K.K.WAGH COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE, NASHIK

Seminar on

Raw Sealing With Seed Certification Agency And Seed Treatment

Guided byProf. Sonawane S. V.

Presented bySurwase Pramod D.

Department of Agronomy

RAW SEALING WITH SEED CERTIFICATION

• After the proper harvesting of the crop the seed are to be packed in bag.

• For this step it has to be done in front of representr of seed certification agency.

• Any inert matter any impurity must be checked and them in front of seed certification officer the seed are to be packed in gunny bag with tag inside the bag.

Seed Certification

• It is a legally sanctioned system for quality control and seed multiplication and production. It involves field inspection, pre and post control tests and seed quality tests.

Purpose of seed certification

• To maintain and make available to the farmers, through certification, high quality seeds and propagating materials of notified kind and varieties. The seeds are so grown as to ensure genetic identity and genetic purity.

Eligibility for certification of crop varieties

• Seeds of only those varieties which are notified under section 5 of the Seeds Act, 1966 shall be eligible for Certification.

• Breeder seed is exempted from Certification. Foundation and Certified class seeds come under Certification.

• Breeder seed is produced by the plant breeder which is inspected by a monitoring team consisting of the breeder.

Phases of seed certification or Seed certification procedures

1. Receipt & Scrutiny of application 2. Verification of seed source 3. Field inspection 4. Post harvest supervision of seed crops 5. Seed sampling & testing 6. Labelling, tagging, sealing and grant of

certificate.

Functions of the Certification Agency. –

In addition to the functions entrusted to the certification agency by the Act, the Agency shall-

(a) certify seeds of any notified kinds or varieties;(b) outline the procedure for submission of

applications and for growing, harvesting, processing, storage and labellilng of seeds intended for certification till the end to ensure that seed lots finally approved for certification are true to variety .

c) maintain a list of recognised breeders of seeds;

(d) verify, upon receipt of an application for certification that the variety is eligible for certification, that the seed source used for planting was authenticated and the record of purchase is in accordance with these rules and the fees have been paid;

(e) take sample and inspect seed lots produced under the procedure laid down by the certification agency and have such samples tested to ensure that the seed conforms to the prescribed standards of certification;

(f) inspect seed processing plants to see that the admixtures of other kinds and varieties are not introduced.

(g) ensure that action at all stages, e.g. field inspection, seed processing plant inspection, analysis of samples taken.

(h) carry out educational programmes designed to promote the use of certified seed including a publication listing certified seed growers and sources of certified seed;

(i) grant certificates (including tags labels, seals etc.) (ii) in accordance with the provisions of the Act and these

rules;

(j) maintain such records as may be necessary to verify that seed plants for the production of certified seed were eligible for such planting under these rules;

(j) maintain such records as may be necessary to verify that seed plants for the production of certified seed were eligible for such planting under these rules;

(k) inspect fields to ensure that the minimum standards for isolation, rouging (where applicable) use of male sterility (where applicable) and similar factors are maintained at all times, as well as ensure that seed borne diseases are not present in the field to a greater extent than those provided in the standards for certification.

Processing of Seed

Raw seed

Pre-cleaner Large impurities

Seed cleanerSmall impurities like

chaff and dust

Indented cylinder

Specific Gravity Separator

Broken grain

Packaging & storage of graded seeds

SEED TREATMENT

Seed Treatment

• Seed treatment refers to the application of fungicide, insecticide, or a combination of both, to seeds so as to disinfect and disinfest them seed-borne or soil-borne pathogenic organism and storage insects.

• It also refers to the subjecting of seeds to solar energy exposure, immersion in conditioned water, etc. The seed treatment is done to achieve the following benefits.

Benefits of Seed Treatment:

• 1. Prevention of Spread of Plant Diseases:• The disease from treatment standpoint may be

conveniently grouped under three types- a) Systemic Disease: That infect the seed during the harvest or storage

period resulting in infection of seed , E. g Bunt or stinking smut of wheat, Helminthosporium blight of barley, loose and covered smut of oats; head and kernel smuts of rye , smuts of millet .

Appropriate seed treatment is significantly effective in controlling these diseases.

b) Systemic Diseases:

That infect seed during the flowering stage to become established within the seed and from there within the resulting plant.Such diseases include loose smuts of wheat. Treatment with systemic fungicides.

c) Non-systemic Disease:

Diseases that infect seed during the harvest or storage period. Such diseases includes Helminthosporium blight, blotches or blight of barley, oats, rice , rye , sorghum, wheat and Fusarium.

2. Seed Treatement:

Protects seed from seed rot and seedling blights.

Seed treatment, by its protective coating around the seed, acts as a barrier once the seed is planted to ward off attack by both seed-borne and soil-borne organisms.

These organisms affect, all crop seeds and the degree of attack depends upon a number of factors of particular importance are the organisms.

They may rot the seed before germination gets well started, or they may kill the seedling before it emerges.

The fungicide treatment compensates by protecting these cracks and abrasions from entrance of fungi.

3. Improves Germination:

Seed treatment often improves the standard of germination through the control of seed surface flora,

though normally not considered pathogenic; this may infect the seed following moist harvesting and storage conditions.

In the germination test it may smother the seed before it has a chance to germinate

4. Provides Protection from Storage Insects:

The protection of seed from insect damage during storage is of increasing importance with the trend towards processing, treating and unit packaging of seeds at harvest time. For complete protection it is necessary to treat seed with insecticide also.Insecticides are more needed in warm storage than cool storage.

5. Controlling Soil Insects:This can be done through combination treatment –the process of addition of an insecticide with fungicide for the added protection of the seed and seedling against certain soil insects.

Types of Seed Treatment

1. Seed Disinfection:

Seed disinfection refers to the eradication of fungal spores that have become established within the seed coat, or in more deep- seated tissues.

For effective control, the fungicidal treatment must actually penetrate the seed in order to kill the fungus that is present.

2. Seed Disinfestations:

Seed disinfestations refer to the destruction of surface borne organisms that have contaminated the seed surface but not infected the seed surface.

Chemical dips, soaks, fungicides applied as dust, slurry or liquid have been found successful.

3. Seed Protection:

The purpose of seed protection is to protect the seed and young seedling from organisms in the soil which might otherwise cause decay of the seed before germination.

Precaution in Seed Treatment

Most products used in the treatment of seeds are harmful to humans, but they can also be harmful to seeds.

Extreme care is required to ensure that treated seed is never used as human or animal food.

To minimise this possibility, treated seed should be clearly labelled as being dangerous, if consumed.

Care must also be taken to treat seed at the correct dosage rate,

If the seeds are to be treated with bacterial cultures also, the order in which seed treatments should be done shall be as follows :

1)Fungicide 2)Bacterial Cultures.

applying too much or too little material can be as damaging as never treating at all.

Seed with a very high moisture content is very susceptible to injury when treated with some of the concentrated liquid products.

THANK YOU….