field sampling & lab methods - us epa · 2016. 3. 27. · title: field sampling and lab methods...
TRANSCRIPT
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Field Sampling & Lab Methods
Roger B. Green
US EPA Workshop on Bioreactor LandfillsArlington, VirginiaFebruary 27, 2003
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Introduction
• Sampling and Analysis Objectives• Overview of Methods• Field and laboratory methods useful for
measuring performance of Bioreactor Landfills
• Questions
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What Do We Want to Know?
• Operational Performance: Degradation State of the Landfill– Chemical characterization of gas, liquid and solid
media indicators of waste degradation– Measurement of waste settlement
• Environmental Performance: Safety and Regulatory Compliance – RCRA, CAA and other regulatory requirements:
head on liner, groundwater monitoring, LFGCCS management, and SEM
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Landfill Maturation
II IIII IIIIII IVIV VV
N2N2
O2O2
CH4CH4
CO2CO2
8080
6060
4040
2020
00 200200 400400 600600
CODCOD
TVATVA
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Gas
• Landfill Gas Quality– Major Constituents: CH4, CO2, O2, N2
• Gas extraction well heads, headers, or probes• Grab samples, direct or continuous monitoring• Field instruments or lab analysis using infrared,
GC-FID or GC-TCD.– Trace Constituents: HAPs and NMOCs
• Grab samples using Suma canisters and laboratory analysis
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Gas Quality
• 50-60% CH4
• 40-50% CO2– Air infiltration– Oxidation– Interferences (H2O and
hydrocarbons)– Replicates, maintenance,
calibration, use a written SOP, and record keeping.
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Documentation
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Landfill Gas
• Landfill Gas Production Measurement– Measured at flares,
gas extraction headers or well heads
– Periodic or continuous measurement using orifice plates, pitottubes, or thermal mass flow meters.
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Flow Measurement
• Proper specification for device
• Calibration of pressure transducers or gauges
• Record atmospheric pressure and temperature
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Liquids
• Volume and flow rate• Chemical characterization
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Leachate Production
• Precipitation• Added Liquids • Flow meters in leachate
collection sump discharge/liquid injection piping– Totalized flow and flow
rate.– Full pipe flow and straight
run requirements.
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Leachate Quality
Sample collection – Collect a representative
sample– Properly preserve the
sample– Document activities and
observations– Chain of custody and
appropriate shipping or storage
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Leachate Quality
Field Parameters– pH– Electrical
conductivity– Temperature– COD, ammonia
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Documentation
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Leachate Quality
Laboratory Analyses– Certified Lab (State,
CLP, USACE)– QA/QC Plans– Audits– Services (EDD,
supplies)
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Solids Characterization
• Waste stream composition – (MSW, C&D, sludge)
• Waste deposition records • Sampling techniques and
considerations– In situ temperature and ORP sensors– Moisture content– Component and specialized analyses
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Temperature and ORP
• Type K thermocouples
• Gel filled ORP electrodes
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Solids Sampling
• Randomized selection of sample locations
• Surveyed and staked
• Composite samples from each bucket
• Record temperature, appearance, depth, pH
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Compositing and Temperature
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Waste pH Measurement
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Sonic Drilling
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Solids Characterization
• Moisture content• Biochemical
Methane Potential• Cellulose,
hemicellulose, lignin• Volatile solids
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Waste Settlement
SurveyGPSFlyoverSettlement Plates
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GPS Surface Survey
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Final Points
• Use standard methods and operating procedures
• Document activities and observations