Fermentation

Aerobic/anaerobic

• Takes place in the cytoplasm.• Fermentation is what happens if there is an

absence of oxygen after glycolysis, either it proceeds with the Krebs cycle(aerobic) or fermentation(anaerobic).

*Anaerobic doesn’t mean no oxygen when involving cells it just means there is not a sufficient amount of oxygen.

Alcohol fermentation• Pyruvate is changed into ethanol in two steps.

STEP 1

• The release of CO2 from the pyruvate, which is than converted into two carbon compound acetaldehyde.

STEP 2

• Acetaldehyde is than reduced by NADH to ethanol, which than regenerates the supply of NAD needed for ethanol.

Lactic acid fermentation

• Pyruvate is reduced directly by NADH to end up making lactate as a waste product and no release of CO2.

• Human cells make lactic acid when there body is either low or lacking oxygen. The muscle than begins to fatigue and feel painful.