FERTILIZATION

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SPERM + SECONDARY OOCYTE ZYGOTE

38 WEEKSGROWTHDEVELOPMENT

PRENATALPOSTNATALFERTILIZATION: UTERINE TUBEPREGNANCY: UTERUS: 3 TRIMESTERS

PROSTAGLANDINS CAUSE SPERM TAIL TO CONTRACT

UTERINE TUBE AND UTERUS CONTRACT: AIDS SPERM TO EGG

ESTROGEN CAUSES EARLY UTERUS TO SECRETE A WATERY FLUID ??

OF 200-600 SPERM ONLY A FEW HUNDRED REACH THE EGG

FERTILIZATIONBINDS TO ZONA PELLUCIDAACROSOME RELEASES ENZYMES

HYALURONIDASEONE SPERM ENTERS AND LYSOSOMES

HARDEN ZONA PELLUCIDASPEERM NUCLEUS ENTERS SECONDARY

OOCYTEUNEVEN CYTOPLASMIC DIVISION:

MEIOSIS COMPLETED2 PRONUCLEI THEN MERGE:

FERTILIZATION: ZYGOTE

PRENATAL PERIOD38 WEEKS:

CLEAVAGE: 30 HOURS AFTER FERTILIZATION CELLS DIVIDE DON’T GROW ? CELLS: BLASTOMERES CLEAVAGE EMBRYO MOVING DOWN UTERINE TUBE: 3 DAYS HOW? NUTRIENTS ? SOLID BALL: MORULA: 16 CELLS FLOATS AROUND UTERUS ~3 DAYS BLASTOCYST: LOSES ZONA PELUCIDA, HOLLOWS OUT DROPS INTO ONE OF TUBULES PLURIPOTENT CELLS ? DIFFERENTIATES: INNER CELL MASS: EMBRYO PROPER

WALL: TROPHOBLAST: ASSISTING STRUCTURES IMPLANTATION TAKES ~1 WEEK

PROTEOLYTIC ENZYMES UTERINE LINING DEVELOPS hCG RELEASED: PROTECTS AGINST IMMINE SYSTEM; KEEPS

CL ACTIVE; STIMULATES PLACENTA TO PRODUCE HOIMONES

HORMONAL CHANGEShCG:

PREVENT SPONTANEOUS ABORTION: MAINTAINS CL: SO STILL PRODUCES ESTROGEN & PROGESTERONE: ??

INHIBITS FSH AND LH SECRETIONWORKS FOR 2 MONTHS/ DECLINESPLACENTA TAKES OVER PRODUCTION OF

ESTROGEN AND PROGESTERONEPLACENTAL LACTOGEN: BREAST DEVELOPMENT;

PREPARE MAMMARY GLANDSRELAXIN FROM CL AND PLACENTAL

PROGESTERONE INHIBIT UTERINE MUSCLE CONTRACTIONALSO RELAXES PUBIS AND SACROILIAC JOINT

DURING LAST WEEK

PLACENTAL ESTROGEN ENLARGES VAGINA

INCREASED ALDOSTERONE REATINS SODIUM = FLUID RETENTION

PTH: HELPS MAINTAIN HIGH MATERNAL BLOOD CALCIUM

CHANGESUTERUS ENLARGES ??INCREASE CARDIAC OUTPUT, BLOOD

VOLUME, BREATHING RATE, URINE PRODUCTION ??

EAT MORE: MAY SHOW DEFICIENCY SYMPTOMS

EMBRYONIC STAGE2ND WEEK 8 WEEKAMNIOTIC CAVITY FORMSEMBRYONIC DISC: FORMS LAYERS

ECTODERM AND ENDODERM, THEN MESODERMPRIMARY GERM LAYERS

GASTRULACONNECTING STALKGASTRULATION

ENDODERM: EPITHELIALENDODERM: EPITHEILIAL MESODERM: CONNECTIVE TISSUE

ECTODERM: NERVOUS SYSTEM, SENSE ORGANS, EPIDERMIS AND STRUCTURES, LININGS: MOUTH, ANAL

MESODERM: MUSCLE, BONE, MARROW, BLOOD AND VESSELS, LYMPHATIC TISSUE, INTERNAL REPRODUCTIVE ORGANS, KIDNEYS, MESOTHELIUM OF CAVITIES

ENDODERM: EPITHELIAL LININGS OF DIGESTIVE SYSTEM, RESPIRATORY TRACT, URINARY SYSTEM,

CHORIONIC VILLI ??BECOMES MORE HUMAN LIKEPLACENTAL MEMBRANE:

CHORIONIC MEMBRANE EPITHELIUM AND EPITHELIUM OF CAPILLARIES

TO ENDOTHELIUM OF UTERUSDIFFUSION ??

AMNIOTIC SAC AND AMNIOTIC FLUID FORM ??UMBILICAL CORD FORMS

2 ARTERIES; VEINCHORION AND AMNION FUSEYOLK SAC FORMS: BLOOD CELLS, SEX STEM

CELLS

ALLANTOSIS FORMS FROM YOLK SAC TO STALKFORMS BLOOD CELLSFORMS UMBILICAL VESSELS

AFTER 8 WEEKS: FETUS

FETAL STAGE8 WEEKS TO BIRTHMATURES/DEVELOPSSKIN: SEBUM AND DEAD CELLSSKELETON OSSIFIESMUSCLES CONTRACT FAT LAYERS

DEVELOP9 MONTHS: 266 DAYS: FULL TERM50 CM; 2.7-3.6 KgREPOSITIONS WITH HEAD DOWN

FETAL CIRCULATIONUMBILICAL VEINSHIGHER CONCENTRATION OF OXYGEN:

FETAL HEMOGLOBIN HIGHER AFFINITYMOST BYPASSES LIVER: DUCTUS

VENOSUSFROM RIGHT ATRIUM TO LEFT: FORAMEN

OVALEPARTIALLY BYPASSES LUNGS: DUCTUS

ARTERIOSISUMBILICAL ARTERIES

BIRTH38 WEEKSPLACENTAL PROGESTERONE ??DECREASE PROGESTERONE, RELEASE OF

PROSTAGLANDINS STARTS LABORPOSTERIOR PITUITARY RELEASES

OXYTOCIN ??UTERINE MUSCLES CONTRACTPOSITIVE FEEDBACK: STRONGER

CONTRACTIONS, MORE OXYTOCIAFTERBIRTHN

MILK PRODUCTIONDURING PREGNANCY

ESTROGEN CAUSES DUCTS TO DEVELOPPROGESTERONE DEVELOPS ALVEOLAR GLNADSPROGESTERONE INHIBITS PROLACTIN

AFTER BIRTH:PROLACTIN NOT INHIBITEDMAMMARY GLANDS SECRETE MILK

SUCKLING: RELEASES OXYTOCIN: ALVEOLAR GLANDS RELEASE MILK

POSITIVE FEEDBACKSLIGHT INHIBITION OF REPRODUCTIVE

CYCLE

POSTNATAL PERIODNEONATAL

BIRTH– 4 WEEKSBODILY FUNCTIONS ON OWNSURFACTANT REDUCES SURFACE TENSION OF

LUNGSLIVER DOESN’T SUPPLY MUCH GLUCOSE: USES FATKIDNEYS IMMATURE: DEHYDRATION, ELECTROLYTE

IMBALANCEBODY TEMPERATURE REGULATION MAY TAKE TIMEUMBILICAL VESELS CONSTRICT, DUCTUS VENOSUS

CONSTRICTS, FORAMEN OVALE CLOSES, DUCTUS ARTEIOSUS CONSTRICTS

INFANCY4TH WEEK TO 1 YEARRAPID GROWTHMATURATION AND COORDINATIONCOMMUNICATIONDEPENDS ON PROPER NUTRITION

CHILDHOOD1ST YEAR TO PUBERTYPRIMARY TEETH SECONDARY TEETHRAPID GROWTH, MATURATION AND

COORDINATION; CONTROL OF BLADDER AND BOWELS

ADOLESCENCEPUBERTY TO ADULTHOODPREPARATION FOR REPRODUCTIONFEMALES DEVELOP FIRSTHIGH LEVEL MOTOR SKILLS,

INTELLIGENCE INCREASES, EMOTIONS MATURE

ADULTHOODADOLESCENCE TO OLD AGEUNCHANGED FOR YEARS30: DEGENERATION BEGINS:

SKELETAL MUSCLES LOSE STRENGTHCARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM LESS EFFICIENTSKIN LESS ELASTICSEX CELL DEVELOPMENT DECLINES

SENESCENCEGROWING OLDDEGENERATION CONTINUES

FROM PROLONGED USE, DISEASE AND CELLULAR CHANGE

LOSS OF SOME INTELLECTUAL ABILITY, SENSORY FUNCTIONS, LESS COORDINATION PHYSIOLOGICALLY

DEATHUSUALLY FROM DISTURBANCE TO

CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM OR DISEASE OF VITAL ORGANS

PREACTIVE DYING: 3 MONTHS, WITHDRAWS SOCIALLY, APPETITE WANES

ACTIVE DYING: 2 WEEKS: RESTS, CONFUSED, EATS LITTLE, ORGAN SYSTEM SHUT DOWN, SKIN MOTTLING, CONGESTION, LOUD BREATHING

PASSIVE AGINGBREAKDOWN OF STRUCTURES, SLOWING

OF FUNCTIONSCONNECTIVE TISSUE BREAKDOWNDNA ERRORS BUILD UPLIPDS LIPOFUSCHINDAMAGE FROM FREE RADICALS

ACTIVE AGINGAUTOIMMUNITY DEVELOPSAPOPTOSIS

HUMAN LIFE SPAN120 YEARSUS:

MALE: 75.4FEMALE: 83.2

MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY: FUTURE??????????