F H E A Z T E C

C A L E N D A

S T O N E

Edited by Khristaan D. Villelaand Mary Ellen Miller

Introduction by Khristaan D. Villela, Matthew H. Robb, and Mary Ellen Miller

P U B L I S H E D B Y T H E G E T T Y R E S E A R C H I N S T I T U T E

Contents

vii Acknowledgments

ix Note to the Reader

i Introduction

Khristaan D. Villela, Matthew H. Robb, and Mary Ellen Miller

42 History of the Indies of New Spain (1581)

Fray Diego Durdn

49 Curious Diary and Notebook of the Memorable Events in Mexico during the

Government of Revillagigedo (1789-94)

Jose Gomez

50 "A Historical and Chronological Description of Two Stones, Which Were Found in 1790 in the

Principal Square of Mexico during the Current Paving Project" (1792)

Antonio de Leon y Gama

81 Researches Concerning the Institutions and Monuments of the Ancient Inhabitants of America,

with Descriptions and Views of Some of the Most Striking Scenes in the Cordilleras! (1810)

Alexander von Humboldt

90 The "Aztec Calendar Stone" (1876)

Alfredo Chavero

101 Catalog of the Historical and Archaeological Collections of the Museo National de Mexico (1882)

Gumesindo Mendoza and Jesus Sanchez

104 Collected Works in Mesoamerican Linguistics and Archaeology (1888,1899,1901,1915)

Eduard Seler

118 The So-Called "Calendario Azteca": Description and Interpretation of the Cuauhxicalli of the

"House of the Eagles" (1921)

Hermann Beyer

151 Plates

167 "The Stone of the Sun and the First Chapter of the History of Mexico" (1921)

Enrique Juan Palacios

181 "How Was the Stone Called the Aztec Calendar Stone Painted?" (1942)

Roberto Sieck Flandes

185 "The Central Face of the Stone of the Sun: A Hypothesis" (1974)

Carlos Navarrete and Doris Heyden

195 "The Dark and Light Sides of the Aztec Stone Calendar and Their Symbolical Significance" (1976)

Andrzej Wiercihski

199 "The Identity of the Central Deity on the Aztec Calendar Stone" (1976)

Cecelia Klein

218 State and Cosmos in the Art of Tenochtitlan (1979)

Richard F. Townsend

223 "The Aztec Calendar Stone: A Critical History" (1981)

Stacie Graham Widdifield

238 "A Reconsideration of Some Hieroglyphs on the Mexica Calendar Stone" (1988)

Emily Umberger

258 "The Stone of the Sun" (1992)

Michel Graulich

263 "The Problem of the Identification of the Central Image of the Aztec Calendar Stone" (1993)

H. B. Nicholson

276 "New Insights on the Interpretation of the Aztec Calendar Stone (with Notes on

Skeletonization)" (1993)

Ariane Fradcourt

293 "The Stone of the Sun" (2000)

Felipe Solis

298 The Aztec Calendar and Other Solar Monuments (2004)

Eduardo Matos Moctezuma

303 Bibliography

322 Biographical Notes on Contributors

323 Illustration Credits

324 Index