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Federalism
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3 types of governmental systems
• Unitary system
• Federal system
• Confederal system
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Unitary System
Central Government
States
Citizens
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Federal System
Central Government
Citizens Citizens
State or regional government
State or regional government
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Confederal System
Central Government
Citizens Citizens
State or regional government
State or regional government
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Disadvantages of Federalism: • States and local governments can block important national
policies such as civil rights
• Allows the power of local interests to go unchecked
• Allows for big variations in how people are treated
• States and local governments may lack the necessary expertise and money to accomplish important goals
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Advantages of Federalism
• Allows for big variations in terms of how people are treated
• States can become “laboratories of democracy”
• Federalism enhances political participation • Therefore, it can increase “political efficacy”
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Federalism: The Great Debate
• National Standards versus Local Discretion • Examples?
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Federalism and the Founders
• Nation-Centered (Federalist Perspective)
• State-Centered (Anti-Federalist Perspective)
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McCulloch v. Maryland (1819)
• The Issues
• Significance?
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The Anti-Federalist Perspective
• States’ Rights & John C. Calhoun
• The Doctrine of Nullification
• Implications?
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Evolution of Federalism
• Dual Federalism (1865-1933)
• Cooperative Federalism (1933-1960) • Role of the Great Depression
• FDR and the "New Deal“
• Escalating perception of poor state performance Saylor URL: http://www.saylor.org/courses/polsc231
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Fiscal Federalism
• Categorical Grants
• Block Grants • Example: Community Development Block
Grant
• General Revenue Sharing
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