;$ffi. ,;l*

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Li rn t t (.-. or t:t": l) nn, n: Col orn d o

Comeback Communities

The Revival ofherica's Cities

U.S" Deparrtment of Housing arnd Urbarn Development

farnuary 1997

Preface

As reccntly;15 thc 1960s., onr citics wcrc thc focrrl ;xrints ofArncrican ccononric pnrspcriry But in thc 1970s rrncl 80s things stilrtcrl tochirnge profiruucilrr Olclcr mrurLrfrrcttiring inclustries begrrn losing jobs., irnclmanv of thosc jclbs werc locatecl in urbrrn ftrctories" Wholc citics \,vcrcL-rrought clor,vu trs iuclustrics restructurecl. No instirution in Anc'ricr'r u,i'rs

hirrclcr hit bv the uaticln's cconornic trausfon-nirtion than our citics r'urcl

tl-rcir rcsiclents. But rlow thc clirection is chirnginu. Just ;rs cities clcclinccl inresponse to uirtionrrl econornic forccs ovcr thc prrst qu;lrtcr ccntlrr\r' thcirrcvirrrtl is rnanifbsting itself toclrry Econon-ric ancl sociirl trcncls thrrt secmcclto run hopclcssly ciou'nhill hrrvc bcgun revcrsing their trajcctorll Citics firrwhich obitu:rries wcrc r'vritten :rre rlow stirring rvith new lif-e: Detroit.Newark, Clcrrelancl, ancl lnanv rnore.

In this cvcle of retteurirl, what rrlrurv ttrbirn observers htrvc for-rncl isthirt br.cerlls<: of the instinrtions trrtcl investrne nt basc lcft behincl' cities rlrenot only relev;rut to the New Econom--v - knor.vlc'c1ge i-rncl infbrmation-bflsc-cl, technology-intensirre., globally-orientecl - they irrc vitirl. HUD'srecent rcport, Arnerica's New Econoruy nnd, the Challenge of the Cities.,clcarly clc'tnonstrtltes this dynatnic new econornic rel;-rtionship. Amc'ricar'scities arc still the principrrl engines for our gre2lt universities, hospitals.'rescrr.rch centers, corporation, banks., ancl governmellts. Our nirtionrrleconoffIv rrnd rnetropolit;rn economics cirmrot tl-rrive ancl cornpete in theglob:rl rnarrketplace without urban Anerica.

With their rnllselun s, fbstivi'rl rnir rketpl aces, convention centc rsrrnel sports aren:r.s,. A.merictr's cities erre focal points fbr culnrral ancientertarimnent activities., irncl internirtiontrl mc'eting places fbr conrrerltionsirncl tottrists. Ceutral citic's servc r1s the nation's mtrjor watL'r ports)railroercl hubs rrncl trucking cerltcrs. Even as w-e builcl lnore highr,va.ys erncl

airports or1 thc' metropolitrrn fiinge' lnost cities still ;rre the regionirl rrnclinte rnational hubs fbr the distribution of proclucts rrncl sc'rv'ices r,l,ithin theregion irncl ircross the rvorlcl"

Our nc'w report., Corueback Coru.ncu.nities: The Revival ofAtnericats Cities, provicles cletailecl statistics of the nationu'icle urbanecollon-lic recovery; aloug r,l'ith case snrdies of econornic irncl colnlnllniryrc'vitrrlizartion in12 of our nation's citics. Thcse recovelv eflorts have bcengre rrtly aiclecl by the econolnic gror,vth of thc past four ]-cars unde rPresiclent Clinton's leaclership, trs well ?1s through targetecl fbcler;ll progrrlrnsto help rebuilcl citics, rrrnging frorn colnlnrlniq' b;'urking to communitypolicing. HUD's own prlrtnership cflbrts to sllpport urbtrn revit:rlizirtion,suclr as the L,mpor,ve rrnent Zones trncl Ente rprise Comrnunities, Homc-owtrership Zones', i1r1cl Ecouontic Derrelopr-nc'rlt Inititrtive,.trlong withour actiorts enabling citics to recorrlect with their regionrrl c-conornies,inclucling Briclges to Work ancl the Mctropolitzrn Econornic Strategy',are contributir-rg to the recr:llt rer.iv:rl of prospe riry ancl clui-rlity' of lif-e forpcople in urban cornlnllnities. Thc challcnge aherrcl is to continlle r,vorkingtogether, builcling on this ecorlolrric momcllrllm. This rc'port is a rvork-in-progress in meeting such a vitrrl challer-rge.

lll

Thble of Contents

Prefrrce ... iii

Introduction ......... 1

Tlre Economic Comeback ......... 4

The New Metropolitan Econorny..... ..... 5

Tlre Comrnunity Comebirck... ..........7

President Clinton's Strategy for Cornmunity Prosperity .. .......9

Case Studies of Comeback Communities

Detroit

Clerre larnci ....

Bost()n

Ilirltimore ....

Adarutar

I(trns:rs City

Cincinnati . ".. "

Ncwrrrk

Los Angeles .

Philaclelphi;r ..

Chicargcr

New York

Conclusion: The Future of America's Cities

11

t2t3

t4T6

T7

L7

IB

I920

2L

22

25

IntroductionTl'rerc \,vils ar time ) half ar c-cntllry ag;o) r,r.he n thc heartof our n;rtiort's prrocluctirre Calparcity lvars loc-arte cl in themirjor cities" Urban Amcric;r rvers the n-ragnet fbr jol-rs

:rncl L-rusinesses, the e ngin. 9f econornic pjospre5itychuming ollt '.1r1 eve r-gro\,ving eln-rorlnt of gclocls anclservic-es fiom its f:rctclries, offices, wrrrehcluses atrclstorefionts" Yet tbr the olcler cities, parrticularrly in theinc{ttstri;rl hetrrtlernci clf the northealst alncl miclurest,this econornic focus L'regarn to charnge r,vith the gre;rt\\rrl\,re of suLrurlranizertion th:rt swept funericarbeginning in the 1950s" Renrrning World Werr IIveter;lns and their firrnilies rusheci to the suburbs toLluy homes, ancl wl-lere they movecl, industry erncl

commerce soon fbllorn ed. The olcier cities \,vereuuarble to expaulcl their bound;rries by rrnnexingsuburbern territory, arnd tlrey r,vartclred theirpopulirtion ancl employment base decline, ;rS

factories, stores, arnd homes literarlly stood vacantr,rrhile highwal|S, shoppirg centers, oftice arncl

industrial parrks, arncl residential subdivisions wereuncie r eonstrllction miles el\,vely from the city limits.

By the e;rrly 1960s, experts begalrl to terll< arbout the"rlrban crisis," with larrge minority populartionsfacing increersing joblessness ancl poverty trapped inurbern neighborhoods f.rr fiom r,rthere the jobs \,verestill growing. This new situation stood in starrkcontr?lst to the old urban Americar, the port-of-entryfbr economic oppornrnity, where millions ofn:rtive-trorn and immigreult urorkers got their st?lrtin large f.rctories ernd smarll businesses, learrnittg barsic

procluction skills on the irt, ars they eelrned their wayto tr better lifb for themselves and their f.rmilies"The lerck of employment opportunity for marny ofthe city's newest migrants fiom the rur'.rl sollth anclfbreign lands, ftie led by the tinder box of rarciarl andethnic discriminartion, lit the flames of urbarn riotsin the l;rte 1960s thart firrthe r herstened the exodus ofrnidclle class firrnilies ;rnd slrccessftil businesses fromurbarn Americal"

Some cities were able to buc[< drese trends byannexirg suburbarn larncl or engarging in city-collntyconsoliclirtion, places like |zrcl<sonville, Miirmi,Nashville, Colurnbus, Indianapolis, San AntoniooPhclenix, and Sarn |ose . But evenftrarlly, even fhst-gror,ving "sunbelt" cities lracl to confront the eco-nomic decentrirlization of the I970s ernd I9B0s thirtleft central cities r,vith rr clirninished role, als corporel-tions restrlrcturecl their orgarlizertions, clownsizecltlreir rvorl<fbrces, arnd rnoved their oper?ltions arrouncithe world in arn increarsingly rnobile ;rnd globarllycompetitirre rnarl<etpltrce " In the 1980s, no ciry was

exempt ficlrn the ccorlornic ancl sociirl chrrnges thartleft thern u'ith tougher chirllcnges to gcnerarteprospcrity ilrlcl irnprove cllt?llity of lifb Lry irttrircting,ancl rettrining Lrusinesses, fighting crirne and clru'gs,exp al rlcl i n-{ ho m e owrlc rs h ip a rlcl ;rf}clrd a b I e

. hous i.ng,

irnprorring tr?rnsportirticln and senrices, rn;rintaininggoocl schools ancl cleceut mcciicirl care) ancl Lruilclingcivic pirrticipatiou ancl comrnunitv priclc.

Tlre gooci r-lervs itr 1997 rs thirt r,r'[rile these refflaintrernenckrus chir.llengesr significalrlt progress is tirl<ingpl:rce on every front. Ecclnomic change lrars createcl '.r

new rnetropolit;rn ecorlorny orle in rvhich cities harve

;r rritarl role to plir,v in [..y aspects of ff]rrlllf.rcturing:rncl se rvices, res e arrch arncl eclucirtio n, trtl ns portar tionirnd trercie . Nso, $ovenllnent, Lrusiness, elrcl civicleac{ers in every metropolitirn region are r,rrorl<ing toenlrarnce their cit/s culturarl assets ars centers forrecreeltion, sportsl entertainment, arnd tourism.Anci tlrese hopeftil charnges arnd economic invest-tnents are not just being marcle to sprllce Llpdournto\,vn skyscr?lpers arnd urban walterfi'onts; theyarre harppening in the roughest neighl'rorhoods wherepublic-private partnerships arncl grassroots orgarniz;r-tions ?lre building new homes' new stores) ne\,vclinics., new job trarining centers) ne\,v Lrusinesses)arnct rrrost irnporttrntly, new hope.

The bottom line is sirnply this: the cities are corningbarck. They herve ntruecl the corner on clesparir. Thesigns ancl irends are positi peopl. ,rt-ril jobs arnd

sarfe streets are renrrning. Opprrnrnity., responsitrility,irnd cornmunity are gror,ving once agirin. Greartchallenges lie arlread, but the urban prospects for the2lst cenfi-rry ?lre f.rr briglrter toclry tharn they were ert

the beginning of the 1990s.

D ert p er ts dotvrttowrt. trnrusit ntnll.

Improving tends In America

Jobs In MillionsCreating New Jobs

j1,219,000

NewAuto

IndustryJobs Slnce

January 1993

NewConstructlonJobs Since

January 1993

NewJobs

50 Largest CitiesNovember 1992-November 1996

New JobsNatlonwlde

SinceJanuary 1993

(Over 90o/oPrivate Sector)

Aggregate Population Increased 450,000 In 50 Largest CitiesFrom 1990-L994"

The Nurnber Of People In PovertyFell By 1.6 Million.

Gutting The DeficitBillions Of Dollars

January1993

The Deficit FIas Been ReducedBy 60 Percent.

Reducing The Poverty Rate

4

2

01994 1gg5*

Natlonally*Largesf drop in a decade.

Lowest-ever Nrican American povertv rate, and firsttime below 30o/osince datawas collected in 15i59.

Percent

Safer Nation, More Secure CitiesNationally 54 Largest Cities

Less Crime Violent Crime Down0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

5"/o LessReported

Crlme1992-1995

6% Less1994-1995

13% Less1992-1995

14.77o LessOverall Crime

1992-1995

Improving Trends In America

The First Three-Year Decline In Violent CrimeFor The Entire Nation Since 1960.

Median Family Income Is Up $I,631From L992-1995.

More Homeowners Than Ever BeforeMillions

60

50

40

30

20

10

0 1989 1993 1996(1st Quarter) (lst Quarter) (4th Quarter)

There Are 4.5 Million New I{omeowners

Family lncome ls UpThousands Of Dollars $40.6$+o

35

30

25

2A

15

10

5

01993 1995

*Adiusted for inflation. Median African-American family income is uptrom 1992-1995.

Since f anuary L993.

The Economic Comeback

P;rrt of the rearson for the recent : arnd strorlg -economic come Lrercl< of our nertion's cities is thrrturlr'.rn Amcric;r is sharriug in the general reco\,'er\r arucl

gro\^/th of dre perst fbrv )/e?rrs. Since the begiming of1993, the Aneric;rn econolnlr hers erdclecl t 1"2 millionne\ / jol-rs, priverte sector growth hars arrerargecl

3.2 pe reent arruruerlly, the Lrnelnployment ratte hzrs

{roprp*.d ,,r_5"3.percent, rncl rearl w?lges are no\4/inere;rsing for the first tirne in more than al clecarde .

Median family income has risen b1' slrer $ 1,600 sinceL993. Pove rry ernd income inequ;rlity harve cleclinedclramarticrlly in tlre past three years) wirh sffongincome garins for wornen and minorities" TheArneriearn cconomy hars adcled 991,000 constructionjcrbs since ];rnuarry L993,:rlong rn ith 164,000 neu,manufercnrring jolrs, arncl 105,000 jobs in theautornobile inclustry. Toclary - for the first tirne sincethe 1970s - Anerica once ag;rin leards the rvorld inproduction of carrs and truc[<s. The numlrer of alltoincltrstry jobs is nor,v art its highest level since 1979 "

furd the 164,000 increase in rnarnuf.rcnrring ernplcly-rnent contrasts sharrply with the previous eight-yearperiod (1985-92), when the U.S" econom,lr lost2.1, million manuf.rcnrring jol-rs. Sirnilarrll', in the fburyears before L993, constrlrction ernplo)rment inAnrericar erctuarlly declined by 667,000 iolrs"

Through arggressi\re) entrepreneuri:rl le;rclership arnd

tarrgeted inrrestrle nt ancl tax polieies) rnost Americancities lr;rrre generrrteci business exparnsion thar spre.:rdsdre benefits of our colultry's reeent econoffuc rerrnral.Fclr ex?lmple , over the parst fbur )'e;rrs Americat's50 l;rrgest cities herve arelcled rnore th;rn I "2 millionne\,v jotrs. Iob incretrses h;rve ranged ficlm over130,000 in Phoenix; over 70,000 in l{ouston arncl

Dar.llrrs; over 60,000 in Nerv York ;rnc1 Austin; o\rer50,000 in S'.rn Antonio; o\/er 40,000 in Las \"egars;over 30,000 in Nershville, San ]ose, Chicirgo,Memphis, Ccllumbus, ]arcksonville, Portland, Atlant;rotrncl Los furgeles; over 20,000 in fncli;rnapcllis,Se;rttle, I(arnsars Citlt Tlrcson, Fclrt Worth, San f)iego,De troit, Denver, Charrlotter ernel AIL'ruqLle rque ; arnel

over 10,000 in Barltimore, Ornaher, Oldahomer Citl',S;rcrarrnento, Milurarukee, El Perso, Boston, Cleltelarnd,Toledo, Tlrlsa) ?lnd Miarni" f)uring tl-re parst fliro ye?lrs)virtuarlly arll of the nartion's m;rjclr eities h;rve postedjob g;rins"

Alscl, in the ;rirst four )rearrs the nartion's 50 lerrgestcities cllt their Llnemployrnent rate bv arn average of2 "6 perce nt. Some ciry perfbrmarlces were eve n moredrerm;rtic. Detroit's unernployment r;rte cleclined Lllt7 .4 percent. The ciry ioblessness rate dropped byo\rer four percent in S;rn |ose, Fclrt Worth,Sacramento, Boston, Clevelarnd, atnd O;rleland; ;lnclfell lry rnore tlr;rn drree percent in f)arllas, S'.rn f,)iego,Berltirnore, Sern Frarncisco, Atlerntat, atnd Seirttle .

In arddition, rearl per capit;r personal ineoffre h;rs

grown in numerolls cities eluring the past fclur yearslsuch ers Philacielphia, New York, St. Louis, Barltirnore,Denver, Sern Fr;rncisco", arnd lderv Orle:rns. i\'IurnicipalL-ror-rd r;rtings of several cities h;rve improrted since thel:eginning of 1995, inclttding Phil;rclelphiar, St. Louis,]arcksonville, arncl Detroit. Anct the r;rpiclly elecliningfbcle r;rl budge t de ficit co m bi necl urith su Lrs tar nti al 11'

lor,rrer interest rates harte en;rblecl America'scities to save billions clf etrollarrs in eie Lrt refinerne ingsince I993 "

Finalll', klrlother import;lnt sign;rl thart the eeorlornicfornrnes clf certrell cities alre on the rise is thertcolrlmerci;rl office builcling oecup;u1cy is irt thehighest level in ol'er er clecarc{e . Four }tears agor orleolrt of erre r)' tive slFlr"rre fbet of prote ntiall)r leasrrbleclournto\l/r1 office space stelclcl v;rc;ult" B)' the encl of1996, ofliee vare elney r;rtes in orlr nation's cities haclCrclppeel all the )".ry clorvn tcl 12 percent. Lorvervrlcarlcles mean higher ceonclmie arc:tivit)', '.lncl fhusmore jobs for nrl'rarn Americzr"

Arruaricn 0rt00 ngairu leads tlte ttrorld in nutontobile productior't,"

The New Metropolitan EconomyThe recent econornic rcrrirral of Atne rica's citicsreflects more tharn the orrerall nationarl tretrcls. Tocla\'.,

cities hr\.e colne through the wrenching ecorlomic '

chrrngcs that" halve profoulllly arfTccteci inclustries rrucl

regi.o3s trucl ltarte emergecl in.el ne\\,' arncl stron.ger

1-rosition r,rrithin the metropolitan, rtnci the glol'ral,marketprl;rce . ht the Arnericaru ccotlomlr of the 21stcerltur1,, unlike the economy of 50 ye;rrs agol it ncr

longe r tnirkes se nse to divide cities ancl sul'rttrl'rs "

Businesses are no\,\r closelv linked througlr inclustrl,'"clustcrs" thart cotlnect manttf.rcturers to bttsinesssenrice providers, sllppliers to distributors) researchirncl developffletlt to procluct marketing. Thesecluste rs are orgaln tzed. along tnetropolitan line s.

Businesses operating rvithin these clusters h:rve ;t

rrariett' of speciarlizecl neccls thart can onlY be fillectthrou-gh the ecotlomic Civersitv of the e ntire metro-politirn region" ]ust ;rs cities once gre\\, b,y i:tttt''.1c_ting

br-rsinesses tlrrough their uniqlre cotnbinertion ofecorlomic specializartion arnd diversificartion) nowrnetropolitan regiotls perforrn the s?tme ftinction.The refbre , cities plery a series of essential roles as partof the larrger rnetropolitzrn m?lrketplarce. Suburb;rngrowth cannot ta[<e plirce rvitholrt urbarn econornicvitalityr nor celn cities continlle to tlrr"ive unless theY21rc deeplv intertr,vined r,vith suburbarn productionanci distrilrution.

In tocla,fs ne\,v rnetropolitan econom)'-_ clriven bytl:: engine of dvnarmic industrv clusters _- centralcltles se rve as:

Centers of fnnovation andAdvanced Services

America's cities bring together a specialized, highly-skilled lrrbor force thart performs intensive activitiesin researrch, design., clevelopment, marketing, lalrt,

accollnting, bernking, insurarnce) 9-tgl"eering, cotn-municartions, arncl a r,vide remge of othe r business audflnarncial se rvices. Mrrny of these concefltrttecl urbarn

business activities are closely connected by maflilge-rnent to suburban ce nters of goods assembl)t infor-m;rtion processing, rvholesale or retaril szrles. Inparrticular, ne\,v innclvartion-driven inclustries such as

multirnedia (computer grarphics, softr,r,'alt e., tele-coffImttnictrtiotts, television and film procluction,etc.), tend to cluster in urban loctrtions such as

Ncur Yor[<'s lor,vcr Manh'.ltta1n, Los Angeles' urest

sicle, Chic;rgo's near uorth side, or S;rn Fretneisco'ssouth of M;rr[<e t district"

Centers of Education, Research,and l{ealth CareArnericir's citics '.lre still the principal m?lgllets fbru nirre rs i ties, h os p i ttr I s, ar trci re I irteci eclucarti cl nar I er ncl

mcdical research instinrdons" Cities ?lttrelct aneclucrrtecl, clirrersifrecl urorkforce of people urith highll'specializec{ teachit'tg and researrch skills thart arecriticirl tcl the clcrreloprne nt of rle\\' tcchnologies rrncl

proclucts rlrlcl the raplclhr increirsing investment in ourr,rrorlcl's knourledge-baseci economv.

Atlmttn's dowrttowru Grndv ,fuIeruot inl Hospitnl iru theEttcp otv ennent Zort,e "

Centers of Culture, Recreation,Sports, Entertainment, Conventionsand TiourismFrom mllselrms to fcstivarl rnarl<etplerces, fiomconvention centers to sports arenas, Americat's citieselre making a comeback ars focarl points for metropolitarnculnrral and entertainment arctivities as well ars

intern;rtionarl me etirg plerces ernd tourist arttrtctions.

Centers of Thansportation and Tl'ade

Even as rve builcl fflore highr,vays aud airports on thelnetropolitan fi inge, America's cities are still marjorce nters for wate r ports (ocearn, rivet, or [ar[<e ), railroaclports' and trttcl< ports. Cities serve als the hubs foriegionzrl and even internartionarl transportation anci

distribution of people ernd goods. Urbirn job gror,vthtgd.a)'. often depends on exP?lncling regiclntrl arnd

globtrl trarde that gener;ltes tralnsportartion-relatedbusiness activities in cities"

Market and Workforce Centers:Centers of NeighborhoodsThat Are I{ome to Millions ofWorkers and ConsumersArneriea's eities harre great econornic assets in thestreng;th arnci ethnic clirrersitl' 6rg their ne ighLrorhooe{s,ftill oT rvclrkers., corlsllrners.,'Lrusiness proprietorslhomeowners, parrents, chilclrelf, families) trlxpalvers,inrrestors, ellrrent arnd prospectirre citizens" Yet frrr tclclrlarnlr of these colnmuniries are still unelerse rrrecl L-r)t

existing businesses., uncle rcirpitarlizecl ars -pl:rces for

ncw investtnent ;rncl fin'.rncing, arnc{ underutilized ingenerating emplo\rment oppornrlities for theirresiclents" Expancling L'rusinesses ancl jolrs in urlrarnne i gh Lrorl-l oeicls u i ncre as i ng eclucerti o n er nd trar in i ng,a"uncl connecting inner-city f.rmilies to suburbarnemplcl),ment through better transportartion, honsing,;rnd jtb plereernent ner\ /orks rvill make fbr a morehighly proeluctive metropolit;rn economy ancl cre?lrear rnricle r Lrtrse of e conomic prospe rity, rising incornes,ernc{ grorving markets for the e ntire rnetropolit:rn region"

New hilets lonret" Mnnltnttntt. slq,litrc"

Hrtustort's Cert'trnl Ci,t1, Indttstt inl ltnt4e irt the Etohnpce d Etlterpri,se CoTtcnton'fi.ty.

rsiA X+-FFA{. T tffi*G - }t/* S }.t&.€$i$Si*ffi\fiG _ OqFC€S

:50 - sgzs ?22- 2r1r

f riot{

The Community ComebackAmericir's cities ?lrc not only coming barcl< cconornicalltithe.v errc also coming_!*k by sta.bilirill-i ancl strcngth-ening comu-rurlities. IJrL-ran clualin'of lifb is improvingrrlong r,r'ith increirsccl cconornic prosperity Neigh-L-rorhoocls tlre improrring alclng rvith c{ou,'ntclrvns.

Oue sign of the communiq,' corne birck is th;rt home-or,r'uersltip is expiinciing in our nrrtion's cities. Since1990, ne irrly 700'000 centr?rl city resicle nts harreL-rccotle homeor,vltcrs" In the ptrst three yealrs) citiesharre participirtecl in the most signifrctrnt nirtionr,rriclchomeor,vnership boom in clectrcles, u'ith 4.5 millionner,r, horneowners in Americar since 1993. Ther-ti'rtionirl horneor,vne rslrip rirte is now 65.4 pcrcellt'thc highest level in I6 years. The totarl number ofhomeorvrers raltionwide is irt its ,.rll-tirne peark of66"3 rnillion, ancl in 1995 the horneo\,vnership rarte

rose rnore thaln in arny single ye?rr sincc I965.

Another vit:rl sign that Aunericar's cities rrre comingL-r:rck is the substirntiarl recluction in the crirne r?lte.Betr,vcen L992 and 1995, the nurnber of violentcrimes in the nation's 50 l;rrgest cities declined by anaverlrge of l3 percent. 1\Iany cities reducec{ violentcnme everl more significirntly during dris period,u'itlr clecreases such as 27 percent in Sern Antonio,26 percent in New York, 22 percent in l(arnsars City,20 percent in Los Angeles zrnd Sarn Francisco,lB percent in Boston and Denver; 17 percent in/ercksonville, and l6 percent in Seattle.

Also ?1n encouraging sign of commllnity cornebzrck isthat America's 50 larrgest cities together lrarve girir-reclsulrstantial populzrtion since the begin.i.g of tl-reclecrrde, irccorclitrg to current Censlrs estimates. A,Iostof the largest garins, as one might expectr irre in citiesof the south arncl west where strtewide populartions?lre growing the f:rstest ancl r,vhere m:lny of drese citiesare still al-rle to exparnd their territoriarl btrse . Citiessuch ;rs Cherrlotte, Austin, Albuqllerque., S:rn Antonio,Denveq ]acksonville, Sern )ose, Houston, Miarmi,arncl Nirshr,'ille postecl lzrrge percentelge gzrins in theirpopulation. Yct e\ren older cities including I(;rns:rsCity, Portlancl, San Frarncisco, Searttle, Adernta, irndNew York also grew in populirtior-r.

An irnportant reerson fbr this corrllnllniry comeb;rckis thc mol-rilization of civic and business leadershir-r togeueratc arnd support urban revitzrlization initiartiries.O rg:urizirtions like Clevelirnd Tornorror,v, DetroitRenir.issernce, the Ncrv York City Pirrtnership, trndrnalny other sin-rilarr grollps harve playecl pivotal roles

in :rttracting nerv inrrcstmcnt trncl clerrcloping effectivepubIic-prrirrattc prtrtnershigrs th;rt combinc f-cderal.,statei ;rncl klc:rl govenlmcnt foincls rvith prirrtrtesectoq uon-profit, :tncl colrlmunitlr-b'1sg I rcsources.This spirit of civic lcardcrship w:1s'rr m:rjor ftrctor inthe Clinton Aclministrtrtion's Ernpowerfflent Zoncsanei E,nterprise Comrnunitics initiative, r,vhereL-rusincss ancl civic- groups generatecl billions ofclollars. in putrlic irncl prirrelte. sector invcstrnentcommitments in orc{er to r,vin the fbclcrarl Empowcr-merlt Zclnes coll-lpetition. In Detroit, for cxample,fleirrly nvo t-rillion clollars of privtrte investrnentr,vas pleclgccl in sLlpport of tlrc city's successfhlEmpcx,vennent Zone applic;rtion.

By rvorking hard to cre?lte ?1nci strengthen civicpartnersh ips, po li tictrl erncl gove nlmellt?rl le arde rs h igr

- spe?lrheadecl b1' entrepreneurial lnilyorsl alongrvith other electecl ofticials incluciing U.S. senatorsirnd representirtirres., governors and stirte legislattors,ernd city council members - h:rs been :rn :rl-rsolutelyesse ntierl f.rctor in the recent corne berck of Arnerica'scities. The rn:ryors of the cities highlighted in ourCalse sftrclies: Dennis Archer of Detrclit. MichaelWhite of Clevehrcl, Thomars Menino of Boston,I(urt Schrnoke of Bzrltimore, Bill C:rrnpbell ofAtl?rntzr, Etnzrnuel Cleerver of I(arnsa'rs CitE RoxanneQuarlls of Cincinnati, Shrrrpe )irmes of Ner,vrrrk,Richarci Riord:rn of Los A.ngeles, Eclu'arcl Rerlcle llof Philadelphiet, fucharrcl Dirley of Chicago, arncl

Rudolph Giuliarr-ri of Ner,v York - :rlong with manyodrer meryors across the courltry - hirve slror,vnexen-rplzrqr leerdership :rnc{ vision in t;rking on thechalleuging tarsk of rnoving.their cities fcrrrvarrcl ir-rtcr

economic prosperity irncl jobs for the 2Ist cennrry

Finirlll,, zr major instinrtion clirecting the comebzrck ofurbarn neighllorhoods are corl rnunity developrnentcorpor?ltior-rs (CDCs). These are grassrootsr non-profit, or church-inspired arctivist organizartions thatcreate jobs trnd businesses, build arnd mirnirgetrfford:rble rental housing, develop arncl increirseirftbrciable homeownership, provide vitzrl servicessuch zrs health c?lre' chilcl c?lre) transportation,business financing zrncl technical assistirnce, ernd jobtririning arnd plircefflent, arncl engrrge in environrnentalclean-up arnd crime prevention through anti-clrugprograms and coffunlulity policing. ABC's 'Nightline"recently profileci successful eflbrts by communitydeveloprnent corporzrtions revitzrlizing South Bronxneighl-rorhcxrds in Ner,r, York.

Tbd;rtr "the

re are ffrore than 2,000 of these CDCsoperalti^g in urlr;lr reighborhoocis all ;lcrossAmericzt, arncl thel' h;rrre L'ruilt or reharbiliterted u'ello\rer 400,000 units of ;rftbrcl;lble housing nertion-u'icle , rn'ith cnrre r1t procluction of 40,000 units ;r

yean CDCs harrre elerrelopeel over 23 million squ;lrefeet clf eornme rcial ;rncl industrierl spaee , establishedelntl supporte cl hundrecls, of nerv businesses, cre ateclne ;rrly l00,000 constrllction arnd pe r r1;lne nt jolrs,;rud prclvieled eritic;rlly neecled serviees to sulrst;rntierlnumbers of comlnunity resiclents. tMirny of thelargest CDCs, such ;ls the New CommunityCorporertion in Ner,vark, TELACII in Los furgcles,Focus: F{OPE in l)etroit" and the Bedford-

Snrlves?lnt Restorartion Corpror;rtion in Brook\'p,are rnajor elnploysl"s ir"l their neighlrorhooc{s. SeverarlCDCs clirecth'ernPl..y over tr,000 people " T[enationr,rride networl< of tr]ore th;rn 2,000 CDCs iss Llpporte ci by n;rti on;r I org;111 izer tions p roiri el i ngfinaneierl ernd technic;rl ;rssistanec. including the LocarlInitiartives Support Corporation (LISC), the Ente r-prise Foundation, the Neighbclrhoclel Reinl'estmenrCorpor;rtion, the b{artion;rl Comn-luniw f)errelopmenrInitiative $CU), numerous phil;rnthropic founcll-tions and religiolls orgarniz;rtiolfs) government agencies,trs rvell ;rs private fin;rnci;rl insdnrdons encouragedby gL* fcel^errrl Communiry Reinvestnnent Aet r*rteithe r ineentives.

,fi,ffiCoynnauruity Policirl n it,t Il nlti,r,t00r.e

"

President Clinton's Strategy forCommunity Prosperity

Thc ccntcrr-ricce of I'rcsicicnt Clintou's polic-r'firr citicsrrncl pcol-rli lit'iug in citic.s is to grou, tlic e.-onomr:F{c recclgnizcs thtrt in rlrclcr for errcr\ronc to shrrrc inthc Lrcncflts of prospcritr; tltcrc ur.trt lre ccononricgnruth. Thc Presiclcnt took as his rnrrin rc.sponsilrilitvio h,rve ;rn eflbctivc strirtegt' fbr promoting^e.-otxruri.lgrott'th' ttncl he h;rs llrgch'.sttccecclecl in this tt'rsk. Sinccthc beginning of 1993., the Americern cc-onolny hrrs

aclciccl-11.2 ririllion rlew jo[-rs, priverte scctor gtou'thh ils :r\rcrrrgecl 3 . 2 pcrcc nt ?u1rlua1l ltr, thc ttncml-llt)\'lne lltrtrtc hrrs clro;r;recl to 5.3 pcrcent ancl rc;rl \\'?lges arrc r-l()$'incrcirsine for thc first timc itr tlore thirn ar clec;rcle .

The sccond p;rrt of the Pre.sidcnt's strrltcgf is e nirlrlinuurbarn lcaclership to t;rlce firll ;rclvaultage of the strollgnertionrrl economtr Thc Clinton Adrninistrartiou h:rs

clcvclol'recl ,r se t.rif targetccl incentirres ancl tzrx policicsencollr:lging prirrate c.apital. to.invest ir-r citics, erncl

enlpowerirrg people living in Americar's cities tosul-rsfirnti;rllv increase busineSs rnd em;rkr1'rnentopportluritic.s, ?lnd to exp;rncl econornic prosperitl'aurcl cpurliw of lifb for firurilies ancl cc>mmunities.

Prcsiclent Clinton's Empo\\,'erment Zoncs :rnclEntcrprisc.Cornmunities ir-rititrtive clflbrccl a challcngcto huncirecls of cities: if thev creatc r1l1 ecorlolnrcgror,vth ?rt-tr{ commuttiq' re investtncfit stl altcg)t fortargetccl lor,r'- incomc nc i ghl-rorhoocls ; i f th c i r str?ltegyemphasizcs ;-rriv:rte scctor grorvth ar-rcl ftllly iuvolvesboth l-rusincsses ancl loc:rl residents in strartegicpl:rnning ancl progrirm implcment;rtion; then citiesc:rn rcceive fbderal funcls' employcr talx crcciits,re-gtt I itto ry \,\, aive rs., ;t ttc{ i nte rage nc)r cooPe rartio n tolrelp ensure theii straltegV's sllccess. Tirclarli 72 crttesrlcr()ss America hzrrrc rcccirred clesi-e;n;rtion, arucl rrl;rn\,'rl!)re alre cng?lgccl in scrious colnlrlurliw builciingcflorts ils ?r reslrlt of thc p:rrticip?ltonr cornrntulitvprlirnnin$ process ellcottrergecl L-r1' the iluvarrcls cotnpe-tition" Prcsiclent Clinton has callecl for ar seconclrotrrrcl clf Empo\\,'emrent Zr>nes to exD?ulcl theirritiativc to ,rclclitionrrl citics and regi6ns. MajorEZs,Strl-rplernentirl EZs, anci Enhflncecl ECs inclucieDetro it, B arl timore' P h i lirde lphitr, Ch icargo, Ne$' York,Los Angeles, Atlirntrr, Clerrel;rncl, Boston, I(alns;lsCit\! F{ottston, arnd Oaklartrcl. These are cities lt'ithncighl-rorhrxrcls on the fi'ont lincs of thc berttle tochrrnge the frrce of ur[-r'.rn Americir, ancl thcv 211'g

mirking significernt progrcss "

Also, a kct' perrt of ;rnv cit1"s elssets anci li;'rl-rilitics is

its l;urcl. This r,itrrl rcsorlrce cnallrleci cities to girow'anci is u'hrrt tl-rcv hirvc t-rccn left r,r'ith rvhen L-rnsinesses

;'rnd rcsiclcnts llx)\'e out. Dttring thc periocl of ccotronricc-lr;rngc in thc 1970s anc{ 80s' cities bccamc burcienccln'ith thc rcsr-ronsil-riIin' ancl c<lst of cnrtironmcntrll

. ,- l

clcrrn-uP fxrnr hnci thirt hircl Llccn polh-rtcci or nrirclctoxic L-rv prior intlttstrirrl ttscs. \,irc;rnt lrrnci aurcl

Lruilciings cilll ['rc ur;rjor a.sscts to lrc reclrcls.l lirt.lcrrelopnrent :rncl nc\\r economical11' Prulc{nctive uses.,

Lrnt onl1, if thet' :rrc fi'ec fiom hirnnhll suLrst;tuces.Thc Presiclcnt's Brou'nficlc{s initiirtivc, inrrolving thcEPA ancl HIJD, etr;rl-rlcs cities to clc;rn up enrrirou-mentrrllv c{ilmereccl pro;lcrticsr zlllcl reclcrrelclp them torevitalizc their econornies arrtcl colnrmnitics.

Rebui I cl i ng Arn eric-rr's com nru ni ties rcqui res lnorethirn inrrestme nt clf res()rlrces - it ;rlso rccluire.scornmitment. Thart is onc of the rnrll-l\r re;lsons u,'h\tpronroting url-rern homcou'ncrship is .so iurportlnt.Ou'ning er honre often mcans zrccurnul:rting sarringsancl flnarncial gain, and :rlso iurrolt es zt grerlt cie:rl <lfpersoutrl, f :rrn i |y, i1 tlrl co m urtutiq' respor-rs ibi I ity.Hornerlr,rrncrs bccc)lne active citizens to maint;rin thcvirlue zrncl cluirlitl' of the ir homes arncl ne ighborhoocls.The Pres ic{c nt's N rrtion;rl Horncou,'trers h ip Stralteg\r

- rvith thc goarl of generarting eight rnillion llewhorneourncrs [-ly the enci of the clcc-arc{c - is criticirlto the revival of Americar's citics. Alrearclrr therc atre

4.5 million llew homeorvncrs sincc thc l'rcginning of1993, anci the highest n:rtional homeou,'ncrship rrrtesincc 1980. Presiclent Clinton hirs proposccl tarx

policies - 21ll611ring thc u.sc of t:rx-free InclirricluirlRetirement Accolrnts for cklu,'np;r\rlnent on ;r firsthome, plus the virtuarl elirnin:rtiou of ctpitirl ga'tit-ts

taxes on horne sales - that r,vill help exptrnclhomeor,vnership. He is arlso tnerkiug sure thart keyseconc{a.ry mortgrlge mrrrkct instinrtior-rs such rrs

Fzrnnie Mae, Freclclie Mac' irnci Clir-urie Mrrc, clo theirpalrt to merke capiterl irvailtrlrle fclr urbzrn homeclrvncr-ship., arucl thirt privartc mortgLrge lenclers clo theirparrt r,vith the incluce me r-lt of the F{omc MortgzrgeDisclclsure Act atrcl e nforce merlt of frrir ler-rcling lrtr,r's.

The Nartionirl Prlrtne rs in Flomeottruership - :1 neltioll-w'ic1e publ i c-prirrartc. prrrtners h ip of orrer 60 nirtiou;rlorgrrniz;rtions rvorking together to irnplemcnt theN irtio narl Homcor,vrre rs hip S tr?ltegy - is e ncott rtrgi trgIocirl horneotrrnership partnerships irll rlcross Aurerica.There are now ()ver r30 state :rncl locarl homeourner-ship partnershiprs., r,r,ith elrlothcr 70 bcing estal-rlisheclin the ncxt 6 urclnths. Thcsc 1-r:rrtuershiprs arre prlattinu:r ke1' role in exptltlrling homcott'ucrship oppornu-ritiesin Arr-reric;l's con-rmunities.

The rnclst irnportalllt homeownership tool forrcvitalizing urb;rn neighborhcxrcls is Hclrneo\\'uershipZorrcs, r.l'ith FIUD prorricling loarns arncl gr;ll1ts t{)cities r,r'or[<ing ir-r partnership u'ith the prirrate sector;rncl rvith cornmunir1' orgarlizartions to L'ruilc{ hunclreclsof nern' arf1clrclzrl-rle hornes in selected neighborhoods.Lclcal tlevelopment grollps in Neu, )k;rk arnd othercities harre demoflstrzrte cl the eflbcti\/e ness clf Horne -owne rship Zr>nes to re builcl their communities,sueh as the Nehemiarh derrelopments thart started ir-t

Eelst Brookl)". and spreercl across the collntrl'. Ff[JD'srlew initiative enables cities to ?lcquire erncl imprortelerrge tralcts of vtrcant larncl ancl assist huncireds offirst-time hclmelruvers u'ith aftorclirble hclme loarn

firrarneir-rg. F{clrneou/nership Zones rvill Lrring people .,

stores, servicesr strfb streets, stronger schools,optin"lism ernd hope barck to erbandonecl and troubledurban eotnlnunities. During L997,IIIJ|) willprorride more tharn $100 millicln in grants arncl loarns

to support development of o\rer 3,000 rlew homes inFfernreownership Zones narticlnu'ide "

The Presictent's policies to L-rring more priverte capitalintcl urb;rn Americar arlso inclucle the nelv CommunitltDevelopment Finzrnciarl Instinrtierns Funcl, uthichrecently proviclecl $35 rnillion in irssistance to corrl-muniry cierrelopment l'rarnks irnd other prirrarte lenclersthat target carpital and creclit to revitalize neighlrorhoclclLrr-rsinesses and housing. Through its CommunitvErnpowerment Banking Initiartive, HUD has providecl$470 million in grants irnd loans to help esterblisheornrnunity development banks in Ernpo\4/ennentZclnes in Los Angeles, Baltimclre, ?lrld the MississippiI)eltar, arnd in Washington DC's Enterprise CommuniryPresident Clinton's strengthening of the CommunityRe investrne rlt Act h;rs ftirthe r arddecl billions of clolltrrstcl the poeil of privilte calpital arncl cre clit no\^/ irvaril;rbleto foster urlrarn ecenornic gro\4/th arncl arfforclatrlelrcrmeownership. Since 1993, priv;rte ban[< lending tcr

trercli ti cln ar I ly u nde rs e rved u rb ern ne i gh trorhoods h ers

increarseci Lry over 20 percent. Ancl priv;rte sectorineentives like the Lorv fncome F{ousing Trx Credit

A rt,ew r'tcigbbot'ltood bm,tlt, brntl,ch ht, Hot,tston'shn h nrt c ed Etttn'prisc C onnttttt,t,itt,"

c{e perrl;lllent b1r Presiclent Clinton - harrebrought c-;rpir_^l investrrle tlt cloll?lrs to urlr;rn alre ;rs fc;rconstrueting 120,000 utrits of arflorc{erl'rle privaltehottsing e:rch )re;rr"

Relruilcling comlnur-rities arlscl means tttrning pulrlichousing into attractive, lirr;rl'rle) n'lixeel-income neigh:borhoocls, r,ltith lorv-rise toutnholnes ;rtrcl plenqt ofoPPortuniq, for jcll-rs erud hclmeo\\rnerslripr" PresielentClir-rton hars cornfflitted to clemolishing 100,000 unitsof severely clistressecl high-rise public housing [r)' theend of the decerde . l)uring the past three years, ff]oreth;rn 23,000 units harrre '.rlreardy Lreen clemcllished, thefrrstest rarte of demoliticln in the history of the pulrliehousing program;JTulr's I{OPE VI progr. am

"harscornrnitted over $2 billion ro crearte rnore livarl-rle

comrnunities, Lry lorn'ering clensities, rarising ineclrnelerrels, offbring residents the choice to mo\re toprivate housing, oftbring working farnilies theoppornrniry to become prirrarte homeownerslprovidiog j.rb training ernd cdueertion services rCI

promote economic inclependenee through progrelmslike HUD's Carnplrses of Learrners, insisting onpersonarl responsilriliry by resiclents to upholcl thelarws, arncl screening olrt ernd evieting gelngs, elrugde;rlerso ttncl other violent critninarls.

Nl clf the cities in the fcrllclu'i*g c'ase snrclies arerebuilding their colnmunities rvith the aid of toolssuclr ars I{OPE Vf' Empo\ /erment Zones, audF{omeownership Zorrcs" These erncl other cities erre

expeurcling their colnffluniqr policing a"rctirrities rn'ithftinding ficlm Presic{ent Clinton's neu, Cclmmunitl'Oriented Policing Services (COPS) program to pur100,000 more police on cin/ sffeets. Alscl, cities are

arctive ly r"rti I izing th e C I i r-rton Acfu'n i n i str;r ti on's rn anynew e clucati o n t:rncl e rn ploym en t trer i ni ng i r-ri ti erti rres

to irnprove locirl schools ;rnd colleges, entrl-rlingpeople to upgrac{e their employment skills arncl finc{

gg"q-p;rying iolrs. An example is FfUD's. Briclges toWclrk progralrrr, cotrlecting inner ciry resiclents tor,rro rkforce tr?l ini ng, tr?lns portatio n, c h i lc{ c'.rre,

sllpportive serices, ernd jolr pl;'rcement tletworks thatgarin them flccess to clecent-p?r,ving jol'rs througheiutthe n'retropolitirn region

"

A strc)ng economy is ;rbsolutelv necess;lrll but Lr1'

itself is nclt sufficient to ensllre thrrt cities rvill comebarck. Trrgetecl fbder;rl resourr=es, ineluc{ing HIJD'sCommunity Development lJlock Grirnts (CDIIG),Economic Developn-lcnt Initiative (EDI) grelnts ;1rc{

Secticln 108 loans, YouthBuilcl jolr traritring arnc{

neighLrorhoocl reviterlizartion gr?lnts, atttcl HOMEInrrestmerlt P;rrtrlerships for ;rftorc{;rble hottsing, ilreclesignecl to enerlrle cities to relruilcl theurselves ;rncl

achieve local self-suf1icienclr ;rs integr;rl p;lrts of thene\\r e{1'n ;rrn ic- m etrclpcl I it:rn ccono m ies

"

l0

Case Studies of Comeback CommunitiesDetroitI)etroit greur ;ls "the Motor Cityl" urorlc{ capiterl ofLlutotlrol-rile procluction. Yet in the pLlst fbr,r' clecarclcs,

the cittt has Lreen losing population rrnd the regionh;rs lost celr arucl truck rnanllfhcnrring jobs in the firceof stiff compe tition fiorn |arpanese , Europe?ln, anclKorearn con'rpirnies. Recently, trzrcle ancl inrrestrncntpolicies lt;rve helpecl bring Lrarcl< the U.S" as the leaclerin global rnotor vehicle procluction ancl, with105,000 new auto jobs acldeci in the larst four years,Americir uor,l' hers the lriglrest autornobile inclustrycrnployment since 1979. While vehicle asscrnlrly is

now more clecentrarlizecl, the I)etroit rnetropolitarlrcgion still is the ce nte r of Americir's allrtolrlobileinclustry. But there has Lreen a ftindamental ch;rngesince the 1970s" T[re "transport'.rtion equiprmerlt"inclustry cluster Lrarsed in the Detroit region - r,vorldhea.cicllrarters of. Chrl'sleg l"r{, alnd Clenererl Motors

- ts now tlre glolrarl carpitirl. of allltomotive researclrulcl clevelopment, .engineering, aqrd clesign. Inerddition to exporting cars, vans, jeeps, arnd truc[<s,rnetropolitarn Detroit nolv exports corlsultingservices, docurnents, arnd engineering plans. T[rel)etroit Metropolitaln Airport now h;rs derily flightsfrlleci with engineers arnd consulternts traveling arll

over the rnrorld, including to Chinar, urhere f)etroit'sautotnotive experts elre erclvising Chinese inclustriarlistson [rou/ to Lruilcl stiltc-of-the-art c?1rs anc{ truc[<s"

Th: gogcl economic news for the Detroit rnettgp?litarnregion is also good ne\4/s for the ciry of Detrclit. Thecit\r's Lrnemployrnent ralte hars nearly been cut in half,clrcrpping by 7 "4 percent. Detroit lrars gainecl over24,000 new jobs in the p?lst four years] Lrecausecritic;rl elernentb of the regionerl arutomobile industrycluster erre located in the oir)r" These include [<ey lrusinessarnd financiarl services located downto\,vn, arncl theirgrowth is best syrnbolized by the recent purcherseby Cienererl Mcltors of the Renirissance Center onDetroit's warterfront, which will serve als Gtr,I's newlvorlcl heaclqllelrters for over 10,000 employees.

In adclition to dor,rrnto\,vn renewal, rllto industryrnarlufircturers and parts sllppliers ;rre rapicllyexpanding ancl revitarlizing Detroit's ne ighborhoocis.Chrysle r invested $ 1 billion to mode rnize its]efferson North leep alsSernbly plarnt in the cityseveral years ago) :rncl l;rst year Chrysler ernnouncedplarns to invest $ 750 million in aln engine plarntlocartcci in Detroit's Ernpowerrnenr Zone that willernplo,v Lrp to 1",000 worl<ers. Orrerall, the Ernpower-rnent Zone hers rrttr;rcted rnore tharn $2 billion inprivatc investment arnd thousarnds of ner,v jobs) manlr

of thern r,vithin the allto inclustry cluste r. TheseLrusiness firrns incluclc the Letrr Corporation, BingManufarcnrring, Ti'im Tech, Nerv W*-y MirterialHanclling, Pistoir Parck;rging, O-I TfernsportCornpilrlfi Motor Ciq, fntcnnoclarl, HisprrnicM;rnufhcftrring, Miclu,'est Steel", Ilroercl Vogt &Conru-rt, |ohrl.son Controls Automotive SystelnsGroup., anci Chivls Produ:m" Y*ry of the new arnc{

gror,virlg comptrnies ?lre mtnontv-o\,vr1ecl, irnd arll clftlrem ,.lre

e mploying Empo\,vennent Zone resiclents.Tlr e n ar ti o tr a I I y - reco gr1 rzecT co ln rl un i ty cleve lop m e n tcorporatiorr, Focus: HOPE, hars createcl lrunclrec{sof training arucl i.b opportunities fbr inner cir.y youthand yolulg aciults throu-u;h its Center for AclvernceclTeclrnolo-gy, mirking m?rclrtl. proclucts for allto-motive companies such irs f)ctroit f)iesel. I{Uf)recerltly providecl Focus: HOPE r,vith $ 1B millionin grarlts and loans to clevelop ar stxte-oflthe-artconfbrence center ancl residentiarl eclucation facility"

Dewoit's Rennissnrt,ce Certter nnd dowrutowru slet,line.

After cars arnd tmcks, the second larrgest indllstrycluster in tlre Detroit area is hearlth services, ancl fiveof the eiglrt marjo5 hos.pitals r,vithin the metropolitanregion are locatecl in the ciry of Detroit" Iob tririningfor heerlth-relirted industry jobs is exparncling inDetroit's Ernpo\,\re rment Zone through arn initiativecirlled Neu, Beginnings, ancl plir.ns are in the r,vorks todevelop a medicerl industrierl parrk in the city's NewCenter f)istrict" Public-priverte partnerships tct investin workers erncl businesses are ar [<ey f.rctor in f)etroit'seconomic comel'racl<, incluciirg : trrrgeted procure-lnent bt, Forcl, Gt\'I, erncl Chrysler to minoriry-clwneeland Ernpo\,vennent Zone-locarted supplier fir"ms; a

$52 million I)etroit fnvestmerlt Fund organized bycorporate learclers fiorn f)etroit Renaissance thart has

ll

;rlre;rd-v inrrestecl $12 r-nillion to stimultrtc Lrusinessstarft-Llpsl ex[r..nticltr, irtrcl rete nticln, irtrel ?],ttractcon-rparnie.s relocarting to. the citl';. $?qq rnillion incolrlmercrarl ;rnd inclustriarl loarns in 1995 fion-rL) e rro i t- ;r re rr fl n rrn c i ;r I i ns d nr ti o ns to bus i ne s s e s

located in the Ernpo\\/erffrent Zr>ne; a communitl'eleveloptnert bzlnk rnclcleled or alne{ mzrnargecl L-r1'

Chic;rgo's South shore Birnk; ;rncl a $ 100 rnillionDetroit Wclrks emPlcll'pent traritring partnershiprn'ith the Cerrpenters Union ;rncl the Painters Unionto preparg 1,000 Ernpo\\/e nne nt Zone resicle nts foreOnstruction jclbs

"

These constrllction jolrs elre m?lterializing ftrr ;r r,r'iderange of new c{evelclpme nts, incluclirg a new basebirllst;rclir.rm dor,vnto\ /n for the Detroit Tigers) arnd a newfbott:all sterdium neirrby for the Detrclit Lions, ?1 te;lffrthert is moving Lrarck to the city irfter plarying for o\/erar clecade in the sullurbarn Silverdome . Ner,v cultural;rnd enterterinment f.rcilities are Lreing Lruilt dorvntowr-r,including a new opera house; new retaril eerlters alre

proposed for city neighbclrhoocls, sueh ;rs the South-\ /est Crossing arnd the Clratiot Centrarl A'Ierrket; arncl

n-lost drrrrnaticarlly, Detroit is becomirg a magnet frlrmicldle:incorne hclmeo\ /nership" Foilouring thesuccess of St;rnd;rrcl Fecle r;rl Barnk's Victclria Prrrk.,

lrundree{s of othe r homes are no\\/ uncle r constrllc-tion or proposed, inclucling Brush Perrk, \rirginiarP;rr[< Est;rtes, Clairepointe of Victoriar P:rrk,Arnbarssaelclr Torvn F{ouseS, :lr1cl T[re Links ;rtOld Fort Wayne . F{ome rrerlues in Detroit harl'e risenby rnore tl-larn I0 percent in the p;rst 18 months.Even public housing is undergoing a transformationto homeo\n/nership erncl rnixecl-income communities,r,vith el $120 rnillion reconstruction of Parrkside Home,s

Jefliies F{omes1 anel HermLln Garrclens"

ClevelandTlre eity of Cleve larncl hit Lrottorn in tl're lerte I97Aslvith ;r fisearl def.rult, arn industrierl fire in the Culr;1ftogaRilter, arnel the loss of thous;rnels of ffl;lnllfircturingjolrs" Since then, L'rusiness, go\rernment) alncl cirricle;rclership molliltze,J, to foster a clrarrnatic eclme L'xrck,

first in rebuilcling the clou'ntown elrcl more recentlyin rerriterlizing the ciq;r neighborhooc{s"

Clcvela.ttcl's ecorlom-v htrs ret'ronncleci arlclng r,lrith recentregiclnerl grouzth, rvith ckrse tcl 1 1,0CI0 rlew jolrs inthe ciry eluring dle ltrst four \rears ernd ;r four percentclrclp in the city's Llnemployn-renr rate . Clerrel'.urcl hars

ret'iltec{ ;rs a finarnc-ii"ul arncl Llusiness services centcrutith major Lrtrnks ;rncl c-orporirticlns, ;ls 11 ccnter clfhigher eclucartiotr ;rtrci meclicerl carre r,r'ith insdnrticlnssuch as the Clevelertrel Clinic, erncl as 11 m;ulllfircnrrinc'r-enter of c{iversifiecl inclustrial m;rc-hinerY aurcl p?lrts.

The ciq"s comebatck, spllrred t y lrusiness org;rnizertionslike Clerrel;rncl Tomorro\L/ irnd the Greater Clevel;rneiRoundtarble, ancl Lry eomrnuniry founelertions such ars

the Cleveland ;rnd the Clund Foundations, is lrests,vmbolized t y ,h9 $4 Lrillion in ner,r' clou'nto\ru'tlinvestfflent over the past dec;rde . This inclucles fir'emarjor ne\\; office towers, firre new lrotels) t\\/o newshoppirg eenters) two ne\ r sports f.rciliti ];rcolrsFielcl ;rnd Gund A.renar -- anc{ the Rock arnd RollHerll of F;rme and Museurn thart ;rnchors the newNorth Coerst F{errlror cleveloprnent" Existing hotels,office l-ruildings, ancl theaters \Arere renovarted, othernew mlrselrms were cont nctecl, a rnerjor entert;rinrnentcenter cerllecl the Flats was cievelclped along tl-le riverbernks, and sever;ll thousarnd units of clorvrltownhousing \\/ere built in the Warreholrse District ;rne{

other loeertions "

As Clerrel'.rnc1's downtown w;rs Lreing rel-luilt, eivicernd lrttsiness groups arncl the citlr'5 governrnentnrrnec{ to dre ursk of revitarlizing neighl"rorhooeis"Thel' ,y"tl::cl closely with Cleveland's strongnerwork of comrnuniry cleve lclpme nt" corpor;rtierns,irnd estal'rlishecl a ne\\/ sllpport orgirnizaticln,Neighlrorhood Progress, fnc" These eomrnuniry-bersecl efTorts have lecl to rle\\r Ceveloprnents sueh ars

ar rew shopping centcr on the e;rst side's Euclic{Arenue callecl tlre Shops art Church Squ;rre, ilrlclhunelrer{s clf nerv homes for arfforelarlrle lrclmeowner-s h ip i n u'el I -pr I ernnecl ne igh Lrorh ooc{ sulrclivis i o nsinclucling Centr;rl Cornrnons, Beaecln Pl;lee, ;lrclBicentennial Villarge "

One sigT of its effective. public-.prir':rt._ plr.tne rshipstr?lteg)' is Clerre lattd's elesigparti'n in L991 ;ls ;1.

Strpple rne ntal Ernpo\\'erment Zr>ne n ith 997 millionin HLII) ftincls. Clevelarnci is nearly c{oulrling these

It0lr j.llD R0tt t{ALi 0l itrl,{F A}i|] f,qUSIUFi

Clevelnnrl's trety Rocle nnd Floll Hnll of Inncc nrud fufuseuro"

t2

resotlrccs fhrr[tgh pr"irr;"tte scc-tor eulcl st;ttc rrpc{ ftlc;rl

8io-\'erlltllcllt lcveraging. The Ernpo\\,cnttetlt Zgpc ishclpiyg indttstrics Ixlind their f;icilirics ;rnc{ jebs,u''irh lOartrs tct ccltnpanies suc-h as E,nc-ore Mrrpgfire-turing, I{rerlrer Inc{ustrics, ;rncl Bc;rrirlgs, rnc-"IJcirrings is Lruilclirlg ;r ne\\, $2S rnilliJn ire,r.{qlrelrrcrs;rnc{ furetor\. th;rr \\,'ill cmplol' 300 peoprle, srlpic gfn'lrclr-n r,r'ili t",e Empo\\,,ennent zone risi.lcpts. I1ac{clidolll tl'lrcc Empo\\,'e ntte ltt Zone con-lmupiryor9;llliz;rtitltrs in Houuh, Glenr,'ille, irncl fairfirr ir.)o':rt\illg to c-rc;lte a job rnirtc-h prosraut rhat u,,ill frpc{jtrlrs for 350 Zrtne rcsic{etrts" TiresJ Lr,-miness, cprplol'-ttlellt' irtrcl hcltneo\\,'ncrship initi;rtirrcs ;11'€ sllpportecl-t-r1' earPit;rl from the Shorc

^I]rrnk ;lrc{ Tfusr Cbmpilr\rj

;1 t: olll ur u n i ty tlerre lop m e u t Lr ir n k a ffi I i ar tccl r,rri tft ^

Chicar-9o's South shcie Bernk. Clerrelancl's Shore B;rnkre ccntlv rcccirre cl $ I .5 rnillion fiorn the fbcle r;rlCtlurmunit1' l)ertelopment Financiar1 I'stiruti'psF*'c{, a'rcl rhe Fu'cl:irlso proviciect $350,000 r'Clfl'elancl's Faith Cotnrndnity Unirecl Creclit Upion.Itl.tlf Cleve l;rnci is utili zing"$ 100 million in HllD'sHOPE \{ ftlncls to revitaliie four public housingd c Ve I op ln e n ts,- I{ i n g I{e n n e c{y, O u tir r,v ar i te I{ o 11 e-'s,Riveruicrv, aucl Cerrver Park Ex_tension, ir-lc-ludipg

'

such itrnov;rtive concepts ;ls ar Comrnr,rnity Serrri?eM all, increars ing ho rn eb\,vne rsh ip, ar nci resi.lcpti aI

{rug trearment cenrers ctllled vtiracle \,-illarge anclRenerissance \rillage" The Cuyahoget Metr'['liranHclus irlg

"Authoritt, arlso is urorkirfr lrrirh Cterrel;rncls tirte un iveyy- urlct cuyah gga cc-rm m uni q, co llegeto cre ilte ;1 FttJD-clesignerrecl Carrnplls of Le ,rr,-,.ru

'provicllns ecluc;rtiern .rnc{ urrining in cornpllrertcchnologl' skills to public houriirg residerlrs ;rrOuthr,varite ancl C;rrrrer Parr[<"

The ne errlr)' cir,v of Akron) part of the gre arcrcleve I ar rel rnerropo I i ta n

_

r.gi,rn, h as uriciergorc el

sirnilar eeonornic rcvival. 6nce rhe rvorlcl'i'rnrr'u-facturit:g capitarl fbr mbbcr tires, home of Gooely.'crlr,Ciooclrich, Firestcltle, irnd Briclgestone, Akr'' loirthousands of job, ori-,.n rubbei tire pr'duetio'clispersecl to other loc;t.tions alocl od1ir countries. IJurtl-le ci[L arncl its suburbs hirve reemergecl as rhe glcll-xrlcente r for arclvarnceei rcscarch and deireloprnenr,clesign arucl engineering of "p'h,rner" piociucts -plastics, sytlthEdc ru!6eq ,,u.1 ,ril-r*r" reiartecl complexs1'nthedc marteriirls" The Universitl' of A[<ron,s f6rrnerRublrer Researrch Insdnrte is now rhe college ofPolyurer Science arncl E'gi'eering, Iocarted i;clow'nto\\,'n Akron" Tbda! rnerrof'lira' Akr.' ishorne ro more rh;rn 400"polyp.i tir-rnsl incluclingAc{vance cl Eltrstolne r Sysiems) cre ator of srrntheticrulrlrcr arnci odre r proclircts, urhich moyecl iru ,r,rrldhe aclqllartcrs itrto Canerl Plarce ., ;1 r e Se irrch alncl of1ice/inclttstri;rl ;r;rrk near clournto\\/n Akrop thzrt \t,els tfte

fornrer site of a Il.E (ioorlric-h ruLrlre r firc-tr)r\,. CanrrlPl;rc-c is llo\\'' ?1 lllelgttct :rtrcl an incultrrtor fbr irurinessfinns atrd llc\\,' joligrourtfu ip Al<rotl's fhst-grou,ipgpolvmer inclustrv clr-rstcr"

BostonThe cirl' tlf Ilostotl tttrclcrtook a substerntial cconourictr;ltlsfornr;rtiou th:tt Lregan in tlre 1960s) u-ro\/ipgficlrn artr olc{er ttt;rnufirciurin-g ecorlollr}, that 6acl''L-reetl losing fobs .for sc\reterl clec-aclcs, tir eul crlrp6asison fillelllc-i;lI arncl Lrttsitress senrices, ecluc-articln an.lresearch, irtrci <lthcr actirrities rclatccl tcl the grrlr,lrthof e l cctro tri c-s," compu te rs ) Lri o mecl icer l prroclii.tu,ilncl ;rcicl itio nar I neu,i tech nolo qi es . Th i s^c-h ange roael t'it tt ce c'l m ir trtt firc tu r i ng rr n.f s e rvi c-c s p ro.ltrte d abusiness irnci e rnprloyment' real estate an.l constrLlction,artrcl housing priic Lroom that sterllecl ipto er rccessignclurirlg the laie 1980s. With help from the narriol'sstrollg ecotloqic growth in thc past fbr,rr ye?lrs., Bostgn'secotlolll).. has frnarlll' reclnergecl-" Marnufiicturers i1 thelnetropolitan region have been erclc{ing tftgusapcls 9ftrew j9l-rs since 1994" The citv's .u1.n1*ployrnenr ralrelrars firllen to 3 7 pg\cenr' nt, .ig6r-yeirr^ lo\ r., \^/a\,.clorvu frorn

"the lobless ralte of7 "9 percenr fclur Ve?lrse trrlier" During

.t11. last fbur ye ars, th. city' of llosrop

lrers experiencecl rhe crearrion"of rlearrly I l:000 newjobs" The cetltr;ll business district's offlce \/alc;lpefrate is nour clol,rrn to

_tl perccnt, colllparrecl to r

18 pe rce nt in L992. Diru/tltown Boirep h;rs bec'mcar natiotrerl cettter for compartries managin-g rnutu;rlfti'ds frrr i'r'estme 't, o'i of dre ftrcr#r ir-i theemployrnent grclr,r'th ancl inc-re;rsing clemirncl fbrcolnlncreiarl slr?ree " Fidelin' fnvestrnents, one ofBoston's l:rtgest mllftlrtl fiincl companies, is exptrnciipgto occlrpy 400,000 aclclidonarl scluirrc fbet of officespalce, creating Llp to 1,000 ncr,rijobs. Neu, invest-lxellt inclucles the Fleet Ccnter sports arena for theBoston ccltics ;rnd Br-r-rins, the recenr ope'i'g of ir

I)on,ntotvrt, IJostoru's oJlitt occufinruclt rlse l0 pcr"cent sitrce lgq2.

r3

Bostot't's Hanl' Miller Concpnny is bu,ildir,ry n, ruetp fnctotlt itr,tl,t e Er,tl,t nrt ce d Ert terprise Corunour'tit1,"

thircl Harrlror Tlrmel to Logern fntern;rtional Airport,cievelopment of the old Custorns House towe r intclprivate office space and residential cclndominiuffis,anei a new fcclertrl courthouse art Farn Pier. Discussionis now underway for building a ne\\r arnd l;rrgereonventicln center in South Boston"

BostcrR w?ls nJesign'.ltecl by HUD in 1994 a.s anEnharncecl Enterprise Community', rnrith a1 corrrmit-rnent of $25 rnillion in fecleral ftrnels" Recently, theeiry broke ground for a m'.rjor ne\v ten?lnt in theCrossTorvn Industrial Park across the stree t fi ornBoston's Ernpowerrnent Center thart houses theEnhancecl Enterprise Communiry sllpport servicesarnd the Srnarll Business Adrninistrartion's One-StopCarpiterl Shop. The F{arry Miller Cornpang ar Boston-basecl fflelnllf.rcturer clf industriirl farbrics ;lflcl textiles,rn'ill builc{ a new $3 million, 37,000 squarre foclt f.rctoryin the Roxtrury neighborhood and arcld 59 new jol'rsto its existing \ /orkforce. This new investlnentreinfbrces other recent inclustriarl interest in Roxbury'sCrossTown area, inclucling the attraction in L994 ofNitroMeel, er private firm speci;rlizing in aldvanceellriclrnedicirl teehnologyl The proximity of the BostonMecli*rl Center ancl other mediczrl instinrtions to lor,lr-income Roxlrury hers led to ;1 str?rteg;.y of promotinghealth services jobs arncl biomeclicerl businesses in theEnterprise Comrnunity Tlrg_ Harry Miller Compa.ny'sntvestment builc{s on one of the other key stretlgthsof the Enterprise Communiry in Rortrurl', itsexeellent links to rnarjor transportertion etrteries"

The revittrlizartion clf Rorbury is arlso erlgendered bythe grassroots Duclle)t Street Neightrclrhoocl Initiartive(DSNI), the only community group in the tl.S. tog;rirl rrlunicip;rl powers to ol-rt;rin prirr;rte l;rncl forreclevelopment" DShlI, urorking urith tlumerollsother eorllllunitl, orgatliz;rtions ancl eitlr,rticle public-

prirrarte pLlrtne rships, hars clerrelclpeel se\/erell hundrec{new homes for hclmeo\ /nership, srn;rll parrks, ret;rilstores, and other neighborhclod f.rcilities. TheDuclley Street are ?1 .rF Roxl-rur1, is the focns of ar

$300,000 pilot progralrr ftindeei Lry EPA to iclentifybrornrnfi e ld s i te s neecling enrriro nn-lentar I el e;rn-np er nclredeve lopme r-lt" Across the stree t fi orn the DSI{Ioffice is ;r new YouthBuild tr;rining eenter, ;1 HUD-ftinc{ed progr;lrr} thart euarl'rles inner-eity teenagers ;rnelyollng adults to renovate erffordable homes rycl garincolrst nction skills arnd jobs. NearrLry ;rre the Orch;rrdParrk arnel Mission tr,Iarin pulrlic hclusing cieveloprnents,both sl;rtecl for trarnsforrn:rtion, horneownership, ;rnelmixeel-ineome eornmunities with $80 rnillion inFfUD's F{OPE VI ftinding" The inspiration for theseefTorts is tl-re sllecessftil recleve lopment of Boston'sF{arrbclr Point near tl-le }ohn E I(ennecly Library ernci

the Universiry of tr'Iassachusetts-Boston calnpus. Apl ivarte developer, the Corcor?ln |e nnison Companysnrrned B oston's mos t c{e te ri orarteci ancl uncles i rar Lr I e

pulrlie housing proiect, Columlri;r Point, into ar

beeruti fti I and eccl ncl m i cer lly s ueces sfrrl p rivarte n'l ixeet-income community over the past cleearde. Throughthe Boston P'.rrtnership, th9 city's business, govern-fflent) ;rnd colnmunity leerclers ;lre sllpportingexpansion of homeownersl'rip in Bostorl's neightror-hoods. Finarlly, Boston's "Marin Street" initiartive h;rshelpec{ generate 75 ne\ / businesses arnd over 350 newjobs in I0 neighborhooei business e{istriets"

BaltimoreB;rltimore is ernother ciry that is widely herirlcled foraggressive urbarn redeveloprnent efforts) rebuildingmuch of its downtown o\rer several decarcles, rnrrlrkingwith innovertive cieveloper |ames Rouse to corlstructthe popularr F{arborPl;rce festivarl ma'lrket in the fnnerF{arrtror, arnd fin;rncing ;rffordertrle housing arnc{

homeownership to revitalize neighlrorhclods"

B;rltirnore lrers reeently Lleen moviog fbrwarrd tcr

strengthen the city's ernprloyment b;rse " During theprrst four years the city of Barltirnore g;rinedI8,000 ne\4/ jolrs an{ clrt its unernployment ralte..Lry

3.5 perce nt" Strong inrrestme nt in its se ;rport] reril

lines, the internartionarl ;rirport, l'righwavs ;rncl truclcterrninirls harrre together f.rcilitartecl strollg growth intranspclrt;rticln erncl tratde, ernd ;r mclclest revirr;rl inlur ?ulllfircnrri ng. Wi th fbc{e ra I ar-lcl s talte ers s is ternee lB;rltirnore hers derreloped a rlerv light raril line forprul"rlic transit. Also, a new clor,vntown b;rseballsurclium, Oriclle P;rrk ""rt Cartneien Yarrdso is dr;lrnringc;rpire ity e rou'cls " A footlr;rll st;rdium for theB;rltimore R;rvens r,vill L;e built on ;rn ;rc{jaeerlrelorvutown p;rrking lclt"

14"

With thc vit;tl prescncc of the ]ohns Hopl<ins Uni-\/ersiry 11,rs1-rital ancl Meciic-al School, the Universitvof i\,Iaryl,rnci t\,Ieclic-arl CerlteL Sinai Hospital, UniclriMcuroriirl Hospital, :rrlcl other kerr meclicrrl instinrtions,c-itric atrcl comrrluuirlt leirclers tlre r,rtorkirlg to exp;rncljolrs in hcalth cirre, Lriomeclic:rl proclucts) alrlcl

atclttaucec{ meclical techncllogrr Incleecl, this is one ofthe [<c1' stratesies of Barltirnore's fbder;rlly-.1.rignartedEnrpro\\,'emrent Zr>ne., r,rrhich brought the .cit\r's public,private, atncl corrlnunit-v leadershi;r togethcr to u'inthe $100 million fbcler;rl gr;rnt ancl $250 rnillion intalx crerlits, levererging prriv:rte sector inrrestnlcnts Lr\.

$8 for everlr fbclcral clollar receivecl. For exatllPlc)Dr. Robcrt Clallo hirs esrirblishecl an fnsdnrte ofF{utn;ur \;"irology in the Ernpo\\rermerlt Zone, erncl

Osiris Tlrerapelltics, al Lriotechnologv firm, hars arlso

mcrveci into the Zone.

In aelelition to heerlth cerre anc{ Lriotechnolog}! anotherke1' fbcr.rs is on the business ancl finarncizrl sen'icescluster" Tk clatte , ar significernt number of new businessesirncl jol,rs have locatec{ in the Empo\,\rerment Zone,i nc lucli ng l) yn ertech f nte-c;rar ted S ys terns, Ame ric irnD is tri Lrutio n Res ourL-e s., Tech m :rr[<' Sp trce Tech -

nologies., Abbey Drum, Pasirdena Forklift, SylvanLearrning Systems (r,r.ith 300 employees), Elder Care ,;rncl lfurnerous others" Also, business and cornmunityle;rclers ?lre working togetlrer to create eln "EcologiearlInclustrial Parr[<" thart r,vill help start Lrp elnd attrarctbusinesses r,rrith goods arnci services thart encollragearncl enhance a clean environrnent. Finalhr, the Rite-Aicl drugstore ch;rin lrars invested $4 million to builclal state-of-the-arrt store in tlre Empowerment Zone,arnd plans to build 39 more stores in the Zone irndother B;rltirnore neighborhoods within the next fbrvye;lrs. All together, Barltirnclre's Empowerment Zonehas erlrearel\r cfeattecl over 1,600 ne\,v jobs through

IJnltintot'e's populnr vLotv dontntott rt. bnsebnll stadiu.tto,

Ot,'iole Pnrle nt Cawden Tnrds.

nearlr' 40 Lrusincss start-Llps") exp?ursiclns., rlrlelreloc,rtions. Rec-entlv the iin' est;rlrlishccl thcB;rltinrore Coururtttritrt Elnpo\vennent lJank to rn;rkeloatrs arlcl inrtestmcrlts for job crc;rtion bv srnirllL-rusirresses in the Em1'ro\\/enlrerlt Zr>ne. HUD lrasprorricled.$3 nrillion to help capit;rlize the ne\\/c-ommuniw clerrelopment bar-rk.

Berltirnore's citv gove nlrnent hurs helpecl estirl'rlish

i,rb trrriniug, busincss sllppol't' arncl ernplo\rffrentplaccment centers r,rrithin thc Empo\\,'ennent Zonc,More tharn 300 Zone resiclents have founcl jolrs throughtlre varriotts treritring rrncl plarcement initiertives. Prrrtof dre e flort, ftinclccl r,lrith neirrl-v $2 million fiomFfUD's Bridges to Work initirrtive, focuses or1

fir-rcling jobs for Empo\\,'ennent Zone residentsthroughout B;rltirr-lore's tnetropolitarn regiorflparticularrlf in the area neelr B trltitnore-Warslringt''fnte rnartionirl Ai r;ro rt.

Another ffIeljor thrust is Berltirnore's plan to experncihomeownership, both throughout the city urlrere ith;rs L'reen expelrlcling in the past feur yeelrs, arncl

pirrticularrh' in the lgr,rr-incolne neighllorhoods of thc

frnpo\,verment Zone. These efforts arre eflbcti,r:llincrerrsing the number of ne\,v lromeowrlers ;rnd thequality of lifb in neighborhoods" One of the rnostconcentrated initiirtives is in S;rndtor,rrn-Winchester, a

lor,v-income lvest Baltirnore neighborhoocl r,vhereresicie nts tlre r,vorking rvith the Enterprise Founclartion,Sarndtown Habittrt for l{urnanitl; locarl orp;lrlizationssuch ers BUILD, atnci others to cornpletel)r ttr'tnsfbrmtheir coffrmunittyl With substarntiarl HUD slrpport,300 aflbrciable Neherniah tou'uholnes rvere built andsolcl several lrearrs ilgo, ancl the ne ighfrorhoocl's activists?lre no\\, working closelrr r,rrith the ciry governrnent tobuilcl or rehabiliterte another 600 homes. Farnnie lMaeerncl the Ne igh borhclocl Re inves nn ent Cclrpo rar tionare twcl neltional organizartions that are also markingvisil-rle progress in increasing the number ofBirltimore's l-romeo\,vner firmilies. HUD's $39 millionin support has rrlrearcly enarblecl 450 ne\,v privertelromes to be built rrnd solcl, revitarlrzlng five Barltirnorene ighborhoods"

Baltimore is in the midclle of carrry,'ing ollt a plan toeliminarte all high-rise public housing for farmiliesrvithin the city With ove r $ I00 million of I{LJD'sHOPE \II ftinds, the Ffousin-g Authoriry* hars alreacl,vciemolishecl arll the hi-qh-rise buildings in LarfrrvetteCourts and Lexington Terrzrcc, r,rritlr plarns to upgracleLroth clevelopmellts bv promoting a greater mix ofincomes, homeownerslrip, and access to nerlrb]'jobs ancl business oppornrnities. Demolition erncl

recotlstruction of two remerining hi-a;h-rise derre lop-

r5

rnerlrs, Flag Hcluse Courts arncl Mr-rrphy Hernles]u'ili harprpcn u'ithin the next Se\rer;11 )'*r'rru.

Finalhi B;rltirnore's "Lessons lVithout Borclers"iniriartirre etnd F{ealthl' Start progr;lrl han'e r;rised thechile{ren's imn-lur-liz;rtioll ti;lte fiorn 62 percent to9f p*reent) arnd created 315 he;rltl-l e;lre jobs, rrl;1r1\'

eif, tlrem for lou'-ineclme communit]r resiclents.

AtlantaThe reeent sllrntner Olt/tnpic (iirmes in Atlzuttrlf?reuseci rntorlcl irttenticln or-r this southearstern eiry anel

its fast-grornring region" Atl;'urter is the headquarte rs ofrntcll-knor,vrl corporartions such as Coe;1.-Colar, Delt;rAirlines) anci Cable Nervs Netu'orl< (CNII{), arncl itseliversifieei eeonomy is clrir/en by tr;lnsportartion andclistrilrutlon, retaril ;rnci urholes;rle trarde, business arnel

finaneial serl'ices, communicartionsu tourisrn ;rncle nte rt;rinme nt) and high-technology r ese alreh ernc{

rrlernlrfirenrritg in electronics arncl alerospzrce. l.Tervjobs in the eity incre;rsed L'ry orrer 30,000 ciuring thep?lst fbr.rr yearsr ;rnd the city Llnemplclyment r;ltedroppeel by 2. Spercent.

The nnolvmpic Leg;rc,V'o prrgram hars g;enerirtecl al

greart de ;rl of nerv plannecl inrrestment in the cityarnd region, inclucling a rrew Centenni;rl OlympicSterciium th;rt will now be dre venue for professionalb;rse[:;rll arnd footb;rll; Ol1'mpic arthletic fircilities thartrvill no\\' become new alssets for loc;rl url-ran universitiessueh ars (ieorgia Instirurte of Technologri Cie clrgiar

St;rte universitli ;rnd the historic Africirn-Anerieernhigher ae{ucertion institutions thart eonstirLlte theAtlantar Llniversitlr Centeri Olvrnpie housing that r,r'illhelp revirarlize Lroth the downto\l/n anel inner-citt'neigl-lborl-lclclds; arnc{ the Centenni;rl Oll,ppic P;rrktl"rari rvill serve as a.ee rtr;lI reere ertion space^for theclolvntown ;1re?1"

Affir"dnble ncn, ltontcon rtersltip it t'ct,itnlizirug Atlnrttn'sSutnrn cr''lt il/ n cig lt bor* oo d f.Ln{!r. tlt e douttttowruC crttm n finl {)11'r'n7t ic Stndh rnt.

Fclr ex;lr11ple, the eity goverrlffle nt) \\/orking u'ithprirrate lenders) clerrelc).pers, ;lnd eornlnunitlrorgarlizerrions, has nnclert;rken the eolnprehensivererritirliz;rtion of the Surnme rhill neishlrorhood, ?1

lou'-ineome cornmunit\r nerlr rlre ne\,v CentenniarlOl1'ppie Sr;lcliurn" Hurictrrecis of neut homes arebeing Lruilt in Sr-unrnerhillu such as tlre rlew (ireenlear

Commons elerrelopmenr Lr-1' the ]clhn Wiel;rnclCornpallllr - 72 arfford;rble single -fermily hclmesr,l'ithin u'arllcing clistfloee of the new stardium. Thesehomes \t,'ere rentecl ?1s eorpor;rte locigings cluri*g theOl1'61;-ries to helpr sul'rsiclize their post-Oh'mpiehon-leowncrshipr Lrv modest-irleome w'orking families "

Atl;rnta's Empo\^rerment Zone is using its $100 rnillionin fbderal grant ftinds arnd $250 million in teu ereciitsto help ;rttralct arnc{ ret;rin l:r-rsinesses such ars Rene\ /e11,

fnc., Peter R"hodes, fnc., Cumrning South, SouthernFre ightu Atlarrtar Film, Tl iple S Phaufflaleeutie arl, arnel

Renerv;rl Attr;rnta" In adelitioft, the Fultcln Cottern arnd

Balg Mill is Lreing renovertecl fbr eolnfftercial spaeeernel residentiarl lclfts to Lre rented for ;r mixec{-ineomepoprulartion" Five millicln clollarrs of Zone frrncis herrre

been eommitted to est;rl;lishing a eommunity:erurneddevelopment L-rarnk thert rnrill fln;rnce Lroth businesses;rnd homeowrncrship, ;lnd ernothcr $4 rnillicln is

clireetly invested in llorneowrlership counseling arne{

fin;rnei;rl alssistarnee to subst;rntially expand l-rome-{}wr-}crship in the Zone, includir"tg alnong pulrliehousing f"rmilies" Arother key initiatir.e is therevit;rliz;rticln of the M;rrtin Luthe r King ]r" HisteirieDistriet ;rnd the Srveet Ar.rburn eornmunitlE ineluclingthe IGng Libr;rr\t aud Musetltn) art-ld rhe Srn'eet AuburnCurb fuI;rrleet, el newly renovertecl 50,000 squ;rre:footslropping mall on Auburn Arrenue rlear the E,Lrene z"eL

B;rptist Chureh, in tlre l-listorie ee nte r of Atlerntar'sAfrie;rn-Ameriearn eultnre " Also, F{UD reeentlvproviCecl the city urith neerrly $5 rnillion in loirns anc{gr?lnts to lrelp build the Ralph Dau'id Alrernarthl'Mixed-Llse Village Ccnter"

The citl' elf Atlanta hirs e mbrrrkec{ CIn an aggressivestr?ltegy ro m;rnsfbrln cllcl arnci dererior;ttecl pulrliehousing intcl new mixed-ineome con'Imunities, ;rne{ isin the proeess of rec{errcl"ptlg se\/e n public hclu.singsiresl rulosrl)t r'tt P;lrt of the Olt'rnpie Legaey ipitiartive "

I{uD h;rs rolrunittee{ o\re r $ 120 rnilliorl to theseencleavors" One ex;lrxplc is the ne\\/ Villirge irt Tech-r.rrood, rnrhiel-r is repl;rcing the 60-ve;rr-old Teehrn'oercL

I{onles u'ith Lrcltlr new ;rfic{ neurh'renovertec{ mixec{-itreerme apartrne nts " Te churooci is ve rv c-lclse tcl clollrn-to\\,'rl Atl;rnta, locerteci Lretr,r'een the Cieorgi;r fnstinrteelf Teeht-lolclg)' eu-lc{ the Celeal-CetI;r rE clrlel heae{qttetrfers)arnd it is immedi;ttelr' ;rdjacent ro a major site th;'ut

\\,'rls ttsed fcrr hottsin.q Lrlr 61rn Ol}'n"lpic= ;rtl-lleres.

l6

Kansas CiryItilnsrts Citli Missottri, lras ar eiiversifiecl econ()m.,v -il crossrcxrcls of trirusport?ltion ancl trarcle , cot-I\.e ntionsirtrrl tonristn (inclucling riverbo;rt grlmbling anc{ l^zztn tts i c ), e lcctric ;r I tn ;r nufircnrri ng ilncl tc leco mrnuni -cartions se rrrices" Yet it has unclergonc subst;rnti;rltrertrsition in recent years, Lrest symbolized by the closingof thc Iiarnsirs City Stocl<\rarrcls and thcir rePlircclncntrvith the high-teclr Wcst Bottorns inclustrinrl parr[<,

now hornc to 1.,000 employees of Ci;rte\\/?1.-_v 2000,a leerciing n;rtiot-tirl rnirrl<ete r of compllte r equiprnent.Tl-re ciry that once nrrned cirttle into beef is norv aleircler in hc;rltlr care anci pharrnrlceutical services, erncl

home tcl l{arllmarrk Cilrcis. During the last four yearslKans'.rs City hars trclcled over 28,000 ner,v jobs arncl

ellt the city's Lule mployme nt ratte Lry ne ;r rly 2 pe rce nr.Ofliee Lruilcling occlrpancy is higher in l(;rns;rs Citvthan in m;rny other Americ;rn cities. Recenthr votersir-l four surrounding counties passecl a $t lB rnillionserles tirx increirse to renovarte l(ar-rsas City's dor,vn-to\,vn IJnion St;rtion Llnd tltrn it into ar seieneernlrseum ;rnd tourist alttrflction.

I{;rusas City, Missouri, worl<ing in partnership withits neiglrbor, Kansers Cit\r, IQrnsels slrcceecled in r,vinrirga fecler;rl designartion as an E,nhanced EnterpriseCommunity, shirring $25 million in grants. Thetwo cities elre also sherring ?1 $200,000 EPA granr roicientify polluted "trrolvnfielcl" industriell sites ;rndmrrl<c plarns for tlrcir clean-Llp and redevelopment.Itarnsals Cityq Missouri is investing its EnterpriseCclmmunity funds to sllpport development of ;r

20-?1cre industrierl park by the Hispanic EconomicDcvelopment Corporertion, arnd to funcl job trariningLry the Full Emplolrment Council arncl by HeartlarndWor[<s. Both Itb training org?lnizertioRs are rvorlcingrvitl"r unernployed Zc>ne resiclents, including welfarerecipients) and morring thern into the worle r,vorld bypl;reing them in real p;rying jobs"

I(;rnsars Ciry arlso hats initiirtecl arn ambitiollscommunity policing program arnd, rvith the helpof fcclerarl grelnts to pnt more police on the streets,lras clrt viient crimb iu the .ity L-r1, 1r.rr rly 23 percenrin the past fcw ye ?lrs.

Finally, I(arnsars City is worlcing to irnprove itsneighborhoocls throush an expancling rytwork ofcolnmuniq' development corporartions. T[re CDC ofI(arnsars City has cre 'ated more tharn 1'000 jobs arndo\,'er 136,000 squalre fbet of reteril sparce. The Corn-mr-rnity Builders of Kansers Ciry hars develclped rhestate-of:dre-art Sr,vope P;rrkw?ly Healtlr Center in thelorv-income fuIicltown cornrnur-rity The F{ousirgDevelopment Corpor;rtion is builciing Reniriss;rnce

Place, a ne\,v arflorclarble homeownership subclivisionof 100 hoffles r,r'ith 38 rnore plirnned in the DowntowrlEarst neighborhooel, supporte cl t y $ I .5 million inHUD's CDBCI ftincls. The Citizen F{ousing andInforrnation Council has completecl or is buildinganoth er 25 new ;rflbrclable homes in the BentonBoulevarrd urlraru renewatl irrear. Other activities incluclerenovation of the 30,000 squarre foot historic LincolnBuilclins, now occlrpiecl by minority-o\,vnec1 smer[businesses, arncl the IQrnsas City NeighborhoodAllitrnce's Bh.re Hills Neighbor hoodlreservationInitiative " Finally more tharn $70 million of I{UD'sHOPE \II arncl other pulrlic housing grants ?lre

he lping to finarnce the redeve lclprnent of GuinotteManor, Pennway Plazer, anci TB. W;rtkins., nrrningdistressecl public housin.-g into rnixecl-incomecornrnunities, including lromeownership for publichousing firmilies"

CincinnatiThis city on the Ohio River, more tharn rwo cenruriesold, is the rnanllf.rcnrrirg heardquarters of consllmergiarnt Procter & Gamble , witlr 15,000 e rnployees, als

r,vell ?ls other Fortllne 500 retarilers, including I(roger,Federated Deparrtment Stores, alrcl Chiquita Brarncls.Tra.nsportation, trade, and distribution have beentrirditionarl strengths, erlong witlr rnaclrine tools ar.nd

parts manufgc5uritg fbr motor vehicles and electrictrlequipment. Iob growth in rece nt yeelrs lrars broughtthe Llnelnployment relte in tlre city dor,vn Lry nearrly3 percent, with over 9,000 new jobs. Violent crimelr:rs dropped by ;rlmos t 20 pe rcent"

Cincinnarti hers mor.ecl elggressively in recent years torebuild its dor,vnto\A/r1., r,l'ith developrnent aroundFountarin Square West including construction of a

new Lazarus Dep?lrtment Store arlon-g rvith variousspe ciirltl' slrops, rrncl the planned clevclopment of ar

Ir{ety devcloprnemt iru l(nnsns Ci$t, Missor,ti.

t7

I{epipitt[r czlra?iot,trtitics tyith t't0n1 ltwneotvnership irt. Cincirnmti"

new offiee Lruilcling Lr1'Fifth Third B;rnk. In aelclitionudre reeently completeci $S0 million Arclnoff Centerfbr the Arts is bringing nirtional touring Broaduril)'plarl's tro edeiurntown Cincinnati, ;rncl er mirjor ;rclcliticlnto the doq'nto\\/rl liLrrarq' is arlso acidirg tcl the cit1"gculntral life . Vlters recentll' erpproved er hirlf-eent s;rles

talx inereerse to help p?U' for ?1 ne\ ,' Llaseb;rll ernd foot-[:all st;"reiiurn fbr the Recls trncl l3engals. Dournto\\/rlhousing, both rent;rl ;rnd homeo\\'r-rership, luxuq, andelflorelellrle, is a grorvirls trencl, l-rrir-rging szrfbry ;rnclz1-hour life tcl the eit1"5 center.

At the same tirner go\rernlnent, Llusiness, alrd eom-muniq' learcle rship is r,r.orking to su engthen Cineinnerti'sneighbeirhoods, rnrning the Over-the-Rhinemeightrorhoocl ne;rr dournto\\/r1 frclm a troubled ?lre?l

to an atttraetive ancl lirr;rble cornmunity Aflordarblehomeo\^/ne rship is tl-re foc-us of revit;rlizartion efTcrrts

in ernclther neighborhoocl neerr clorvnto\\'n1 rheBetts-Lclnglvorth community Cincinn;rti is r-rsing

$1"6 million in HLII) ftrncls to lever;rgc $8 millionin private investrnent to expanci homeo\\/rlership frlrfh"s t - t i m e h o m c L'ruve rs, i n c lu cl i ng C i t i r eun'<l o el p ?1 rtn e r:

ship u'itl-l rhe (ire;rter Cineinnalti l{ome lJr-rilciersAssctciation. In 1995 Cincinr;lti h;rci +25 ne\\/ hcime-o\\rners, e'[ 17 percent incre;rse o\rer the pr;rst fbur ]rears"The Cineinn;rti F{cllneo\\,'nership P&rtnership is

u'orking h;rrcl tcl Lruilcl er lerrge r b;rse of hclme o\\'ne rsin the e ir1"q neighlrrlrhoocis.

Newarkldenr;rrk, Nelar ]ersey, hers \\/orkecl halrci to rclrounc{flom al clet'itst;rting urbeu riot in 1957 arnci the lossof thousernds of marlllfirenrring jol"rs arnei populaticlnirr the I970s. Loc;rl anci regionarl investlnenl in theNervark Intern;rrionerl Airpclrt, in passetlge r ;lncifieight r;ril lines, in the water port in nearrlrl'Elizarlre th, ;rnci in highu'ays h;rs. he lpecl ftrrn Ner,r';rrkinter ar rnarjor rrelnsportaticln arnd distrilludon eenter.Neq'ark's elorvntowrl is the urorld he;rdquarters ofPrude nt i ;rl f nstt r ar nee Co rn p ;1r1)rr arncl Prucl e nti arl h as

l-lelpec{ le;rei efforts to reclerrebp the dorn'nto\\,'rr urithcorporate office LruilelitrSS, universities, hospitarlso;rnc{ a perferrming ;rrts eenter"

The redeveloprne nt clf, clor,t.nto\\'rf lNerv:rrk urars aieledLr1' the rnrork of the Nerv Cotnmunit-v Cclrpeirartiorl, al

non-profit CDC forrned in 1958 thart no\4/ emplol'so\rer 1,400 people in the Centrarl Ward ancl h;rs pl;leec{tl"lousanels of cltlre r lorv-inc-clme eoffrrnurniqr resiele rltsinto jolrs rvith privarte emplol's1;* throughclttt tlrernetropolit;rn regioll. Ner,r, Communittr', together rn'iththe ittnclrtative Sarn ]ose -b;rsed Center fbr En-lploymentTraining (CET), norv operates ;r st?1te-of-the-arrt jolrsleills ancl pl,;leement service fundecl b1' tl-lc I-f.S"D ep;r rtrn*ht of L arbclr. Nerv Cotn munir)' Co rpor;rtir.rn;rlso rllns a l;rrge ehild eare eenteq B;lb1'l;ruel lrdurserlierncl hirs Lruilt or retlovarted rnore th;rn 2,000 nnits ofirflordalrle housing. It is co-o\ rneq rvith Parthm;rrkStores, of a highh' suecessftil shopping eenter., rhefirst ne\\r retail ftrciliw Lruilt in lderverrk's CentrirlW;rrcl sinee the 1960s"

The ree{eve leiprne nt clf c{or,rrnto\vn Nernrarl< and thest;rbili zing clf the Central Wrrd thrumgh the le ercle r-ship of Nen' Commllni$' CclrPor;rtion helpe cl p?"t\/e

the wa\r for the elran^l;'rtie rertit;rliz;rticln of clclurttrro\\/rlhonsing, u'ith the first ne\\,' r-nicleile-inc-clme hclme-o\\/ne rship clevek)prne nt in cleeac{e s" t p.rtrlic-prirrerte partnership enarlllecl ar prirrate c{errclclper, rheK" I{ot'u;rni;rn Cornpalttr\,, to build Sclcictl, Hill art

Universirv Heights, nearrh' 800 ne\\/ tou'nhomes {)n45 ?lcres ih e{ownto\\/n Neu,';rrk. Societv Hill h;rshelpecl Lrring iir ur movie the;rter, restanrrrnts, ac{e{iticinael

clou'nto\\'n hclmeownership consrruetion, sirfbr ;rnclc I eane r s treers 1 irtrc{ grou'i n g m ic{ c{ le - el ers s popu l;1. tir.xa "

These efl?rrts ;rrc supprlernentecl Lr1' ;1r1 ;lrlrlritiousprogr;ln-l to transform Ne\t';trk's l;rrge pulrlie horisingstock" Netn';trk is ettrrentll, detnolishing thous;urds of

t8

units ()f cle rcrior;rtccl. \r;lcalnt pul-rlic housing in high-rise lruilc{ings, ;ruc{ replac-ing these units u'ith attrac-tivekxl''-risc tou'nlx)rnes. Fivc clclrclopnrerlts _- Walslr,Se-uclcler; Colunrlrtts, Kretchmcr, atttcl Ffervcs -- are bcingclctnolisheci rnci rcplireccl nritlt tou,'nhomcs for rcnt ,rn.lfor homco\\'rlcrship. F{UD is provicling $85 rnillionin supp-rclrt of this clr;rurirtic tr:rnsfclrmartion.

Los Angeles

Los Angeles, tlrc narrion's seconc{ lelrgcst citt; is trnitrtesr;rl prrrt of the lruge sollthe rrl Califirmirr regionirleL=otlo r-n)', c nco mpass i ng ir lmcls t e\/e ry rn ar j cl r i ncitts trlrclustcr in the u'orlcl. Thc cit,v and region r,rrcre hitt,erlr h;rrcl L'r1' the ntrtionrrl ecclnclrnic recession of1990, etlortg r,vith clrtbarcks ;rnd clournsizing in ;re ro-space irnc{ clefbnse . Bcginning r,r'ith reconstructionafter the tnassit'e earthquarke th;rt strucl< in ];rnu?lr'vL994, the region [r;rs rec-ove re ci its job losse s of thee;rrl1, X990s anci is norv on the upsr,r'ing in jobs,Lrusinesses, incon-res, serles., constlllction, hclme pricesoarnel other key indicarors. T[re economic recover], ernd

gro\\/th l'rirs L'reen lecl Lr1'rr boom in multi-mcdi;rprocil-rction and in global tracle arnd transportation,plus increases in other clusters, incluclirg Lrusiness;rnci fi narncirrl services, entertarinmerlt ;rncl tourism,artrcl clothing clesign arnd m?rnuf;returing"

In the past fbur ),e ars, the ciry of Lcls Angelcs haserclclcd o\rer 30,000 new' jolrs" The ciry's une mployrnentrare luls de clinecl by 2 "5 pe rcent. These rece nt econornicirncl employmelt^gains are Lrest s1'mtrg.lized lly tt"t*cornlnitment of Steven Spie lberg ;rncl his ccllle;rguesto builcl er $3 billion morrie snrclio, SKG l)re;rmlr,'orks,in the extensive new mixeel-use reclevelclprne nt clf tlreolct Hughes Aircraft site, rlo\\/ called Plrry2l \ristar; anclLry the fbclerarlo state, alnd loc;rl comfflitment tcl L-ruilcl

the rnr.rlti-L-rillion clollarr Alameclar Cclrridor, ern 1B-milchigh-speeel rarilroarci arnd tmck transpclrt corriclclr linl<ingthe fhst-grow'ing Pacific Ocean ports clf Los Angelesrrci Long Beerch to the fieight raril lines, arir cargo,altld trr-rcl<ing highrvar\rs thirt scrvice the rest of America.Both multi-mecliar arnd trarlsportation investlnentsc?lt^I serve els tl're certalyst for reviterlizing Los Angeles,Long lJeerch, ancl the sm:rller cities of iouthcrrsiLos Angeles Cotttlq, drart eltc in or tleelr the Alarrneclar

Corric{or" The neighborhoocl arouncl Union Stationncar dou'ntown Los furgeles is rrlso lreing relruilt into;r rnarjor p;rsscnger transportation cerlter; fbr inter-cityrrrilroaci service ;rs rvell ers locarl bus and light ririltr;r.nsit fareilitics, arlong urith retail anc{ clflice spelce

"

In 1991, HLID designartecl tr 19-scluare rnile arre a clfLcrs Angelcs as er Supplernental Ernporvcrlnerlt Zc>ne,urith ;rn economic cleveloplnent gr?lnt of $120 rnillion.A yc;rr l;rtcr, F{I-JD prcll'icleci $450 million in loarus

;rncl gr?rrlts to lcveragc eru aclclitionirl $550 rnillionfi'rlnr klcal b:rtr[<s ;ltlc{ prirrrttc itnrcstors to crc:rtc thebillion-ckrllar Los Angcles Corrmunitl' Dcr.elopmentIlank. The Coururtttritt, Dcvelopnrcnt llank urill m;rkekrrrns, metinh' in conjuirction u'ith prirrittc lcnrlinginsdnrtiotts. to ell;lblc Lrttsitresscs krc-rrtccl urithin thcErnlro\\,'errnctlt Zone to stetrt-Llp and exp?lrlcl, creatingjol-rs for urorke rs lirring in thc Zone alncl stre rlgtheningkrc;rl er-on()rnic opportunitv rrncl prospcrit-r,r Vic-ePrcsiclent Gore c;rllcc{ thc Los Angcles initiartirre "theIirrgest and mclst extensirre colrlmlluifl' clcrrek)plnetltLrarnl<ing opportllnin' in the Llnitecl States of Aurcriciror an\,tvhcrc else "'n

Los Argeles is rlow genzrfititg n brond-bnsed eclvlzvnic recover,''1,.

Manv of the citlrs rnajor privatc Llirnks ?lrc inrrolvedin this cornffluriin' clcvelcrpn't.nt financing eflort, as

they are in ar muclr sm:rller fuincl, the SoutlrernCalifbrniir Business Dcrrelopment Corpor;rtion. TheLA Cornmr.rnity Development Bernk h;rs macie itsfirst two loarns., to Ti'inirt' Knitw'orks arncl to (]olclGrtrphics, retarining 100 existirlg iolrs ancl cre arting atlearst 40 nerv iobs fbr Ernpo\\'erment Zone resiclents.Also, Los An._qeles corrlmuniry clevelopmentco rpo r'.rti o ns h ar ve cle rte I o pc cl ove r 4.,200 erf1o rcl ar L-r lehomes in recent years. Groups such as the VermontSl;ruson Economic Development Corporation(VSEDC) and the Concernecl Citizens of South CentrrrlLcrs furgeles hirve dcvelopecl over 200 irflbrclrrblehomes. VSEDC hzrs assisted 1'000 frrmilies iu hornererlovrlticln, ancl it built the Vermont Slrrllsorl ShoppingCerrte r that sulivecl the L992 clisturbanccs untouclredarncl has creatccl 450 jol-rs for locerl resiclents in largechirin stores ancl srnerll coffurrunitlr- Lrarsecl businesses.

South Centrzrl arncl other cornffrunities in Los Angeleserre Lreing rebuilt, rvith projects such ars Sflrlt:r AnarPines., 82 afforclable hornes' thc first rle\,\,' resic{entierlsulrdivision in lVtrtts sinc-e thc 1950s; r,vith thc nearbyJimrnt' Crrrte r Wbrl< Projcct of Harlrit;rt for Hutrrar-ritt!2I nerv hornes built erncl solcl in 1995; r,vith the u'ork

t9

of Nehemiarh West F{ousing Corpclrarticln, ;1 corlliticlnof religious ;rncl cornmunity grollps including the[*J ni te cl N e i gh Lr o rh oo cl s O rg ar n i zar ti o n ( LII{ O ) a n c{

the Certholic Chttrch, L-rttilcling 1,000 aflbrcl;rlrlehomes to exp?1ncl hon-reo\\/nership; erncl u'ith theVermont Villarge Plerz;r, a mirecl-use homeo\\/nershiparnel eomrnerci;rl clerreloprrnent supported by' a public-prirrarte partncrship inclucling First Interstate Bank;rncl the tJnirrersitl' of Southern Californi;r. These ;rnci

rr)?lny other sllccessftil rece nt efforts are being strongllrsllpporteel Lry the Los Angeles F{orneo\\'nershipPerrtnership" Wcrrkirg u'ith the Vermont SlallsotlEconomie Development Corpor;ltiono VOI{S islruilcling a new sllpermerrket on ?1 3"5-4er: shclppingcenter site across the street from the existingVermont Slallson Shopping Center in south centr;rlLcls Angelesr not f.rr fiorn rvhere Vermont VillergeFl;rzar urill be const nctcd. L|NO arncl othereoffununiry ;rctirrist groups arffiliated u,"ith thetruct"rstrial Areas Foundartion harrre also teamecl upu'ith the Certholic Church arncl other religiolls groupsto org;rnize Hclpe in Youth, clesigneel tcl keepteenagers awa)' fiom clrugs ;rpd gangs ;'lncl fflovethem towarc{ g;rinftil ernplcllrpent) commr-rnityse rrrice , horne ownership, erncl farnily pride " Arcl tlreF{ousing Authoriry of the Ciry of Los Angeles is

working rvidr $85 rnillion in I tUD's F{OPE VI arnd

Section 8 ftinds to colnpletely demolish Pico Cltrrdens;rnci Aliso Gardens arnd replace them u,'ith new rent;rltownhouses, hclrneo\l/nership torn nhoLrses, senioreitizen elpelrtments, recreationarl arnd colnrnunityfarcilities alnd serviees" arncl rentarl certiflcates for thoseresiclent f.rmilies rvho choclseto move to prirrarte lnelrkethousir-lg nearlry or inelther neighborhoods"

PhiladelphiaThe eiry erf Philadelphier garinecinlore theln 12,000 nerv jolrscluring 1995, irncl cut itsLrnemprloyment rate L-ry r-rearly2 percenf in the prast four )rerlrs"The gily experi.tl.^{ er cliflic-ttlttransition in the I980s, includingloss of inelustrierl jobs ;rncl fiscerlitrsrilvenc\') Lrut bclrh of thesec-harllengies are currently L'reing metr,rri th ve r\r eap;r Lrl e lclc ;r I I e :rclc rs h i p .

The citl, eontilltles to grou, itsitrclttstr\t elttsters sttch as L'rttsiuess

atncl finarnei;rI se rrtices, cc1nc-irtionaucl research, he;rlth L-'are rnclmccl ie;rl proclucts 1 entertainmentanc{ tourisffr- elncl rnore "

In recent tirnes, Philerclelphier h;rs aggressivel)'reclerrelopeei urhat it ealls "Center Cit1i" Reeentlt' itoPened ihe huge Pentrs),lrraruier Cotl\retttigu Cet',i.r,the ;rdj;rcent large i\'I;rrriott Hotel, aucl the re;rrlrlrReerciirtg Termitral Marrket" Over the \retlrs,clerrelclp-.rs, itn estors, itncl resiclerlrs lirrve restoreciSocietl'Hill ;rnd other Center Citl' neighlrorhoods,Lruilt rfe\\,' rnixecl-use office ee nte rs such as Lilre r t1r

Flace, ne\42 retiril eenters like the Cl;rllery art lylarketStreet Earst, ar pulrlie pl;rza at Penn's Lerneling or-l therir.erfront, arl arts arncl thearter clistrict cln BroadStreet, alncl el speciarllv-ftinclec{ Center Ci$' l)istriet rokeep the streets and parks cleern and s;rfc ane{ to helpeneourage eonventiclns arnel tourism.

To rebuilcl dre eitfs inclustrierl base, the PhilerdelphiirIndusriarl l)evelopmcnt Corporation (PIDC) halrvorkeel to create inclustrie'll p;rrks irnel arffact alnc{

retarin rnanufacturers, ;rnd the eiry h;rs receirred frine{sfrom EPA to cle;rn up brorvnfields arnd recyele pollutee{;rnd eontaln i n;rteel i nelus tri ;rl I ern cl. P hi I ade I ph i ;l h as

been lrit herrd by militarry b;rse elosnresl inelueii*g theNerv;rl l{ospital ;lnd the Nerval Base arud Shipyalrd,;rnd the eitfs leaders are rvorking to rlrrn this v;1calrltexparlse of Lruilclings arnei l;rncl into the PhiladelphiaNalr''.ll Br-rsiness Centeli, ;1 state-oflthe-art technologycenrer for coffrrnercer inclustr\,', welrehousing alne{

distribution" Community ccllleges lrerve also createdShipl';rrcl Collegi, el new center for eelueertion alnd jolrtrarining on the fbrrner l.{;rv;rl Base "

Philacle lphierlnent zone.,

hars been Cesignerted krs an Empo\\/er-;rnd it is using $24 rnillion in fbc{eral

grant ftrnds to leve r21ge $10^ rnillion inprirr;rte carpit;rl in sllpport of threeneighborhooe{ Iencling irastitutions.One of these, the North Phil;rclelphialFinarnciarl Parrtnership, h;rs m;rcle itsfirst loern to ;t comrnunitlt-L'rersecllrusiness, Sear Change EnvironmentallSerrtices) to hire anel trarin 12 cclrn-munitv resiclents to reffro\/e arslrestcls

"l'ltc n.cn) Puntsl,lyatiln Cotttrcrution e erffcr"

in Con't ffontru l;h itndclp ltin "

J

;rucl le;rc{-lxrsecl parint fi'clm olc{erLrr-rilclings " P h iI ;rclel;rh i ar's E mpclwerrnent Zc>ne grants, lcerns, ancl ta,creclits are he lping to ;rttt ;lct ne\ /businesses ;rncl jcltrs, inelueling ReclringScllcier, (ir;rlrclltss Commcrc i;rlWi nc{o\l/s, P;rtirm ark Sr.rperstores )

S:rve Rite Superm;lrker., Rite:Aie{Pharrm?rc\! F{ouarr Fooc{s, ;urcll turlle rous clthe rs "

Philaclelphia's neighborhooc{s, orlecfirll of homeo\\,'r1e rs, elre no\\/ tre ingrelruilr for home()\\'r1ership, inehlelingthe West Poplarr Nehenrial-l F{omes in

20

;1 tlorth sicle ncighlrorlroocl, ;rnd rlcw lromessporlsoreci L-ry pl.ilaclelphia Interfirith Action orl the\\,'est sicle. With encollr;lgement irncl arssistirnce fiorntl-le Philarlelphiir P;rrtrlers in Homeownership, thesearncl other clerreloprnents are creating hunclreels of;rflrlrclzrlrle rlew hornes arrci hclmeowners amorlgPhilacielphiir's moclest- income rvorking ferrnilies.Communitlt clerreloPment corPor;rtigtrs (CDCs )havc create cl orre r 1,800 trflorclable hornes irucl;1p;1rtffler1ts, ;ruc{ 93,000 square fbet of cornmerciarlarrc{ inclustrirrl spaee , investing ove r $ I 70 mlllion torel'ruilci the cit1"s neighborhoocls" One CDC, aL;rtino groLrp czrllecl APM, has L'ruilt o\rer 140 town-hornes in north Philarclelphia, arnc{ is nour constrlleting;r 40,000 square-foot shopping ccnter in theEmpowerment Zone, crealting 150 lclng-term jobsarutl Lrringing 11 large supermrtrl<et, plr;rrrnaey,irncl Ll;rn[< br:rnclr to an underserl'ed cornrnunit,rifurotlrer group, the Women's Coffunllnity Revit:rli-zartion Proyecd has built 55 homes for lclr,v-inc-ornefirmilies and oper;1tes ;r licensed day c?1re center for75 neighborhood childrcn. HUD hers providecl over$150 million in HOPE VI arnd ComprehensiveCirarnt ftinciing for the ciry to demolish vaeant high-rise public housirg ;rnd reviterlize Rich;rrci AllenF{clmes, Rarymond Rosen l{omes, Merrtin LutherICng F{ornes, Southwelrk, erncl other putrlic housingeornmunities. fuchard Allen F{ornes hars beenciesignartecl by HUD ars ar Cirmpus of Learrne rs) totr;rin public housing residents in new skills anciteclrnologics, worlci*g in parrtnership r,r'ittr localsehools, comrnunity eolleses, and universities.

ChicagoChicergo, carllecl by pret Carl Sandburg "the city ofLrig shoulderso" w;rs onee the most diversifiedmanuf.rcturirg'ce nter in the U.S. While fflllch ofthe city5 centlail area is nor,v more white collirr tlr;rn[rlue., Chicago still is home to a r,vicle valriety ofrnanuf.rcruring-related employment, and is certainlYa rnajor transportation arnct distribution artery forwlrolesale trirde . During the past four years) over36,000 neiv jobs herve been ardded in the city, ernd theLrnernployment rate droppecl by more than 2 percent"

Since the north Michigan Avenue "Magnificent Mile"is nou, one clf the le;rcling ret?1il ce nters in the world,tlre cir,'* is r,r'or[<ing on revitalizing its trirditionarl dor,vn-town, the St;rte Street and Loop ?lreel. Old historicancl ir rch itectlr ra [y 5 i gn i ficalnt ofTi ce br-rildi ogs,clep;rrtment stores, anci movie theaters hrrve beenrestored for new Llses, ;1flcl eclucation;rl and cultr:r;rlinsdnrdons have been ;rddecl to the fin;rnci;rl arnd

business serrrices, rct;ril tracle, anc{ go\re nlmellt;rctirrities drert bring tt'orke rs., corlsurners, entrepre nelrrs)ilnd tourists dourtlto\\,'n clar\r alrlrl night. Mrlre th;rnhalf of irll the jobs in the rnetropolil,r regicxr arelocartecl urithin the Citv of Chic-;rgo.

The cit-v has also rn orkecl to rcbuilcl its neighborhoods",arncl hostecl the recent Democratie collvcntion;rt the l*Inite cl Ce nte r, ;r r-rcw sports '<u e r-r;1 on Chicrrgo'srerr we st siclc" F{unclrecls of ner,r' homes are beingbuilt or restorecl in the rrerr, ne\,\' L-lusinesses arernorring in ;rlong Maclison Streetl ancl schools, par[<s,cornlnunity colleges) gio\/errllrlent anc{ private officesarncl comrnunitl, service fircilities ;rre ro\,v repopulertingarl area tlrat harcl been incre;rsingly arbarncloneel sincethe 1960s. T[re elevattecl rarpid tratnsit system thart servesthe neighlrorhoo6{

-(61he Green Line" --- is Lreing

res to recl, ;rnc{ co tn muni t1t cleve lop me n t co rpo rartio nssuch as Bethel Nelv Lifb, rvith the support of theCenter fbr lr{eighborhood Technology ancl othertechnical assist;rnce organizations) are bringing iobs,lrusinesses, and ne\,v homes back into comrnunitieserll arcross tlre west, sollth, and nortlr sides" Chicago'sextensive nenvork of community deve lopmentco rpo rartions ernd ne iglr borhood orgerniztrti ons lravebuilt crr re lrerbilit;rte d ove r 9,20A units clf arffordalblehousing T.d ne;rrhr 3.5.0,000.sqlrar: 9.1 "fcommercrarl sp?lce] with ?rnother 21500 homes and560,000 sqlrzlre feet of commercierl sparce eurrentlyunder development.

The priv;rte seetor is also reinvesting in neighborlroocls"The cit/s rnirjor bernks harve loirned over $200 millionto Chicargo communities for small businesses ilne{afford;rble homes) \,vorking in partnerslrip with

Ir{ew towrthovnes nrti l,tott'teovrtnrshi7 l,telp rebu.ild thiswest side Cbicngo r,t.eighborl,tood vrerlr tbe {.Jrtited Centernrud Hertry Horner Hortoes"

2I

ne i gh b o rh cxrcl o rg;rtt izer ti ons ;utcl e ucr)urrlger{ L-ry th eCclmrnuuiq' 1Lit-t\/estlrlent Act. Chic;tg''s Sclut'Shore Belnk hars successftilly pioneerec'l comrnnnitl'cl errelopme nt fin;rnci ng s tr?lte gies for rerrit;r I izi ngsouth '.rncl lrrest sicle neighlrorhoods" Se:'rrs, Roebuck;rucl CotnPatt)r h;rs urarcle ar comtnitmetlt to rebuilclthe urest sicle cornmuniry thzrt rvas once thc site of itsr,rro rl el he ;rdquarte rs . Ho rn arn S qu ar re, supp orte d b.-v

Seatrs, is norv uncler construction, erncl rvill consist ofover 600 atflbrclarble homes ;lrd alp;lrtments.' oner-nillion squ?lre feet of of1rce trncl corrmerciarl sptlce' a

lerrge l;rnclsca't1-rec{ perrk arncl er two-?rcre cornmunityg:rrden" Nearblr, rvhere a loc;rl barnk now sits irlone, ;r

shoprping cel-lter rvill ['re cleveloped. F{omarn Squerrepromises to bring horneovirnership, jobs, szrfbtl', zrnc{

pricle b:rck to this west sicle neighborhoocl. TheChicargo Partners in the Americarn Dre;rrn are no\,vivorking on a plarn to exp?rncl homeorvnership in ar

dozen other inner ciry communities.

Chicargo has been clesignerted ern EmpowermentZone, arncl rn'est side neighl'rorhoocis arre includecl inthe Zone, inclucling the lirrgely Hisp;rnic Pilsen arnd

Little Villarge coffurlllllities, arnd south sicle neighbor-hoods such zrs Bronzeville, urhere the Micl-SouthPl;rr-uring ernd Development Commission is tryir-rgto restore this historic center of Chic;igo's "BlarckMetropolis" into zr matjor tourist erttr;rction ancicornrlerciarl ernd entert?l inn-rent cl istrict. CurrentEmpcru'errlent Zone initii'rtives include providingfinerncing assistarnce for homebuyers, working rviththe First Na'rtional Ban[< of Chicargo; utilizing EPAftinds to cleirn up ancl reclevelop l-urzarrdous "L-rrou'n-fleld" l;rnd ancl bring industry berck - rwo comp:rnies,Mirdison Equiprnent ernd Scott Peterson Meat, haveerlreacll' crezrtecl 100 jobs fot Zone resiclents on oneresterrecl site; u'orking urith the pul-rlic school systelr;rncl locarl CDCs tCI support colnrnunity learningcenters and job training :rnd. pl:rceme nt eflorts; arncl

engzrging in comrnuniry policing ernd irnti-gerng zrndanti - dru g ef fo rts, r,r'i th zrcld iti on :rl fbde r;r I fturcli ng.The ciry is zrlso using $1.6 million of I{uD's Briclgesto Work ftirlds to connect 1,500 EmporvennentZone resiclents to jcll'rs lle'ar Chicirgo's O'Harrehrtemartional Airport zrncl other comfflercial irnclindustri;rl guvth cerlters' u'orking in pirrtnershiprrvith ;r metropolitan emplol'ment placement serrricesorg:ruiz;rtion c:rllecl Suburlran ]ol-r Li nk.

HUD :rucl the Chicirgcl Housing Authoriq,'?rre workingto clemolish sou-re of the \ /orst high-rise L'ruilclingsancl transform pul-rlic housing into mixec{-incomec()mllllnities, ftllI of homeou/ners, jolr opprorftrnities",;rncl prirr?lte mtlrket irtrrcstlnent. Ttr dartc, HUI) hrrscclmmittecl ovcr $300 urillion to this trmbitiousinitiirtive, r,r,'hich touches m?lny p:rrts of the citl', f}omthe Her-lry Horuer Hcltnes ot-l the \\/est sicle ue;rr the

Unitecl Center, to the Calrrini-C]reen complex on thenear north sicle, to dre RoLrert h)'l,rt Houres on thesollth sic{e" At Henrl'F{ortrel, ltezrrll, 750 units in firtehigh-rise l-ruildings are being demolishecl ancl replerceclrvi th tor,rrnho me s. At C;rl-rrini -Gree u, crlrrent p lar nscz'rll frlr redeveloping 50 acres iutcl zr mixecl-ineomecommurliry drat reconllects this island of porrertl'rvith the surrouncling m iclcl le- i ncolne nei gh borhoocl.At ABLA F{ornes on the ne?lr west side, HLID is

supporting a neu, Carnpus of Le arrners initia'rtive,r,r'orking yirl, the Chicargo Ciry College to provicleon-site trzrining in eomputer erncl telecommunicertionste chnology"

New YorkNeu'Ycrrk Ciq' revivecl from fiscarl insolrrency in thernirJ-I970s to'enjoy ar finerncial services arncl ie;rl esterte

boom ;r decade l:rter, went through h;rrd times in theearllr 1990s, ;rnd then emerged in recent ve?lrs rvithgreater economic clyn;rmism. fn the la'rst four yeirrs, theciry hars g:rinecl ne;rrly 70,000 ngu, jobs irnd cut itsunemplo)4nent rirte by 2"4 percent. Mzrnhatttrn is

still :r globzrl cerpitarl for ar wide arr?r\r of businessclusters, fiom finance to f.rshion, with an increersingtrencl tornrrrrd high-value profbssionarl activitiesconcentrzrted in the citl', irncl relrrtecl manufircturing,distribution, irnd "track office" data processing;rctivities spre'.rd throughout the metropolitan region"Falshion jewelry and clothing rrre clesigned in rrnclmerrketed from tr,Itrnherttan, L-rut not mtrcle there ;hospitals ;rncl rneclicerl schools erre locatecl in the eity,but phann;lcelrticirl irncl rnedicrl proclucts arre

m;rnuf"rctured in New ]erse1' ;rnd on Long Isl;rncl.

Ner,rr York is norv sparrvning ?1 new inclustry clnstercarlled multi-mecliir, exp;'urding on its existingstrengths ?ls a m?rgnet for entert;rinmel-lt, pul-rlishing,graphic clesign, ardvertisil-rg, ancl electronics. Themulti-medi;r induStry s1;11rists of urriters, clesigners,?ur i m ?lto rs,, rro lrrpos e rs, artis ts r co mpllter s of tw;rre tr ucltelecommttnicertiorts experts, who elre coltgregarting inlorver M:rnhtrtt;rn neighlrorhoocls such :rs SoHo anclTi'ibecar, turning the ciry into ir neu"'Silicorl Alley"rn'ith I,350 multi-mecli;r business firms anel nearll'$2 billior-r in sales lrrst yerrr" The city hrrs over 4,300st?trt-Llp cotnpanies em;rlctf ing 7l,500 tt,orkers.,cleveloping ancl m;rrketing Interuet sites on the"Lrf o rm irtio n S upe rh i ghrv;r)', " cre at i r-rg mu I ti - m e cl i ;r

s of trverre, o n-li ne entertrrinment, ;rncl other procluctsancl serices in the computer telecornrnunicirtionsurorld clf cybsr5p;rce " There ilre no\\,' n-lore jolrs inmnlti-n-leciiir in Nerv Yrlrk Ciry thirn in some of themore tr;rclitionarl mccliir ficlcls such irs r;rciio arnc{

televis ion L-rrorrclc;rs ti ng, or ne\\/s ptlper erncl rn ag;l.zincput-rli.shing. Interest in this fielel ;lccounts for thestlccess clf the ucrvllt rcutirecl office to\\rel) the Nell,

))

}'orlc Informerfion Tcchnolog)' Center ;rt 55 BrorrtlStrcet", u,'hic-h retrofirtecl arn ok{ Wall Street fin;rnciirlclistrict Lruilcling urith state-of-the-art cquiprncnt forhigh-speecl voice, rriclco, ;lncl clata transurissior-r. TheNerv Yorle Inforrnation Tec-hnology Center is rrerlrpopular w'ith its rarpiclly gro\\rinS nunlLrcr of cornmcr-eial ten;rnts fiorn thc multi-rneciiel Lrusiness.

Iderv Ycrrk's Empo\\/e rlnent Zone co\rers muclr ofupPer tMeruheltt;ul, inclucling Harrlcrn arnc{ Washi ngtotlHeights, ancl pirrt of the South Brorrx. The Disnet'Comparl)r intencis to open al store or1 l25th Street inthc tlewly-plernnecl F{irrleur USA comrnercial arnci

rctalil cievelopment. F{arlern USA mary crnplov Llp rcr

500 urorkers in irs virrious stores" To sllpportErnpo\\,'e rme rlt Zr>ne effbrts rrnd othe r cornrlunityrcvitirlization initi;rtives, 50 rnajor corpor;rre leaclersl-lave createcl ir $50 rnillion New Yclrk Ciry fnvest-fftenr Funcl to prorric{e loerns to neur ;rnd existingLrusitresses in Neu' Yorlc's neighborhoods. This ftinclcorrlplements tlre r,vork of thc New Ycrrl< CiryPaurnership, which hars workecl with communiryorganizertibns arnd priv;rte contractors ro build m,rt.tlrtrn 12,000 neur homes, urith another 3'000 cllrrentlypl;rnned clr under constrLlction. These lromes harvelrrouglrt arffordirtrle horneownership ro over 50 low-ernd moder;rte-income neiglrl'rorhoocis" The Ner,vYork Ciry Partnership is worlcing with arn alliancecerllee{ ANCHOR to L-rring retaril stores, cornmercialoflices, and other businesses to neiglrborhoods tharare L'reing rebuilt lvith ne\ r homes. The new home-

o\\/rlers crearte 11 ll1;lrket for krcarl shclpl-ring antlscrvic-es, atnri bringing in thcsc LrusinCiscs helps crcatejol-rs aurcl st;rbilrze comrnluritics. ANCHOR liasrarisecl $25 rnillion for this initiirtive. HUD lrirspruwic{cci ot,e r $ 18 rnillion to sllpport cleve k)prner}tof fn'e c-ornmturiqr shopPing c-e utcrs krcatecl inE rn p cr\nre nrl e trt Zo ne'.r rlcl AN CF{ O R- ra rge te r{neighborlroclcls" These reteril Lrusincsses r,lrilI crcirteup to 1,000 new jolrs, r,r'it[r rnrrny of tlre m goirlg rr)Zone resicletlts" An examplc is the Astellar DevelopmerlrCorpclrertiotl, el non-profit CDC, rvhich is L'ruilciing ;1

mini-rnarll oll ?1 Cotre-v Islancl site in llrooklyn thartwits v?lcallt frlr 15 years" The fbur netv stores r,villL'rring neeclecl scrvices to the neighl'rorhoocl anclcrearte 25 ne\,v jobs firr arear resiclents.

Ncw Ycrrk's ollte r lroroughs, man\,r of the m abernclone cl

irrrd le ft for de arci in thc I970s ancl early B0s, haveexperienced a clrartnatic rebirth through grassroots

Pzlrtnerships ancl corporalte, governme ntr ?11-lc1 philatl-thropic finerncial sllpport and technicerl rrssistaurcefron-l the Communiq,' Preseltrticln Corporertion,Chars e t\,I arnh ertterrl B a hk Co m mu ni ty Dlve I op m e nrCorporation, tlre Forcl Founciertion, the RockefellerFouncltrtion, arncl nllmerous other organizartions.A parrtnership between HUD, rhe RcrckefbllerFounclation, artrc{ Churse Marnhattan Birnk is focusingon crearting jobs fbr public housirg resiclenrs andother people lirring in lorv-incomc neighborhoods.In Bror,vnsville ernc{ E;rst Ner,v Yrrrk, the East BrooklynCongregations (EBC), a religious coerlition orgernizecl

bu.ildhtg irt. lowey Mnrul,tnttnyt, by dn1, fuft), nnd nt rt,igl,tt (t'tgl,tt) .T'he I,{ew Tor''/e Infon+tntiort. Tbcl,trtolon, Centeq n lttg/t-tecl,t ,ffit,

23

by the fnclustriirl Are;rs Fonnclartion (fAF), creertec{

the Nehemiarh initi;rtive to L'ruilcl inexpensirre homes;rnc{ restore blightec{ inner-cit1r neighborhoocis Lr1,

s ulrs t;rnti ;r I Iy erp;r nd i ng h om e o\\rl-rc rs h i p . L ir rge - s e;r I e

nluntre rs of uernt homes ;rnel horneowr-re rs) built ;rndsolcl ;lt re l;rtirre l)' lorv cost' ;1r e the ke1's tcl theNehemizrh eorlcept. Working n'ith ;r retirecl horle-Lruilcler ;rnd civic leercler' I.D. Rolrlrins, the EBC built2,300 erffclrclarble single-farnih' tor,r'nhomes arucl is inthe process of building 1,200 rnore . tMarn.v clf thenew homeowners ?rre h;rrcl-rvorking families urhcl\\/ere alrearciy lirtir-lg in the salne or nearlry neiglrlreir-hoods, atnel a majoritl' of the ne\4/ Nehe rniahlrcxnel'ruyers were former public housing resielents"The Seluth Bronr Congregartions reeenthr tocrk er

sirnilar grassroots approerch irncl hirs ;rlreaely Lruilt ernci

seilei over 500 arflirrel;rble tclu'nhornes.

Rebuile{ing the South Bronx h;rs been er. stlurningreversal of fornrne for ;1r1 rreir that \\/els orlce theseene clf nightly ?lrsorl flres, dmg-relatecl shootings,arnd fflass arl'rarnclonfflent, with liter;rlly rniles ofarlrarndoneel buildings ;rnd rulrble-strewn \raeant lots.

More th;rn +0,000 housing units herve been Lruilt ortrervh'-rel-lerlrilirerted in the South llronx o\/er the parstclecerele . Mrrnt' of these homes are corlstrllctec{,1r-r ?ur ?lgecl, ;r nd m ;r rke tg el Lr1, lo m mu n i n, eieve l op m.e n tcorporartions like the South E;rst Brclnr Communitl'Or$rrniz;rtiou (SEBCO), MBD CorrlrrlnniryD erte loprne nt Co rpor;r tiern, B an zrn;r I(eI 11,

Communiry fmprovernent Association, PhipptI{cluses, futrid-Brorrx Senior Citizens Council, ;rnc{

rn;lny clthers. iVIBDu urhich startecl out ;rs the Mic{-Brclnx Desper;rdoes, \4za1s er force Lrehind the city'ssllceessftil eftclrts to trlrn Charlcltte Streetl ar "posterclrilcl" of urbarn clee;ry visitec{ Lry Presidents }immyCerrter arnd Ronarld Reag;rr1u inio Charrlomc Gardenstoclal"s attrelcti\re clevelopment clf 89 single-f-rmilylrclmes with green lerr,vns ;rnci u'hite picket fbnces"MBD is no\ r pl;rnning to L-ruild ar 10-acre ] $ZOrnillion comrnunitv shopping eenter) cievelop el

prirnary eare heallth elinie tclgether w,ith BreinxLeb:rnon F{ospit;rl, erne{ lvork with the natiollarllv-recognizecl, Califo rnier - Lr;rs eci Ce nter for E rnplerym e nttaining (CET) to trarin alnd plaree 150 Bronxresidents Per )'eerr into starl'rle jclbs.

Revitalization of Chnr lone Sweet bt tbe Sowtlt Bronx (left) irlto Chailone Garderus (right).

7'heNety)hrhCi^'Pattnats|'lip\NewHom'es!rW"&|12llelpedrobuildtltisSouthI}ronxneig|,lbal'l,lood,|lefrc(lc)'

(Soutlt Brortx pltotos bv Cnnilo Josi Vngnra)

24

Conclusion:The Future of America's Cities

Thc firture of funcricir's cities is brightcr toda-v than in severirlclecirclcs. As citiesl'rec-otne morc collnectecl to their metropolitari econornics, ;rncl ars dre nation'scconomy gro\,vs stearclily. strongel aucl more prospclolls, clppornu'rities cxpernci forPrivate invcstment t<l rebuilc{ ttrb:rn clolrrutorvus and ncigll[lorho<lcls, mrri.iu-gthetn mclre vittrl ancl safb, livert'rle ancl clcall, heakhf irnd ihrivir-rg. Man_v Lrusiiress,govenrncnt, civic and cornrnuniw leaclers erlretrcly"recognize thisc oppornrnitics'inc'l irrc r,vorking hirrc{ to seize the'mornent. Now is thJtirne fbr our entire nationftr.:1.]PP.ot.t these.initiertives irncl ensure thart they succeecl. Our counrry's fhturewill bebrighter if r,ve reinvest in the peo;rle ;.',nil placer thrrr fell behind cluring thcPast several decirdes. Creating a morC procluctivClvorkfrrrce and er more zrttraitiveirnd efticient urbirn environnrcnt rvill6cnefit etlch and everv one of us.

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