_--__------------------- 155 348 413

432 459 467 556 738 889 893 979 1008 1164 1354 , 1365 , 1431Manufacture or preparation of product_--_---------------- 769 960 1377

Fur Products Labeling Act___----------- 205 212 495 589 947 1308Price_----___-- 1, 146 155 188 242 317 370 872 989 995 1315 1371 1377Quality of product___--------------------------------------- 960 1377Size of producL_----__- - --- -- ---- -

- --- ---- - -- - - - - - -- - -- ------ -

1371Source or origin of prod ucL - - - -

- - -- -- - - - - -- - - -- -- - - - -- - - - - - - - - -

872Maker-

Fur Products Labeling Act- -- -- -

- -- - - -- -- - - - - - - -- -- - - - -

1315Wool Products Labeling AcL______--------------------- 1164

Place-As domestic- -- - -

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

1340Domestic as

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

- - - - - 1 , 8 , 1258Foreign in general- - -

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 504

Statutory requirements-Fur Products Labeling Act--__------------------ ----------- 49

, 150 23:3 261 270, 383 436 516 552 573 , 603 857 867 881947 1023 1108 1207 1225 1297.

Textile Fiber Products Identification AcL--_--_-- 197 742 1112 1431Wool Products Labeling AcL - -- - -- - - -- -- 388 413 467 725 889 , 1008

Value of product- - -- - -- -- -- - -- -- - - --

- - - - -- - - -- -- - - - - - - -- - - - - --

1377Misrepresenting business status , advantages , or connections:

Connections or arrangements with-Old firn1 -

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

305Well-known firms__--__--------------------------------- 473 1231



1\1 if::rppre~entillg bu:"ine:"ii status , advantages , or connections-CuIltinnedDealer being- Page

Designer or originator n - -

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - -- - - - - - - -

984Exclnsive distributoL_-- - -

- -- - - - - - - - - - - - - -- -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

1357Manufacturer--_____--------------------- 398 782 1092 1220 1325 .

Financing activities- - -

- -- - -- - - - -- -- - - - - -- - - - - -- -

-- - - - -- - 352 , 398. 1321Foreign operations_ n - - -

- --- - ----- -- - - - -- - ---- - - --- - - - - -

--u - - 1 , 13(j5GovernmelJt. connection- Civil Service Col1nnission

_- - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

220Indh' idllal or private business being guild_n______-----------_u_- 13.:10

Location - - - - - -

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

1325K atme- - - - - - u - -

- - - - -- - - - - - - - - -- -

-- - - - u - -- - - -- - - u U -- - - 101 ~\ 1325Personnel or stafT__

____-------------------------------- ----

1201 1231Plant ami eqnirJll1ent--___ -------------------------------- 352 1321Qualifications and abilitics_- --

-- -- - - -- -- - - - - -- -- - - -- - -- - - -

- - - 966 , 1231Size and cxtent..n--_----u_---_u_----------------- 127 305, 352 1321Stock or produet ayailablcn - -

- - - - - -- - - - -- - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - -- - -- - -

1150Time in bnsiness__

__-

------------------------u_----- -- 127, 1.U, 1:3572\J if:Tepresenting directly or orally by self or representatives:

Buf:'inC'ss f'tatus , advantages , or connertion:s-Connections "dth well- known firms - - - -

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - --

Person n el or staff - - - -- - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - -- - -

-- - - - - -- - - - -

1201Qualifications ane! abilitiesu - -

- -- - - - - -- - - -- - -- - - - -- - - - - - - - -

06GCompositifJIl of proe!uct-

Feckral Trade Commission Act__n -- - -

- - - - - - - -- - - -- - - - -- - -

175Fur Proe!lIets Labeling Act____--------------------------- 18':1 379

Earnings and profit::L -

- - -.. - - - -- - - - - - - - - -

u - - u - - -

- - - - - - -

u - -

-.. -

020Free prod u cis

- - - - - - - - - - -- -- - -- - -- - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - -- - -- - - - - - -

020Guar:mtcc' c,: -

- - - -- - - - -- - -- - - -- - - -- -- - - - -- - - - -- -- - - -- - -

- -- - - - 56'1 , 1340Idel~tit.y of producL -

- - - - - - - - - - .. --

u - -

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - -

872Individual' s special seleetion

_____- --------

-------------- 132 -1n, 1201?\bnufactme or preparation of procll1ct- ur Products Labeling AcL- 478

rizesu - - -

- - - - -- - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - -

132Prices-

Demonstration reductioniL - - -- - --- - - -- - - u - - -- -- - -

---- - -- --

Heel 1I cti on for pros peet referrals - -

- - - - .. - - - - - - - - - - - - .. - - .. - - - - - -

1.Tsual being reduced or speciaL - - - -

- - - - -- - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - --..-

Productive qualities of product-- -- - -

- - -.. - - - --

-- - - u - - -

- - -- - - -- --

Hesults____----- -- -- --- -- - -- -

- - -- -- - - ---- -- -- - - - - -- -- ---- - - -

8cicmtific or oth('~r relevant farts- - -

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - --

~ollrcC' or origin of product-plaec-Foreip:n flS domestic___

--_--------------------------- ------

1~j40

Fur T'rodllc.t.:,; L:d)(;!ing AcL______------------- ---- 430 047 122;")

Special or limited otTers or Sllppl:',

----_--------------------

-- 2c , '17:3, 06G

~tatl1t.or.v reqllirenwnts-Fnr Proclncts Laheling AcL____

__--------

478T(o1'l11s and CO1H!itions - - - - -

-- - - .. - - - .. - - - - - - - - - - - .. -. .- - - .. .. - - - - - - - - - -

920aluc of product.. - -

- - - - - - -- - - - - - - -.. - - - - -- - - - -- - - - -- - -- - -- -- -- -

920\1 j:,;reprcsentillg prict's:

Additional charge" ullmentio118d___

--__------------ --------------

1071Bait. 01-1'('1"3_

___ ------------------------------ ------

30S, cJ42, 1071 1231Comparati\"C--

___-----------------------

170 51G , 1212, 1216 , 122. , 12\)7DemoIJi;tration reductions- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 308, 4-12 96G

173

96G1201

920920920

INDEX 1517


1\1 isrepresen ting prices-Con tin uecJ PageExaggerated being usual retaiL - - - -- - -

- - - - - - - - -- -- - - --- - -

------- 1132, 15.5 , 188, 242 296 312 317, 406, 463 489, 516, 717, 77~)843, 848, 853 , 872, 885 , 930 , 995 , 1023, 1029, 1150, 1167 , 13151371 , la77, 1418, 1422 1442.

Fictitious marking_- -- - -- -

---- ---- -- -- --- -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

--- - 132242 463 489 717 872 885 989 , 1020, 1258, 1371 , 1377, 1418

Fictitious preticketing___- -

- - - -- - --- - -- - - - --- - - -

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 11"16 155 , 188 2'12 317 370 507 , 8,j3 1020 1258, 1371 , 1377

Forced or sacrifi ce sales -- - - -- -

~ - -- - -- - - -- - -- - -- - - - -- -- -- - - - - - - -

989Percentage savings___ _---------------- 296 312 717 773 1132 1173 1315Reduction for prospect referrals____-------------------------- 132, 1201Sacrifice or forced salcs_--_------------------------------------- 1177Savings____--------------------------------------- 352 1092. 1321Terms and conditions - -

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

305Usual being reduced or speeial__- .---------- ------ 2-1: 132 , :352 , 773, 1321Value of producL - -

- - - -- - - - - - - - - - -- -- - - - - - -- - -- -- - - - -- - -- - -- --

132l\loel\: ups , telcvision: using deceptive teehniques in advertisiug_- - - - - - - 1452

National organizations , falsely claiming indorsement by

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

782Nature of business. misrepresenting as to_------------------- 1010, 10U7 , 1325Nature of product , misrepresenting as to_-------------------------- c\;Sl 5:)7Neglecting, unfairJy or de('cptin~ly. to make material disclosure:

Compmjtion of product-Federfll Trade Com mis~j 011 --\ ct- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -Fur Products Lnbeljng ArL - -

- - - - - - - - - - - -

h -

- - - - - - - - -- -- - --

18-l , 29:~, 2v6, 436 , .163, 516, 552, 57:1 , 85::1, 857 , 867 , 877

80:3, 047 , US\), 1005 , 1023 , 1108, 1132, 1173 , 1207, 12121207 , 1315 , 1362 , 13" , l-4.1D.

Textile Fiber Products Identification AcL -

- - - -- - - - -

h - - - - - - - - 12:12 748. 1112 , 11- , 1305 , 1344

\Vool Products Lf\bcJing Act._-

-----------------------------

388.467 , :)50 , 725 889 , D7U, 1108, 1164 , 135-1. 1365

:;\Janufacture or preparation of prodl1et-Fur Products Labeling Act. 436.163 56-1 573 85:3 857 867 877 881 989 1023 1 lOS, 1132, 117:3

1207 , 1212 , 1216 , 1297 , 1:308, 1315 , 1362, H-i~).

N"e,y-appearing product or parts being old or usecl--_

__--___

h- 102 127Fur Products Labeling A.cL______------------------------

--

1:315

Quantity of product-Fur Products Labeling A('1--- - - - - - - - - 552. 857 , 12\)7Scientific or other relevant facts____-----

---- --------------- -----

2':12

Source or origin of product-1\Jaker-

Fur Products Labeling Act. - -

- - - - - - - - - - -

57:3, 877 , 885 , S~)3. 1 13:~Wcol Products Labdilig Act'

___- ---------_

h-------- 556 , L~65Place- Foreign in generaL -

- - - - - -- -- -- - -

- - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - 501 , 1329Foreign 8S clomestic--

- - - - - - - - -- - -

-- - - -- - - - -- - 45 , 568 , D60 , l-lUSFur Products Labeling Act - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - :)70

136, 51G , 56-:1, 57:3 , 8;")7, 8(j7 , 877, 881 , 8n~ , 102;':;, 1108 , 11~32

1207 1212 , 121G , 1225, 12D7 , 1374 , 1449.

Textile Fiber Products Identification Act. -

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

11-1G

201150881

1216

FEDERAL TRADE COMMISSION DECISIONS


eglecting, unfairly or deceptively, to make material disclosure-COD,Statutory requirements- PageForeign origin of product- - -

- - - - -- - - - - - -- - -- - - -- -- - - -- - -- - --

Fur Products Labeling Act____-----------------u_-_u_---- 49,, 150, 184, 192 , 205, 212 , 233 , 261 , 270 296 312 333, 370 379,

383 , 436 , 463 , 478 , 495 516 552 573 , 589, 603 853 857 877 , 881885 893, 947 989, 1005, 1019, 1023, 1108, 1132 , 1138, 1173 12121216 1225 1297 1315 1347 1362 1374 1449

Textile Fiber Products Identification Act--___---- 197 748 1112 1138Wool Products Labeling Act___u_-------------_u_u_------- 155,

348 388 413 432 459 467 556 , 738 , 8S9 , 1008 , 1138 , 1365 , 1431Terms and conditions- - -

- - - - -

u - - u u u -

- -

u - - -

- - - - -

u -- - -

- - - --

1201New, misrepresenting old or used product or parts as-- u u - -- - - - 102 , 127 , 1315Non-disclosure, supplying means of deception through:

Foreign origin of producLuu uu - - u -- - - -

- - - --

u -- -- -- - -- u 501 , 1340Rebuilt or used condition of product or parts--_uuuu_-_u_-- 102 127

Non-fattening qualities of product, misrepresenting as to_u--uu_-_u- Offering deceptive inducements to purchase:

Free products_- - - -

- - - - - - - -- - -- - - -- - - - -- - - -- - -- - - - - - - - -- --- - - --

1061Individual' s special selection

- - -- - - - - - - -

u- - --

- - - - - - --

uu- u-

- - -

473Television "mock ups

" - - - -

u u - - u -- - - - u - - - -- u - - -

- -- -- -

u u - 1452Old firm , falsely representing connections witlL - - -- - u U -- - u u - - u -- - 305Old or used product or parts , misrepresenting as new__--_u--u- 102 127 1315Opportunities in product or service , misrepresenting- - - - - -

- - - - - - - - - - - - -

216,220, 247 547 984 , 1312

Originator or designer , dealer falsely representing self as-

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

984Orthopedic qualities of product, misrepresenting as to__uu_uu 141 803 1104

Passing off product as another s_____uu_----_u_----------_u---- 843 872Payola : illegal rayments to disc jockeys- - - - - - --

-- - --

166 209 230 302 361Percentage savings , misrepresenting prices through purported- 290 , 312 , 717 , 773Performance of competitors ' products , disparaging- - - -

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

1302Personnel or staff , misrepresenting as to_uu_---------------- 247 1201 1231Plant and equipment , misrepresenting as to------------------------ 352 1321Preference , public , for:

Domestic products__-------------------------- 501 960 1329 1340 1408Hats manufactured in certain foreign countries--___--------------- 971New products or parts over reconditioned or used--------__----- 102 127Perfume manufactured in France_ _----__--------------_u-- 1 843 1258

Preticketing merchandise misleadingly u - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - I146 188 201 242 317 339 507 843 872 960 1258 , 1371 , 1377

Fur Products Labeling Act- - - -- -

- -- -- - - - - - -- - -- -- -- -- - - -

- -- - 370 , 1029Textile Fiber Products Identification AcL - -

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

742Preventive qualities of product , misrepresenting as to_------- 97 , G08, 803 1104Price information , exchanging- - - - - -

- - - - - -- - -- - - -- - - - - - - -- - - - - -- -- - - -

706Price lists , supplying misleading- -- - -- -- - -- - -

- - -- - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - --

188Prizes, misrepresenting as to_--------------------------------------- 132Productive qualities of product, misrepresenting as to-- - --

- - - - - - -- - - - --

920Profits or earnings , misrepresenting as to - - - - - - 132 , 216 , 247 , 305, 920 , 984 , 1220Promotional enterprises , discriminating in price through allowances for - 482 , 785Prospect referrals , falsely offering red uction in prices foL - -- - - - -- - - - - 132 , 1201Protective qualities of prod uct , misrepresenting as to_-- -- -- - - - - - 608, 80:3 , 1104

INDEX 1519


Public understanding of product as: PageDomestic , absent clear disclosure of foreign origin__- - 45 , 501 , 960, 1329, 1340New, absent clear disclosure of rebuilt or used condition_-- - - - - - - - 102 , 127

Qualifications and abilities , misrepresenting as to- - -- - -

- - - - - -- - -

-- -- 966 , 1231Qualities or results of prod uct, misrepresenting as to -

- --

u - - - - u - - - u - - 58, 97, 141 , 237 , 242 , 273 , 507, 537, 593 , 608 , 756, 792 , 795, 839

920, 1012, 1016 , 1104 , 1156 , 1177 , 1231 , 1263, 1349 , 1377, 1422.Quality of product , misrepresenting as to- - - - 552 , 803 , 857 , 960 , 1225 , 1231. 1297Quantity discounts, discriminating in price through illegaL__ ____-- 418 674

Rebates, discriminating in price through illegaL_ _u___-------------- 418 674Red ucing qualities of product , misrepresenting as to - - -

- - -

u - - - - - - - - - 70 , 1263Reduction for model home demonstrations , falsely representing_

_- -

u-- - 442Reduction for prospect referrals , offering deceptively__ ___----------- 132 1201Refiner , dealer falsely representing self as_--

------------ --------------

1097Refunds , misrepresenting as to_--

------------------------

216 307 543 1220Rejuvenating qualities of product , misrepresenting as to--- - - - - - - - - - - - 237 , 593Remand from CA-2 for additional evidence to support finding that "the

label as a whole is deceptive Cashmora " sweaters - - - -

- - - - - - - - - - - --

Removing, obliterating or concealing law-required or informative mark-ingu____------

------------------- -------------

501 568 971 1329 1408Renewing qualities of product, misrepresenting as to_

------------------

1263Resale prices , maintaining- -

---- - - ---- -- --- - -- -- - --- - - - - -- ----- - - --

1035Restoring qualities of prod uct , misrepresenting as to -

- - - -- - - - - - -- - - -- - -

1263Restricting sources of supply of competing processors - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - 706Results of product , misrepresenting as to- - -------- 97 428 537 920 1000, 1452

Sacrifice or forced sales , misrepresenting prices through purported- - - - - - 989 , 1177Safety of product , misrepresenting as to- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 287 , 393 , 753 , 792Sample , offer or order conformance , misrepresenting as tau - - -- - - 543 , 1071 1220Savings , misrepresenting prices through purported percentage- - - - - - - - - - - 296

312 , 352 , 717 , 773 , 947 , 1092 , 1132 , 1173 , 1315 , 1321Scare tactics , securing orders deceptively through use oL_

____

_--- 132 532 583Scientific or other relevant facts , misrepresenting as to - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 122

242 273 398 424 , 537, 608, 920, 984 , 1097, 1182Securing agents or representatives by misrepresentation:

Exaggerated earnings - -

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

- - - - 132 , 216Scare tactics - - - -

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

132Terms and conditions- -

- - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - -- -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

216Securing information by subterfuge: skip tracer schemes- u - -

- - - - - - - - - -

799Securing orders by deception--

- - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - -

-- - - - - - - - 975 , 1201 , 1231Scare tactics - - - -

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 532 , 583

Security of investment , misrepresenting as to- - - - -

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

984Select groups , falsely representing sales to only -

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

170Services and facilities , discriminating in price through allowances fOL - - - - 16

106 226 , 26G , 482 , 581 , 693 , 785 , 953 , 960 1058 , 10Ei5 , 1205Services , misrepresenting as to_--

----------

-- 170 547 1182 1220 1231Shock-resistant qualities of prod u ct , misrepresenting as to - -

- - - - - - - - - - - -

1377Simulating another or product thereof__--

---- ----

872Court documents- -

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

1182Government forms and questionnaires_--_

------ ------------ --

799Size and extent of business , misrepresenting as to_. -- -- - - - - -- -- -- - - - -- - 127

305 352 375 742 1321 , 1371

893



Skip tracer schemes , securing information by subterfuge through-- -

- - - --

799Smelter, dealer falsely representing self as

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

1097Source or origin of product, misrepresenting as to--- - -- -- - - -- -- - - -- -- - - 1

, 45, 370, 413 , 436, 501 , 504, 516 , 556, 564 , 568, 573 , 843 , 848,

857 , 867, 872 , 877, 881 , 885, 893 , 930 , 947 , 960, 971 , 1019, 10231108 , 1132 , 1146 , 1164, 1207, 1212 , 1216, 1225, 12.58 , 1297 , 131.

1329 1340 , n57 , 1365, 1374 1408, 1449.Special or limited , misrepresenting offers or supply as

- - - - - - - - -

- - - - - - - - - 24305, 473 , 966 , 1071 , 1177

Statutory requirements , failing to comply with:Foreign origin of product-- - -

- - -- - -- - - - - -- -- - - -- -- -- - - - - - -- - -- - -

Fur Products Labeling Act - -

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

- 4U150 184 192 205 212 233 261 270 296 312 333 , 370, 379,

383 , 436 , 463 , 478 , 495 , 516 552 , 573 , 58~), 603 , 853 , 857 867 877881 885, 893 947 989 , 1005 , 1019 , 1023 , 110S , 1132 , 1138 , 11731207 1212 , 12lG , 1225 , 1297 1315 1347 1362 1374 , 1449.

Textile Fiber Products Identification Act_ __- 197 742 748 1112 1138 1431ool Products Labeling AcL_--_--_---------------------------- 155

348 388 413 432 459, 467. 556 725, 738, 8S9 , 100S , 1138, 13G5, I431Stock or product a yailable , misrepresenting as to - -

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

1150Substituting product inferior to oifeL -

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

1220Survey, misrepresenting as to -

- - - - - - -- - -- - - - - - -- -- - - - - - - - - - - - -- -- - --

242

Tele\"ision "mock ups : Offering dceeptiye inducements to pufcbD.~cthrough - - - -

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

1452Terms and conditions , misrepresenting as to- - - - -

.. - - - - -

21 G , 30;'), 020, 9~H , 1201Test , falsely claiming Go\"crnmenL

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

424Tests , misrepresenting as to---

-------------------- ----

------- 782 1302Textile Fiber Products Identification Act:

Failing to reyea.l information required by____

---------- ----

--- 12197 742 , 748 , 111~ , 1138 , 1H6 , 130:"), 1:-344

False advertising - - -

- -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- -- - -

- 12 , 742False im-oicing- - - - -

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

Furnishing false guaranties_____---

---------- ------

- 12 197 748 1100Furnishing means and instrumentalities of misrepre:"cntation or

deception_- - -

---- - - ---- - -- - -- - - - - -- - - -- -- - - -- - - - - -- - - - - - - - - -

742Misbranding or mislabeling____------- If)7 , 742 , 7-18, 1146 1112 1344 1431Using misleading product name or tiUc___

_-- ------ -.- ---- ---------

742Therapeutic or healthful qualities of prod net , misrepresenting ~\'; t, o - -- - - - 58

273 007 , GOS , 7;)6 , 8:)0 1012 , 1l5GTime in business , misrepresenting as to_--_--_h_--__ ---- 1'27 : 141 37;) 1:3;)/

Unfair metbods or praeticef': , etc" involn~cl in ca~e:3 ilJ thi:, \"olumc:Sce-

Acquiring competitor.Ad ycrtbing falsely or misleadingly.Assuming or using misleading trade or corporate n~:m('.Bribing c1lstomers ' employees. Claiming or using indorsements or te~t imonials fabcl:" or misleadingly.

INDEX 1521

DECISIONS AXD ORDEHSPage

Unb.ir methods or p;":lct.ic(~s , etc. ContinuedSee-Continued

Coercing anel intimidating.Combining or conspiring.Concealing, obliterating 01' removing la\v-required or informa-

ative marking.

Cuttinb uff competitors ' supplies.Dealing on exclusive and tying basis,

Delaying or withholding corrections , adjustmcnt::; or action owed.Discriminating in price.Disparaging competitor s products.Enforcing dealings or payments wrongfully.Furnishing false guaranties.

Furnishing means and instrumentalities of misrepresentation anddeception.

Importing, selling, or transporting flammable wear.Invoicing products falsely.Maintaining resale prices.Misbranding or mislabeling.

:Misrepresenting business status, advantages , or connections,Misrepresenting directly or orally by self or representatives.1\.1 isrepresen ting prices.

::\eglecting, unfairly or deceptively, to make material disclosure.Offering deceptive inducements to purchase.

Passing ofT.

Preticketing merchandise misleadingly.Securing agents or representatives by misrepresentation.Securing information by subterfuge.Securing orders by deception.

Sim ldating another or prod uet thereof.Substituhng product inferior to ofi'er.Using deceptive techniques in advertising.Using misleading product name or title.Using, selling, or supplying lottery devices or schemes.

Unique nature of product , misrepresenting as to_------------------- 537 1302Using deceptive techniques in advertising: television "mock-ups

--------

1452Using misleading product name or title:

Composition of product-Federal Trade Commission AcL - -

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

175Fur Products Labeling AcL____ --_------------------- 184 293 512Textile Fiber Prod ucts I dentificatioll Act- -

- - - - -- - -- -- - -

- -- 742 , 1431Wool Products Labeling Act__--_--------------------------- 1431

Source or origin of prod llct-place-foreign in generaL - -

- - - - - - - - - - - -

50'1


STIPULATIONS

Using, selling or supplying lottery devices or schemes- - u u - u -

- -

u - Universities , falsely representing indorsement or approval by --- -

- - - - - - --

University: Correspondence school falsely representing as__u - - - u - u S. Government or Civil Service employment, misrepresenting as to-----

Page278

547

Value of product, misrepresenting as to_u_-------- 132 451 853 920 947 1377

Water-resistant qualities of product, misrepresenting as to_---_uu_----Well-known firms: Falsely claiming connection withu -

- - - - -

u u - -- u --Wholesaler: Dealer falsely representing self asu - - - -

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - --

Wool Products Labeling Act:Failing to reveal information required by___--_u_u_u- 155 348 413 432

459 467 556 725 738 889 979 1008 1138 1164, 1354 , 1365 , 1431False advertising undeL___- -

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

uu - ----- u - 1365False invoicing undeL - u u -

- - -

u - - - u u - -

- -- - -

u u - -- - 432 , 1008 , 1365Furnishing false guaranties undeL_- - u - - u - -

- - - -

u - - - u - - - - u - u 738l\lisbranding under__--_uu_u_-------_u_--_u_-- 8 155 348 413 432

459 467 556 725 738 889 893 979 1008 1164 1354 , 1365 , 1431

137712311442

STIPULATIONS

Advertising falsely or misleadingly: PageBusiness status, advantages or connections----uuu_-_uu- 1494 (9468)

Dealer being manufactureL_--_u_--------_u_- 1490 (9455), (9456)I ndividual being institute , Sorbonne u -

- - - - - - - -

u - u - u 1494 (9468)f3ize and importance__ __--_u_uu__u_-------_uu H90 (9455)

Composition of productu_-----_u_u_uu_---_u_----_u 1489 (9459)Earnings or profits--__u_----_uuuuu_-_u_-----_u_u 1494 (9467)Guarantees- - -

- -.. - - - - - - - - - - - - .. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - .. - - - -

1489 (9453);1491 (9458); 1492 (9460), (9462); 1493 (9466)

Manufacture or preparation of product- 1495 (9472)Hand tailored--_____--_u__uuu_u_-_u_--_u_---- 1490 (9456)Jeweled - - - - - - - - - - - -

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

1489 (9459)Nature- - - -

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -.. - - - - - -.. - - - - .. -

1495 (9472)Old or used product being new _____--_u_uu_uu_---_u_- 1491 (9457)Prices-Usual as reduced or speciaL___uuuu_-_uu_---- 1495 (9470)Qualities or results of product-

Economizing_- -_u -- -

- -

u_- --- - -- u u- -

- -

--_u u -- - 1491l'vIedicinaL - - u_-_u - u u- u.. - u

- - -

u u- --- _u_- u - 1492Operation - - - - - - -

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1489

Purifying-- -

- - -

u - -

- - - - - - - - - - -

u - - -

- - - -

u - - - u - u - u 1489Source or origin of product-foreign as "),Jade in America

" -- -

1492Standards of eonformanC'c_.. - -- - - - u --

-.. - -

u - - - -u -- - - -- u 1491Assuming or using misleading trade or corporate name:

Dealer being lnanl1facturcL_n- - - u - - u -

- - - -

u - - -

- - - - - - - - -

1490 (9455)Indi\- idllal or private business being:

Institute , Sorbonneu - u -- - -

- - - - - - -- -

u u -

- - - - -

u - -- - 1494 (9468)Soeiet~. - - - - - - - - - - - . - - - - - -- - - - - - -.. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

1495 (9470)

(9459)(9461)(9453 )( 94.53 )

(9460)(9457 )

Colleetion forms:

::\lisreprescnting source oL_- - - -- - -

- - - - - - -

u - - - u - - - - - - - _u 1489 (9452)Simulating legal P1'o('.('.:""----- ----------------_u_

------

--- 1489 (9452)

Eled-rieal action , misr!'presenting machines as deteeting fla".s by - - 1495 (9472)

INDEX 1523

STIPULA TION SPage

Guarantees , advertising falsely as to--------------------------- 1489 (9453)

Institute , misrepresenting business as--__ -_-------------------- 1494 (9468)

Misrepresenting business status, advantages , or connections:Individual as institute, SOl'bonne -- - - -- - -- - -- --

-- - - -- -- -- - -

1494 (9468)Old or used product as new__--_------------- 1495 (9471); 1496 (9473)

Neglecting, unfairly or deceptively, to make material disclosure:Composition of product_n_------------------ 1492 (9462); 1493 (9463)New-appearing product being old or used___--__----------- 1491 (9457);

1493 (9464), (9466); 1495 (9471); 1496 (9473)80urce or origin of product-maker-collection forms-

- - - - - - -

1489 (9452)

Operation of device , misrepresenting as to - -

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

1489 (9453)

Purifying qualities , misrepresenting as to -- - - -

- - -- - - - -- -- - - - - - - -

1489 (9453)

Simulating legal process , collection forms- -- -- -

- -- - -- - -- - - - - - -- -

1489 (9452)Society of Automotive Engineers, misrepresenting conformance

with standards of

- - - - - -. .. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

1491

Society, misrepresenting private business as-

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

1495SOl' bonne , falsely representing connection with__--___----------- 1494

(9457 )(9470)(9468 )

Using misleading product name or title:11anufacturer - - - -- - n - - - - - -

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - -

1493 (9465)OperaUon - - - - - - - - - - -

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

- 1489 (9453)

federal trade commission decisions federal trade commission decisions complaint 59 f. ... palmolive...

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