FibersFibers

All content taken from WikipediaAll content taken from Wikipedia

Dye Fabrics LabDye Fabrics Lab

Before the dyeBefore the dye1.1. How many Sections do you notice?How many Sections do you notice?2.2. Do you think the warp and weft are the same material Do you think the warp and weft are the same material

in each section or different?in each section or different?3.3. How do you think the dye will be absorbed? (same or How do you think the dye will be absorbed? (same or

different in each section) EXPLAIN!different in each section) EXPLAIN!After the dyeAfter the dye1.1. How many Sections do you notice?How many Sections do you notice?2.2. Do you think the warp and weft are the same material Do you think the warp and weft are the same material

in each section or different?in each section or different?3.3. How was the dye absorbed? (same or different in each How was the dye absorbed? (same or different in each

section) EXPLAIN!section) EXPLAIN!

Purpose: ?Questions: (write each question and answer in complete sentences)

Conclusion:Research the maker, purpose, uses, etc for each of the types of fabric in the sample we dyed today.

Dyed FabricDyed Fabric

AcetateSEF (self extinguishing fabric)Arnel (bright)Bleached CottonCresian 61Dacron 54Dacron 64Nylon 66Orlon 78Spun SilkPolypropyleneViscoseWool

CottonCotton Cotton fiber consists of nearly pure cellulose, a Cotton fiber consists of nearly pure cellulose, a

natural polymer natural polymer The cellulose is arranged in a way that gives The cellulose is arranged in a way that gives

cotton fibers a high degree of strength, cotton fibers a high degree of strength, durability, and absorbency durability, and absorbency

Each fiber is made up of twenty to thirty layers of Each fiber is made up of twenty to thirty layers of cellulose coiled in a neat series of natural cellulose coiled in a neat series of natural springs. When the cotton boll is opened, the springs. When the cotton boll is opened, the fibers dry into flat, twisted, ribbon-like shapes fibers dry into flat, twisted, ribbon-like shapes and become kinked together and interlocked. and become kinked together and interlocked. This interlocked form is ideal for spinning into a This interlocked form is ideal for spinning into a fine yarn. fine yarn.

LinenLinen generic term to describe a class of woven bed, bath, generic term to describe a class of woven bed, bath,

table and kitchen textiles because traditionally linen was table and kitchen textiles because traditionally linen was so widely used for towels, sheets, lightweight so widely used for towels, sheets, lightweight undergarments such as shirts, chemises, waistshirts, undergarments such as shirts, chemises, waistshirts, lingerie, and detachable shirt collars and cuffs, etc lingerie, and detachable shirt collars and cuffs, etc

strongest of the vegetable fibers with 2 to 3 times the strongest of the vegetable fibers with 2 to 3 times the strength of cotton strength of cotton

characteristic often associated with linen yarn is the characteristic often associated with linen yarn is the presence of "slubs", or small knots that occur randomly presence of "slubs", or small knots that occur randomly along its length. However, these are actually defects along its length. However, these are actually defects associated with low quality. The finest linen has very associated with low quality. The finest linen has very consistent diameter threads with no slubs consistent diameter threads with no slubs

SilkSilk natural protein fiber, some forms of which can be natural protein fiber, some forms of which can be

woven into textiles woven into textiles Silk fibers have a triangular cross section with Silk fibers have a triangular cross section with

rounded corners. This allows light to hit at many rounded corners. This allows light to hit at many different angles, so silk is a bright fiber and has different angles, so silk is a bright fiber and has a natural shine. It has a smooth, soft texture that a natural shine. It has a smooth, soft texture that is not slippery, unlike many synthetic fibers. is not slippery, unlike many synthetic fibers.

Silk is a poor conductor of electricity and thus Silk is a poor conductor of electricity and thus susceptible to static cling susceptible to static cling

WoolWool A fiber derived from the fur of animals of mainly sheep A fiber derived from the fur of animals of mainly sheep Wool's scaling and crimp make it easier to spin the Wool's scaling and crimp make it easier to spin the

fleece. They help the individual fibers attach to each fleece. They help the individual fibers attach to each other so that they stay together. Because of the crimp, other so that they stay together. Because of the crimp, wool fabrics have a greater bulk than other textiles and wool fabrics have a greater bulk than other textiles and retain air, which causes the product to retain heat retain air, which causes the product to retain heat

Wool possesses much greater ability to return to its Wool possesses much greater ability to return to its natural length after being stretched than any artificial natural length after being stretched than any artificial fiber fiber

In water or steam, wool can stretch to about twice its In water or steam, wool can stretch to about twice its length without breaking length without breaking

Sheep Wool, Goat Hair, Cashmere and Waste

AcetateAcetateCellulose acetate or acetate rayon fiber Cellulose acetate or acetate rayon fiber

(1924) is one of the earliest synthetic (1924) is one of the earliest synthetic fibers and is based on cotton or tree pulp fibers and is based on cotton or tree pulp cellulose cellulose

low in cost and has good draping qualities low in cost and has good draping qualities used in fabrics such as satins, brocades, used in fabrics such as satins, brocades,

and taffetas to accentuate luster, body, and taffetas to accentuate luster, body, drape and beauty drape and beauty

acetate fibers are hypoallergenic acetate fibers are hypoallergenic

AcrylicAcrylicAcrylic is lightweight, soft, and warm, with Acrylic is lightweight, soft, and warm, with

a wool-like feel a wool-like feel dyes very well and has excellent dyes very well and has excellent

colorfastness. It is resilient, retains its colorfastness. It is resilient, retains its shape, and resists shrinkage and wrinkles shape, and resists shrinkage and wrinkles

uses include sweaters, hand-knitting uses include sweaters, hand-knitting yarns, rugs, awnings, boat covers, and yarns, rugs, awnings, boat covers, and beanies beanies

NylonNylon synthetic thermoplastic fiber (Nylon melts/glazes synthetic thermoplastic fiber (Nylon melts/glazes

easily at relatively low temperatures) easily at relatively low temperatures) filaments are generally completely transparent filaments are generally completely transparent

unless they have been delustered or solution unless they have been delustered or solution dyed (look like glass rods)dyed (look like glass rods)

Nylon is related chemically to the protein fibers Nylon is related chemically to the protein fibers silk and wool silk and wool

Highly resilient (nylon fabrics are heat-set) and Highly resilient (nylon fabrics are heat-set) and paved the way for paved the way for easy-care garmentseasy-care garments

Spandex

PolyesterPolyester "less natural" feel when compared to "less natural" feel when compared to

similarly woven fabrics made from natural similarly woven fabrics made from natural fibers, e.g., cotton fibers, e.g., cotton

Polyester fiberfill is also used to stuff Polyester fiberfill is also used to stuff pillows, comforters and cushion padding pillows, comforters and cushion padding

improved wrinkle resistance improved wrinkle resistance Dacron ®Dacron ®

Rayon (Viscose)Rayon (Viscose) regenerated cellulosic fiber so rayon is produced regenerated cellulosic fiber so rayon is produced

from naturally occurring polymers and therefore from naturally occurring polymers and therefore it is not a truly synthetic fiber, nor is it a natural it is not a truly synthetic fiber, nor is it a natural fiber fiber

Rayon is a very versatile fiber and has the same Rayon is a very versatile fiber and has the same comfort properties as natural fibers. It can comfort properties as natural fibers. It can imitate the feel and texture of silk, wool, cotton imitate the feel and texture of silk, wool, cotton and linen. The fibers are easily dyed in a wide and linen. The fibers are easily dyed in a wide range of colors. Rayon fabrics are soft, smooth, range of colors. Rayon fabrics are soft, smooth, cool, comfortable, and highly absorbent, but they cool, comfortable, and highly absorbent, but they do not insulate body heat, making them ideal for do not insulate body heat, making them ideal for use in hot and humid climates use in hot and humid climates

Chenille Sewing Thread

Rayon PicturesRayon Pictures

A sample of rayon from a

skirt, photographed

with a macro lens.

Another skirt with a different

texture.

A blouse with a texture similar to the

second.

OlefinOlefinsynthetic fiber made from alkenes synthetic fiber made from alkenes used various textiles as well as clothing, used various textiles as well as clothing,

upholstery, wallpaper, ropes, and vehicle upholstery, wallpaper, ropes, and vehicle interiors interiors

Olefin is also referred to as polypropylene, Olefin is also referred to as polypropylene, polyethylene, or polyolefin polyethylene, or polyolefin

Olefin is abrasion, stain, sunlight, and Olefin is abrasion, stain, sunlight, and chemical resistant. It does not dye well, chemical resistant. It does not dye well,

Hammocks and berber carpet

Olefin UsesOlefin Uses Apparel Apparel

Sports & active wear, socks, thermal underwear; lining fabrics. Sports & active wear, socks, thermal underwear; lining fabrics. Home Furnishing Home Furnishing

can be used by itself or in blends for indoor and outdoor carpets can be used by itself or in blends for indoor and outdoor carpets and carpet tiles, carpet backing. The fiber can also be used in and carpet tiles, carpet backing. The fiber can also be used in upholstery, draperies, wall coverings, slipcovers, and floor upholstery, draperies, wall coverings, slipcovers, and floor coverings. coverings.

Automotive Automotive interior fabrics, sun visors, arm rests, door and side panels, interior fabrics, sun visors, arm rests, door and side panels,

trunks, parcel shelfs, and resin replacement as binder fibers, trunks, parcel shelfs, and resin replacement as binder fibers, Industrial Industrial

In an industrial setting, olefin creates carpets; ropes, geo-textiles In an industrial setting, olefin creates carpets; ropes, geo-textiles that are in contact with the soil, filter fabrics, bagging, concrete that are in contact with the soil, filter fabrics, bagging, concrete reinforcement, and heat-sealable paper (e.g. tea- and coffee-reinforcement, and heat-sealable paper (e.g. tea- and coffee-bags). bags).

FiberglassFiberglass Glass fiber is formed when thin Glass fiber is formed when thin

strands of silica-based or other strands of silica-based or other formulation glass is extruded into formulation glass is extruded into many fibers with small diameters many fibers with small diameters suitable for textile processing suitable for textile processing

uses for regular fiber glass are uses for regular fiber glass are mats, building insulation, thermal mats, building insulation, thermal insulation, reinforcement, heat insulation, reinforcement, heat resistant fabrics, corrosion resistant fabrics, corrosion resistant fabrics, high strength resistant fabrics, high strength fabrics, aircraft bodies, cars and fabrics, aircraft bodies, cars and boat frames. boat frames.

A famous user in the UK was the A famous user in the UK was the Reliant Motor Company, which Reliant Motor Company, which used fiberglass for many of its used fiberglass for many of its vehicles. Fiberglass is also used in vehicles. Fiberglass is also used in orthopedic casts as an alternative orthopedic casts as an alternative to plaster casts to plaster casts

PolypropylenePolypropylene thermoplastic fibers derived from olefinsthermoplastic fibers derived from olefins Low moisture absorption Low moisture absorption Stain and soil resistant Stain and soil resistant Lowest static component of any man-made fiber Lowest static component of any man-made fiber Sunlight resistant Sunlight resistant Good washability, quick drying, unique wicking Good washability, quick drying, unique wicking Resilient, moldable, very comfortable Resilient, moldable, very comfortable one key disadvantage is that it is flammable one key disadvantage is that it is flammable fiber for carpet and upholstery and automobile fiber for carpet and upholstery and automobile

interior fabrics interior fabrics

Awnings and electric tape