feed nutrients
DESCRIPTION
Feed Nutrients. Objectives. Identify sources of nutrients and classes of feeds related to the ruminant and non-ruminant animals Describe sources of nutrients and classes of feeds related to the ruminant and non-ruminant animals. Objectives: - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Feed NutrientsFeed Nutrients
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Objectives
Identify sources of nutrients and classes of feeds related to the ruminant and non-ruminant animals
Describe sources of nutrients and classes of feeds related to the ruminant and non-ruminant animals
Objectives:– Identify major functions of basic nutrient
groups and feeds that are sources for each.
Nutrients
A chemical element or compound that aids in the support of life.Necessary for cells to live, grow, and function properly.Many needed and must be in the proper balanceLack of one or more nutrients will slow growth
5 Groups of Nutrients
Energy Nutrients (carbohydrates, fats, and oils)
Proteins
Vitamins
Minerals
Water
Energy Nutrients - Carbohydrates
Main energy functionMade up of sugars, starches, cellulose, and ligninChemically composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygenEnergy powers muscular movementProduce body heatExtra Carbs are stored as fat
Simple and Complex Carbohydrates
Simple
Sugars and Starches
Referred as nitrogen free extract (nfe)
Come from cereal grains (corn, etc)
Complex
Cellulose and lignin
Called Fiber
More difficult to digest
Found mostly in roughages (hay, grass)
Fiber Content of Feeds
Simple stomached animals can not digest large amounts of fiber, and their ration must be made up of mostly cereal grains.
Ruminant animals can eat large amounts of fiber, and a high percentage of their ration is roughage
Energy Nutrients - Fats and Oils
Made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, but contain more carbon and hydrogen atoms than carbohydrates
For this reason fats have 2.25 times as much energy value than carbohydrates
Fats are solid at body temperature
Oils are liquid at body temperature
Fats and Oils
They are easily digested in the animal
Provide energy and body heat
Carry fat-soluble vitamins
Come from both vegetable and animal sources
Vegetable fat ranges from 1.8 to 4.4 %
Animal fat ranges from 1 to 10.6 %
Crude Protein
Total Protein
Not all is digested
60% in ruminant rations is digested
75% in non-ruminant rations is digested
Digestible Protein- amount of true protein in the feed
Proteins
Organic compounds made up of amino acids
Contain: carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen. Some may contain sulphur, phosphorus, and iron
Supply materials to build body tissue (ligaments, hair, hooves, skin, organs, and muscle are partially formed by protein)
Nutrients
If an animal takes in more protein than needed, nitrogen is separated and given off as urineThe material left is then is then converted into energy or body fatEssential amino acids - needed by the animal and the animal can’t produce the amino acidNon - Essential amino acids - needed by the animal but are synthesized from other amino acids.
Non-Essential Amino Acids
Needed by animals but synthesized in the body from another amino acids there for do not need to be provided in the ration
Amino Acids in Ruminant and Non- Ruminant Animals
Non-ruminant animals can not synthesize the essential amino acids fast enough to meet the animals needs therefore those essential amino acids must be provided in the ration
Ruminant animals generally synthesize the essential amino acids by the rumen at a rate to meet the needs of the animal
Sources of Protein
Animal source protein are considered good-quality proteins since they contain a good balance of essential amino acids
Plant proteins are thought to be poor-quality proteins because they lack some amino acids
Proteins in Ruminants
Can be met by feeding proteins of vegetable sourcesAlso by feeding urea (synthetic nitrogen source made from air, water and carbon)Urea is mixed with the ration to to provide nitrogen for making amino acids in the ruminants body
Proteins in Simple Stomached Animals
Need to feed balanced ration with the right balance of essential amino acids
If grains are combined in the correct combination they will provide a balanced ration.
Soybean meal is most commonly used
Protein Sources
Plant
Linseed meal
Dehulled soybean meal
Cottonseed meal
Dehydrated alfalfa meal
Animal
Meat meal
Fish meal
Dried whey
Casein
Dried Milk
Vitamins
Trace organic compounds or needed in small amounts
All vitamins contain carbon
Two types of vitamins: Fat soluble and Water soluble
Fat Soluble Vitamins
Dissolved in fat
Vitamins A, D, E, and K
Vitamin A - associated with healthy eyes, good conception rate, and disease resistance
Vitamin D - assoc. with good bone development and mineral balance of the blood
Fat Soluble Vitamins
Vitamin E - associated with normal reproduction and muscle development
Can also help immune system
Vitamin K - Helps with blood clotting and prevents excessive bleeding from injuries
Sources of Fat Soluble Vitamins
Green leafy hay
Yellow Corn
Cod Liver
Fish Oils
Wheat Oil
Vitamin D is produced in the body when sunlight is present
Water Soluble Vitamins
Vitamin C - Helps teeth and bone formation and prevents infections
Vitamin B complex - needed for chemical reactions in the body and help improve appetite, growth and reproduction
Sources of Water Soluble Vitamins
Vitamin C is found in green pastures and also farm animals can produce enough vitamin C in their body
Vitamin B complex sources- green pastures, cereal grains, hay, milk, fish solubles, and animal proteins
Minerals
Needed in small amountsContain NO Carbon (if the feed was burned the ash left would be minerals)Provide material for growth of bones, teeth, tissue, regulate chemical processes, aid in muscular activities, and release energy for body heatTwo types - Major and Trace Minerals
Major Minerals
Needed in large amounts
Salt, calcium, and phosphorus
Trace Minerals
Needed in small amounts
Potassium, sulfur, magnesium, iron, iodine, copper, cobalt, zinc, manganese, boron, molybdenum, fluorine, and selenium
Most trace minerals are in the feed
Water
Makes up the most of the living organism (40%-80%)
Helps dissolve nutrients, controls body temperature of the animals body.
Water in the blood acts as a carrier of nutrients and is necessary for chemical reactions
Animals can live longer without food than water
Review Objectives
Identify sources of nutrients and classes of feeds related to the ruminant and non-ruminant animals
Describe sources of nutrients and classes of feeds related to the ruminant and non-ruminant animals