fgm in sr.ppt

7/26/2019 FGM IN SR.ppt

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Presentation onPresentation on

FREE GOVERNOR MODE OPERATIONFREE GOVERNOR MODE OPERATION


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FREE GOVERNOR OPERATION

WHYFREQ COMPARISION

MAY-02 & MAY-03

GOVERNOR

BEFORE GOVERNOR GOVERNOR RESPONSEIN NER

DEAD BAND GOVERNOR TIME LAG

BLOCKED GOVERNOR

ROLE

DROOPFREQUENCY DECAY RATEBACKLASH

TYPES OF CONTROLS

DROOP RESPONSE IN SR

ABT & GOVERNOR

ADVANTAGES

GOVERNOR TYPES

TIME DELAY

CHARACTERISTICS

PROBLEMSUCPE/NERC

LIST OF GENERATORS

FREQUENCY BASED

DISPATCH

FREQUENCY BASED

DISPATCHSUPPRESSED GOVERNOR

ACTION

PID CONTROLPTI TAPE ORDERS


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ORDERS

IEGC 6.2 (e) & 6.2(f)IEGC 1.6IEGC 6.2 (g)

IEGC 6.2 (h)CERC ORDER ON

WB dt 02/01/01

KERALA LETTER

ON FG

FREE GOVERNOR

OPERATION


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ROLE OF SYSTEM OPERATOR

LOAD GENERATION

BALANCE50


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WHY DOES FREQUENCY DROP WHY DOES FREQUENCY DROP

Sudden addition of load causes a drop in frequency.

An increased load is supplied through an increase in the load angle by whichthe rotor lags the stator field.

It means a loss of Kinetic Energy of the rotating Mc and a slower speedof rotation i.e. a lower frequency.

f ! "#$% & "'(0%)here f ! frequency of the system

# ! no of poles of the Mc.

' ! rpm of the Mc.


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* L!"d de#e$de$t !$ f%e'e$* F%ee G!*e%$!% O#e%"t+!$

* ,$de% F%e'e$ O#e%"t+!$

PRIMARY CONTROLSPRIMARY CONTROLS


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""""#UCPE$#UCPE$

Pri%ar& 'ontro( in)o()es t*e a'tion o+Pri%ar& 'ontro( in)o()es t*e a'tion o+

t,r-ine s.ee/ 0o)ernors in 0eneratin0t,r-ine s.ee/ 0o)ernors in 0eneratin0

,nits1 2*i'* 2i(( res.on/ 2*ere t*e s.ee/,nits1 2*i'* 2i(( res.on/ 2*ere t*e s.ee/

#+re3,en'&$ /e)iates +ro% t*e s.ee/#+re3,en'&$ /e)iates +ro% t*e s.ee/

#+re3,en'&$ set .oint as a res,(t o+ an#+re3,en'&$ set .oint as a res,(t o+ an

i%-a(an'e -et2een 0eneration an/i%-a(an'e -et2een 0eneration an//e%an/ in t*e s&n'*rono,s(&/e%an/ in t*e s&n'*rono,s(&

inter'onne'te/ net2or4 as a 2*o(e5inter'onne'te/ net2or4 as a 2*o(e5

Te'*ni'a( so(i/arit& -et2een %e%-ers 2i((Te'*ni'a( so(i/arit& -et2een %e%-ers 2i((

in)o()e t*e si%,(taneo,s a'tion o+ .ri%ar&in)o()e t*e si%,(taneo,s a'tion o+ .ri%ar&'ontro( on a(( 0eneratin0 ,nits in)o()e/ in'ontro( on a(( 0eneratin0 ,nits in)o()e/ in

s&ste% 'ontro(5s&ste% 'ontro(5


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""""#UCPE$#UCPE$

T*e )ario,s ass,%.tions1 '*ara'teristi's an/T*e )ario,s ass,%.tions1 '*ara'teristi's an/.ara%eters a..(ie/ to .ri%ar& 'ontro( are as.ara%eters a..(ie/ to .ri%ar& 'ontro( are as

+o((o2s6+o((o2s6+T*e %a7i%,% instantaneo,s /e)iation 8P -et2eenT*e %a7i%,% instantaneo,s /e)iation 8P -et2een

0eneration an/ /e%an/ to -e 'orre'te/ -& .ri%ar&0eneration an/ /e%an/ to -e 'orre'te/ -& .ri%ar&'ontro( is 9::: MW'ontro( is 9::: MW

+ For t*e 2*o(e s&ste%1 2it* a .ea4 (oa/ o+ t*e or/erFor t*e 2*o(e s&ste%1 2it* a .ea4 (oa/ o+ t*e or/ero+ 9:::: MW an/ an o;


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FREQUENCY RESPONSE ""FREQUENCY RESPONSE ""

#NERC$#NERC$

NERC


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AT AND GOVERNORAT AND GOVERNOR

#,S- A- /E12E'34 )I-I' 67 -, 50.58

A3IE9E: 4 S-A;;EI'; ,/


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FREQUENCY COMPARISON FOR

6=.50

6>.00

6>.50

67.00

67.50

50.00

50.50

5?.00

5?.50

00 0? 0$ 0@ 06 05 0( 0= 0> 07 ?0 ?? ?$ ?@ ?6 ?5 ?( ?= ?> ?7 $0 $? $$ $@

04-MARCH 02 & 03

$00@

$00$


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HUMAN GOVERNOR OPERATIONHUMAN GOVERNOR OPERATION

S4S-EMTG&

;,9E',


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GOVERNORGOVERNOR

S#EE: ;,9E', IS -E 3,'-,


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MISCONCEPTIONMISCONCEPTION

;oBernors attempt to restore frequency to normal.

In realityC ;oBernors attempt to restore load generation balanceC usingfrequency change as a signal.


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CHARACTERISTICSCHARACTERISTICS

=5=5 Res.on/ .ro%.t(& to a s%a(( '*an0e inRes.on/ .ro%.t(& to a s%a(( '*an0e ins.ee/5s.ee/5

9595 A/,st t*e t*rott(e )a()e 2it* aA/,st t*e t*rott(e )a()e 2it* a

%ini%,%%ini%,% o+ o)ers*oot5o+ o)ers*oot555 Ha)e s,'ient .o2er to o)er'o%eHa)e s,'ient .o2er to o)er'o%e+ri'tion (osses an/ ,n-a(an'e +or'es in+ri'tion (osses an/ ,n-a(an'e +or'es in

t*e t*rott(e )a()e5t*e t*rott(e )a()e5

55 Per%it )er& (itt(e s.ee/ ,'t,ationPer%it )er& (itt(e s.ee/ ,'t,ation,n/er,n/er 'onstant (oa/ an/ stea%'onstant (oa/ an/ stea%

'on/itions5'on/itions5


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TYPES OF GOVERNORSTYPES OF GOVERNORS

+Me'*ani'a( s*a+tMe'*ani'a( s*a+t

+Dire't a'tin0 ori'eDire't a'tin0 ori'e

+Oi( re(a&Oi( re(a&

+Pre'ision oi( re(a&Pre'ision oi( re(a&+E(e'troni' 0o)ernorE(e'troni' 0o)ernor


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DEAD ANDDEAD AND

:EA: A': ,/ -E S#EE: ;,9E',I'; S4S-EM IS -E -,-A t! the !$t%!> e%%!%.

%!*+de= +??ed+"te !$t%!>>e% %e=#!$=e t! =et#!+$t

h"$ge !$e


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INTEGRAL CONTROL


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/

N fdt?-c

INTEGRAL CONTROL

C!$t%!> "t+!$ += !$t%!> e%%!% +$teg%"ted!*e% t+?e.

LI$teg%"te= the e%%!% !*e% t+?e t! !*e%!?e the!ff=et f%!? %!#!%t+!$">">!$e ='h th"t =#eed

5. !@e*e% I$teg%"> "t+!$ ?" "'=e

!*e%=h!!t !=+>>"t+!$ "$d/!% +$=t"+t #%!e?=

Kc


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ID "%"?ete% T'$+$g I

!$>

DIFFERENTIAL CONTROL


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/

dfdt-d

DIFFERENTIAL CONTROL

I$ differential control !$t%!> "t+!$ += >"t+!$ "$d t! "dd =t"+t

Kc

ID CONTROL


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A f!%? !f !$t%!> Jproportional integral"$d

differentialcontrol. PID Controllers"%e

%e"ted


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5,RE55ED GO7ERNOR OERATION


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5,RE55ED GO7ERNOR OERATION

OEN


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CERC ORDER ON IEGC DATED 22.02.2002,OTE


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1.6 F%ee3G!*e%$!% At+!$J

-he dates from which the stipulations under sections 6.>"c%C 6.>"d%C (.$"e%C (.$"f%C(.$"g% and (.$"h% would come into effect shall be as under H (+) All thermal generating units of installed capacity $00 M) and aboBe and reserBoir

based hydro units of installed capacity 50 M) and aboBe HSouthern egion O

OEastern egion O

O'orthern egion O -he date for the

O implementation of the)estern egion O 3ommercial mechanism

O mentioned in Section =.?"d% (++) All thermal and reserBoir based hydro O for the respectiBe region. generating units of installed capacity O ?0 M) and aboBe in 'orth Eastern egion O

(+++) All other generating units D three months after the aboBe dates for the respectiBeregions ecept in the case of 'uclear #ower Stations which shall be eempted till the netreBiew of the IE;3.

Any eemptionfrom the aboBe may be granted only by 3E3 for which theconcerned constituent shall file a petition in adBance.

,N,OTE

CERC ORDER ON IEGC DATED 22.02.2002,OTE


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(.$"e% All generating unitsC which are synchronised with the gridC irrespectiBe of

their ownershipC type and siJeC shall haBe their goBernors in normal operation at all

times. If any generating unit of oBer fifty "50% M) siJe "?0 M) for 'orth Eastern

egion% is required to be operated without its goBernor in normal operationC the


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(.$"g% All ;enerating 2nitsC operating atup to ?00 of their Maimum 3ontinuous

ating "M3% shall normally be capable of "and shall not in any way be preBented from%

instantaneously picing up fiBe per cent "5% etra load for at least fiBe "5% minutes or

within technical limits prescribed by the manufacturer when frequency falls due to a

system contingency. -he generating units operating at aboBe ?00 of their M3 shall

be capable of "and shall not be preBented from% going at least up to ?05 of their M3

when frequency falls suddenly. Any generating unit of oBer fifty "50% M) siJe "?0 M) for

'E% not complying with the aboBe requirementC shall be ept in operation

"synchronised with the egional grid% only after obtaining the permission of


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(.$"h% -he recommended rate for changing the goBernor settingC i.e. supplementary

control for increasing or decreasing the output "generation leBel% for all generating .unitsC

irrespectiBe of their type and siJeC would be one "?.0% per cent per minute or as per

manufacturerPs limits. oweBerC if frequency falls below 67.5 JC all partly loaded

generating units shall pic up additional load at a faster rateC according to their capability.

,N,OTE

/EE ;,9E', M,:E ,/


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,#EA-I,'

Quote

!" #$% A 'e(e)*t+(' u(+t,- .+$ *)e ,0($)o(+,e1 .+t te

')+1- +))e,2e$t+3e o4 te+) o.(e),+2- t02e *(1 ,+5e- ,* *3e

te+) 'o3e)(o), +( (o)6* o2e)*t+o( *t * t+6e,! I4 *(0

'e(e)*t+(' u(+t o4 o3e) 4+4t0 #78% MW ,+5e #98 MW 4o) No)t

E*,te)( Re'+o(% +, )e:u+)e1 to ;e o2e)*te1 .+tout +t, 'o3e)(o)

+( (o)6* o2e)*t+o(- te RLDC ,* ;e +66e1+*te0 *13+,e1

*;out te )e*,o( *(1 1u)*t+o( o4 ,u$ o2e)*t+o(! A 'o3e)(o),

,* *3e * 1)oo2 o4 ;et.ee(


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,#EA-I,' Te 6*tte) 1+,$u,,e1 +(

APTRANSCO $o(3e0e1 )e*1+(e,, 4o) FGM o4 * 'e(e)*to), e$e2t te)6* u(+t, o4 APGENCO

F)e: )e,2o(,e $*)*$te)+,t+$, $*$u*t+o( 1et*+, $o3e)+(' < e3e(t, 4u)(+,e1 4o) e*6+(*t+o( & (e$e,,*)0

4ee1;*$? ;0 te $o(,t+tue(t,!

Co(,t+tue(t, A$tu* )e,2o(,e So)t4* #AVG% #AVG%

AP " = @ =

KAR 9 = @< =

KER " = 9 =

TN 9< = @ =

M*tte) *'*+( 1+,$u,,e1 +( 998tTCC/9 A$t+o( ;0 $o(,t+tue(t, to *$+e3e te t*)'et to ;e 1+,$u,,e1!

P)e,e(t ,t*tu, to ;e )e3+e.e1!

NLYII ULETTERS


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NE:7ELI ,3 ON FG ON 1/06/2008

?(0

?=0

?>0

?70

$00

$?0

$$0

??H00 ??H?5 ??H@0 ??H65 ?$H00 ?$H?5 ?$H@0 ?$H65 ?@H00

67

67.$

67.6

67.(

67.>

50

50.$

50.6

N:L ,3 GENERATION

RED,CTION OF 21 W IN - T5

FRE,ENC:


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hank you

fgm in sr.ppt

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