feedback mechanisms big idea #2: biological systems use energy to grow, reproduce, and maintain...
TRANSCRIPT
Feedback Mechanisms
Big Idea #2: Biological systems use energy to grow, reproduce, and maintain dynamic
homeostasis.
Essential Knowledge
• 2C1: Organisms use feedback mechanisms to maintain their internal environments and
respond to external environmental changes
Dynamic Homeostasis
• Living things maintain stable internal conditions• Examples in humans:– Temperature– pH– Solute concentrations (Ca, Fe, Salt, Glucose etc.)– Heart rate/blood pressure/Breathing rates– Oxygen/CO2 concentrations
Negative Feedback
• Returns a changing condition back to its target set point.
• Ex: Return body to normal conditions
Negative Feedback –
Hot!!• Beckham sweats
b/c he is hot (literally) Sweat evaporates, removing heat Becks cools down!
• Cold means Becks is losing heat shivers/ shakes to generate heat His body goes through cellular respiration to convert sugar/fat (like he has any) heat blood is diverted from skin Stops losing heat!
Negative Feedback –
COLD!!
Body Example: Glucose
• High blood sugar levels long term cause cell/organ damage
• Low blood sugar leads to fatigue, impaired functioning, fainting, brain damage, etc.
Pancreatic Regulation
Insulin
• Hormone that causes cells to take in glucose
• Lowers blood glucose levels
• Triggered by high blood glucose levels
Glucagon
• Hormone that raises blood sugar levels (breaks down glycogen into glucose)
• Triggered by low blood sugar
When Feedback Goes Wrong…
Body Example: Water
• When you have too much water pee it out (ANF)• When you need to save water, anti-diuretic hormone
(ADH) is released– Concentrates urine, decreases sweating, inhibits water loss,
increases water absorption
Positive Feedback
• Response to the stimulus is amplified• i.e. you eat an appetizer, that makes you more
hungry so you eat more food
Ex: Birth• Contractions start More contractions
leads to more release of oxytocin Leads to more contractions (frequent and stronger PUSH!