feeding blends of fatty acids · 2019. 9. 20. · feeding blends of fatty acids: palmitic &...

2019 © Board of Trustees of Michigan State University

Adam L. LockAssociate ProfessorDepartment of Animal Science

Feeding Blends of Fatty AcidsUPDATE ON PALMITICAND OLEIC ACIDS

The Fatty Acid Forum sponsored by



Use of FA for other purposesEnergy and/or glucose sparingDelivery of n-3 + n-6 FA

Effects on DMI FA digestibility

MilkFat/lactose

BH or UFAShifts in BH pathwaysEffects on microbial populationsEffects on NDF/starchEffects on NDF/starch Kd

Feeding Blends of Fatty Acids: Palmitic & Oleic Impact of Dietary Fatty Acids on Digestion, Metabolism, & Nutrient Use in Lactating Dairy CowsDr. Adam Lock, Michigan State University

RUMEN

MAMMARYGLAND

SMALLINTESTINE

Balance of 18-C + de novo FADirect effect of specific FA

MFD intermediates↓ Milk fat synthesis↑ BW/BCS

ADIPOSELIVER

16:0 18:0 18:1 18:2 18:3


Feeding Blends of Fatty Acids: Palmitic & Oleic Recent Focus on Palmitic, Stearic, and Oleic AcidsDr. Adam Lock, Michigan State University

ADIPOSE

MAMMARYGLAND

16:0 18:0 18:1


90%

60%


ADIPOSE

MAMMARYGLAND

16:0 18:0 18:1 • C18:0, under typical feeding situations, is the predominant FA available for absorption by the dairy cow (due to BH)• Represent the majority of FA in milk

fat and adipose tissue• Predominant FA in the 3 main

categories of dietary FA supplements


90%

60%


ADIPOSE

MAMMARYGLAND

16:0 18:0 18:1 • All three FA are important for dairy cow metabolism• Is there an “ideal” ratio among C16:0,

C18:0, and C18:1 to optimize their utilization• Interactions with other dietary and

animal factors


Fatty Acid, g/100g Ca-Salt PFAD Mix C16:0-Enriched

Myristic 2.0 2.7 1.6

Palmitic 51.0 32.8 89.7

Stearic 4.0 51.4 1.0

Oleic (n-9) 36.0 5.8 5.9

C18:2 (n-6) 7.0 0.8 1.3

Feeding Blends of Fatty Acids: Palmitic & Oleic 3 Major Categories of FA Supplements AvailableDr. Adam Lock, Michigan State University

16:0

18:0

18:1

18:2

14:0

Saturated Free FA Supplements


• Supplement blends fed at 1.5% DM• Blends of 3 commercially

available FA supplements:• C16:0-enriched free FA

supplement• C16:0 and C18:0 free FA

supplement• Ca-salt palm FA• Blended in different ratios to

alter content of C16:0,C18:0, and C18:1• 24 cows in a 4 x 4 Latin square

with 21 d periods

Feeding Blends of Fatty Acids: Palmitic & Oleic Effect of Altering the FA Profile of Supplemental Fatson Apparent Total Tract NDF DigestibilityDr. Adam Lock, Michigan State University

0.9%

-1.3%

0.8%

42

43

44

45

Control 80% C16:0 40% C16:0 +40% C18:0

45% C16:0 +35% C18:1

ND

F d

iges

tib

ility

, %

de Souza, et al., 2018. J. Dairy Sci. 101:172–185



All Pvalue for FA treatment = 0.01

85

80

75

70

65

60

Total FA Digestibility %

Control 80% 40% 45% C16:0 C16:0+ C16:0+

40% 35% C18:0 C18:1

-10%

2.0%16-Carbon FA Digestibility %

Control 80% 40% 45% C16:0 C16:0+ C16:0+

40% 35% C18:0 C18:1

-12%

-4%

Control 80% 40% 45% C16:0 C16:0+ C16:0+

40% 35% C18:0 C18:1

-8%

18-Carbon FA Digestibility %

ab

b

c

a

b

c

a a a a

b

Feeding Blends of Fatty Acids: Palmitic & Oleic Effect of Altering the FA Profile of Supplemental Fatson Apparent Total Tract FA DigestibilityDr. Adam Lock, Michigan State University


55

60

65

70

0 20 40 60

Tota

l tra

ct F

A d

iges

tib

ility

, %

Oleic Acid Infusion, g/d

Feeding Blends of Fatty Acids: Palmitic & Oleic Abomasal Infusion of Oleic Acid Improves Total Tract Fatty Acid DigestibilityDr. Adam Lock, Michigan State University

Prom & Lock (ADSA Abstract, 2018)


Feeding Blends of Fatty Acids: Palmitic & Oleic Effect of C16:0 Intake on Fat andEnergy-Corrected Milk YieldsDr. Adam Lock, Michigan State University

de Souza & Lock, 2018. J. Dairy Sci. 101:3044-3056

35

40

45

50

55

0 7 14 21 28 35 42 49 56 63 70

EC

M, k

g/d

Day

CON PA

P valuesTreatment <0.01, Time <0.01Treatment x Time= 0.18

y = 0.25x + 1429R² = 0.34P < 0.01

900

1100

1300

1500

1700

1900

0 200 400 600 800 1000

To

tal m

ilk F

A, g

/d

C16:0 intake, g/d

de Souza & Lock, 2018. TSDNC


44

46

47

49

Control 80%C16:0

40%C16:0 +

40%C18:0

45%C16:0 +

35%C18:1

EC

M, k

g/d

Feeding Blends of Fatty Acids: Palmitic & Oleic Effect of Palmitic, Stearic, and Oleic Acidsin Post Peak CowsDr. Adam Lock, Michigan State University


PvalueFA treatment = 0.01

c

a

b b


44

46

47

49

Control 80%C16:0

40%C16:0 +

40%C18:0

45%C16:0 +

35%C18:1

EC

M, k

g/d

Feeding Blends of Fatty Acids: Palmitic & Oleic Effect of Palmitic, Stearic, and Oleic Acidsin Post Peak CowsDr. Adam Lock, Michigan State University

de Souza, et al., 2018. J. Dairy Sci. 101:172–185 de Souza et al. 2019. J. Dairy Sci. in press

2.7kg

Ratio of C16:0 to C18:1 in FA Blend

65

60

55

50

45

40

35Low High

Production Level• 80:10 • 73:17 • 66:24 • 60:30

6.7kgPvalueFA treatment = 0.01

PvaluesTreatment = 0.87, Production <0.01, Treatment x Production = 0.05

c

a

b b


• 80:10 • 60:30

48

49

50

51

52

53

80:10 60:30

EC

M, k

g/d

Treatment

Feeding Blends of Fatty Acids: Palmitic & Oleic Effect of Palmitic to Oleic Ratio and Production Level on ECMDr. Adam Lock, Michigan State University

Western, de Souza & Lock (ADSA Abstract 2018)

32 cows in a cross over study with 21 d periodsSupplements fed at 1.5% DM; blends made using combinations ofcommercially available C16:0-enriched and Ca-salts palm oil supplements

Ratio of C16:0 to cis-9 C18:1 in FA blend

28.0

38.0

48.0

58.0

68.0

78.0

28.0 38.0 48.0 58.0 68.0

EC

M, k

g/d

Preliminary milk yield, kg/d

PvaluesTreatment = 0.35, PMY <0.01Treatment x PMY = 0.04


0.70

0.75

0.80

0.85

0.90

0.95

1.00

Control 80% C16:0 40% C16:0 +40% C18:0

45% C16:0 +35% C18:1

Pla

sma

Insu

lin

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

1.0

1.1

1.2

Control 80% C16:0 40% C16:0 +40% C18:0

45% C16:0 +35% C18:1

BW

ch

ange

, kg/

dFeeding Blends of Fatty Acids: Palmitic & Oleic Effect of Altering the FA Profile ofSupplemental Fats on BW and InsulinDr. Adam Lock, Michigan State University

de Souza & Lock, 2018. TSDNC

a

bb

b

All Pvalue for FA treatment = 0.01

a

bb

b


0.00

0.30

0.60

0.90

1.20

BW

ch

ange

, kg/

dFeeding Blends of Fatty Acids: Palmitic & Oleic Effect of Palmitic, Stearic, and Oleic Acidsin Post Peak CowsDr. Adam Lock, Michigan State University

de Souza et. al. 2019. J. Dairy Sci. in press de Souza & Lock (ADSA Abstract 2017)

• 80:10 • 73:17 • 66:24 • 60:30

Ratio of C16:0 to C18:1 in FA Blend

y = 0.02x - 0.07R² = 0.19

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

1.0

1.1

30.0 35.0 40.0 45.0 50.0In

sulin

, mg/

L

Adipose C18:1

y = 0.06x - 1.97R² = 0.44

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

0.80

1.00

1.20

1.40

30 40 50

BW

ch

ange

, kg/

d

Adipose C18:1


Feeding Blends of Fatty Acids: Palmitic & Oleic Abomasal Infusion of Oleic Acid Increases Plasma Insulin in Post Peak CowsDr. Adam Lock, Michigan State University

Prom et al. (ADSA Abstract, 2018)

0.70

0.75

0.80

0.85

0.90

0.95

1.00

1.05

0 20 40 60

Pla

sma

Insu

lin, µ

g/d

L

Oleic Acid Infusion, g/d


50

55

60

65

70

75

CON 80:10 70:20 60:30

Treatment

Feeding Blends of Fatty Acids: Palmitic & Oleic Effect of Altering the Palmitic to Oleic Acid Ratioof Supplemental Fats to Fresh CowsDr. Adam Lock, Michigan State University

de Souza, Prom, & Lock (ADSA 2019)

CON: Control diet (no supplemental fat)FA supplement blends fed at 1.5% DMSupplemental fat blends fed from calving for first 3 wk of lactation

Dry Matter Digestibility % Fatty Acid Digestibility % Digestible Energy Intake, Mcal/d

80

81

82

83

84

85

86

CON 80:10 70:20 60:30

Treatment

67

68

69

70

71

72

CON 80:10 70:20 60:30

Treatment

PvaluesCON vs. FAT <0.01, Linear <0.01




650

660

670

680

690

700

710

720

730

1 2 3

BW

, kg

Week Postpartum

CON 80:10

45

47

49

51

53

55

57

1 2 3

EC

M, k

g

Week Postpartum

CON 80:10

16

18

20

22

24

1 2 3

DM

I, kg

Week Postpartum

CON 80:10




PvaluesCON vs. FAT = 0.19Linear = 0.14Quadratic = 0.94




650

660

670

680

690

700

710

720

730

1 2 3

BW

, kg

Week Postpartum

CON 80:10

45

47

49

51

53

55

57

1 2 3

EC

M, k

g

Week Postpartum

CON 80:10

16

18

20

22

24

1 2 3

DM

I, kg

Week Postpartum

CON 80:10 70:20 60:30








650

660

670

680

690

700

710

720

730

1 2 3

BW

, kg

Week Postpartum

CON 80:10

45

47

49

51

53

55

57

1 2 3

EC

M, k

g

Week Postpartum

CON 80:10 70:20 60:30

16

18

20

22

24

1 2 3

DM

I, kg

Week Postpartum

CON 80:10 70:20 60:30








650

660

670

680

690

700

710

720

730

1 2 3

BW

, kg

Week Postpartum

CON 80:10 70:20 60:30

45

47

49

51

53

55

57

1 2 3

EC

M, k

g

Week Postpartum

CON 80:10 70:20 60:30

16

18

20

22

24

1 2 3

DM

I, kg

Week Postpartum

CON 80:10 70:20 60:30








Carryover Period(Common Diet)

Carryover Period(Common Diet)

630

650

670

690

710

730

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

BW

, kg

Week Postpartum

CON 80:10 70:20 60:30

45

50

55

60

65

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

EC

M, k

g

Week Postpartum

CON 80:10 70:20 60:30







Feeding Blends of Fatty Acids: Palmitic & Oleic Abomasal Infusion of Oleic Acid in Fresh CowsDr. Adam Lock, Michigan State University

• Oleic acid (60 g/d) abomasallyinfused 4x/d• Infusions from

1 to 15 DIM• Adipose tissue

(flank) sampledd –14, 6, and 12• Glucose tolerance

test d 15


-300

-250

-200

-150

-100

-50

0

50

100

150

14 days prepartum 6 days postpartum 12 days postpartum

Insu

lin in

hib

ited

gly

cero

l re

leas

e (%

)

Control Oleic acid

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

14 days prepartum 6 days postpartum 12 days postpartum

ISO

sti

mu

late

d g

lyce

rol r

elea

se (%

)

Control Oleic acid


Laguna et al. (ADSA 2019)

Results suggest that oleic acid supplementation immediately postpartum may reduce lipolytic responses and improves insulin sensitivity of adipose tissue in early lactation dairy cows


Feeding Blends of Fatty Acids: Palmitic & Oleic SummaryDr. Adam Lock, Michigan State University

• Our understanding of FA digestion and metabolism in dairy cows has advanced significantly in the last few decades• Presented research focusing on specific FA and how dairy cows respond

differently to combinations of FA• Important to consider possible effects of FA in the rumen

(BH/MFD/NDFd), in the small intestine (DMI/digestibility), in the mammary gland (increased incorporation/substitution), and energy partitioning between tissues• Digestibility appears to be a good indicator of inclusion or not of a FA in a

supplement, assuming that this source of FA does not markedly affect DMI• Use of supplemental FA in the fresh period should be considered; new

research suggests that FA supplementation increases performance in fresh cows


Feeding Blends of Fatty Acids: Palmitic & Oleic SummaryDr. Adam Lock, Michigan State University

• Profile of supplemental FA key in determining production responses and energy partitioning1. C16:0 drives increases in milk fat yield and ECM partially due to a decrease in BW2.C16:0 and C18:1 drives increases in milk yield and ECM without changing BW loss

compared to non-supplemental diet3.Feeding FA supplements in the fresh period has carryover effects on early

lactation• Opportunity and challenge will be to continue to improve our

understanding of how and which FA affect nutrient digestion, energy partitioning, and milk synthesis in lactating dairy cows, applying this knowledge in the feeding and management of todays high producing dairy cows• Recommendation: consider use of FA supplements containing C16:0 and

C18:1


Feeding Blends of Fatty Acids: Palmitic & Oleic AcknowledgmentsDr. Adam Lock, Michigan State University


Feeding Blends of Fatty Acids: Palmitic & Oleic ContactDr. Adam Lock, Michigan State University

Adam L. [email protected]

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feeding blends of fatty acids · 2019. 9. 20. · feeding blends of fatty acids: palmitic &...

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