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Dyes and Fibers

Carol LeBaron Chemistry and Art

February 15-17, 2004

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Nasa !ari te"tile, 400 C# $esist dyed

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Li%ht is made u& o' bands &' (aryin%

)a(elen%ths

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$e'letion

* !hite an only bebro+en u& by &risms or

by olorants suh as

&i%ments and dyes

* his sur'ae has no

olorant so the li%ht is

re'leted

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t an be 'ully absorbed by the sur'ae

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.r a trans&arent sur'ae may let all o' the

li%ht &ass throu%h or a olored sur'ae

may absorb &art o' the s&etrum

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Bands o' li%ht mi" to%ether to &rodue

li%hter olors

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A /blue sur'ae absorbs red, oran%e, and

yello) li%ht

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A /yello) sur'ae absorbs blue and (iolet

li%ht

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he &i%ment &rimaries absorb and re'let

di''erent ombinations o' olored li%ht

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nter'erene the +ind o' sur'ae li%ht hits

an a''et the )ay li%ht )a(es beha(e

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trutural Color

* ridesene

* Luminesene

* $e'ration

* Di''ration* Fluoresene

* 3hos&horesene

* aterials that li%ht hitsan ause a multitude

o' e''ets

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he nature o' 'iber a''ets the )ay li%ht

a&&ears

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Fiber re'lets, re'rats, absorbs and

di''uses

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he uniue olor &ro&erties o' 'iber

de&end on the interation o' 'abri

struture, dye a&&liation, and li%ht

/6umidity 20028

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3i%ments and Dyes

* A dye is a olorant that%oes into solution ordissol(es9 Dye&artiles brea+ a&art

into sin%le moleules* 3i%ment &artiles

remain lusteredto%ether in sus&ension

* Dyes ha(e a hemiala''inity 'or 'iber but&i%ments do not

3i%ment

&artiles

Dye

moleules

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3i%ments and Dyes

* 3i%ment moleulesarry their o)n olor

* hey do not unite )ith

'iber moleuleshemially and must

be 'i"ed to the 'ibers

)ith bondin% a%ents

* n man made 'ibers&i%ments an be mi"ed

into the 'iber solution

be'ore it is 'ormed

* Dyes mi%rate out o' thesolution, are absorbed intothe 'iber, and di''use 'romthe sur'ae o' the 'iberto)ard its enter9 herethey either: Bond hemially )ith 'iber

moleules

.$

: $eat hemially )ith 'ibermoleules to &rodue&ermanent, enlar%ed olored'iber moleules

* Both situations are&ermanent

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Dye moleules must be 'irmly 'i"ed to

'iber

Chain 'iber

moleule

Dye

moleules

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A ne%ati(e dye moleule lin+s )ith a &ositi(e 'iber

moleule at a dye site9 he &roess is a''eted by

sur'ae har%e, tem&erature, and a%itation9 Di''erent

'ibers ha(e di''erent numbers o' dye sites9 !ool 'iber has

1000 dye sites, sil+ has 100, and otton has less than 10

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Assembly o' dye moleules at the 'iber

sur'ae

* !hen soa+ed in )ater all 'ibers auire an eletri&otential or sur'ae har%e

* Cellulosi 'ibers auire ne%ati(e har%es

* 3rotein 'ibers auire both &ositi(e and ne%ati(ehar%es, de&endin% on the &6 o' the )ater

* Aid solutions hel& brea+ do)n &rotein 'ibers toallo) dye sites aess to the dye

* Cellulose 'ibers must be soa+ed in al+aline solution* alt is used to set u& eletrial mo(ement that

initiates the mo(ement o' dye moleules in searho' a restin% &lae on the 'iber

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.ne the dye moleule enters the 'iber, it

has a a hemial reation )ith it9 t is

enlar%ed, )hih &re(ents its e"it9

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Color is &rodued )hen a di(ided

moleule is united9

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Aid Dyes

* ;sed mainly on )ool, sil+, and nylon