Update on Ferrybox Update on Ferrybox

Improvement of process Improvement of process understanding through the use of understanding through the use of

high frequent Ferrybox high frequent Ferrybox observationsobservations

Henning Wehde, Dominique Durand, Henning Wehde, Dominique Durand, Pierre Jaccard and Kai SørensenPierre Jaccard and Kai Sørensen

henning.wehde@niva.nohenning.wehde@niva.no

• Ferrybox networkFerrybox network

• Ferrybox Ferrybox

results, validation/verification, validation of results, validation/verification, validation of

satellite satellite data data

• Use of results, Comparison/Combination of Use of results, Comparison/Combination of

observations from diverse platforms using observations from diverse platforms using

numerical modelling numerical modelling

Ferrybox Ferrybox networknetwork

Norrøna

Nuka Arctica

Collaboration Uni Bergen

Svalbard

Collaboration with FRS and UniRhode Island

Ferrybox system Ferrybox system

Flow through Ferrybox systemFlow through Ferrybox system– T, S, chl a fluorescenceT, S, chl a fluorescence– turbidity and oxygenturbidity and oxygen

Sensors for above water Sensors for above water

radiance radiance

Satellite communicationSatellite communication

automatic water samplingautomatic water sampling

Optional sensors measuring: Optional sensors measuring: – Sea surface skin-temperature, total irradiance, air temperature, true wind, UV radiationSea surface skin-temperature, total irradiance, air temperature, true wind, UV radiation– Nutrient analysersNutrient analysers

Ferrybox flow

Ferrybox data used for studies Ferrybox data used for studies of phytoplankton blooms in the of phytoplankton blooms in the Skagerrak Skagerrak

• High frequency High frequency measurements measurements

(2 times/24h, night (2 times/24h, night and day) and day)

• Studying timing Studying timing and geographic and geographic development of a development of a bloombloom

• Coupling the bloom Coupling the bloom to water massesto water masses

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

1.11.2003

1.1.2004

1.3.2004

1.6.2004

1.8.2004

1.10.2004

Oslo

Hirsthals

Chlorophyll-a Fluorescence (mg/m3)

NORWAY

SWEDEN

DENMARK

Jomfruland

ListaArenbdal St. 2/3

Salinity

Oslo

Hirtshals

Bloom starts

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

1.11.2003

1.1.2004

1.3.2004

1.5.2004

1.7.2004

1.9.2004

Ferrybox data for studying Ferrybox data for studying particle distribution and transportparticle distribution and transport

NORWAY

SWEDEN

DENMARK

Jomfruland

ListaArenbdal St. 2/3

Oslo

Hirtshals

Turbidity, FTU

Validation/VerificationValidation/Verification

Chlorophyll a vs FlurorescenceChlorophyll a vs Flurorescence

Total suspended material in SkagerrakTotal suspended material in Skagerrak

0.2 0,8 1,5 2 3 4 5 10

MERIS TSM

Mars 28. 2003

TSM product Quality flag turned on

0,0

0

0,5

0

1,0

0

1,5

0

2,0

0

2,5

0

3,0

0

3,5

0

4,0

0

57,6

557,8

057,9

558,1

058,2

558,4

058,5

558,7

058,8

559,0

059,1

559,3

059,4

5

Lati

tud

e

TSM (g/m3), turbidity

TS

M_M

ER

IS

(g/m

3)

Tu

rb

idit

y_fe

rryb

ox (

FT

U)

TS

M_fe

rryb

ox_calc

ula

ted

(g/m

3)

Blue TSM MERISPink Turb FerrybYellow TSM Ferryb

Comparison between Turbidity from Comparison between Turbidity from Ferrybox and those from discrete samplesFerrybox and those from discrete samples

Turb_Laboratory = 1.005 x Turb_Sensor + 0.0599

R2 = 0.737

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

4.0

4.5

5.0

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0

Turbidity Sensor (FTU)

Tu

rbid

ity

Lab

ora

tory

(F

TU

)

Validate data using satellite and Ferrybox Validate data using satellite and Ferrybox monitoringmonitoring(Chlorophyll)(Chlorophyll)

0,00

1,00

2,00

3,00

4,00

5,00

6,00

7,00

8,00

9,00

10,00

57,6 57,7 57,8 57,9 58,0 58,1 58,2 58,3 58,4 58,5 58,6 58,7 58,8 58,9 59,0 59,1 59,2 59,3

Latitude

Alg

al1,

Alg

al2,

Ch

l-a

(mg/

m3)

Algal_2_Norway_Regional Algorithm (mg/m3)Algal_1_MERIS_Standard Product (mg/m3)Algal_2_MERIS_Standard Product (mg/m3)Chl-a_fluorescence ferrybox (mg/m3)Chl-a_HPLC_water samples (mg/m3)

SkagerrakSkagerrak identification of regions identification of regions

Salinity

Skagerrak, Skagerrak, Winter nutrient concentrations as an indicator for the Winter nutrient concentrations as an indicator for the upcoming bloomupcoming bloomNO3+NO2-N (µM)NO3+NO2-N (µM)

8.4

8.4

8.6

8.6

8.8

8.8

9.0

9.0

9.2

9.2

9.4

9.4

9.6

9.6

9.8

9.8

10

.01

0.0

10

.21

0.2

10

.41

0.4

10

.61

0.6

10

.81

0.8

11

.01

1.0

11

.21

1.2

11

.41

1.4

11

.61

1.6

11

.81

1.8

12

.01

2.0

12

.21

2.2

12

.41

2.4

12

.61

2.6

12

.61

2.6

57 .2 57.2

57.4 57.4

57.6 57.6

57.8 57.8

58.0 58.0

58.2 58.2

58.4 58.4

58.6 58.6

58.8 58.8

59.0 59.0

59.2 59.2

59.4 59.4

59.6 59.6

59.8 59.8

60.0 60.0

60.2 60.2

NOslo

Hirtshals

Norge

Danmark

Skagerrak

12

3456

7

8

91011121314

151617

18

192021

2223

24

Skagerrak, Skagerrak, Winter nutrient concentrations as an indicator for Winter nutrient concentrations as an indicator for the upcoming bloom PO4-P the upcoming bloom PO4-P (µM)(µM)

8.4

8.4

8.6

8.6

8.8

8.8

9.0

9.0

9.2

9.2

9.4

9.4

9.6

9.6

9.8

9.8

10.0

10.0

10.2

10.2

10.4

10.4

10.6

10.6

10.8

10.8

11.0

11.0

11.2

11.2

11.4

11.4

11.6

11.6

11.8

11.8

12.0

12.0

12.2

12.2

12.4

12.4

12.6

12.6

12.6

12.6

57 .2 57.2

57.4 57.4

57.6 57.6

57.8 57.8

58.0 58.0

58.2 58.2

58.4 58.4

58.6 58.6

58.8 58.8

59.0 59.0

59.2 59.2

59.4 59.4

59.6 59.6

59.8 59.8

60.0 60.0

60.2 60.2

NOslo

Hirtshals

Norge

Danmark

Skagerrak

12

3456

7

8

91011121314151617

18

192021

2223

24

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

Station nr.

0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0

Pre-spring-bloom Winter concentrationsPO4-P (µM)

Mean Mean±SE Mean±1.96*SE

Region 1

Region 2

Region 3

Region 4

Region 5

Region 6

OSPAR

Classification of water quality status from winter Classification of water quality status from winter concentration of nitrate (Norwegian system).concentration of nitrate (Norwegian system).

8.4

8.4

8.6

8.6

8.8

8.8

9.0

9.0

9.2

9.2

9.4

9.4

9.6

9.6

9.8

9.8

10.0

10.0

10.2

10.2

10.4

10.4

10.6

10.6

10.8

10.8

11.0

11.0

11.2

11.2

11.4

11.4

11.6

11.6

11.8

11.8

12.0

12.0

12.2

12.2

12.4

12.4

12.6

12.6

12.6

12.6

57 .2 57.2

57.4 57.4

57.6 57.6

57.8 57.8

58.0 58.0

58.2 58.2

58.4 58.4

58.6 58.6

58.8 58.8

59.0 59.0

59.2 59.2

59.4 59.4

59.6 59.6

59.8 59.8

60.0 60.0

60.2 60.2

NOslo

Hirtshals

Norway

Denmark

Skagerrak

N itra t+nitritt ( µg/l)

60 150

Classification status IIIFair

Classification status IVPoor

Classification status IVery Good

Classifgication status IIGood

Sweden

Classification of W ater massesaccording to the NorweiganClassification System for EutrophicationW inter Nitrate values

12

3456

7

8

91011121314

151617

18

192021

2223

24

Overcome mismatch Overcome mismatch observations in time and observations in time and space by using of modelsspace by using of models

Gabbard Buoy

Possible trajectories

Calculated watermass transport fromGabbard station to the FerryBox transect

Thanks for your attention !Thanks for your attention !