fermentative production of thymidine by a metabolically engineered escherichia coli strain

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Metabolic Engineering & Systems Biology Laboratory Fermentative Production of Thymidine by a Metabo lically Engineered Escherichia c oli Strain 11 硕 硕硕硕 硕硕 硕硕

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Fermentative Production of Thymidine by a Metabolically Engineered Escherichia coli Strain. 1 1硕:李思梦 导师:陈涛. 主要内容. 研究的目的与意义. 实验方法. 1. 2. 1.研究的目的与意义. 胸苷,即2-脱氧胸苷,由一分子2-脱氧核糖和一分子胸腺嘧啶组成,是多种抗病毒药物的前体,也是治疗AIDS的重要组成成分. 胸苷 C 10 H 14 N 2 O 5 242.23. 发酵法优点: 生产成本具有竞争力 ; - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Page 1: Fermentative Production of Thymidine by a Metabolically Engineered Escherichia coli Strain

Metabolic Engineering & Systems Biology Laboratory

Fermentative Production of Thymidine by a Metabolically

Engineered Escherichia coli Strain

11 硕:李思梦导师:陈涛

Page 2: Fermentative Production of Thymidine by a Metabolically Engineered Escherichia coli Strain

Metabolic Engineering & Systems Biology Laboratory

主要内容

研究的目的与意义1

实验方法2

Page 3: Fermentative Production of Thymidine by a Metabolically Engineered Escherichia coli Strain

Metabolic Engineering & Systems Biology Laboratory

1. 研究的目的与意义

• 胸苷,即 2- 脱氧胸苷,由一分子 2- 脱氧核糖和一分子胸腺嘧啶组成,是多种抗病毒药物的前体,也是治疗 AIDS 的重要组成成分

胸苷 C10H14N2O5 242.23

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Metabolic Engineering & Systems Biology Laboratory

发酵法优点:1.生产成本具有竞争力; 如果从无水葡萄糖开始合成胸苷,需要 14 步反应。因此,多步化学

合成的方法使得胸苷的成本非常昂贵。( Japanese Patent Publication No. 39-16345 , 1964 )

2. 减少了化学合成工艺对环境的污染 ;3. 存在立体专一性 .

作为抗病毒药物的前体,胸苷的生产通常有化学合成法和微生物发酵法。

Page 5: Fermentative Production of Thymidine by a Metabolically Engineered Escherichia coli Strain

Metabolic Engineering & Systems Biology Laboratory

胸苷生产菌株

• 黄色短杆菌 Brevibacterium helvolum

类似物抗性 226ug/ml 7 天补料发酵 6.5g/l

• 枯草芽孢杆菌 Bacillus subtilis

• 大肠杆菌 Escherichia coli (在专利 EP1190064B1中,产量达到 6.8g/l 左右)

Satwinder K. Kalirai, Bernard Scanlon, Steve C. Taylor, 1 and Shamim I. Ahmad* J. Gen. Appl. Microbiol., 46, 217–224 (2000)

EP0344937B1

EP0504279B1

EP1190064B1

Page 6: Fermentative Production of Thymidine by a Metabolically Engineered Escherichia coli Strain

Metabolic Engineering & Systems Biology Laboratory

为什么选择大肠杆菌

• 在 E.coli中,完全是用的代谢工程的方法进行的菌种的改造,而黄色短杆菌是用诱变的方法进行的改造。

• 生长快、在工业应用方面有广泛的应用

• E.coli的基因序列完全清楚,基因操作技术在大肠杆菌中成熟,基因元件库多,可以做到对基因的精细调控,合成生物学的方法技术在大肠杆菌中也比较全面

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Metabolic Engineering & Systems Biology Laboratory

2. 实验方法• 由于胸苷涉及到 DNA 的合成,因此胞内的胸苷浓度很低,而且受到严密调控。

• 策略:加强胸苷合成的从头合成途径,敲除补救途径。                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             

Page 8: Fermentative Production of Thymidine by a Metabolically Engineered Escherichia coli Strain

Metabolic Engineering & Systems Biology Laboratory

2. 实验方法

×

Page 9: Fermentative Production of Thymidine by a Metabolically Engineered Escherichia coli Strain

Metabolic Engineering & Systems Biology Laboratory

途径介绍• 途径从碳酸根与谷氨酰胺经氨甲酰磷酸合成酶( pyrA)合成氨甲酰

磷酸,又经过天冬氨酸转氨甲酰酶( pyrBI)生成氨甲酰天冬氨酸,

经二氢乳清酸酶( pyrC)生成二氢乳清酸,经二氢乳清酸脱氢酶(

pyrD)生成乳清酸,与由 pp途径生成的 PRPP经乳清酸磷酸核糖转

移酶( pyrE)生成乳清核苷酸 OMP,经 OMP脱羧酶( pryF)生

成尿嘧啶核苷酸 UMP,经 UMP激酶( pyrH)生成 UDP,经核苷

二磷酸还原酶( nrd)生成 dUDP,经核苷二磷酸激酶( ndk)生成

dUTP,经脱氧尿苷三磷酸酶( dut)生成 dUMP,经胸苷酸合成酶

( thyA)生成 dTMP,经 TMP水解酶生成胸苷。

Page 10: Fermentative Production of Thymidine by a Metabolically Engineered Escherichia coli Strain

Metabolic Engineering & Systems Biology Laboratory

E.coli产胸苷的研究现状 Strains and plasmids Description yield ( mg/l )BL21 Star(DE3) F-ompT hsdSB (rB

- mB-) gal dcm rne1

31 (DE3)

BLd BL21 ΔdeoA

BLdt BL21 ΔdeoA Δtdk

BLdtu BL21 ΔdeoA Δtdk Δudp

BLdtu1 BLdtu harboring pETD::Td

BLdtu2 BLdtu harboring pETD::TdNr

BLdtu23 BLdtu2 harboring pACD::DU

BLdtu24 BLdtu2 harboring pACD::DUTm 459.0± 10.8   ( 649.3 )

BLdtu24 (dut) BLdtu2 harboring pACD::DUTmUt 376.2 ± 9.2

BLdtug24 BLdtu24 Δung 550.7 ± 6.2( 740.3 )

flask cultures for 24 h

Page 11: Fermentative Production of Thymidine by a Metabolically Engineered Escherichia coli Strain

Metabolic Engineering & Systems Biology Laboratory

• 阻断补救途径,首先敲除 deoA (合成胸苷磷酸化酶),发现不能全完阻断胸苷的去路,接着敲除了 tdk (胸苷激酶)与 udp (尿苷磷酸化酶),发现有胸苷的合成了。

• 胸苷酸合成酶( thyA )是合成胸苷的非常重要的酶,过表达之后,胸苷的积累量增加了。同时 T4 nrdAB (核苷二磷酸还原酶)是被高度调控的酶,过表达之后,胸苷的产量增加了两倍。 T4 nrdC 是编码硫氧还蛋白的基因。

• 由代谢图看出, dUMP 是胸苷的前体, dUMP 的水平直接影响胸苷的产量,为增加 dUMP 的通量,表达了 udk-dcd (尿苷激酶, dCTP 脱氨酶)操纵子,但产量仅增加了 30mg/l ,可以看出应该还有另外的限速步骤。

• 提高 TMP 水解酶酶的酶活,发现 dTMP 水解为胸苷的效率才 1.3pmol/mg.min ,表达 PBS2 的 TMPase ,效率达到了 16.6pmol/mg.min ,胸苷积累量增加了 1.5 倍。

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Metabolic Engineering & Systems Biology Laboratory

T4 核糖核苷酸二磷酸还原酶( nrdAB )操纵子, T4 硫氧还蛋白( nrdC ), T4 胸苷酸合酶( td ), PBS2 TMP 磷酸水解酶( TMPase ),大肠的dCTP 脱氨酶( dcd ),脱氧尿苷三磷酸酶( dut )和尿苷激酶( udk )

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Metabolic Engineering & Systems Biology Laboratory

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• Lee HC, Ahn JM, Lee SN, Kim JH (2004) Overproduction of thymidine by recombinant Brevibacterium helvolum amplified with thymidine monophosphate phosphohydrolase gene from bacteriophage PBS2. Biotechnol Lett 26:265–268

• Lee HC, Kim JH, Kim JS, Jang W, Kim SY (2009a) Fermentative production of thymidine by a metabolically engineered Escherichia coli strain. Appl Environ Microbiol 75:2423–2432

• Lee HC, Kim JS, Jang W, Kim SY (2009b) Thymidine production by overexpression NAD+kinase in an Escherichia coli recombinant strain. Biotechnol Lett 31:1929–1936

• Lee HC, Kim JS, Jang W, Kim SY (2010) High NADPH/NADP +ratio improves thymidine production by a metabolically engineered Escherichia coli strain. J Biotechnol 149:24–32

• Lee HC, Kim JS, Jang W, Kim SY (2011)Enhancement of thymidine production in E. coli by eliminating repressors regulating the carbamoyl phosphate synthetase operon.Biotechnol Lett (2011) 33:71–78