field research election: october 21 · 10/5/2019  · and the haters gonna hate, hate, hate, hate,...

25
Thinking about rituals and power: how is the meaning of the “hakuna matata” ritual affected by changes in both individual and social contexts? How might the meaning of a text be affected by who is reading it? How might the meaning of a text be affected by who the author is? 1 2 Contract due October 11 Find 1 or 2 partners! Pick a place to visit! Can change your minds later! 3 Field Research Election: October 21 4

Upload: others

Post on 21-Jul-2020

12 views

Category:

Documents


0 download

TRANSCRIPT

Page 1: Field Research Election: October 21 · 10/5/2019  · And the haters gonna hate, hate, hate, hate, hate Baby, I'm just gonna shake, shake, shake, shake, shake I shake it off, I shake

• Thinking about rituals and power: how is the meaning of the “hakuna matata” ritual affected by changes in both individual and social contexts?

• How might the meaning of a text be affected by who is reading it?

• How might the meaning of a text be affected by who the author is?

1 2

• Contract due October 11➡ Find 1 or 2 partners!

➡ Pick a place to visit!

➡ Can change your minds later!

3

Field Research

Election: October 21

4

Page 2: Field Research Election: October 21 · 10/5/2019  · And the haters gonna hate, hate, hate, hate, hate Baby, I'm just gonna shake, shake, shake, shake, shake I shake it off, I shake

Next week:Reading Week!

5

5. Ritual + “Texts”

6

Today

• Finish: Ritual!

➡ Power + rites of passage

• Film Analysis

• “Texts”:

1. Theories of texts2. What do texts mean? 3. Which texts do we study?4. Why study texts?

7

Ritual

8

Page 3: Field Research Election: October 21 · 10/5/2019  · And the haters gonna hate, hate, hate, hate, hate Baby, I'm just gonna shake, shake, shake, shake, shake I shake it off, I shake

9

1. What is ritual?

2. Ritual studies

3. Theories of ritual

What is Ritual?

• Ritual = stuff people DO (i.e., actions)

➡ But which stuff??

➡ Many definitions!

• Ritual as meaningful action

➡ Meaning is relational➡ Meaning depends on the people and the

context

10

Ritual Studies1. Ritual studies showed that actions were

important in religion

➡ Religion was not only about belief

2. Shift in focus within ritual studies

➡ From “Is this action a ritual?” to “What does this action mean?”

11

Ritual Theories

• Many theories focus on the FUNCTION of ritual (not “content”)

➡ Not about (symbolic) meaning (e.g., bread = body of Christ)

➡ About the effect of the action(s) on participants (e.g., rituals help create relationships)

12

Page 4: Field Research Election: October 21 · 10/5/2019  · And the haters gonna hate, hate, hate, hate, hate Baby, I'm just gonna shake, shake, shake, shake, shake I shake it off, I shake

Ritual Theories

• Emile Durkheim (society)

• Sigmund Freud (neurosis)

• Harvey Whitehouse (memory)

• Malory Nye (power)

• Arnold van Gennep (rites of passage)

13

Harvey Whitehouse

• Rituals and memory (p. 143-4)

1. “Imagistic” mode: high intensity (dramatic and/or traumatic)

❖ E.g., wedding, funeral, assault

2. “Doctrinal” mode: mundane repetition (routine)

❖ E.g., daily prayer, national anthem

14

15

Imagistic

16

Doctrinal

Page 5: Field Research Election: October 21 · 10/5/2019  · And the haters gonna hate, hate, hate, hate, hate Baby, I'm just gonna shake, shake, shake, shake, shake I shake it off, I shake

Harvey Whitehouse

• Rituals and memory (p. 143-4)

1. “Imagistic” mode: high intensity (dramatic and/or traumatic)

2. “Doctrinal” mode: mundane repetition (routine)

• What about rituals such as:

➡ Ramadan; Christmas; Rosh Hashanah; Diwali; attending weddings?

17

Power

• Rituals involve power relations (p. 149)

➡ Can express power or challenge power

➡ (Note: this is not Nye’s theory)

18

19

Power

20

Power

Page 6: Field Research Election: October 21 · 10/5/2019  · And the haters gonna hate, hate, hate, hate, hate Baby, I'm just gonna shake, shake, shake, shake, shake I shake it off, I shake

21

Power Power

• The same ritual can mean different things

• Need to know contexts

➡ Bloch: social/historical contexts (p. 149)

❖ E.g., royal wedding

➡ Bell: individual contexts (p. 150)

❖ E.g., attending lecture

22

Hakuna Matata

23

Power• The same ritual can mean different things

• Hakuna Matata?

➡ Bloch: social/historical contexts (p. 149)

❖ E.g., T+P help Simba overthrow Scar once they all learn about Pride Lands

➡ Bell: individual contexts (p. 150)

❖ E.g., friendship helps T+P in a different way than it helps Simba

24

Page 7: Field Research Election: October 21 · 10/5/2019  · And the haters gonna hate, hate, hate, hate, hate Baby, I'm just gonna shake, shake, shake, shake, shake I shake it off, I shake

Ritual Studies: Example

25 26

• What is the meaning of this action?

27

• What is the meaning of this action?

Theories:

• Durkheim?

• Freud?

• Whitehouse?

• Power?

28

• What is the meaning of this action?

Possible meanings:

• Durkheim: Form relationships

• Freud: Avoid difficulties?

• Whitehouse: Remember

• Power: Express/challenge power

Page 8: Field Research Election: October 21 · 10/5/2019  · And the haters gonna hate, hate, hate, hate, hate Baby, I'm just gonna shake, shake, shake, shake, shake I shake it off, I shake

• Examples?

• Indigenous rites of passage:

➡ Pondo healers

➡ Anishinaubae vision quest

➡ Wiradjuri boys

29

Rites of Passage

• Rituals and transformation

➡ Rituals often involve changes of some kind

➡ Space, time, social relations, etc.

➡ Boundaries

➡ Rites of passage

30

Arnold van Gennep

1. Separation➡ Death of old self; leave home

2. Liminality

➡ “Threshold”; anti-structure

3. Incorporation

➡ Birth of new self; go home (new/old); physical change?

31

Arnold van GennepRite of passage = literal / symbolic journey

32

Pondo Rite of Passage

(liminal stage)

Page 9: Field Research Election: October 21 · 10/5/2019  · And the haters gonna hate, hate, hate, hate, hate Baby, I'm just gonna shake, shake, shake, shake, shake I shake it off, I shake

• Limin = “threshold”

➡ Doorway, path, tunnel, etc.

• Liminal stage (from Nye, p. 147):

➡ Inversion of “normal” life

➡ Different dress/place/behaviour

➡ Bizarre, upside-down

➡ Anti-structure, opposite of normal

33

Rite of Passage

34

Rite of Passage

Time

InitialStatus

NewStatus

35

Rite of Passage

Time

Sepa

ratio

n

InitialStatus

NewStatus

Inco

rpor

atio

n

LIMINALSTAGE

Threshold

36

First Time Voting

Time

Sepa

ratio

n

InitialStatus

NewStatus

Inco

rpor

atio

n

LIMINALSTAGE

Threshold

Page 10: Field Research Election: October 21 · 10/5/2019  · And the haters gonna hate, hate, hate, hate, hate Baby, I'm just gonna shake, shake, shake, shake, shake I shake it off, I shake

37

Time

Sepa

ratio

n

InitialStatus

NewStatus

Inco

rpor

atio

n

LIMINALSTAGE

Young + Disenfranchised VOTE! Politically

Engaged Citizen?

First Time Voting

38

39

Rite of Passage: Simba

Time

Sepa

ratio

n

InitialStatus

NewStatus

Inco

rpor

atio

n

LIMINALSTAGE

Threshold

40

Rite of Passage: Simba

Time

M d

ies,

S ch

ased

aw

ay

Cub King

S re

turn

s to

Pri

de L

ands

Timon + Pumbaa

Irresponsible + Immature

Hakuna MatataAccepts

Responsibility

Page 11: Field Research Election: October 21 · 10/5/2019  · And the haters gonna hate, hate, hate, hate, hate Baby, I'm just gonna shake, shake, shake, shake, shake I shake it off, I shake

Separation

41 42

Symbolic Death

Liminality

43

Incorporation

44

Page 12: Field Research Election: October 21 · 10/5/2019  · And the haters gonna hate, hate, hate, hate, hate Baby, I'm just gonna shake, shake, shake, shake, shake I shake it off, I shake

45 46

47

Page 13: Field Research Election: October 21 · 10/5/2019  · And the haters gonna hate, hate, hate, hate, hate Baby, I'm just gonna shake, shake, shake, shake, shake I shake it off, I shake

Film Assignments!

49

Film Paragraph

• Grades + assignments will be posted later this week

• Overall: well done! Yay!

• You ≠ your grades

• First assignment only worth 5%

➡ Chance to learn and improve

50

• Key problem: not following instructions

➡ Some penalties in quantitative rubric

• Grading process + appeals

➡ Will post announcement

➡ Not graded to achieve certain average

➡ C = adequate (UofT standard)

51

Film Paragraph

• Learning and improving

➡ Education!

➡ Please look at feedback from TA

➡ Also look at samples posted on Quercus (under Assignments > Film Paragraph)

➡ Students who met with me or the TAs improved their work

52

Film Paragraph

Page 14: Field Research Election: October 21 · 10/5/2019  · And the haters gonna hate, hate, hate, hate, hate Baby, I'm just gonna shake, shake, shake, shake, shake I shake it off, I shake

Film Analysis

• Film Analysis: due Oct. 22

• Tiny extension! New deadline is Oct. 23

• Yes: use theory to interpret film

• No: use film to understand theory (or use film to illustrate or prove theory)

53 54

Film Analysis

• Documents on Quercus!

➡ Film Analysis Instructions

➡ Film Analysis Theories

➡ Grading rubric

55

Film Analysis

• Also review Film Paragraph documents!

➡ Film Paragraph Advice + Examples

➡ Example Film Paragraph with Comments

56

Film Analysis

• Use theory to interpret film

➡ Avoid the obvious!

➡ Look for interesting questions

➡ Start with what you don’t understand

➡ E.g., why are Scar and Mufasa so different? Why do Timon and Pumbaa help Simba fight against Scar?

Page 15: Field Research Election: October 21 · 10/5/2019  · And the haters gonna hate, hate, hate, hate, hate Baby, I'm just gonna shake, shake, shake, shake, shake I shake it off, I shake

• 4 paragraphs in total:

1. Belief (revised!)

2. Ritual

3. Text

4. Reflection

Film Analysis

57

Oct. 21 tutorial homework (bring 2 copies)

• Ask for help!

➡ Me / your TA (office hours Oct. 21–23)

➡ RG Academic Skills Centre

➡ Accessibility Resource Centre

➡ Health + Counselling Centre

58

Film Analysis

u Walk-in Clinic on campus u Davis Building 1st floor

u Open to all UofT students u Doctors

u Nurses u Counselors

u Nutritionist

u Flu Shots

u Medications and Vaccination

Film Analysis• Ritual paragraph

➡ Do not worry about whether an action is a “ritual” or not

➡ Simply use a theory of ritual to analyze any action(s) that interest you

➡ Question: what does the action mean?

➡ Using Freud’s theory, it’s possible to see that Simba uses the “hakuna matata” ritual to avoid dealing with problems.

60

Page 16: Field Research Election: October 21 · 10/5/2019  · And the haters gonna hate, hate, hate, hate, hate Baby, I'm just gonna shake, shake, shake, shake, shake I shake it off, I shake

Film Analysis

• Text paragraph

• Apply theories to “texts” WITHIN the film

➡ “Text” = anything in the film that is spoken, sung, written, named, signed, etc.

➡ “Author” = character who writes or speaks

➡ “Reader” = character who reads or listens

• E.g.,“Hakuna Matata”: Author? Reader?

61

• Do NOT do the following:

➡ “Text” = screenplay of the film

➡ “Author” = writer of the screenplay

➡ “Reader” = viewer of the film

62

Film Analysis

“Texts!”

63

Author – Text – Reader

64

Page 17: Field Research Election: October 21 · 10/5/2019  · And the haters gonna hate, hate, hate, hate, hate Baby, I'm just gonna shake, shake, shake, shake, shake I shake it off, I shake

“Texts”

65

1. Theories of texts

2. What do texts mean?

3. Which texts do we study?

4. Why study texts?

1. Theories of texts

66

• Authorship (p. 169–71): Michel Foucault + Roland Barthes

• Readers (p. 176–78):Wolfgang Iser + Stanley Fish

• Gender (p. 178): Judith Fetterley + Julia Leslie

• Language + interpretation (p. 158–59): Jacques Derrida

67

Authorship

• Two issues re: meaning of a text:

1. Barthes: “Death” of the author (=author’s intent is NOT important in determining the meaning[s] of a text)

2. Foucault: author’s identity IS important in determining the meaning(s) of a text (status, expertise, gender, etc.)

68

Page 18: Field Research Election: October 21 · 10/5/2019  · And the haters gonna hate, hate, hate, hate, hate Baby, I'm just gonna shake, shake, shake, shake, shake I shake it off, I shake

“You know this is your master, eh?

Do you feel the lash?”

69

Author’s Intent Does NOT Determine Meaning? (Barthes) Song

• “Shake It Off” by Taylor Swift (2014)

70

“Shake It Off”I stay out too late

Got nothing in my brainThat’s what people say, mmm-mmm That’s what people say, mmm-mmm

‘Cause the players gonna play, play, play, play, playAnd the haters gonna hate, hate, hate, hate, hate

Baby, I'm just gonna shake, shake, shake, shake, shakeI shake it off, I shake it off

71

“Shake It Off”I stay out too late

Got nothing in my brainThat’s what people say, mmm-mmmThat’s what people say, mmm-mmm

‘Cause the players gonna play, play, play, play, playAnd the haters gonna hate, hate, hate, hate, hate

Baby, I'm just gonna shake, shake, shake, shake, shakeI shake it off, I shake it off

72

author’s identity IS important to meaning (Foucault)

Page 19: Field Research Election: October 21 · 10/5/2019  · And the haters gonna hate, hate, hate, hate, hate Baby, I'm just gonna shake, shake, shake, shake, shake I shake it off, I shake

Hakuna Matata

73

One True King

74

What kind of texts are involved in elections?

75

“There is absolutely no room in Canada for intolerance, racism, and extremism.”

76

Andrew Scheer

Jagmeet Singh

Justin Trudeau

Page 20: Field Research Election: October 21 · 10/5/2019  · And the haters gonna hate, hate, hate, hate, hate Baby, I'm just gonna shake, shake, shake, shake, shake I shake it off, I shake

77

Trans Mountain Pipeline

2015 Election

Issue: pipeline running through Indigenous lands

APTN Interviewer: “Would no mean no under your government?”

Trudeau: “Absolutely.”

78

September 1: The Two Sides of Canada

79 80

“just say the truth.”

Page 21: Field Research Election: October 21 · 10/5/2019  · And the haters gonna hate, hate, hate, hate, hate Baby, I'm just gonna shake, shake, shake, shake, shake I shake it off, I shake

How does the author’s identity affect the meaning

of the following texts?

81 82

Adolf Hitler

83 84

Page 22: Field Research Election: October 21 · 10/5/2019  · And the haters gonna hate, hate, hate, hate, hate Baby, I'm just gonna shake, shake, shake, shake, shake I shake it off, I shake

Readers

• Iser: meaning produced by relation b/t reader and text (very broad idea)

• Fish: identity of reader affects how they read a text

➡ Science book read by scientist vs. artist

➡ Bible read by Christian vs. Hindu

➡ Nye’s book for you now vs. last month

➡ Scheer quote for Liberal vs. Conservative 85 86

Adolf Hitler

Gender

• Fetterley: “important” texts written by, for, and about men

➡ Most often male “voice” is heard

➡ Sacred texts?

➡ The Lion King?

• Leslie: gender of reader may impact how a text is read

➡ See Iser + Fish 87

“Wives, be subject to your husbands as you are to the Lord. For the husband is the head of

the wife just as Christ is the head of the church.” (Ephesians 5:22)

“Let a woman learn in silence with full submission. I permit no woman to teach or to

have authority over a man; she is to keep silent.” (I Timothy 2:11-12)

88

The New Testament

Page 23: Field Research Election: October 21 · 10/5/2019  · And the haters gonna hate, hate, hate, hate, hate Baby, I'm just gonna shake, shake, shake, shake, shake I shake it off, I shake

Jacques Derrida• Logocentrism (p. 159)

• Belief that words are window to the world

89

Logocentrism: The Office S04E04

I . . . DECARE . . . BANKRUPTCYYYYY!

Jacques Derrida1. Texts are important

2. The meanings of texts are variable

91

Jacques Derrida1. Texts are important

➡ We live in worlds shaped by texts

➡ Course syllabi, essay instructions, laws, political promises

➡ Sacred texts!

➡ The Lion King

92

Page 24: Field Research Election: October 21 · 10/5/2019  · And the haters gonna hate, hate, hate, hate, hate Baby, I'm just gonna shake, shake, shake, shake, shake I shake it off, I shake

Jacques Derrida2. The meanings of texts are variable

➡ Unstable links between words + reality

➡ Meaning affected by changes in history, context, author, reader, etc.

➡ Meaning of words not fixed

➡ Icon

93 94

Icon: The Ladder of Divine Ascent

(12th C)

95

“Fuggetaboutit”

(warning: language)

agree disagree the greatest

go to hell forget about it

Page 25: Field Research Election: October 21 · 10/5/2019  · And the haters gonna hate, hate, hate, hate, hate Baby, I'm just gonna shake, shake, shake, shake, shake I shake it off, I shake

Have a great Reading Week!

97 98

99 100