fgd _ppt
TRANSCRIPT
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DATA COLLECTION
FOCUS GROUP METHODOLOGY
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Focus Group
A tool to provide data generating useful and accurate information regarding the specific research
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Forms of Data
Conversation, including tone of voicesSilences (words and issues)Body language Non verbal behavior
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Sources of Data
Notes taken by moderator and assistant Audiotape recordingsVideotape recordings Items recalled from memory
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Informed Consent
To maintain confidentialityTranscribe tapes without using the names of
participantsDestroy tapes after analysis
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Debriefing session
Among all the research team membersTo discuss additional perspectives or
observationsAudio/video tape for transcription of the
session
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Research team
Consists of a moderator 2-3 assistants
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Responsibilities of a Moderator
• Facilitating• Taking notes that inform potential emergent
questions to be asked• Providing stimulus material (e.g. newspaper
article, video clip, audio clip) to respond to • Engaging participants in a specific activity
(e.g. team building exercise, brain storming exercise)
• Providing feedback
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Responsibilities of Assistants
• Recording (audio/video) the session • Taking hand written notes • Creating conducive environment (e.g. dealing
with late comers, being sure everyone has a seat, arranging for refreshments)
• Providing verification of data • Helping researcher to analyze and interpret
the focus group data
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Field notes
• Where participants are sitting • Who is speaking • Key discussion points• Notable quotes• Silent agreement • Obvious body language• Indications of group mood• Contradictory statements
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Saturation• Data saturation (when information occurs so
repeatedly that the researcher can anticipate it and whereby the collection of more data appears to have no additional interpretive worth; Sandelowski, 2008; Saumure & Given, 2008)
• Theoretical saturation (when the researcher can assume that her/his emergent theory is adequately developed to fit any future data collected; Sandelowski, 2008).
• According to KREUGER (1994) and MORGAN (1997) 3-6 different focus groups are adequate to reach saturation with each group meeting once or multiple times
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Types of data
Individual dataGroup dataGroup interaction data
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Preparing data for analysis
Transcript based (compiling information from all sources of data)
Audio/video tape based analysis