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Page 1: Fictional Creature Propagates Reality Undergraduate Thesis by David J Pearson

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INFRASTRUCTURAL PUBLIC/PRIVATE EQUALIZING

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contributing unknowingly

Smout Allen

Patrick Blanc

Anthony Browell

BBC

Carol J. Burns

Edward Burtynsky

Peter Cook

Gilles DeleuzeAnnie Dillard

Bob Dylan

Grafti Research Lab

Félix Guattari

Mitchell Joachim

Andrea Kahn

Louis Kahn

Ted Kane

Søren Kierkegaard

Rem Koolhaas

Manuel de LandaMaya Lin

Karl Marx

Bruce Mau

Ian McHarg

New York Times

Friedrich Nietzsche

Joyce Carol Oates

Enrique Peñalosa

Ayn Rand

Francois Roche

Fernando RomeroBruce Sterling

Kelly Slater

United States Marine Corps

Leo Tolstoy

Kurt Vonnegut

Tom Wiscombe

Lebbeus Woods

many thanks

Robert Arens

Gerardo Ayala

Lisa Coffman

Bob Condia ------

Juan Elvira

Terry Hargrave

Marc Neveu

Vuk PavicevicMatt Ritter

Ralph Roesling

Clayton Taylor

Cody Williams

Cal Poly San Luis Obispo

“i can not teach you how to be an architect, but i can teach you how to think

like an architect.”

a SPILL publication-soirée

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and of course:

Mikaela SpielmanIan Slover

Studio 400

Karen Lange

Cathy, John, Tommy,

and Geordy Pearson

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Cor r upt ideologies andr eligiousbelief s 

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continue toheadus towar d [un]char ted ter r itor y

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 I N F E R S T R U C T U R E  an infrastructure that infers 

rather than from explicit}

S U P R A S T R U C T U R E  an infrastructure that refers 

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  {to deduce or conclude from evidence and reasoning

 

{to someone or something mentioned above or earlier}

How does infrastructure affect the

democratic nature of space/place?

How will I study it?

Here is my response.

[a thesis process]

Theodore Judah

Architect of the rst TranscontinentalRailroad

infrastructure is the basic physical and organizational structures

and facilities needed for the operation of a society or enterprise

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Moder n cultur e of  commer ce and 

cir culation has r eplaced the r oaming 

hunter -gather er  cultur e of  the past. 

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Results of commerce/circulation

very beginning As individual and societal relationships formed,

partitions emerged to regulate activity within the open system. As

the partitions increased, the openness of the system decreased. To-

day, a blatant distinction exists between the roaming open system of private enterprise and the circulating closed system of the individual.

i  n t  r  o d  u c  t  i   on :  b  e  gi  nni  n g s  >

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RESEARCH (fall+) pp. 6-181

PROCESS (winter+) pp. 182-295

MODEL (spring) pp. 296-355

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I N F E R S T R U C T U R A L public/private equalizing 

S T U D I O 4 0 0

cal 

david j pearson

RESEARCH

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  {camp pendleton marine corps base, san diego, ca}

  Karen L a n g e

  2008-09 p a r t i a l c o m p l e t i o n o f b a r c h.  poly 

i n t r o d u c t i o n ( 1 )

  beginnings [very] 12

nding...[?] 20

abstract beg. 22

i n f r a s t r u c t u r e / d a i s y ( 2 8 )

m a t e r i a l e x p e r i m e n t s ( 3 6 )

  1:Self-Organization of a Closing System 40

2:(Re)growth 44  3:Frozen 48

4:Hydroponics 50

Open/Closed Systems Denitive Essay 52

c a s e s t u d i e s ( 5 6 )

  CCTV Building by OMA: Beijing, China 57

San Diego: contained 65

Ad Study Billboards: I-8 CA to AZ 77

f u t u r e f o r e c a s t : a l w a y s h a z y ( 8 7 )

  who will be china’s china? / RepRap 88technology & intentions 94

h o l e s ( 9 8 )

s a n p e d r o : c i t y a m i d s t ( 1 0 5 )

  mapping site, mapping history/anti-market 108

vellum: topo light box 117

s i t e c h a n g e s ( 1 2 2 - 3 3 )

i n t r o d u c i n g s i t e / i s s u e s ( 1 3 4 )

24 hour 146

hydrology 158

p r o g r a m ( 1 6 2 )

s o c i o l o g i c a l i n t e r m i s s i o n ( 1 7 0)

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1. how does infrastructure affect the democratic nature of place?

/how is democratic participation experienced amidst infrastructure?

/what boundaries does infrastructure impose?

/what does physical infrastructure serve?/what does digital infrastructure serve?

 b  e  gi  nni  n g , wi   t  h 

 q u e  s  t  i   on s  >

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change My experience is now world-around…I have been op-

erating on the philosophical premise that all thoughts and ex-

periences can be translated much further than just into words

and abstract thought patterns. I saw that they can be translatedinto patterns which may be realised in various physical pro-

  jections - by which we can alter the physical environment it-

self and thereby induce other men to subconsciously alter their

ecological patterning…none of the other species have altered

their ecological patterning…in the last half century man has

graduated from a local 12-mile radius daily domain into a world

around multi-thousand mile radius daily domain…as a conse-

quence of his ability to alter his own ecological patterning…”

From Education Automation, Carbon-dale, 1962 by [Richard Buckminster Fuller]

i  n t  r  o d  u c  t  i   on :  w

h  e r  e i  ’   v e f   o un d m y s  e l  f   >

Beginning sketch, sea change

[re]source

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Where privatized space has encroached on public space, a public free-

dom has been lost. Public space is no longer democratic. Our vertical

space is private; our public space is horizontal. Private ees horizontal.

Private is sustained by primarily horizontal circulation. Urban space is

largely seen as public space. However, circulation is predominantly

based and constructed for the speedy exchange of resources by private institutions.

Circulation in modern western society is a byproduct of the exchange of re-

sources. As opposed to the hunter-gatherer cultures of the past where roaming

in an open system included the search and acquisition of resources, modern cul-ture in its relation to movement deals with the optimized exchange of resources

by private institutions. Our current culture relies on movement within a closed

system i.e. circulation. The roaming of the past has been replaced by the oc-

casional search for innovation when anti-market commoditization or the com-

moditization of goods used to manipulate consumer needs rather than provide

innovation has failed. The closest resemblance to roaming today is “shopping”

which operates on a much smaller scale with little connection to the resource

acquiring open system but rather to an individual’s own desire for consumables.

Rather than the roaming behavior of the past we deal in speedy exchanges be -tween static bodies.

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 <i  n t  r  o d  u c  t  i   on :  a 

 b  s  t  r  a  c  t   b  e  gi  nni  n g

These static bodies constitute the private realm where a “few large

enterprises run by a strict hierarchy of managers” controls and sets

prices in what is essentially a society of “mini-Soviet Unions” or

command economies where a few large enterprises run by a hierar-

chy of managers command prices and predetermine as much as pos-

sible.1

The existing topography of the urban North American city

is not democratic. Private enterprise ees upward to the skyscrapersearching for what has been lost in nature and distancing them from

where the last democratic behavior might lie, in the movement of 

peoples. The elevator ascends higher and higher to recapture the

light, the views, and the smell of a place unfettered by cars and edi-

ce. Below, what has been left in many areas is urban space where

circulation converges, cuts through and ows along side open pub-

lic space as a result of its optimization by private institutions. This

command circulation encroaches on the denition of public and pri-

vate space and the boundaries or layers between the two.

In some places we have circulation and we have no public space. In

others, the public space we do have only exists with the stipulation

to buy something. These public spaces lack any cultural substrate,

the place to stop, to observe, to think, to catch one’s breath amidst

it all. But, the best areas of our cities have a beautiful diversity of 

circulation among public and private space. Subway entrances peel

back along the street where a newspaper kiosk lies across the street

from a small park.

Oil derrick resourceacquisition

From An Interview with Manuel de Landa

( h t t p : / / t 0 . or . a t / d e l a n d a / in t d e l a n d a . h t m/ )

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Capitalist webs capture resourcesin an open system to feed into

boxes.

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acquisition

transportation

port of los angeles - 1872

machining landscape

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exchange

waste

i  n t  r  o d  u c  t  i   on :  b  e  gi  nni  n g s  >

resourcesare gathered, marshlands are pressed into ports, small men

in dark rooms exchange them numerically, more pressing and pen-

etrating is made to transport them, the waste is transported over thegreat recycling medium of the pacic ocean to china, waste gathers.

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This paper will be about infrastructure. It is not the tie that binds.

The other part will be about the daisy, although the daisy itself is gen-

eral.

We have chosen to structure the earth, to do so in an attempt to better partition

our tasks and gain access to the resources that sustain us. We have done so

through technology. At all scales, our environments are measured so as to betterunderstand them; striated so as to draw abstract lines across the earth and con-

trol the area within those lines; and independently or as a result of the previous,

stratied so as to predict and rule those within the lines. Through these actions

we have set up conditions of prediction. This will be the simplied version and

perhaps, that is the only way to tell it because we all make up our own.

The smooth space of the earth has always been such. Entities ow in and out of 

each other, transforming, mutating, and growing. These entities are experienced

fragmentary but in reality exist dependent of each other. The behavior deningtheir relationships is smooth and thus the earth is smooth. It is self-involved,

although extremely supportive to the human, which assigns its individual parts

(Left)Map of Pre-Interstate USHighway System, 1955. Mostroutes are still in use and well-

maintained.

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 <i  nf  r  a  s  t  r  u c  t   ur  e  :  a h i   s  t   or  y , a  t   t  i   t   u d  e  , &h i  n t  

value. This inevitably leads to structuring or striation as Deleuze and

Guattari have established.1 They establish the notion of a smooth

and striated space. The rst, the smooth is represented as the nomadspace where the war machine roams seeking to territorialize. The

second is the striated space, where the state develops seeking to rule

territory through assigning value and then structuring.

At a larger scale, the earth appears as two surfaces, the moiré of 

the mountains ows into green patches of the valleys, and the only

distinction arises where water meets land, the gold sand juxtaposed

against the rich blue of the sea.2 The surface of the earth is a ux,

a rich gradient of blending and competing forces. Today, the Inter-state System is one continuous surface.

1924: the Bureau of Public Roads is called upon to investigate the

possibility of creating a system of standardized highways. A grow-

ing automobile population brought on by the mass production tech-

niques of Henry Ford is leading to an increased mobility. Dirt paths

are no longer providing the medium needed to move across the na-

tion. They lead along a trail of history. Where a carriage or train

makes its way across the country, early settlers took route. That ischanging. National defense calls for the swift transport across a

great nation, and no trail of history allows that in car and it certainly

does not allow planes to land along them.

250 uniquely named roads confuse drivers and passengers alike.

In 1925, the Bureau of Public Roads “joins with states to create

[the] U.S. numbered highway system for marking the main inter-

state highways.”3 Names such as the Lincoln Highway, the Oregon

Trail, and the Santa Fe Trail will be assigned numbers despite the

1 A Thousand Plateaus: Capitalism and Schizophrenia. Pp. 474-500.

2 A quick glance at Microsoft’s Live Search Maps from 50 miles above the earth,

demonstrates two surfaces: a smooth blue sea and a wide reaching spectrum of land.

Strip away the water and all is land. Or as the effect of global warming, ood the

land and all is water. Water’s nature allows it to constantly slip along the surface of 

the earth. (maps.live.com)

Earth, water, air, and re compose the Greek classical view of the elements. This

brings to mind the issue of scale. Only with the microscope’s minutiae of scale do

we have our contemporary view of the 117 elements. In fact, currently we know

water as two atoms of hydrogen covalently bonded to one oxygen atom. There ismore to be discovered. There is more already documented that our instruments have

not told us.

3 Four years of thinking, confusion, and deliberation and the numbered system was

created. It not only leads to an increased understanding between states as to what

roads cross state line but to a call for increased cooperation between states, private

individuals, and the federal government in the construction of roads. U.S. Depart-

ment of Transportation website (http://www.tfhrc.gov/pubrds/spring96/p96sp44.

htm)

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public’s nostalgic resentment of changing names into impersonal numbers.

“Why no, sir you may not change my dear Lincoln Highway to 30. I,

by dear resent that.” A small town hall meeting erupts in applause as a

 petite woman in a red pea coat stammers in condence.

“Well, Miss. It is a matter of national security and of course efciency.

Our meandering roads are just too confusing.” The commissioner’s tone

relays an understanding of a great effort underway.

“Confusing? Confusing is when the bread comes out of the oven past due

and is still doughy, mister commissioner.”

“Please now, just settle down….”

===

We add strata to the earth. Laying layer upon layer then expect that it will not grow.

But it does, despite our impervious surfaces of asphalt and concrete. Although water

runs off these surfaces and into storm drains, the little water that percolates through

springs seeds to life. The daisy grows through the cracks it forms or that we have

formed through use. The material of the earth is not so pliable. It is not submissive.

We call them weeds and spray them. The pesticide soaks into their leaves and they

die. Their seeds, however, do not leave. They stay. A tree pushes through another

crack. And if its roots are strong enough, pavers are pushed aside, sidewalks are

lifted, and a at plane becomes a hinge pinned around the root of an elm.

In the earliest days of transportation in the United States, there was no need to lay

down a suffocating surface. The railroads of the 1800’s and today are two tracks

laid upon a series of ties, typically wood. Between the ties, especially of rarely used

tracks, grow grasses and weeds. Alongside the tracks, trees grow. Perhaps, it is the

touching the earth lightly attitude that has led to the emergence of a railroad ecology.

Where small watersheds from improperly drained roadbeds create articial wetlands,

hardy vegetation results. Vegetation that responds well to occasional clear cutting

and herbicide may actually ourish.

During these early days, the daisy grew openly, much like before the infrastructure

running through it. Its only impediments were that it not sprout beneath a tie. When

it did though, it simply grew around. It could do so. But, infrastructure grew with

little impediment. While the daisy’s system was slowly closing, infrastructure’s was

expanding. And the individual, their only impediments were personal.

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And today what would happen if our infrastructure was inferred from the natural

infrastructure about us? Would the buildings re-wild themselves and a smoothecosystem emerge? Or maybe it is human nature that will always seek to structure

and our best approach is to structure efciently.

1938: The seed for the future Interstate System is planted. President Franklin D.

Roosevelt calls on the Bureau of Public Roads to conduct a study of the feasibility

of a toll nanced system of three east-west and three north-south superhighways.4 

These studies will be known as the Dwight D. Eisenhower National System of 

Interstate and Defense Highways. Studies lter in and around the bureau. One

thing is evident; a toll network would not be self-supporting. The report sug-

gests a 26,700-mile toll-free network connecting all states President Franklin D.Roosevelt bellows a need for:

 

[A] special system of direct interregional highways, with all necessary-

4 U.S. Department of Transportation website (http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/reports/routender/index.htm)

(Above) Natural strata of Laguna Beach,San Juan Capistrano, and Camp Pendletonarea. Little variation in strata compositionis presented relative to the distance betweeneach measured section (a-b: 8 miles; b-c: 17miles). This suggests a smooth gradient be-

tween areas.

4 U.S. Department of Transportation website (http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/reports/routender/index.htm)

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connections through and around cities, designed to meet the requirements

of the national defense and the needs of a growing peacetime trafc of 

longer range.5 

His call is answered later after a series of studies and speculation linger through

Congress. The rst formal model for an interstate highway system is reported in

Congress.

On a typical cold November day of 1942 the sun’s appearance is decreas-

ing in Big Delta, Alaska day by day as a crude but traversable road is

completed. Army engineers and civilian contractors celebrate in unison.

They are the rst team to complete a highway after FDR’s call. Built 

between Dawson Creek, British Columbia and Big Delta; the Alaska

 Highway covers 2,300 kilometers connecting a chain of strategic military

airelds.

==

Perhaps the problem is the daisy is unpredictable. Is it not amazing that it lives in

those cracks? Its yellow dotted center and rich white petals rising out of gray weath-

ered pavement and cold concrete lie to us about its origins. What does it look like

below that surface? Isn’t the world beneath much different? The root system of a

large tree forms an intense overlapping and interconnecting network of brous mat-

ter. Instead of the open unlimited growth above earth, we can envision the structure

and nutrients that bring it life; the support system, that if severed from brings about

the real collapse and eradication of the plant.

The daisy is common in Europe. It grows within the small breaks created in our sur-

faces and is labeled invasive. Are the surfaces invasive? It is where and the manner

in which they are laid that is invasive.

Have we created a series of arks, places amidst the slivers of infrastructure where

species in small numbers are growing 2 by 2? If the daisy is coming up through the

5 Although Roosevelt’s political opponents deemed his words as part of a “master plan” or “another

ascent into the stratosphere of New Deal jitterbug economics,” Roosevelt feared a relapse of the GreatDepression after American soldiers returned from the war looking for jobs. (“Federal-Aid Highway Act

of 1956, Creating the Interstate System: Public Roads,” Weingroff, Richard F., Summer 1996, v. 60, no.

1)

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35

cracks of pavement, how does it grow alongside it or between two rows of pave-

ment?

1956: President Eisenhower creates the Highway Trust Fund through his signature

on the Federal-Aid Highway Act. The Highway Trust Fund will provide the mech-anism for nancing the Interstate System. It will allow the smooth operation of 

funding between the states who need it and the federal government. Ultimately, the

act will resolve the problem of how to fund interstate building without creating a

decit in the U.S. Treasury’s General Fund. Self-nancing will be created through

the application of a federal gas tax and other motor vehicle taxes. Automobile

infrastructure has been standardized.

American Association of State Highway and Transportation Ofcials declare:

The standards include a minimum of four 12-foot wide travel lanes, a

minimum shoulder width of 10 feet, full control of access, and design

speeds of 50 to 70 miles per hour (depending on the type of terrain).6 

=

We live in a top-down world, meaning our infrastructure is deterministic rather

than free. Our nomadic ancestors roamed the earth in an open system. What they

needed was the world in front of them. Their resources, their nutrients, their sus-tenance for survival passed directly from the earth to the mouth. Today is much

6 U.S. Department of Transportation website (http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/reports/routender/index.htm)

Infrastructure Party

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different. Our current thinking favors predetermined control.

The daisy grows through the cracks. Before there was the single continuous surfaceof pavement, there was the wild. The daisies grew up along side the evergreen and

the evergreen’s needles littered the ground beneath it. Man existed similarly. He

roamed. Along came structuring and man’s desire to partition tasks and hold power

over others rather than over food. Through the measuring of phenomena, stratifying

of the earth, and the striating of behavior, mankind has purpose because what is to

be done is known.

Geography is the medium of infrastructure. Why is the medium so unknown to us?

Just as a great painter knows the technical limits of the brush and the mysterious ac-

cidents of the canvas, geography is the trampled medium. It is forgotten. It is clear

that cars dominate the ground. The earth could be wrapped 225 times around its cir-

cumference by the 3,974,107 miles of highway in the U.S. And this seems warranted

because “Americans travel 1,100,000,000 miles in one day. Equal to 4,605 trips to

the moon per day.”7 Whether in our cities or our suburbs, roads comprise an impen-

etrable continuous surface that ignores what lies beneath it and in doing so what is

alongside it for the ‘practical’ method of disposing of water is by quick runoff. The

mobility of the car has allowed us to go places without any understanding. Man-

kind’s understanding of nature is changing. Nature is not an external reference point,

but in fact an inhabitable ever changing surface less volume of hinges, pulleys, and

pins existing in behaviors unknown and known. And we are a part of it. Simply, it

is complex. Unlike the views of the past and the conquering of nature like Professor

Challenger,8 we do not need to hear the earth scream any longer. We can hear it.

7 Skycar City, p.33

8 Felix Guattari ’s reference to Sir Arthur Conan Doyle ‘s When the World Screamed in his book Three

Ecologies. It is the story of a man convinced the earth is a sentient being and with a big enough machine

he can awaken it. He drills towards the center of the earth until the earth screams and then the awakened

creature proceeds to destroy his machine. Guattari argues for a philosophy of ecology which he terms

‘ecosophy.’

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National Roadless Map

This map shows per-capita “roadless volume” (RV) or the volume of area with -

out roads by county for the contiguous United States. Some counties have high

RV overall but low per-capita RV; for example, some counties contain metropolitan

areas closely juxtaposed with mountains, desert or extensive wetlands. This map

demonstrates the overall connectivity of the US.

0.0000 - 0.0035

0.00336 - 0.0062

0.0063 - 0.0135

0.0136 - 0.0203

0.0204 - 0.0305

0.0306 - 0.0464

0.0465 - 0.0735

0.0736 - 0.127

0.128 - 0.224

0.225 - 0.380

0.381 - 0.768

0.769 - 1.669

1.670 - 11.90 km3/person

per capita RV

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Detail view of semi-rigid/semi-pliable

plant structure “ball”

   M  a   t  e  r   i  a   l   E  x  p  e  r   i  m  e  n   t  s   >

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Step One: Pour water in

Step Three: Observe resulting self-organization

Step Two: Pour water out

Images of Procedure

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origins and followings The idea for these experiments

came unintentionally. As the result of preparing herb wa-

ter in a cylindrical container, I noticed the mint stems provid-

ing the avor were balling up after multiple pours. Togeth-

er, the shape of the container, gravity, and the repeated pours

“balled” the cut stems into one semi-rigid pliable structure.Inadvertently, I had removed the plant stems from its organizing

matter (material growth) and agitated it to form a bottom-up self 

organizing structure (semi-rigid structural “ball”).

Lars Spuybroek investigates the self organizing tendencies of mate-

rials. Spuybroek sets into motion a series of events that:

First, isolate the material through selection,

Second, agitate the material in what he calls the mobiliza-

tion phase,Third, observe the self-organization through the consolida-

tion of the

system

Fourth, allow the resulting architectural morphology to

take place

In an attempt to elaborate upon the fourth phase Spuybroek explains,

I set about the regrowth of the plant stems as organized as structural

“ball.” The following experiments attempt to freeze the experiment atmultiple stages to better understand the resulting structure and to re-

grow the plant as a more complex open system that provides the plants

with their necessary nutrients in an increasingly dense meshwork ball.

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   <   E  x  p  e

  r   i  m  e  n   t   1  :   S  e   l   f  -   O  r  g  a  n   i  z  a   t   i  o

  n  o   f  a   C   l  o  s   i  n  g   S  y  s   t  e  m

procedure:

1. Cut stems from open system of plant of 6-7” in length

2. Place cut plant matter in glass jars

3. Fill jar with refrigerated water

4. Allow xylem to absorb water, let stand 18 hours in refrig-

erator away from light

5. Pour water out repeatedly twice a day

6. Repeat over series of days

hypothesis:

Severing a plant at lengths along its stem will stop the open growing

system or “the characteristic state of the living organism” (Ludwig

von Bertalanffy). Although no change of the plant’s components

will occur, only the decomposition, there is a structural behavior to

be observed. As plants dry, wither, and die they may curl or break

apart loosely. Thus, placing these plants in water slows the process

of death (possibly inciting new life) and allows water and any dis-

solved minerals to ow through the xylem of the plant to all parts

of the cut piece. This, of course, ignores the plant’s other necessary

nourishments: light energy, food & metabolites.

Will the plant slowly die and come together or will new life sprout?What forces cause the plant material to ball together to become semi rigid yet pliable?

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Simple Weave of Jar 3

Weave with perpendicular 3rd element of Jar 1

description Jars 1 and 3 demonstrated the best results. Jars 2 and 4

did not produce the ball like effect that I was looking for and were

aborted. 1 and 3 produced fairly rigid networks based on friction

connections where stems crossed. Although neither became balls

as desired each demonstrated self organizational characteristics. Jar

3’s materials formed a simple weave. Jar 1’s slightly more complex

weave included the introduction of a third element crossing theweave perpendicularly. Zip ties fastened the friction connections

where stems crossed. This created exible connections although

freezing the plant in place.

None of the plants had new life sprout, although it is very possible

that they could root given more time.

   M  a   t  e  r   i  a   l   E  x  p  e  r   i  m  e  n   t   1  :   R  e  s  u   l   t  s  a  n   d  r  e  s  p  o  n  s  e   >

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45

Santa Margarita River

Base Housing

Intervening at the site of acquisition Intervening at the site of exchange and waste

East Elevation

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procedure:

1. Procedure of Experiment 1

2. Make small cut in plant stem, exposing phloem and xylem,

but not severing

3. Apply Rootone (articial rooting hormone)

4. Place 2 specimens in humidier (high humidity, warm

temperature environment); leave other 2 in typical green

house environment5. Compare effects of different environments after 1 week

6. Place successful roots in Jiffy pots (soil rooting medium)

7. Provide water and nutrients for newly rooted plants

hypothesis:

I returned to the mint after the rst experiment, realizing that mint

provides the right amount of exibility in its stems to create the struc-

tural “ball.”

From the results of the rst experiment, rooting is possible if kept in a

moist environment away from light. Thus, by covering the plants and

keeping them in a moist environment they should root. The applica-

tion of Rootone should increase the odds of this rooting and speed

up the rooting process. The specimens placed in the humidier willnot fare as well given the plant’s preferred climate is cold and moist

rather than hot and moist.

Which specimens will fare better: those in the humidier or those in the typical green-

house environment?What medium will be necessary to continue the plants’ growth once rooted? Will the Jiffy pots provide the nutrients

needed?

   <   M  a   t  e  r   i  a   l   E  x  p  e  r   i  m  e

  n   t   2  :   (   R  e   )  g  r  o  w   t   h   >

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47

Plant specimen, Cutting Instrument, Rootone articial rooting hormone

(Left) Plant specimen removed from container with possible rooting points located.

(Bottom) Cuts made into stems at determinedpossible rooting points so as to not sever 

xylem and phloem.

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Peppermint and Gingermint zip tied

Gingermint Living due to intact roots

 

Semi desiccated

desiccate or live: Despite the high humidity of the hu-midier, the temperature it contained desiccated the

Spearmint and Peppermint specimens beyond root-

ability and They were abandoned.

The Peppermint and Ginger mint combination and the

Ginger mint however, did root. The typical green-

house environment served best for the development of 

rooting. It’s important to note the Ginger mint speci-

men’s state. Because its roots were left attached, it

had a much more likely chance of surviving. How-ever, it was surprising to see it root in multiple places

along its stem, since its root system was already very

developed. It had been assumed that a root system

as big as its own would have drawn all the nutrients

it needed and not allowed the stems to root. The two

specimens that demonstrated the most potential had

developed 3 sufcient rooting areas to where a Jiffy-

pot could be placed as a medium to allow the nutrients

needed to circulate through the plant.

   M  a   t

  e  r   i  a   l   E  x  p  e  r   i  m  e  n   t   2  :   R  e  s  u   l   t  s

  a  n   d  r  e  s  p  o  n  s  e   >

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49

Spearmint

Peppermint

Nearly desiccated

Desiccated

3 Successful rooting beginningsplaced in Jiffy pots (Peppermint &Ginger mint)

3 Successful rooting beginningsplaced in Jiffy pots (Ginger mint)

The Pack: 1.5 Months Later Multiple Sproutings

The Pack: 1.5 Months Later 1 Jiffy Pot is Showing New Life

The Pack: 1.5 Months Later (Re)growth

Separated from the Pack

1.5 Months Later: the Zip tied

Combo and the Ginger mint

with intact roots, are showinglife. The Ginger mint shows less

life. This is most likely because

its roots were left attached and

continued to pull nutrients in. It

had a greater system to support

than the Ziptie Combo. The Zip-

tie quickly loss life in its original

stems and nutrients were then fo-

cused on the newly rooting life.

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   <   M  a   t  e  r   i  a   l   E  x  p  e  r   i  m

  e  n   t   3  :   F  r  o  z  e  n

procedure:

Experiment 3: Attempting to “freeze” the plant ball structure in

order to more carefully observe its structure.

1. Procedure of Experiment 1

2. Remove ball from container and ziptie friction joints

where plant

stems cross in order to maintain ball structure

3. Heat glycerin soap to the point of liquidness

4. Dip ball in glycerin soap several times, waiting a few seconds after each dip to allow soap to thicken, much like

the dipping of a wick during the candle making process

What will the structural system essentially be?

Will it prove to be more complex or less?Will the ball lose its spatiality?

results the frozen ball, although not very

useful beyond its one state, reveals a simple

structural systemof overlapping

arches. The freez-

ing process loses

its spatiality.

(left)beginning “semi-struc-

tural plant ball after zipty-

ing to loosely x the ball”

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   <   M  a   t  e  r   i  a   l   E  x  p  e  r   i  m  e  n   t   4  :

   H  y   d  r  o  p  o  n   i  c  s

one source

multiple sources

procedure:

Experiment 3: (Re)growth by Hydroponics [a crude start]

1. Procedure of Experiment 1

2. Add dissolved Rootone to container

3. Remove ball from container forming ball and place in

glass jar to allow light to enter and photosynthesis to occur

3. Fill bottom of jar 1/4” up with dissolved nutrients to

allow solution to humidify the container and feed multiple

parts of the plant.4. Observe

currently this method has incited new growth in the form of small

strong stems. However, the method of feeding the plants is inef-

fective. A device must be developed to feed the roots systems withmobility.

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53new sprouts

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  The basic state o the cell and the organism is a steady state. Compared tothe closed systems o equilibrium, the organism continually maintainsitsel through the exchange o materials in its environment.  This

system acts equifnally, meaning the system may reach the same fnal state

rom varying initial conditions.1 Closed systems however cannot act in such

a manner.

The plant became a device to study the nature of closed and open systems. De-veloped in order to test an ongoing conceptual model through physical material-

ity; the procedure followed this path:

1. Opening system of living rooted plant;

2. Closing system of cut stems; closed system of “ball” structure;

3. Opening system of re-rooting “ball” structure;

4. Opening system of living plants.

Thus, the procedure not only opened and closed, but multiplied through thepropagation of the cut stems forming the structure “ball.”

Parallel to this model as an operating premise was the induced closing system of 

the plant as the individual’s closed system of his/her environment. The critique

of modern society, as a closing system on the individual basis, led to actions

within the plant model, mimicking those of society over time. Therefore, the

open roaming culture of the past, with the individual less removed from the re-

source origin, became that of the living rooted plant: stage one.

The closing system of cut stems resembled the assembling of partitions. The

roaming culture gradually subsided as partitions were formed denoting individ-

ual job placement. These partitions, although based on efciency and increasing

levels of human comfort and stability, further removed the individual from the

resource origin. Gradually, the openness of the system on the individual level

abated.

Contemporary society stands at a threshold. Technological means are allow-

ing for the third stage: the re-rooting of society through the increasingly dense

meshwork of the virtual. Obviously, few people in contemporary society are

living in direct relation to the resources they acquire through “shopping.” But,

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M a  t   e r i   a l  E x p e r i  m e n t   :  O p e n /   C l   o s  e  d  s  y s  t   e m s  >

through our increase in knowledge by means of an informing internet , decisions

regarding where our resources come from and by which exploitative means they

are extracted, individuals can again establish a connection to resources. This, of 

course, assumes the demand function of the market economy is in place. In ourcommand economy, this is hardly the case. Individual demand is replaced by

corporate command. Regardless, as Francois Roche points out, “a multitude of 

citizens is gradually taking over from the republic’s centralized authorities .”

Assuming a cyclical event, the plant will re-root in various locations and complex-

ities will arise. The open system of the past will be replaced by a more complex

open system of the present, where individual contingencies determine resource

use and exploitation with multiple sources feeding multiple roots. The virtual

network is and will ever more act as an extension of the body in its search for and

acquisition of the resources which sustain it. The virtual network becomes the

hand that gathered berries or that held the sickle.

Current infrastructural thinking suppresses the heart of this movement. The aris-

ing digital infrastructure must continually be made available to the mass public.

Because no multitude of citizens will overpower infrastructure of a few. Thank-

fully, digital infrastructure is a exible infrastructure. Compared to physical

infrastructure, the digital data space of resource exchange is highly mobile andadaptable.

Oil derrick resourceacquisition

Theory of Open Systems in Physics and Biology. Ludwig

Van Bertanlaffy. Science, New Series, Vol. 111, No. 2872

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“A system is closed if no material enters or leaves it; it is

open if there is import and export and, therefore, change

of the components.” 

Ludwig von Bertalanffy

A semi-pliable/semi rigid plant structure “ball” with roots

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Toil in the city: 2008

   C  a  s  e   S   t  u   d  y  :   C   C   T   V   B  u   i   l   d   i  n  g  :   B  e   i   j   i  n  g ,   C   h   i  n  a   >

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Both actual determinacy and architectural specicity nd parallels in the combi-

nation of freedom and law in contemporary society. An end goal becomes how to

react to the rigid and controlled specicity in order to create more humane space.

Specically, the work of Koolhaas has structured the elevator as a mechanism

“which promotes an open, liberating quality along with its consubstantial dis-

advantage of stiffness and inhumanity.”1 The architectural intent of the CCTV

Television Station and Headquarters in Beijing, China liberates program and user

1 Cortes, Juan Antonio. “Delirio y Más.” el croquis. no.131/132. Madrid : El Croquis Editorial, 2007.

The work of Rem Koolhaas/OMA actively investigates the resolution

between  “actual indeterminacy and architectural specicity.” This inquiry roots itself in these analogies: the relationship of specicity

and indeterminacy in urban context and the grid; and building and elevator.

(Left) Recently completed CCTV buildingamidst Olympic advertising, Central Business

District, Beijing, China(Middle and Center) Indeterminacy of socialgathering: Madrid’s La Noche en Blanco &

Specicity of grid: Manhattan 1847

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61

A looping liberator or a looping propaganda

machine of Chairman Mao? Broken record.

Interconnected loop of program andcirculation

CCTV Tower by OMA

through a thorough understanding of specicity and indeterminacy.

 

The Chinese government actively seeks totalitarian control. In op-

position to Koolhaas’ investigation of freedom within the rigid, thePeople’s Republic of China places emphasis on rigid law to control

the freedom and indeterminacy of the individual. They, Koolhaas

and China, are engaged in ambivalent notions of what is the correct

reaction to the polarity of law and freedom.

CCTV (Chinese Central Television), although reecting some inde-

pendence in regional issues, is subjected to the control of the State

Council of the People’s Republic of China. The commentary in

CCTV media is regulated by government policy, a governmentpolicy as propaganda machine. The CCTV building, designed by

Ole Scheeren and Rem Koolhaas, has become another part of the

propaganda engine of the People’s Republic of China. Its open and

democratic agenda in public use and accessibility is dwarfed by gov-

ernmental policy. Despite the best intentions of the architect, any

openness is subject to the discretion of the CCTV board of directors.

The building does not “actively engage the city space” as intended

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by OMA nor is it “freely accessible.” Any notion of a public plaza is

absconded by the governmental policy to restrict access to only com-

pany employees and cut off the two roads leading towards it from the

public. As propaganda for the People’s Republic of China, the building

is much more successful. Built in occurrence with the 2008 Beijing

Olympics, this symbol of freedom in program and user establishes an

openness incongruent with modern Chinese society. For the party in-

volved, the building portrays a governmental policy that is westward

leaning and increasingly free-market. The corporate or authoritarianplanned society envisioned in the international style would be much

more honest here.

For all this failure in reality, some very successful strategies are evi-

dent in CCTV as an object stripped from any tie to a place or soci-

ety. Koolhaas states, “the aim is to concentrate all the activity and

program in a single system, rather than to separate them and pull them

apart.” As opposed to the western world, whose sustenance relies on

the decentralized processes of goods and production, China is apt tocentralize process, program, and activity at all scales. CCTV combines

The CCTV building sits near the intersection of two main roads in

Beijing’s new Central Business District.The People’s Republic of China has

decided the two public roads that cutthrough the site be inaccessible to the

public.

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63

the production of television “in a loop of interconnected activ-

ity,” that includes administration and ofces; news and broad-

casting; program production and services. Seen as two towers

rising towards each other, the architectural systems close in on

themselves. Seen as one folding tower, the architectural systems

redistribute themselves. Both perspectives see the meeting of 

something, whether tower or redistributed system, at the 14 oor

overhanging cantilever that houses the management penthouse.

Program and circulation is orchestrated to induce a free ow of information. From a common nine-story platform, broadcasting

rises along one side and services, research, and education rise

along the other.

* All quotes not previously footnoted provided by http://www.oma.nl/

* It should be noted that since the writing of this commentary, the TVCC tower adjacent to the CCTV

building burned due to an unauthorized reworks display celebrating the end of the Chinese New Year on

February 9, 2009. One reghter died in the blaze and dozens were injured. Some worry that with the recent

blaze and the unoccupied Bird’s Nest after the 2008 Olympic Games, European architects will have trouble

obtaining work in China.

The CCTV building allows “spectacular views across the multiple facadestowards the Central Business District.” The People’s Republic of Chinawill no longer allow visitors. The enormous public plaza will no longer 

be public. It is restricted to company employees.

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The varying perspectives of CCTV(Clockwise) service?,spectacle, boom, looming,

propaganda.

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65

Despite its changing form throughout the city, oppression comes to mind rst.

  p  r  o  p  a  g  a  n   d  a

  s  e  r  v   i  c  e

   ?

boom

spectacle

looming

surface

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67

Aerial view of downtown San Diegowith green space of Balboa Park (top

center)

   C  a  s  e   S   t  u   d  y  :   S  a  n   D   i  e  g  o ,   C  a   >

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69

“The grid is above all, conceptual specu-lation. In Spite of its apparent neutral-

ity, it implies an intellectual program for

the island: in its indifference to topogra-

phy, to what exists, it claims the superi-

ority of mental construction over reality.”

[Rem Koolhaas]

Manhattan Grid and Lis-bon’s alfama

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San Diego Bay

City Center 

Airport

Coronado

Conv. Cntr 

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71

Diagramming the containingelements of the city: Airport, I-5

(diagonally across page), railyard, Coronado bridge, and San

Diego Bay

The infrastructure that sustains the mobility of people, goods,

and resources of San Diego is the infrastructure that contains

San Diego. Although this inhibits the city’s growth and is leading to an in-

creasing density, this container currently strangleholds the cultural activity

of the city through its isolation from local parks and the bay itself due to the

series of high rise hotels and the convention center that line the water’s edge.

Coronado Bridge

Rail yard

I -5

Balboa Park

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open space Big swaths of open reserve space lie to the

east and the Miramar Marine Corps Air Base sits be-

tween the north county region and the south and central

regions of San Diego County.

Balboa Park is the focal point of all park space in San

Diego. Unfortunately, it is severed from the city center

by the I-5. The only connections are vehicular bridges

spanning the I-5, incomplete to serve the needs of cy-

clists and pedestrians.

The city center has very few public spaces. The space

that is reserved for public is typically removed from the

circulation of the street or completely encroached upon

by it.

A strip with hotels and the convention center on two

sides follows the curvature of the bay’s coast. Thereare very few open public spaces (not heavily dened

by an edge).

Balboa Park is an interesting example of circulation

completely bound by an edge in its relationship to the

I-5 and 163.

I-5 and 163 (infrastructure) ; and relationship to Balboa Park (open space)

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73

Drawing open space and in-

frastructural inuences

Refuge

(Mts..., Sloughs, Canyons)

Military Open Space

Open Park or Reserve Space

Golf Courses

Infrastructural Cuts Inuencing Open Space

Water Bodies

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Dead Worm Pattern Interstate Inuence

Coronado Coastline GridDowntown N-S Grid

grid The linear movement of cars within San Diego is

dened by these 4 main road patterns: the downtown

north-south and east-west grid; the pacic coastline in-

uenced grid such as in Coronado and Pacic Beach;

the interstate inuenced grid such as the one shown here

in Golden Hill where the 94, 15, and the 805 converge

and diverge; and the typical dead worm pattern of com-

munities like Tierrasanta and the interior of La Jolla.

Their inuences are all clear here whether they be the

bay, the coastline, interstates, or goals of privacy.

This study uncovered some fundamental aspects of 

levels of public and private as they relate to vehicular

movement. Looking at the coast we see that although

there is a strong established grid in Coronado for exam-

ple. As we near the coast, roads become more organic

in an effort to create privacy.

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75

Major Arterial Connections

Grid

Parks

Grid Exceptions

Dead Worms

Drawing grid types, worms,and exceptions

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hierarchy A fault lies in the lack of hierarchy in the

streets. Street widths and completeness do not have a

strong hierarchy. Completeness being their totality as a

circulation route for pedestrians, cyclists, and cars.

ATM

ATM meeting public sidewalk Downtown N-S Grid

This container comprised of circulation/infrastructure is further broken

down in scale itself. The edges of the city strive for privacy amongst

its residents yet no shades between public and private exist. Thus public

easily breaches private and vice versa. Here we see the private ATM

meeting the public of the street.

San Diego Grid Hierarchy Plaza de España - Madrid

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77

Fig x.xDrawing grid types, worms,

and exceptions

   S  a

  n   D   i  e  g  o ,   C  a  :   i  n   f  r  a  s   t  r  u  c   t  u  r  e

  a  s  c  o  n   t  a   i  n  e  r

The result is no cultural substrate spaces,

meaning public places without the stipula-

tion to buy something, where this movement

can be observed or just a place to stop.

Alonzo Horton: speculator, en-

trepreneur, and eventual broke.

public/private The beautiful ingredient of San Diego is its circu-

lation, which ironically the greater infrastructure of the I-5, bay,

railyard and airport contains. These routes of circulation create

complex interactions of activity. Trolley lines cross streets, theMLK promenade follows the trolley line and the dining activity

along the Gaslamp produces a wonderful atmosphere for a pedes-

trian or a diner. However, this circulation unfortunately overruns

culture in other parts and leaves no cultural substrate, no place to

sit and observe these interactions without the stipulation to buy

something which can not activate space at all times.

From its conception by downtown San Diego city

founder, Alonzo Horton, the city was developed to maximize

prots. Horton sold small lots with no alleys focusing on cornerlots which could be sold for a higher price. The blocks were laid

with little hierarchy except for Broadway St. and Harbor

Dr. at 200 x 300 feet. These block sizes remain today.

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79

Scene of an overturned

Dodge Ram - Interstate 8,Arizona

   <   A   d   S   t  u   d  y   B   i   l   l   b  o  a  r   d  s  :   I  -   8   C   A   t  o   A   Z

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California

Mexico

Arizona

Gila Bend

178 miles

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81

driving This series of photographs were taken during a drive on Interstate 8

from the California/Arizona border to Gila Bend. Gila Bend is nicknamed the

crossroads of the southwest for its location at the “center of the wheel” of Ari-

zona highway transportation. Billboard advertising along this route generally re-

fers to regional and localized destinations. Corporations whose headquarters are

as far away as 5329 miles are also displayed. However, emphasis is on location

here and now. Signs command exit here, turn right, or simply an arrow points

the way. On a stretch of interstate with less cars than mile markers, billboards

for ipods and Nike shoes are less productive. In these areas local businesses or

corporations with a stake in the local economy are most likely to pay to display.

Television is much better suited for corporate advertising in rural regions.

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496

296

illeg-

296

00

0

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83

  231

196 182

2,511

2,511

 

0

0 0

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1969

 

00 646 

illeg-

Chev-Jack in the

0

0 0

0

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85

  2,485

2088

213

indetermi-

0

0

 

Applebee’sSub-

Dairy

Pizza HutBurger King

2,716

1,186

2,485

0

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Advertising Organization Reerence Location

  The Links at Coyote Wash Dateland, Az

RV Park/World Famous Date Shakes Dateland, Az

Holiday Inn Casa Grande, Az

Sun Land Inn/Robson Ranch Sun Lakes, Az

Arizona (“The Grand Canyon State Welcomes You”) Az/Ca Border

Grand Canyon Water Twr Mural Az/Ca Border

APS (clear channel) Phoenix, Az

Beaudry RV Tucson, Az

Prime Care 24 hr Urgent Care Yuma, Az

Sunset Vista Cemetery Yuma, Az

Southwestern Eye Center Yuma, Az

La Mesa RV Yuma, Az

Pacesetter Home Centers Yuma, Az

L. Candy Camarena Yuma, Az

American Red Cross USA

illegible illegible

Beaudry RV Tucson, Az

Premier Storage Yuma, Az

Bob Camel RV Sales Center Yuma, Az

Ed Whitehead’s Tire Country Yuma, Az

Shared Billboard Yuma, Az

Chevron

Jack in the Box

Food Exit - 12 Yuma, Az

Burger King

Pizza Hut

Dairy Queen

Subway

Applebee’s

Beaudry RV Tucson, Az

Westwind RV & Gol Resort Yuma, Az

New Sun Homes Yuma, Az

w.w.williams Columbus, Oh

Blue Sky RV Park Yuma, Az

YMCA Yuma, Az

Burger King Yuma, Az

Slide Your Pride indeterminate

  The Rancho Yuma, Az

Express Lube Car & RV Wash Yuma, Az

Dateland: World Famous Date Shakes Dateland, Az

  The Rancho Yuma, Az

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87

Distance (miles) Headquarters (Location/Distance) Suggestion

23 Same as Reerence Command

59 Same as Reerence Command

170 Denham, UK / 5329 Signaler

204 Same as Reerence Signaler

0 Arizona & Grand Canyon / 496 Welcome

0 Arizona / Grand Canyon / 496 Pride

177 San Antonio, Tx / 1104 Warning

231 Same as Reerence Signaler

0 Same as Reerence Signaler

0 Same as Reerence Command

0 Mesa, Az / 196 Signaler

0 San Diego, Ca / 182 Command

0 Huacama, Az / 296 Signaler

0 Same as Reerence Signaler

multiple Washington D.C. / 2511 Signaler

illegible illegible illegible

231 Same as Reerence Signaler

0 Same as Reerence Command

0 Same as Reerence Command

0 Same as Reerence Signaler

0 Command

San Ramon, Ca / 646

San Diego, Ca / 182

Command

Fountainbleau, Fl / 2485

Addison, Tx / 1186

Edina, Mn / 1990

Milord, Ct / 2716

Lenexa, Ks / 1512

231 Same as Reerence Signaler

0 Same as Reerence Immediate

0 Same as Reerence Signaler

2088 Same as Reerence Signaler

0 Same as Reerence Immediate

0 Chicago, Il / 1969 Signaler

0 Fountainbleau, Fl / 2485 Command

indeterminate indeterminate Signaler

0 Same as Reerence Signaler

0 Same as Reerence Signaler

50 Same as Reerence Signaler/Pride

0 Same as Reerence Command

Billboards are categorized as command, signaler, welcome, pride, or warning depending on the

nature of the advertisement.

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89

“Can’tcha read it?’ He opened the door very carefully, as if 

he were afraid it might fall off. He slid out just as careful-

ly, planting his feet rmly on the ground, the tiny metallic

world in his glasses slowing down like gelatine harden-

ing, and in the midst of it Connie’s bright green blouse.

‘This here is my name, to begin with,’ he said. ARNOLD

FRIEND was written in tarlike black letters on the side,

with a drawing of a round, grinning face that reminded

Connie of a pumpkin, except it wore sunglasses. ‘I wanta

introduce myself, I’m Arnold Friend and that’s my real

name and I’m gonna be your friend, honey, and inside

the car’s Ellie Oscar, he’s kinda shy.’ Ellie brought his

transistor radio up to his shoulder and balanced it there.

‘Now, these numbers are a secret code, honey,’ Arnold

Friend explained. He read off the numbers 33, 19, 17 and

raised his eyebrows at her to see what she thought of that,

but she didn’t think much of it. The left rear fender had

been smashed and around it was written, on the gleam-ing gold background: DONE BY CRAZY WOMAN

DRIVER. Connie had to laugh at that. Arnold Friend was

pleased at her laughter and looked up at her. ‘Around the

other side’s a lot more —you wanta come and see them?”

[Joyce Carol Oates - Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been?]

“An Old Friend” drawsus in by what we know,not what we don’t

   <   <

   F  u   t  u  r  e   F  o  r  e  c  a  s   t  :   A   l  w  a  y  s   H  a  z  y

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W H O W I L L B E C H I N A ’ S C H I N A ? 

ture that infers  {Infra means below, further on}

Structure means the arrangement of and relations

S U P R A S T R U C T U R E  an infrastructure that refers 

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91

  I N F E R F U T U R E - S T R U C T U R E  an infrastruc-

between the parts or elements of something complex}

  {to someone or something mentioned above or earlier}

Is a digital infrastructure, an infra-

structure? Are we leaving the days of

“infrastructure” connecting us? A digi-

tal “infrastructure” infers and densies.

[a thesis question]

Manufacturing #17,Deda Chicken Processing Plant,

Dehui City, Jilin Province, 2005Edward Burtynsky

holes “When you think about it, there’s a big hole

somewhere for every stone building on the planet.

There are holes on account of the Pyramids, the Par-

thenon, the Pont Neuf, and the Houses of Parliament.And there are holes because we like marble counter

tops, cobblestone streets and granite gravestones.”

Michael Mitchell

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(Top) Image of uorescent near-infrared-emissive polymersomesallow light to circulate longer incells and thus detect cancer sooner (Bottom) The RepRap developedby Adrian Bowyer and Vik Olliver 

is a self-replicating 3D printer.

So the RepRap project will allow the revolutionary ownership, by the prole-

tariat, of the means of production. But it will do so without all that messy and

dangerous revolution stuff, and even without all that messy and dangerous in-

dustrial stuff. Therefore I have decided to call this Darwinian Marxism.

- Adrian Bowyer

 

N A N O S C A L E T H I N K I N G L E A D S

scale

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93

Sterility is what people do need when they don’t know what’s happening on a microbial level. In

a biotech world, sterility is a confession of ignorance. It’s a tactic of desperation.

- Bruce Sterling from

Tomorrow Now

 

small thinking This thinking at the microbial level

and nanoscale are leading towards the harnessing

of the industrial nature of bacteria. The biotech

world of genetic modication and engineering is

industrializing microbial life through the exploita-tion of DNA and its reason for being: multiplying

and spreading.

Although not a perfect self-replicator, the RepRap

self-copies all the components needed to reproduce

it given its assembly by human hands. this partner-

ship of human and machine is analogous to that of 

wasp and ower. The RepRap accomplishes this

self replicating through the use of nano machineswhich compile atoms forming molecules, mol-

ecules forming compounds and so on up in scale,

until a full scale object is printed such as a laptop

or another self-replicating RepRap.

T O: H U G E C H A N G E S on the global

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the RepRap project will allow the

revolutionary ownership, by theproletariat, of . . .

Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) image of the production of nano-structures at different time intervals and temperatures

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95

The original idea of a Universal

Constructor was of a machine

that would both self-copy and

self-assemble - as a bacterium

or a daffodil do. The machine

I propose will self-copy, but

not self-assemble. In nature all

four possibilities exist: things

that neither self-copy nor self-

assemble, like rocks; things that

self-copy but don’t self-assemble,

like viruses; things that self-as-

semble but don’t self-copy, like

proteins; and nally things that

both self-copy and self-assem-

ble, like you and me. And you

and I are quite dexterous at as-

sembling machines that we wantSo the second alternative (self-

copying without self-assembly) is

economically and practically the

most interesting option.

- Adrian Bowyer

... the means of production.  RepRap, the tag name

for a self replicating rapid prototyper, will lead to the decentralization of 

industrial processes. It will, in short, allow the existence of a China on adesktop.

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technology

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97

technology is the resulting physical manifestation of 

man’s inquiry into the world through conceptualiza-

tion rather than experience. I have no in interest in re-

sponding to that which lies in the “future.” I understand

neither I nor science can predict future. Understandingsocial change becomes a very complex matter when all

individual decisions are concerned. The social change

that becomes the future is not simply the summation of 

individual decision. We of course live in a society, a

world, in which individual decision for one is not equal.

Of course the power players give us hints and make the

  job of determining the future easier, but the individual

decisions of many lie outside our grasp. So I respond

to now, to the present. I dwell here, I am happy here.

These ideas of future so immediately fail because theydate themselves. Francois Roche claims you can’t even

use the term future anymore. It is forever attached to the

60’s ideal of the future. Something of the Jetsons, space

wars, and plastic. I do not wish to envision the resulting

society based on a few technological advances. But as

Louis Kahn would point out, the unfamiliar thing may

not exist without already feeling that you need it.

“An axe is created by man, not by society.

But society leads him to produce the axe be-cause there is a certain need for it. At rst

the axe was not perfect. It probably fell off 

the handle and you had trouble lifting it. But

society demanded that it be developed--it

needed it.”1

 

We simply reinvent them, apply different scales to them.

The RepRap will not change the way in which we love.

It will give the industrial process to the proletariat after

the industrial process has been de-processed. What doyou say of that? After any sign of process, of making, is

deleted, the proletariat will be given it, and yet held even

more vulnerable to its makers.

1 Essential Texts. Louis Kahn.

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99

WHAT?!? You sweat when you shop? 

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theRESIDUAL

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101

the human

HOLES

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Burtynsky’s work evokes the sublime of altered landscape by

humans.

 

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103

double image As Rem Koolhaas points out in Delirious New

York, each “[technological] invention is pregnant with a double

image: contained in its success is the specter of its possible fail-

ure.” Sometimesthatfailurendssuccessinaglorioushole

where a community thrives beside it; as is the case in many

towns in Iberia and Italy. Sometimes the hole is not so glorious.

The skyscraper has its hole as do the shoes we wear and the televi-

sions we view. Our lives are made possible by industry far from us.

the residual The stone buttresses of gothic cathedrals leave their

holes elsewhere. The quarries of Vermont are the voids of granite

counter tops in Tokyo’s kitchens. These are holes. For every cubic

inch of material of a skyscraper is a series of holes in another place.

scale Voids remind us very quickly of our own human scale.

The immense solids produced from these voids come in the

form of skyscrapers and freighters. Unfortunately, the envi-

ronment surrounding these productions nearly hides ther truescale. A submerged freighter’s mass is 80% underwater. The

preceding page presents a better understanding of its sheer

size. Likewise, the skyscraper of Manhattan sits in a pseu-

do skyscraper national park. Its size is neglected. But, the

new skyscrapers of emerging cities like Dubai or on the out-

skirts of existing cities like Madrid demonstrate sheer scale.

Iberia Quarries # 8,Cochicho Co., Pardais, Portu-gal, 2006Edward Burtynsky

San Francisco Bay OilSpill November 2007

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US Treasury Secretary Paulson urges Congress to back his plan

The London stock market ended a week of turmoil with its biggest one-day gain after the US taxpayer unveiled a

plantobailoutthenancialsystem.

The FTSE 100 closed 8.8% up at 5311.3. Wall Street ended 3.3% higher and the French and German markets also

rose.

The surge came as the US taxpayer said it planned to spend billions of dollars to mop up bad debts fuelling the

globalnancialcrisis.

But Chancellor Alistair Darling ruled out a similar plan for the UK.

“We fully support what the Americans are doing ... here in this country, our problems are different,” he added. “We

are helping banks as people would expect us to do.”

Washington will set out further details of the US rescue plan next week.

Crisisofcondence

The proposed US taxpayer rescue plan comes at the end of a week of almost unprecedented turmoil on world

nancialmarkets:

* Central banks around the world have pumped billions of dollars of extra funding into money markets on

Thursday and Friday to ease the liquidity crisis

* The US taxpayer also said it would guarantee US money market funds - mutual funds that typically invest in

low-risk credit such as taxpayer bonds and are often used by pension funds - up to a value $50bn to further restore

condence

* Stock markets in Russia were temporarily suspended again on Friday at the end of a week of wild swings and

stop-go trading

* There are rumours that Morgan Stanley is looking for a partner

Banking boost

Financialstockshavegainedthemostfromtheriseincondenceonthemarkets.InLondon,theRoyalBankof

Scotland and HBOS rose as much as 50%.

See graph of the FTSE 100 this week

Meanwhile, in the US insurer AIG - which earlier this week received an $85bn rescue package from the US tax-

payer - surged almost 60%, while banks Citigroup and Bank of America jumped 22% and 16% respectively.

Movestorestrictshort-sellingintheUSandUKalsohelpedtoboostnancialshares.

Short-selling occurs when a trader borrows shares from another to sell them with the hope of buying them back at

alowerprice,therebyprotingfromthedifference.Ithasbeenblamedfortherecentsharpfallsinsomebanking

shares.

LateonFriday,Germanyfollowedsuitwithabanonshort-sellingin11nancermsinanefforttoprotectthem

from damage by speculators.

 

There will be serious long-term damage to the ability of the US to export its way of doing business to the rest of 

the world.

Robert Peston,

BBC Business Editor

Read Peston’s thoughts in full

Who’s to blame for the crisis?

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105

names have been changed in order to protect the ‘innocent’

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107

Taken together, the Ports of Los Angeles and Long Beach, account for over 40% of the na-

tion’s containerized import trade. The community of San Pedro lies next door.

Satellite image of Los Angeles basinwith Port of Los Angeles/Long Beach

Complex and San Pedro higlightedin foreground

   C  a  s  e   S   t  u   d  y  :   C  o  m  m  u  n   i   t  y   A  m   i   d  s   t   >

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where the goods go. The majority of goods passing throughthe Ports of Los Angeles and Long Beach serve the north cen-

tral states (39%) followed by the south central states (26%). in

fact, it is estimated that over 60% of Chicago’s imported goods

pass through the Port of LA/LB Complex. This wasn’t always

the case. Prior to the Asian boom in manufacturing during the

1980’s, the New York/New Jersey Port Complex imported the

most. This boom can be contributed to the size of Southern

California’s market; it’s geographic location in relation to East

and Southeast Asia; the large number of industrial warehousesto serve as distribution centers; and California’s established land

infrastructure (primarily Interstate 5, and the railroads, the Union

PacicandBurlingtonNorthernSantaFe)

locally, the port’s own infrastructure played a huge role in the

development of Southern California as the leading gateway for

foreign imports. The surrounding deepwater channels and access

to roads and railroads leading all over the country incited growth

within the port itself. The California coastal environmental lawsencourage the expansion of ports rather than the building or de-

velopment of others. This, along with the Port’s near autonomy,

meant the Ports expanded with little local resistance until the

China Shipping Suit of 2003 regarding the construction of a gi-

ant new terminal. In which, the ‘greening’ of the port emerged.

The settlement required the city to provide $10 million to clean

up trucks in the port; $20 mil. to mitigate aesthetic impacts on

San Pedro and Wilmington; $20 mil. to reduce air pollution; to

replace4largecraneswithsmallerones;andcreateatrafcplanfor the terminal and other parts of the port.1

1 Bonavich, Edna and Jake B. Wilson. Getting the Goods: Ports, Labor, and the

Logistics Revolution

   <   C  o  m

  m  u  n   i   t  y   A  m   i   d  s   t  :   P  o  r   t   ’  s   I  m  p

  a  c   t   &   I  m  p  o  r   t  a  n  c  e

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5000-2000 B.C.: Chumash inhabit greater Los Angeles area. Experienceareliablemaritimeeconomyforcenturiesbasedongatheringandshing.

1542: Spaniard Juan Rodriguez Cabrillo lands on California

coast. At this point there are 300,00 Native Americans in California. Dur-

ing the colonial era this gure drops by two-thirds due to European diseases.

1871: In response to lumber and coal boom, Con-

gress calls for the dredging of the main channel to a

depth of 10 feet and the construction of a breakwater.Pre-WWI: San Pedro constructs the

rstsubmarinebaseonthewestcoast.Great Depression: Commerce declines

WWII: Port thrives again due to shipping military equipment 

1907: Port of San Pe-

dro becomes part of 

Port of Los Angeles

L  a t   e 1 7  0  0  s  : D e  v e l   o pm e 

n t   of  L  .A . wi   t  h  S  anP  e  d r  o a t   t  h  e h  e  ar  t   b  e  gi  n s  un d  e r  S  p ani   s h r  ul   e  .

s p e d r o

s m o k e -

s t a c k

landmark

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111

North Meyler St., SanPedro, CA

20th Ce.: Standardization

of containers revolutionizes

logistics. These containers

become the visual depiction

of capitalism in motion.

Turn of 19th Ce.: Abalone diving at depths less than 20 feet is banned

due to over-exploitation.

1900s: The town of San Pedro is essentially built by the monies brought in by the shing industry.

By 1970’s: Fishing has waned in the area as competitors in Asia

and Latin America offer cheaper prices due to less regulations.

This same global shift leads to the Port of LA/LB Complex as

the leading US port.

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113

As the streets rise from the Pacic, theculdesacs and gaps between houses

offer reminders of the port below.

Rising along Meyler St., SanPedro, Ca

Approximate Elevation: 53’above sea level

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Giant contractors seeking to make

productionexibletakeoverroleof

inventory management through use

of computer models and digital in-

frastructure. The distance between

production and R&D facilities isdecreased to save time and labor.

     A    s    t     h   e    s    t    r   e   e    t    s    r     i    s   e     f    r   o   m

    t     h   e     P    a   c     i        c ,

    t     h   e   c   u     l     d   e    s    a   c    s    a    n     d   g    a    p    s     b   e    t   w   e   e    n

   h  o  u  s  e  s  o   f   f  e  r  r  e  m   i  n   d  e

  r  s  o   f   t   h  e  p  o  r   t   b  e   l  o  w .

   >

Argument between exible production advocated by neo-

liberalism and mass-production by welfare state begins.

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115

Wal-Mart is currently the 6th largest trading partner with China.1

Rising along Meyler St., SanPedro, Ca

Approximate Elevation: 89’above sea level

1 http://blogs.harvardbusiness.org/leadinggreen/2008/10/walmarts-new-sustainability-ma.html

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Port of LA/LB experienced a period of autonomy from government and for many

years acted like a private enterprise in competition with other ports. Adverse effects

on the local community of San Pedro developed due to expanding infrastructureof port and burdened existing public infrastructure of local interstate highway

system.

Port of LA/LB Complex ranks fth largest in world, behind Singapore,Hong Kong, Shanghai, and Shenzhen.1

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117

Discovering origins of 

DeLanda’s anti-market

commoditization in recent

history. Reaons for being

(global) and an outcome

(local - San Pedro).

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119

Slides of San Pedro were isolated

only to be replaced onto thetopography of a site   S   i   t  e

   M  a  p  p   i  n  g  :   T  o  p  o   l   i  g   h   t   b  o  x   >

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I began with the desire to add luminosity to a site model, toexhibit a two dimensional representation on a three dimensional surface.

The construction is simple. 2 x 2’s make up the topography of the site.

Holes bored through selected 2 x 2’s created cavities to place led’s within.

Wiring fell along the back surface and slides sat atop 4 pins each tapped

into a 2 x 2.

Fig x.xBored Cavity for LED placement

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121

Fig x.x(Clockwise) 40 wired LEDs,Glue + 350 wood blocks,

Finished Product

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Slides placed on the 3 dimensional surface of the site (abstracted) at-tempted to open new entryways despite their initial isolation by

light, image capture, and shutter speed. Slide locations either 

correspond with specic locations where they were taken or make con-

nections between different areas of the city of San Pedro as a whole and

the port complex.

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123

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I had chosen a site...

but could not step foot on its soil

(Right) Screenshotsfrom material purchas-ing

The browneld site. NorthGaffey St., San Pedro, Ca.

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125

I had planned to take led throwies, tape them to the inner surface

of a clear trash bag, blow the bag up and then toss them over the

barbed wire fence containing the San Pedro site. This site has

become a site of investigation but not a site in which to complete

a project.

I had been asking myself to throw LEDs, lithium batteries, and

rare earth magnets onto my site with no foreseeable chance of 

reclaiming them after the experiment. This essentially told me

that I can not step foot on the site. Anything rare must not be left

unclaimed, right?

The lagoon/river ecosystems of northern San Diego county are

an unique occurrence in Southern California. I will not ask my-

self to leave items unclaimed here.

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Site Modication:

Whoa!

This is a tomato farm

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127

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129This is southern california

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This is under state control

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131

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133

This is rancho margarita

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This is camp pendleton marine corp base

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10101010101010101010

Striating military apparatus

behaving openly

Seeking to “occupy an ‘unmanaged landscape,’ free from the impo-

sition of orders that have been tied ever tighter by the hands of progress and the

military-industrial artice that direct them”

Anthony Burke

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Current development models maximize

property road access either through a

street grid or, as in much of suburban

America, by snaking roads through sub-

divisions. Though this maximizes edge

length, the surface area of the roads

has increased exponentially, creat-

ing inefcient property to road ratios.[SkycarCity UWM]

narrative  Current infrastructural thinking serves the private. The po-

lar thinking inherent in asking society where it will go rather than ask-ing where are things picking up speed leads to top down planned societ-

iesbenettingbusinesspluggingintoabottomupphysicalinfrastructure.

The last two centuries have been about expansion. The Manifest Destiny

spirit of the 1800’s led to the construction of railroads spanning across

the continent by 1869. The 20th century’s cheap oil incited the spread

of the automobile and ultimately the Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1956.

The 21st century is already shaping up to be the digital infrastructure

age. The military lies at the heart of this shift. Military technology has

long made its way into civilian use, most notably as satellites. The mili-

tary will continue to develop this digital infrastructure. An infrastruc-tureasambiguousasthemarshandtheseaisneededtollthegapbe -

tween military and civilian use in technology paid for by the taxpayer.

Dualistic thinking conceptmodel.

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The sandy ocean oor meets the slurpy plane of themarsh. The marsh/river ecosystem presents an interesting mixture of 

natural infrastructure meeting the smoothness of the sea. While the infra-

structure of the marsh explicitly does the job of cleaning water for its en-

try to the sea, the daily ebb and ow of the tides as well as seasonal swell

action blur the boundaries between the two. Is the water fresh or is it salty?

The Golden StateCalifornia

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Is it land or is it sea?

[Peter Cook]

Tomato Fields

Interstate 5

Santa Margarita River

Del Mar

Recreational

Beach

Sea

Estuary

Base Housing

Camp Pendleton Marine CorpsBase

Dharavi, the shadow slumof Mumbai. Human gradi-ent applied to determinis-

tic infrastructure

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technicalities  Camp Pendleton is the

breath between the continuous urban

surface of LA and Orange County, and

the sprawl of San Diego. Marine Corps

Base Camp Pendleton is often revered as

the saving grace from the impending Los

Angeles-icationof  San Diego County.

The military’s hold on this land hasleft it relatively undeveloped. Amidst

its 125,000 acres, there are only 3,800

buildings and 500 miles of road. The

military’s ownership of the land as the

only reason for area as undeveloped is a

slightoversimplication.Hadthebase

never been commissioned, the natural

geography of the area would have slight-

ly subdued development, much like the

restraint seen in Laguna Beach. A series

of small creeks and the Santa Margarita

River run through gorges as they empty

into the ocean. These gorges and the

mountains would incur a less develop-

able land relative to the valleys of LA

and Orange County.

The site sits within this larger geographi-

cal context just 2 and a quarter miles past

the Oceanside/Camp Pendleton border.

At Camp Pendleton’s north edge lies San

Clemente; northeast Cleveland National

Forest; and east Fallbrook.

Los Angeles-ication 

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SITEwithin larger Camp Pendleton Setting

141

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My site is the  daisy in the cracks. The scale is much larg-

er of course, but not galactic. This is still architectural, no cosmos.

Articial surface suffocates the earth beneath it. Where vegetation grew wildly

before, parking’s pavement inhibits its growth. Boundaries apply. 

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[A] special system of direct in-

terregional highways, with all

necessary connections through and around

cities, designed to meet the requirements

of the national defense and the needs of a

growing peacetime trafc of longer range.

[what was needed per FDR]

Daisy, the bounded individualand friend.

narrative We stratify the earth. Lay layer upon layer upon

soil, sand, and clay and then expect that after that, it will not

grow. But it does. The daisy grows through the cracks it forms.

The material of the earth is not submissive, but supple. Wecall them weeds and spray them. The pesticide soaks into their

leaves and they die. Their seeds, however, do not leave. They

stay. A tree pushes through another crack. And if its roots are

strong enough, pavers are pushed aside, sidewalks are lifted,

andaatplanebecomesahingepinnedaroundtherootofan

elm. Yes, it can be suppressed, but no it cannot at all times.

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My site is a result of the 1956 Federal Highway Act. It is the daisy too.

The daisy grows from a residual set in action. The residual of 

infrastructure slivers. Where freeways converge; overpasses, on ramps,

and off ramps slide in and out of interstate surface leaving space slivers.

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145

The one degree of freedom of the trackstakes priority over the two degree freedom

of the car. The left over is allowed to

be wild to exist in a quasi-natural state

bounded by interstate and train tracks.

[site specic sliver]

narrative We live in a top-down world. Our nomadic ances-

tors roamed the earth in an open system. What they neededwas the world in front of them. Their resources, their nutri-

ents, their sustenance for survival passed directly from the earth

to the mouth. Today is much different. Our current thinking

favors predetermined control. Modern infrastructural think-

ing supplies these pre-lived events, this predetermined growth.

The smooth space of the earth has always been such. Enti-

ties ow in and out of each other, transforming, mutating,

growing. At a larger scale, it is all one surface. Today, the

federal highway system is all one surface. In 1956, the Fed-eral Highway Act passed. incited by Franklin D. Roosevelt.

.Marine Corps Base sitebounded by interstate 5 and

railroad

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147

Privately Leased

Farmland

I-5

Train

Tracks

SITE SLIVER

River

River

Extent

N

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149

passing trains

passing in car

peninsula - island - bottom contour

150

148

154

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Driving along boundary, the site is present as a passing. It reads like agrove of eucalyptus trees and is. The interstate approaches, moves for-

ward head on and wraps around trees appearing to foat over the interstate.

 

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151

Until the bell rolls

on its greased axle,

the morning’s music

is not mechanical.

[Joa Suorez]

Photos taken on northboundI-5 every 15 seconds Site in

Black from Point toScribble.

Looking into site from east

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155

the passing cars the cars are loud when they pass. They cre-

ate a rythmic roar. There are no surprises only a steady stream

of drivers. Minus the sounds of the car and the site is a much

different place. The sound serves as the only sign of its loca-

tion between to Interstate roads. The site offers a type of seren-

ity in its white noise of the passing cars and almost wild lookingsite. Like the driver passing the site in a ‘serenity capsule,’ the

site is a relief. Unlike the unawareness that develops after driv-

ing for some time, this site asks that you be aware. All its facets

want to be exposed and they’re right there. Commuters heading

north to Orange County pass through Camp Pendleton everyday

along the I-5. With no trafc, it is a nice 30 minute scenic drive.

(Opp) Video Stills of a 180ºScene at Site Prow, SouthernEnd Overlooking I-5, BNSFRailway, and Santa Marga-rita River. In the distance tothe right is Del Mar Beach

area of Camp Pendleton

Follow the Cars. Stills Everysecond. Southbound I-5,

West of Site

the “wild” site, where are the cars?oh listen

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My site is a result of the 1956 Federal Highway Act. It is the daisy too. The

daisy grows from a residual set in action. The residual of infra-

structure slivers. Where freeways converge; overpasses, on ramps, and off 

ramps slide in and out of interstate surface leaving space slivers.

Peninsula at Mid Tide State3/4 Mile from Mean High

Tide Line

Becomes Island

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157

Island off Site between I-5 Northbound and Southbound

Rising Tide Markings

Becomes Bottom Contour 

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(Below) As the tide fees,barnacles reveal themselvesand birds re-land. (Previ-ous) “Drawings”marked the

changing water level.

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159

peninsula - island - bottom contour with sticks of 24,” I drew around the

sandbars edges at low tide. I chose an

island and a peninsula. As the tide rose,

the peninsula became an island; the island

became a bottom contour; and eventu-

ally both became bottom with high tide.

These drawings had already existed in

other forms. The site lies along an inter-esting part of the Santa Margarita River/

Estuary ecology. This is an area of river

and estuary gradient. The ebb and ow

of the ocean’s tide makes its way into

this region, almost a mile from the mean

high tide line. Plinths of concrete and

a jetty below the northbound I-5 touch

the water here as the only man-made

constrictions of the ecology. Barnacles

encrust themselves along these hard

surfaces revealing the changing water

levels and the inuence of the salty sea.

The low tide leaves once foating algae strung along salt grass.

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large scale hydrology the Santa

Margarita Watershed covers 740

square miles. Its major water body

is the Santa Margarita River which is

formed by the conuence of the Mur-

rieta and Temecula Creeks (Opp. Top)

Dissimilarly, many major water bod-

ies make up the San Juan Watershed

to the north. Here, a series of creeks

and small gorges nd their way to the

ocean. It covers 496 square miles.

To the south, the San Luis Rey Wa-

tershed covers 562 square miles. It

originates 6000’ above sea level in the

Palomar and Hot Springs Mountains.

   <   H  y   d  r  o   l  o  g  y   >

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wetland classifcation  fowing between:

[P] Palustrine - The Palustrine System includes all nontidal

wetlands dominated by trees, shrubs, emergents, mosses or

lichens, and all such wetlands that occur in tidal areas where

salinity due to ocean derived salts is below 0.5 ppt. Wetlands

lacking such vegetation are also included if they

exhibit all of the following characteristics:

1. are less than 8 hectares ( 20 acres );

2. do not have an active wave-formed or bedrock shoreline

feature;

3. have at low water a depth less than 2 meters (6.6 feet in the

deepest part of the basin;

4. have a salinity due to ocean-derived salts of less than0.5 ppt.

[SS] Scrub-Shrub - Includes areas dominated by woody veg-

etation less than 6 m (20 feet) tall. The species include true

shrubs, young trees (saplings), and trees or shrubs that are

small or stunted because of environmental conditions.

[R] Seasonal-Tidal - No denition given

and[E] Estuarine - The Estuarine System describes deepwater

tidal habitats and adjacent tidal wetlands with low energy andvariable salinity, inuenced and often semi-enclosed by land.

(1) Subtidal - These habitats are continuously submerged sub-

strate, (i.e. below extreme low water).

[UB] Unconsolidated Bottom - Includes all wetlands and

deepwater habitats with at least 25% cover of particles smaller

than stones (less than 6-7 cm), and avegetative cover less than

30%.

[L] Subtidal - The substrate is permanently ooded with tidal

water.emtpying into[M] Marine - The Marine System describes open ocean and

high energy coastlines with salinities exceeding 30 parts per

thousand (ppt) and little or no dilution except outside the

mouths of estuaries.

(1) Subtidal - These habitats are continuously submerged sub-

strate, (i.e. below extreme low water).

[UB] Unconsolidated Bottom - Includes all wetlands and

deepwater habitats with at least 25% cover of particles smallerthan stones (less than 6-7 cm), and a vegetative cover less

than 30%.

[L] Subtidal - The substrate is permanently ooded with tidal

water.

   <   W  e   t   l  a  n   d  s  a  n   d   D  e  e  p  w  a   t  e  r   H  a   b   i   t  a

   t  s   C   l  a  s  s   i   f  c  a   t   i  o  n

   N  a   t   i

  o  n  a   l   W  e   t   l  a  n   d  s   I  n  v  e  n   t  o  r  y   M  a  p  p   i  n  g   C  o   d  e   D  e  s  c  r   i  p   t   i  o  n

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163

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   <  p  r  o  g  r  a  m

starting with a farmer, a sergeant, a private, and a train

conductor

(right) Program notes

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165

Coming and going

rather than starting and nishing; arrival/departure; destination that is

persistently claimed/unclaimed

But there does exist substrate

Substrate, the substance or layer that underlies something, or on which some process occurs

the process of substanceAlthough ends do not exist, substrate allows individuals to stop, to breathe, to collect, and watch “some process

[that] occurs” before them.

This is where the palm fronds in the sky x the eyes upon themselves and the mind begins

the coming and going…

Coming and going in culture: we witness culture unfold upon itself through

substrate

The child stops to watch the train go by, at once to be fascinated by it and to also understand its move-

ment, the process of acceleration. The old man sits, crosses his legs, glances at the palm fronds, but this time heobserves. He watches the coming and going around him.

“Kleist, Lenz, and Buchner have another

way of traveling and moving: proceeding

from the middle, coming and going

rather than starting and nishing…

…They know how to move between things, establish a logic of the AND, overthrow ontology, do away with

foundations, nullify endings and beginnings.

They know how to practice pragmatics.”

-Deleuze & Guattari

There are gradients in this coming and going. Because as soon as that boy stops, he can begin again. The inclusion

of sedentary or passive spaces adds complexity to this understanding. The large sloping oor and stepped seating

of the opera induce the individual to sit. During the length of the opera the coming and going plays out in the mind.

The exchange between spectacle and viewer is engaged. And in the classroom, the student sits attentively. The

teacher speaks and knowledge is exchanged through this interface.

These are the spaces of substrate of the mind. Where the process of knowledge expands to the observer.

And so I plan to mount the teeter totter with the user. To engage in a mutual play. I write the play and the audience

rewrites it, I rewrite it and the audience writes it.

“Behavior is a dynamic process of feedback

between states of formation and adaptation.

It does not assume a center, a body; behavior

ows between agents and scales. Behavior

is not always measured in terms of action

and reaction, one to one, but can switch

from eld to object and back again,

creating non-linear patterns of relations between micro and molar states.”

-Tom Wiscombe

This is pragmatics. It is process. The ends don’t justify practicality. The being set in action justies practicality.

But we do not set, we become.

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167

Bonavich, Edna and Jake B. Wilson. Getting the Goods: Ports, Labor, and the

Logistics Revolution. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 2008.

Brown, Elspeth H., Catherine Gudis, and Marina Moskowitz. Cultures of Com

merce: Representation and American Business Culture, 1877-1960. NY: Pal

grave Macmillan, 2006.

Brownell, Blaine. Transmaterial: A Catalog of Materials that Redene Our Phy

sical Environment. NY: Princeton Architectural Press, 2006.

Burns, Carol J. and Andrea Kahn. Site Matters. NY: Routledge, 2005.

Close, Frank. Particle Physics: A Very Short Introduction. NY: Oxford Univer

sity Press, 2004.

Cooper, Casey. “History of the US Highway System: From Dirt Paths to

Superhighways.” 1 December 2008.

<http://www.gbcnet.com/ushighways/history.html> Gausa, Manuel. “Antitypes.” Actar Arquitectura. 4 October 2008.

<http://www.archilab.org/public/2000/catalog/actar/actaren.htm#> 

“Enrique Peñalosa.” Projects for Public Spaces. 1 October 2008.

<http://www.pps.org/info/placemakingtools/placemakers/epenalosa> 

Howse, P.E. Termites: A Study in Social Behaviour. London: Hutchinson & Co

Ltd., 1970.

Kofranek, Anton M., Margaret J. McMahon, and Vincent E. Rubatzky. Hart

mann’s Plant Science: Growth, Development, and Utilization of Cultivated

Plants. 3rd ed. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education, Inc., 2002.Koolhaas, Rem. Rem Koolhass: Conversations with students. Architecture at

Rice 30. NY: Princeton Architectural Press, 1996.

Koolhaas, Rem. Delirious New York. NY: The Monacelli Press, Inc., 1994.

Koolhaas, Rem. “Life in the Metropolis” or “The Culture of Congestion.” Ar

chitectural Design 47, no. 5 (August 1977)

Lewis, Paul, Tsurumaki, Marc, and David J. Lewis. Situation Normal… Pam

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ory and Politics. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littleeld, Inc., 2001.

Rand, Ayn. For the New Intellectual. NY: Signet, 1961.

Romero, Fernando and LAR. Hyper-Border: The Contemporary U.S.-Mexico

Border and its Future. NY: Princeton Architectural Press, 2008.

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Melzer, Arthur M., Jerry Weinberger, and M. Richard Zinman. Democracy andthe Arts. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1999.

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   b   i   b   l   i  o  g  r  a  p   h  y

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“The Dwight D. Eisenhower National System of Interstate and Defense High

ways.” United States Department of Transportation - Federal Highway Ad

ministration. 1 December 2008.

<http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/reports/routender/index.htm> 

Thurman, Harold V. and Alan P. Trujillo. Essentials of Oceanography. 9th ed.

Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education, Inc., 2008.

United States. U.S. Geological Survey. Hydrologic- and Salt – Balance Inves

tigations Utilizing Digital Models Lower San Luis Rey River Area: San Di

ego County, California. 1974.

United States. Marine Corps. Economic Impact Summary: Camp Pendleton,

California. 1993.

Wiscombe, Tom. “Emergent Processes.” 28 September 2008.

<http://www.emergentarchitecture.com> 

 

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171

Fig 1.2-14Previous Formatting

Attitude

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the individual

 

Described in…

Birth & death

6 stages of life

(infancy, childhood, adolescence,

young adulthood, adulthood, old age)

Adding points

1 point, this may represent an individual. On the right, an image from Leave it to Beaver, the quintessential

suburban white of the 50’s.

2 and 6 points in an individual’s life. As multiple individual points, we locate them in space in relation to each

other. These relations build values.

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175

Birth & death

Birth, some middle, & death

6 stages of life

A line through the points of the individual

introduces time

ng time

What is the nature of the path?

 

A line is drawn through the points. In our culture, reading left to right we have introduced time. The points now

represent periods of time for that individual. They are now related in time and space. Time initiates change. The

line is important because it attempts to describe a path through time, throughout life.

If we populate the line with an innite amount of individual points, we attempt to describe the human through

time. Perhaps, the innite amount of points could be summed up from a biological perspective, but that is hardly

the totality of the human. What is the nature of that path? What has formed you? What has inuenced you?

Populating the line infinitesimally

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Rings as structure

 

Essentially I am asking what is the condition of becoming? How can this be described visually and orally? A

set of rings encircles the line now as structure, the structures of lives; the institutions and identities ascribed to the

individual. The line is set in motion through the structures, but the structures are not so simple. They themselves

are extremely complex and must resolve their own identities as well.

 

Rings encircle the individual and the line

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Plates with thkness

Rings become porous plates with weights

(structures have their own identities and gravities to resolve)

Finding way through structures of society

The path removed

The circles can be considered as circular plates with some thickness for they are not individual hoops to jump

through, but hold weight themselves. Fortunately, the plates are porous., but their porosity and size differs. There

are multiple ways to proceed. To manage these porous disks, the path becomes sinuous. The line through the rings

is no longer linear. Here is where the notion of linear time is abandoned. A single day during high school is not

as important as the day I met my ancé. That is my own simplied example for abandoning linear concepts of time. We can all relate to this notion of nonlinear time based on our own memories, our nostalgic notions of the

important things in our lives. And of course in a scientic way, we can look to the theories of Einstein to see that

time is not linear but relativistic to an object’s velocity relative to the speed of light.

The points have been removed. They are not accurate in describing the human. Asking now: what composes the

human? The cultural environment and what else?

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179

 

Multiple paths, multiple lines of flight

(own sense of identity in “the many places where we

reside”)

Even now this set of drawings can not dene the complexity of identity. But isn’t that what is trying to be said,

that it cannot be dened. But it can be appreciated. Here is another group of images going one step further. We do

not go down only one path in our lives, but multiples. As French philosopher Gilles Deleuze and his counterpart

psychoanalyst Felix Guattari say in their book, A Thousand Plateaus, we are engaged in multiple lines of ight.

Here we see many paths structured with our porous plates from before.

The paths have become nonlinear, in fact even circuitous at moments. What appears loose like a scribble is actu-

ally a way to begin to describe these very complex issues of identity in time and space.

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What is architecture’s role in this for me? Through a better understanding of the construction of identity, I not

only develop a geometrical language of meaning to build with, but develop a broader sense of architecture in its

totality. I am not concerned with the purity of architecture as an autonomous eld if it does not test itself within

the built environment. Composed as such, architecture loses autonomy and becomes part of something much

larger including the elds of science, art, sociology, philosophy, mathematics, history, and popular culture; all in

real time.

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183

landspace

P

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WIN

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185

TER

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PROCESS

N F E R S T R U C T U R E  an infrastructure that infers 

rather than from explicit}

U P R A S T R U C T U R E  an infrastructure that refers 

F I C T I O N A L creature propagates realityS T U D I O 4 0 0

cal 

david j pearson

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187

{to deduce or conclude from evidence and reasoning

{to someone or something mentioned above or earlier}

  {camp pendleton marine corps base, san diego, ca}

  Karen L a n g e

  2008-09 p a r t i a l c o m p l e t i o n o f b a r c h.  poly 

a n o v e r v i e w ( 1 8 6 )

w h e r e d i d t h i s g o ? ( 1 9 2 )

 

s i t e m a p p i n g ( 2 0 0 )

 

s i t e m o v e s + p r o g r a m ( 2 1 0 ) 

n a r r a t i v e s ( 2 2 8 )

 

p o s i t i o n a l / r e l a t i o n a l s t u d y ( 2 2 6 )

p r o g r a m ( 2 2 8 )

m a t e r i a l / f o r m a l s t u d i e s ( 2 3 2 )

  light 246vegetated/structural integration 274

c a p s u l e s ( 2 8 4 )

g e s t u r e m o d e l 1 ( 2 8 8 )

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Current infrastructural thinking serves the private. The polar thinking inherent in ask-

ing society where it will go rather than asking where are things picking up speed leads

to top down planned societies benetting business plugging into a bottom up physical

infrastructure. The last two centuries have been about expansion. The Manifest Destinyspirit of the 1800’s led to the construction of railroads spanning across the continent by

1869. The 20th century’s cheap oil incited the spread of the automobile and ultimately

the Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1956. The 21st century is already shaping up to be the

digital infrastructure age.

the issue

1. how does infrastructure affect the democratic nature of place/

how is democratic participation experienced amidst infrastructure/what boundaries does infrastructure impose/

what does physical infrastructure serve/

what does digital infrastructure serve

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189

clever idea - wrong answer 

modern thinking

an overview

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camp pendleton[marine corps base]

where

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191

 

Camp Pendleton is the breath between the continuous urban surface

of LA and Orange County, and the sprawl of San Diego. Marine

Corps Base Camp Pendleton is often revered as the saving grace

from the impending Los Angeles-ification of San Diego County. The

military’s hold on this land has left it relatively undeveloped. Amidst

its 125,000 acres, there are only 3,800 buildings and 500 miles of 

road. At Camp Pendleton’s north edge lies San Clemente; northeast

Cleveland National Forest; and east Fallbrook.

san diego

los angeles

san francisco

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1769 Conquistadores arrive on Saint

Margaret’s Day

1841-1882

 NOW home to 60,000 military family members; 322 species, 5 endangered or near 

threatened; 90,000 daily workers; nudist beach; nuclear power plant; state park; mili-

tary training; interstate 5; burlington northern santa fe rail; the last free-flowing river in

southern california; natural wildlife corridor from palomar mountain range.

Luiseños Indians inhabit area living in huts

near water sources. Women gathered seeds,

roots, wild berries, acorns, wild grapes,

strawberries, wild onions, and prickly pear in

finely woven baskets. The men hunted deer,

antelopes, rabbits, wood rats, ducks, quail,

seafood, and various insects.

what

NOW home to 60,000 military family members; 322 species, 5 endangered or

near threatened; 90,000 daily workers; nudist beach; nuclear power plant; state

park; military training; interstate 5; burlington northern santa fe rail; the last

free-owing river in southern california; natural wildlife corridor from mounain

range.

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193

Serves as Rancho Santa Margarita

Sept 1939 WWII begins and in 1942 Marine

Corps buys ranch land as staging post for Pa-

cific operations.

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potential space . potential realities

project gone about through autopsy  [death through

removed culture and ultimate distillation of

mation and manipulation of existing parts t

FICTIONAL CREATURE PROPAGATES REALITY

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A “creature” to move alongtracks and harness energyfrom jersey barrier retrotted

with small wind turbines.

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197

The military has just announced ambitious plans forthe design and construction of a machine that will

roam the area between north and southbound Interstate

5 just north of the Oceanside/Camp Pendleton border.

It will conduct environmental tests and amend toxicity

as seen t through the planting of native plants germi-

nated within its greenhouse. Using contemporary sci-

ence and military spending it will grow itself through

the collection of unwanted particles (CO2) into a series

of 3 dimensional ber optic surfaces (19th ce. pointil-lism no longer mocked leaves 2d space). The surfaces

will disseminate information based upon car velocities

(trafc) and particulate matter to commuters through

movement of the cables acting as a eld and color. The

sliver lies along the stretch of land between Oceanside

and San Clemente known as Camp Pendleton Marine

Corps Base. Historical uses have varied from early Na-

tive American camps along water bodies to the Santa

Margarita Rancho. Its importance now lies at the in-

tersection of military territorializing and the last free-

owing river of Southern California. The local com-

munities, the military, and various conservation groups

are working together in this unique project.

Skepticism has risen around the real motives of a mili-

tary caught between recent immigration laws and..

beginning

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199

beginning functions of a cow

what does a roaming creature do here? remedy and

propagate reality. fctional creature propagates real-

ity.

early functioning of this creature strapped oversizedweighty antennae receptors, a gigantic screen, digging

legs, and a spiraling observatory platforms to a growing

“ball.”

it became:

functions: disseminate information of...

particulate matter

auto velocitysample water toxicity

remediate areas of tox-

icity

 

program: 3d surface service of 12000 ft. cubed, surfaces of ber

optic cables

 

with a critical territory of:

river+south of river sliver bounded by interstate 5 lanes

north and southbound

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Early Mass Study

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201

beginning architectural gestures

coupling the freeway and railroad surfaces

the tower determines the information from each surface.

information disseminates from its surfaces through ex-

posed human activity and the creature/armature/tower

relationship.

 

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Endangered speciesmanagement zone

Del Mar BeachLifeguards

Game Warden

Singh & Sons Farm

Cal TransBNSF Railroad

NCTD Maintenance Yard

Overlapping jurisdictions withinsite vicinity

Camp Pendleton

Oceanside

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203

what are these jurisdictions?

THE GAME WARDEN patrols the Marine Corps Base

ensuring animal and military training activity don’t con-

ict. The warden heavily uses a trail beneath the inter-

state that cuts through the site.

SINGH & SONS FARM grows tomatoes on swaths of 

land both east and west of the interstate. Farming ac-

tivities occur most in early spring (tilling and sowing )

and in late summer through fall (harvesting).

THE NCTD MAINTENANCE YARD washes, repairs,

and overhauls existing Coaster and Sprinter commuter

trains of San Diego County.

THE ENDANGERED SPECIES MANAGEMENT

ZONE protects the breeding and hatching ground of the

California Least Tern and Snowy Plover.

THE DEL MAR BEACH LIFEGUARDS patrol a rec-

reational portion of this area of coastline mostly ofim-

its. Summer sees a high volume of people descend onto

this beach. Their jurisdiction ends at the southern edge

of the Santa Margarita Rivermouth.

THE BURLINGTON NORTHERN SANTA FE RAIL-

ROAD owns the railroad tracks running through and 2

feet from the ties in both directions perpendicularly al-

though they are responsible for the maintenance of the

property from the tracks to the adjacent surfaces (I-5).

CAL TRANS is responsible for the construction of the

interstate and road system and bridges of California.

this series of overlapping jurisdictions allows a unique public/private relationship

to exist. oddities from overlapping jurisdictions have developed allowing such be-

haviors as nudism, water fowl hunting, animal trapping, and pesticide laced water

disposal to occur. the site is clearly overtaken by “caretakers.” how do i reconcile

these?

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 Interstate 5 (8 lanes) + rail-road (1 track, 2 proposed)

single family residential

downtown OS

open space

beach recreation area/harbor 

infrasctructural sliver 

Camp Pendleton

Oceanside

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Air Routes

CamPen Land Use

Live Fire & Maneuver Leases (non-military use)

Amphibious Training

Land Routes

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207

how is the earth moved across?

military use

in a larger sense the entire area of camp pendleton expe-

riences military activity whether by land, air, or sea. a

maneuver corridor runs along the trail cutting through

the site. here soldiers march, jeeps wrangle, and tanks

trek. further east into the mountains, live re erupts.

this series of maps shows the varying amount of motion across the terrain of camp

pendleton by land, air, and sea.

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209

user groups?

300-322 species (the highest category of Ca Species Di-

versity) inhabit the Camp Pendleton Area.

California Cougar- Cleveland National Forest and ne

CamPen. Near threatened and protected in Ca

Mule Deer- Cleveland National Forest and northeast

CamPen; some potential fawning in north west Pendle-

ton (San Onofre). Least concern

Gray Fox- Cleveland nat. forest and northeast CamPen.

Least concern

Brown Headed Cowbird- wetlands mostly, San Mateo

Creek and Santa Margarita Estuary. Least concern,

birds from north that migrate in winter

Western Bluebird- Cleveland National Forest and north-

east CamPen; San Mateo Creek. Least concern, birds

from north that migrate in winter

California Gnatcatcher- coastal ranges of Pulgas to San

Onofre. Endangered. Frequents dense coastal sage

scrub, non-migratory

Least Bell Vireo- small slivers, one near SMER. Not

threatened in general but endangered subspecies in

Coastal Ca

Cactus Wren- throughout CamPen. Least concern

Orange Throated Whiptail Lizard- speckled on CamPen

coast. Data decient

Arroyo Southwestern Toad- nearly nonexistent. Endan-

gered and fully protected

California Least Tern- Endangered. SM Rivermouth

is only natural nesting site remaining in CA besides 2

remnant colonies.

the species that make the lists of concern, endangered, threatened....

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500ʼ 1500ʼN Santa Margarita River and Tidal

Marsh - Predictable Motion Study

Unpredictable marks plus sound device introductions to re-cord hatching of least tern and snowy plover eggs

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211

how is the earth moved across?

ecological patterning

the movement of nearby organisms, machines, and molecules leave

traces of their presence despite their predictable or unpredictable na-

ture.

What moves, the periodic, predictable motion over the surface of 

the earth.

 

tides: ebb and ow twice daily (exceptions 3-5 days/month); range:

-1.6’- to 7.1’+

trains: 50 passenger/freight daily traveling through sliver

least tern: wiggles butt in sand, lays egg. and beach is off limits march

1- september 15

crops: harvested in fall, tilled in early spring

interstate 5: morning commute to orange county, evening return

How will I move across it?

sound devices spaced every 50’ record egg shell cracking frequency,

which is relayed to tower.

creature, armature, tower, offramp + vehicle popouts for viewing site

from car

How have others moved across leaving evidence of  unpredictable 

movement?

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the frst site moves

a tower placed atop a slope rising 36’ from the river’s

northern bank provides access at 36’ for drivers-by ap-

proaching from the offramp and at its base connection

to the river. an offramp entering the sliver at the prow

of the hill. the addition of two new lanes, one popping

in and out corresponding to clearings in the trees for

views to the ocean.

armatures emerging from the base of the tower connect-

ing to the inside through the plants on tracks.

bioswales absorb surface runoff of interstate slowly

cleansing the water they take in before meeting the

river. potential for new jurisdictions. what endangered

species will inhabit these bioiswales?

Armatures

Bioswales

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Gestural programmatic section study

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tower relationship to armature device

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BIOSWALES AND SOUND DEVICES

=epa [new jurisdiction]

an odd relationship exists between what can be and what might be. The bystander asks what might

 be. An active agent asks what can be set into action. The value of a bioswale is the ability to cleanse water.

Sometimes it becomes habitat. So what if the least tern sets up shop on a bioswale. Does the epa get involved?

Let’s give them a “potential” ofce. {The value of a bioswale next to a least tern nesting site presents possible

relationships}

This architecture of potential space. The narrative of potential reality.

  The totality of the bioswale can not be understood without adjacent entities. A least tern inhabits the

swale (builds nest --` bringing egg, cracking egg and life). The epa creates/extends the endangered speciesmanagement zone to the freeway, to the underpasses.

BREEDING TAKES PLACE ON SALT FLATS.

what is the most we can do outside of the sliver with the

volumes, contours, landscape within the sliver 

use the sliver, love the sliver

multiplicity of ofce spaces to occupy jurisdictions. Perpetual bureaucratic complexity

machine.

Relations build value. Relation to the whole, broken into the parts, beyond the parts.

What else builds value?

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an armature emerges from the landscape oating and touching down lightly along the river

ecosystem. toxicity levels are continuoulsy treated and plant remediation is performed

where high levels of toxic elements occur. the adjacent farm’s pesticide laced water

(ows into river at night) and interstate surface runoff require constant oversight in

this endangered species managment zone.

the armature recedes into the landscape and up into the tower where small plants are

germinated and raised to young health in glass orbs which follow a tracking system ofthe sun.

high tide

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plan

glass orb greenhouse

low tide

elevations

device movement based

upon areas of remediation

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THE CASUAL EGO DRIVER

All I want to know is why there? I drive over this bridge everyday staring at the sea

until the brush and eucalyptus intercept my view. Actually, the only place I slow is

this stretch. I look mostly at the sea, but occasionally to the east up into the moun-

tains and gorges that the river recedes into. I’m waiting for the dust storms. The

caution orange sign along the hill lters the view of the tomato elds. It states:

 

CAUTION:

PERIODIC DUST STORMS 

REDUCE SPEED

I doubt that’s why I slow. But the building, my god. It’s halfway to the middle of 

nowhere on this stretch and a third of the way past Oceanside. It’s either bustling

with the movement of some glass shapes moving steadily or dead like the other

few buildings on base seen from the 5. I can only tell they’re glass because of the

marching glowing dots of light as the sun strikes in early morning. I wouldn’t say

I don’t like the building, just curiosity I suppose. Like all military buildings my in-

terest peaks as I wonder what the hell goes on inside them. But this one, I’m eager

to know what it is cause it actually tells me something. Those glass shapes…

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221personal accounts

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THE MARINE

My only opinion: this is us. I report to my government. My duty has brought me

here, but it started in another time. My boys in Iraq, they’re fascinated. I don’t

say much on duty. Don’t need to. We’re here observing. Somehow it’s a greater

purpose. They restructured military service to the environment. It seems odd, I

know, but you know what, what the hell, why not? Life’s weird. Here now, but my

campaigns took me all over and I can say we’re not all that different and I’m talking

about all life. These least terns down there, they mean something, little breeding

creatures, this river last of its kind in California. So all this stuff, it’s good.

So ya I’m proud. I may not be on the frontline with a bullet hose in hand, but some-

thing’s happening here. Things are changing. And fuck look at this structure, it does

things I don’t understand, houses things I peer in at and the best thing for me, I’m

here on duty with people from all walks. We’ve got civilians of all kinds: a biolo-

gist, botanists, a CalTrans guy, a railroad dude, techy guys, and all kinds of people

walking through.

“Corporal!”

“Yes, Sergeant Major!”…trail to oblivion

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THE MIGRANT WORKER

Ah el norte, no es todo que pensaba, pero

no hace falta. Gano dollars y estoy con-

tento, dinero para mi familia y regreso.

He trabajado en otros lugares pero aquí 

es diferente. Veo una diversidad de vida

que no ves en los estados unidos al lado

de las granjas. El ejercito tieno muhco

aquí. Ellos son extraños, no le meto en

sus problemas. Tiene una mente diferente

que la mía. Sus acciones son sospecho-

sas pero cuando hablamos, son amables.

Pero, ahora me da igual. Además hay

la carretera, el tren, el mar, un estuario,

especies de pájaros, y el viento. Me en-

canta el viento del mar. Ah basta! Adíos

y un saludo, ándale a ti.

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THE RESEARCH SCIENTIST

I’m nally doing the kind of cutting edge research I always wanted to. We

are unlocking the genetic code, the secrets of plants that have been aroundfor ages. We are back at our primordial roots looking for answers when man

foraged and hunted. Little did we know the answers lied in the food we eat,

our very own sustenance. We have discovered three plant species and two

migratory birds thought to be extinct, all within this sliver. A sliver between

2 freeways for god sakes! Plant life has truly become our salvation, it has

become real life, amidst us. And it is not so as some grand narrative... I must

return to work.

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positional/relational program study

35,000 square foot tower

horizon/upload space:creature to ll the horizon, men to take it away

meeting space: following horizon activities

massive strutural core: splitting below to support structural ringed re-

peating oor plates above

spectator’s disjunctive space: see river, see trafc, expe-

rience site, alternative horizon of I-5 surface

circulation: spiraling from below

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perched into the hill, entering above and below, public from “pri-

vate” freeway where we learn publicity of interstate, spiraling acen-sion from private military space, looking at the sea, looking at cars, mind-

ing the river, appreciating atness of estuary, no longer just driving by.

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241

self-organized blends

by hand with matter + some reaction

plant experiments became study models, became orga-

nized parts to build from, became organized tension to

blend.

i searched for an avenue to morph the pre-self-orga-

nized plant matter with new self-organized wax/watertemperature reaction.

these became self-organized blends.

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beginning gestures

by hand: intuiton + instinct studies

from a helix a blurob emerged, but it lacked

surface.

from styrofoam, a collage arose.

molding cooling wax and soap, i folded with

my hands

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drawings done concurrently

drawings pushed certain ideas creating parts for later con-

glomerations and ideas for emerging behaviors to come.

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methods

the interpretation of light

The basic phenomena of light became a motive force in

formal/systems development. The rst study involved

a specic naturally occurring lighting condition. The

light quality of the inside of a breaking wave’s unique-

ness lies in the reection of the water and the complex

curving, moving, and transforming surfaces of the wa-

ter.

The second investigation arose out of need. The need to

reinterpret 3 dimensional analog models (pp. 238-244)

2 dimensionally and digitally. A at bed scanner served

as the tool to accomplish this. Through the passing of 

a linear beam of light, the scanner describes a 3 dimen-

sional object with color value.

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drawing system based on light

a way of drawing developed to mimic the light quali-

ties of the inside of a breaking wave

1. dene curvature desired

2. dene origin point (center of mass of curve)

3. horizon line based on origin point

4. draw vertical from origin point

5. draw line between intersections of curve (1) and vertical (4); curve

and horizon (3)

6. opening dened (use to determine envelope, coverage, facade

quality)

7. bisect opening into equal parts. extend bisection to curvature (sta-

ble light region defned)

8. draw line between horizon and curve intersection and vertical and

curve intersection (directed light defned)

9. connection determined locally (based upon circulation, meeting

 points, view to river, etc.)

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transforming the draw-

ings allowed another

level of interpretation

and intuition to emerge.

asking questions of form 

and movement guided de-

cisions in replication,

rotation, scaling, etc.

layering

scaled and rotated

capsule build

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scaled successively every 2

how can growth be “scaffolded”

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receding in space

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elbow symmetry

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bull symmetry

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sociological

intensity

study (pp.)

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How does this become physical again?

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CNC machined

mold derived

from Rhi-

no studies

Holes drilled

through the

mold allow

thermoforming

of PolyEth-

ylene Glycol

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Thermoforming, the process of heating a thermoplastic material and shaping it into a

mold, produced a skin based on the shape of the CNC mold. This mold derived from the

plant/wax/light study exhibited characteristics of a living integrated structural system.

The thermoforming process provides varying levels precision in relation to the mold.

Parameters, such as temperature, material, and duration effect the detail achieved. ThePolyEthylene Glycol skins indicate these level of detail. Above, the resulting skin

was less precise than below. The disadvantage of the more precise skin if the appear-

ance of the holes used for the vacuum the machine uses to suck the plastic to the mold.

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Spray Adhe-

sive + MDF dust

Spray Adhesive + MDF

dust/plaster mix

Duotone spray paint

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By rst creating a mold, an innite number of skins can be produced. This allowed

not only an investigation of the different levels of detail the thermoform process

can attain but also the materiality, I myself could produce from this very manufac-tured material process. The intent was to create the look and spatial experience

of a structural system integrated with a living vegetated wall. Thus, an MDF dust

produced this effect best under the parameters of lighting conditions and overall bi-

zarreness. a spray paint application revealed the effects of an opaque surface.

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The perpetuating and ever-mutating changes of jurisdictions and

agencies of authority requires an architectural vessel reective of those behaviors. Capsule ofces open and close depending onboundary changes and arising responsibilities. Tendons extendfrom a structurally laced core. When new ofce space is needed,the tendons contract around structural steel ribs fabricated off siteand put in place by tower personnel.

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This rst building gestural model at 1/8” began dening relation-ships between spaces and site. Key strategies developed here were:primary public vertical circulation occurs within the atrium; research

labs ank its western edge for peripheral light; ofce spaces of thejurisdiction as well meeting spaces ank the eastern edge; ofcesbecome capsule like spaces gradiating from the structure decom-pression. They open/form/close depending on ofce space needs.

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MODEL

N F E R S T R U C T U R E  an infrastructure that infers 

rather than from explicit}

U P R A S T R U C T U R E  an infrastructure that refers 

C A R E T A K E R tower S T U D I O 4 0 0

cal 

david j pearson

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{to deduce or conclude from evidence and reasoning

{to someone or something mentioned above or earlier}

{camp pendleton marine corps base, san diego, ca}

  Karen L a n g e

  2008-09 p a r t i a l c o m p l e t i o n o f b a r c h.  poly 

s i t e m o d e l ( 2 9 6 ) 

f i n a l w o r k i n g m o d e l ( 3 0 0 )

entry/atrium 306

spiral ramp 312

  capsules/tendons 314

research labs 322

observatory penthouse 328

program below/structural core 334

s y s t e m s ( 3 4 2 )

 

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The nal working model scaled at 1/4”began with a base constructed in a way tofurther understand this relationship of multiple systems. Its goal was` to ultimatelybuild a site model of tectonic quality that revealed unseen relationships. The struc-tural dowels presented a eld condition acting upon the site. They create a relation-ship to what is below that the mentality of a single surface can not produce.

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Public entrance on north view to interior atrium volume and abovelibrary space

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Entry path with spiraling ramp to river’s edge on left; elevator straight ahead and horizon upload space and reasearch labs toright

Atrium in plan: a continuous staircase meets a succession of ramps at each oor,rising another foot to meet the corresponding oor.

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Views rising along atrium counterclockwise

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Spiraling ramp from river level looking into entry/atrium space.Staircase ramp and capsules lie above.

The Ramp descends beneath a horizontal windowfacing the site sliver and interstate to the south.

Not far below, the change in river depth can beseen dpending on the tide.

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Capsule relationship to asending atrium ramp/staircase circulation.A series of plates connect to the landings to service the capsules andlibrary space. The library space sits above the north entry welcomingthe public. The live trace growth steel columns/plates extend to thecapsules and support the library space.

View from double story library space looking back into atrium with capsules to left

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Peripheral light from the atrium to the east lters into the research lab space. Research

lab ofces, digital labs, and conference rooms receive ltered light through the veg-etated strucutural west facade.

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The north facade sits adjacent to a row of existing eucalyptus trees atthe top of the hill. These trees demarcate the entry to the tower andlter the view of the interstate beyond.

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Worm’s eye view up structural spiralramp core. Core meets program belowto dene water treatment pools.

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Program below the ground plane includes water treatment and clas-sied military operations. The tower’s proximity to the river allowsconnection to the river and the water table providing water for thebuilding as well as pulling in toxic water from the river to treat.Building, farm, and railroad maintenance yard water all passesthrough this facility before its discharge into the river.

Series of stairs descend to water treatmentand classied military operations

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Blue scuppers allow the vegetated wall’s excess water to dripdown along the west face of the building, creating occasionalsheetings of water during periods of above average moisture.During periods of drought, the scuppers collect water each nightwhen the dew point is reached, much like an upside down um-brella or a canopy of trees in early morning.

When both the vegetated roof and fa-cade reach their saturation point, ex-cess water is diverted down the westface to the culvert which serves as anatural bioswale to cleanse the water before reaching the river.

Facade gutter

 Vegetated wall system with integrated scuppers

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West facade

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For the open plan required for plant research labs, the structureis pushed to the atrium as a structural steel webbing and to the

facade on the exterior. Vierendeel trusses within the oor platescarry loads to the vegetated/structural facade and allow underoor interstitial space. This facade blends with a vegetated system thatminimizes the western heating load and afternoon glare.

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 Vegetated wall-structural integration

Perforated metal screening

Live trace growth/steel base pilings extend-ing up along atrium as columns and trusses

Structure sans vegetation

The structural system emerges around the south independently,where it becomes 3 dimensional and ties into the steel base/live

trace columns and atrium steel webbing via trusses across the curv-ing ramps on the eastern side. To minimize heat load, a perforatedsteel screen partially covers the south face and extends below fromthe vegetated wall to cover the rst oor.

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Vegetated/Structural system expanding toward elevator core andlinking into live trace growth columns via trusses embedded in oor plates.

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David John Pearson

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STUDIO 400

K LANGE

2008-2009

California Polytechnic StateUniversity San Luis Obispo

Thank You Karen