field testing – commissioning & routine tests ii · field testing – commissioning &...

Diagnostics of Cable Systems

Field Testing ndash Commissioning amp Routine

Tests II

Bruce Olson amp Nigel Hampton


Nigel Hampton

2


Outline

bull Diagnostic Techniques

bull Purpose of Diagnostics

bull Accuracies

bull Diagnostic Outputs

3


4

Test Types

Testing

Development ndash tests made in the development phase amp prior to approval tests

Approval ndash tests made on a design before commercial supply

to show satisfactory performance

Routine ndash tests made on every component

Field ndash tests made on a complete system


Field Tests

Field Testing

Commissioning

Diagnostic

Return to Service

Normal Work

After Failure


Commissioning

Tests carried out with a known chain of custody ndash we know what has

happened to the system


Commissioning Tests- HV amp EHV

HV ndash mainly Proof Test with a resonant system only some PD

EHV ndash Proof Test with a resonant system and PD


Voltage Time Profile for HV amp EHV Commissioning

8


Commissioning Tests - MV

bull Soak System Voltage bull Very Low Frequency (VLF) Proof Tests bull Partial Discharge (PD)

bull These do not replicate Factory Tests as generally only

PD or Proof tests are done bull Factory Test criteria can be relevant in decision making


Bruce Olson


Diagnostics

Tests carried out without a known chain of custody ndash we really donrsquot know

what has happened to the system


Diagnostic Tests - MV

Technologies currently discussed bull Time Domain Reflectometry (TDR) bull Simple Dielectric Withstand bull Dielectric Loss (Tan δ amp Dielectric Spectroscopy) bull Online Partial Discharge (PD) bull Offline Partial Discharge (PD) bull Isothermal Relaxation Current (IRC) bull Recovery Voltage (RV) bull Damped AC (DAC) - currently not used in North America


Time Domain Reflectometry


TDR Equipment

Accessed 9302009 httpwwwbauratenproductscable-fault-locationirg-2000html


Time Domain Reflectometry (TDR) Test Description bull Measures changes in the cable impedance as a function of

circuit length by observing the pattern of wave reflections bull Used to identify locations of accessories faults etc

Field Application bull Offline test that uses a low voltage high frequency pulse

generator bull Testing may be performed by a service provider or utility crew


TDR Principles

Near End TDR Equipment

Far End

Joint L

Joint


TDR can be Feature Rich


Simple Dielectric Withstand

18


28kV

60kV 34kV

56kV WPD amp TD

60kV

60kV

28kV

54kV

30kV

60kV

VLF MODELS FROM VARIOUS VENDORS

34kV


VLF Waveforms

SEBAKMT VLF40 5kv RMS with 280feet XLPE Load

-8000

-6000

-4000

-2000

0

2000

4000

6000

Volta

ge (k

V)

HVA30 5kV RMS with 280feet XLPE Load

-8000

-6000

-4000

-2000

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

Volta

ge (k

V)

Sinusoidal

Cosine-Rectangular


Simple Dielectric Withstand Test Description bull Application of voltage above normal operating voltage for a

prescribed duration bull Attempts to drive weakest location(s) within cable segment to

failure while segment is not in service

Field Application bull Offline test that may use

ndash DC ndash 60 Hz AC ndash VLF AC ndash Damped AC

bull Testing may be performed by a service provider or utility crew


Setup

22

VLF DUT


23


Withstand Test Process

HOLD EARLY

Time

oltage

t = 0 tTest

Voltages and Times for VLF covered in IEEE Std 4002

The goal is to have circuit out of service test it such that ldquoimminentrdquo service failures are made to occur on the test and not in service

Hold Entry

Ramp Entry


25

Dielectric Loss (Tan δ)


TD Assesment

26


Tan δ Equipment


Dielectric Loss (Tan δ) Test Description bull Measures total cable system loss (cable elbows splices amp terminations) bull May be performed at one or more frequencies (dielectric spectroscopy) bull May be performed at multiple voltage levels bull Monitoring may be conducted for long durations


ndash 60 Hz AC ndash VLF AC ndash Damped AC

bull Testing may be performed by a service provider or utility crew bull Step voltage up to pre determined level with post test analysis


Setup

29

VLF DUT Tan Delta

Data


Cable System Equivalent

T C S C T



T C S C TCable system (cable splices and terminations) is reduced to simple circuit

Tan δ


SIMPLIFIED CABLE MODEL AND PHASOR Tan Delta = IRIC = 1(2πfCR)

The tangent of this angle is calculated

δ

I

V

IC

IR

IR IC

= tangent of δ


Dielectric Loss Test Process

Time

Voltage

Loss measurement


34

Tan δ Ramp Test Data

Time [min]

Tan-

delt

a [1

e-3]

543210

100

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

05101517

[pu]Voltage

Time [min]

Tan-

delt

a [1

e-3]

543210

100

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

05101517

[pu]Voltage

Time [min]

Tan-

delt

a [1

e-3]

543210

100

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

05101517

[pu]Voltage

Mean

could be used)Standard Deviation - IQRScatter (represented by

Tip Up

Time [min]

Tan-

delt

a [1

e-3]

543210

100

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

05101517

[pu]Voltage

MeanTip Up

30 Cycles


Tan δ Monitored Withstand


Monitored Withstand Test Protocol

HOLD Tan δ Ramp

Time

Voltage

Focus in this section is on the Hold Phase


Ways Not to Pass a Monitored Withstand

Failure ndash Insulation puncture

OR

High Dielectric Loss

OR

High Instability ndash Measured by standard deviation in consecutive measurements at one voltage level


Tan δ - MV Test Protocol

38

Voltage [U0]

025 050 075 10 125 150 175 20 225 25

Frequency [Hz]

002

005

010

Features bull Stability 01 Hz amp U0 bull Tip Up 01 Hz amp between 15 U0 amp 05 U0 bull Mean Tan δ 01 Hz amp U0

Ramp Withstand


If this had been a Simple Withstand

Length Tested (miles)1086420

18 Segments Tested

No Failures On Test


Sequence of Lengths Tested (miles)1086420




Pass - Un Stable Loss

Pass - Stable Loss

60 min test

30 min test

Monitored Withstand - Stability



Pass - Stable Loss

18 Segments Tested

60 min test

30 min test


41

Offline Partial Discharge


Offline PD Equipment for MV or HV


Offline Partial Discharge Test Description bull Measurement and interpretation of partial discharge signals

above normal operating voltages bull Signal reflections (combined with TDR information) allows

location to be identified within cable segment


ndash 60 Hz AC service provider ndash VLF AC utility crew ndash Damped AC utility crew

bull Step voltage up to pre determined level with post test analysis


PD Setup and Calibration

bull Cable Map bull TDR

ndash Length ndash Splices ndash Propagation velocity

bull Calibration ndash Inject 05 1 or 2 nC signal ndash Verify TDR info

Jicablersquo11 19 - 23 June 2011 - Versailles - France


PD Interpretation

ndash Voltage ndash PD Level ndash Frequency ndash Location ndash Discharge Pattern (phase resolved) ndash Phase to phase ndash Year to year


Setup

46

VLF DUT

PD SENSORS

FILTER

Data


47


Differences for PD Tests

Laboratory Field Calibrated ndash how many mV = pC

X

Sensitivity Check ndash can a PD like signal be seen

X

PD Technique Defined IEC

Variable Wide

Bandwidth

Criteria Defined Depends upon

situation


Offline PD Test Process

Time

oltage

Discharge measurement


PD Pulse


Offline PD (60 amp 01Hz) Outcome Sequences

No PD

PD

A

B

C


52

Online Partial Discharge


Setup

53

DUT

PD SENSORS Data


Online PD Equipment

httpwwwutilxcompdfsCableWISE_Generation_Sample_Reportpdf


Online Partial Discharge Test Description bull Measurement and interpretation of discharge and signals on

cable segments andor accessories bull Signals captured over minutes hours bull Monitoring may be conducted for long durations

Field Application bull Online test that does not require external voltage supply (no

customer outage required) bull Testing performed by a service provider bull Assessment criteria are unique to each embodiment of the

technology bull Measurements require sensor placement at multiple locations

along cable circuit


Online PD Test Process

Time

U0

oltage

Continuous measurement


Distribution of PD along Lengths bull 5000 ft portion of sample feeder

bull Mixture of different PD levels for different sections and accessories

Cable Section Accessory

No PD

PD


Nigel Hampton

58


Current Use of Diagnostics

59


60

Safe


61

Effective


62

Useful


63

Valuable


Utility Use of MV Diagnostics

VLF DC Tan Delta

PD On PD Off TDR

IRC DAC

No UseOccasionalStandardTesting

Category


65

Lengths Tested

Cable Length - log (ft)

Perc

ent

100

75

50

25

00100000100001000100

100000100001000100

100

75

50

25

00

PD Tan D

VLF Withstand

Panel variable Technique

Median 814 ftMedian 485 ft

Median 3500 ft

Based on diagnostic data supplied to CDFI Measurements made with TDR

TDR


Distribution of Causes for MV Failures

Unknown11Terminations

56

Splices371 Cable

562


Locations of Failures differ between Utilities

Percentage

C1

16144

23137

1519241121

20106

173

229

121858

21

100806040200

5539CableUnknown SourceAccessories

Uti

lity


Accuracy

68


Objective of Diagnostic Tests The target population contains both ldquoGoodrdquo and ldquoBadrdquo components

ndash ldquoGoodrdquo ndash Will not fail within diagnostic time horizon ndash ldquoBadrdquo ndash Will fail within diagnostic time horizon

ldquoBadrdquo Components ldquoGoodrdquo Components Target Population


Diagnostic Operation Applying the diagnostic will separate the population into bull No Action Required group bull Action Required group

No Action Required Action Required


Accuracies

212019181716151413121110987654321

100

80

60

40

20

0212019181716151413121110987654321

No Action Accuracy

Dataset

Dia

gnos

tic

Acc

urac

y

Action Accuracy

212019181716151413121110987654321

100

80

60

40

20

0212019181716151413121110987654321

No Action Accuracy

Dataset

Dia

gnos

tic

Acc

urac

y

Action Accuracy

212019181716151413121110987654321

100

80

60

40

20

0212019181716151413121110987654321

No Action Accuracy

Dataset

Dia

gnos

tic

Acc

urac

y

Action AccuracyVariable time horizons of 1-8 years


Group Sizes ndash Act vs Not Act

Not ActAct

100

80

60

40

20

0

Test

s [

of

Tota

l]


All Accuracies

Overall AccuracyAction AccuracyNo Action Accuracy

100

80

60

40

20

0

Dia

gnos

tic

Acc

urac

y

989

100

05

10

497

925


Using Results from Diagnostics

74


Outputs from Diagnostics

Numeric Survival

Pass Fail

Classification

Good Bad 1 2 3 4 5 NA FS AR

Replace Defer

Time Reflectometry (TDR) X X Simple Dielectric Withstand X Dielectric Loss (Tan δ) X X Online Partial Discharge (PD) X Offline Partial Discharge (PD) X Monitored Withstand X X X

Characteristics Transparent Repeatable Updatable

Unambiguous Opaque

Not Repeatable Not Updateable

75


Route to Use Diagnostics

bull Field Tools bull Asset Health

bull Diagnostic Features

bull System Data

bull Numbers bull Pass Fail bull Classes

Test Data

Feature Extraction

Experience Library

Knowledge Rules

76

Data

Information


Knowledge Rule - Age

77

GoodPoor

750

250 281

719

1000

1975 1979

1982


Snohomish PUD Cable System

bull Two areas tested ndash Glenwood Mobile Homes (1976 amp 1981 vintage) ndash Evergreen Shopping Center (1986 vintage)

bull Homogeneous cable system ndash 15 kV voltage class (operated at 72 kV) ndash XLPE insulation ndash 10 conductor ndash Unjacketed concentric neutral ndash Installed in conduit ndash no splices ndash Terminated with elbows

78


Testing Sites

79

Glenwood Mobile Homes

Evergreen Shopping Center


Glenwood Mobile Estates

80


Condition Assessment

VLF-TD Stability (standard deviation)

at U0 [10-3]

Differential TD TD 15 U0 ndash TD 05

U0 [10-3]

Mean VLF-TD

at U0 [10-3]

No Action

Required (Best 80 )

lt005 amp lt5 amp lt4

Further Study

005 to 05 Or

5 to 80 Or

4 to 50

Action Required

(Worst 5 ) gt05 gt80 gt50

Knowledge Rule

Field Tool Tan δ Criteria for PE-Based Insulation

81


Tan δ Map (Tip Up amp Mean Tan δ)

82

10001001001

100000

10000

1000

100

010

00110001001001


TD Uo [E-3]

Tip

Up (

15U

o -

05U

o) [

E-3]

4 50Glenwood Mobile Homes

4 50

5

80


Basic Assessment Summary

83

Evergreen Glenwood

No Action Required1000

Action Required133

Further Study267


1986 Vintage12 Ckts

1976 amp 1981 Vintage15 Ckts


Example - No Action Required

84

302520151050

1000

100

10

1

Measurement Sequence []

Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]Voltage

TestTan δ Stability

Tip Up Mean Tan δ


Example - Further Study

85

302520151050

1000

100

10

1


Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]Voltage


Tip Up Mean Tan δ


Wet Circuits

86


Knowledge Rule Field Tool

Monitored Withstand Criteria (PE)

87


Change in Tan Delta between 0

and 10 mins (E-3)

VLF-TD Stability (standard

deviation) at Maintenance Level [10-3]

Mean VLF-TD at

Maintenance Level [10-3]

Reduce to 15 Mins lt025 and lt025 and lt5

Extend to 60 Mins gt17 or gt6 or gt45


88

302520151050-5

10

1

Test Time [min]

Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]Voltage

Test

Stability15Uo=27E-3

TDUo=13Tip Up on Tip Up= 128Tip Up = 134StabilityUo = 0

Snopud Segment 6912

Monitored Withstand with Water


302520151050-5

10

1

Test Time [min]

Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

05101522

[Uo]Voltage

Test

Snopud Segment 6912

0 to 10 mins

89

Difference between 10 amp 0 mins = -45

Change in Tan Delta

between 0 and 10

mins (E-3)

VLF-TD Stability

(standard deviation)

at Maintenance

Level [10-3]

Mean VLF-TD at


Reduce to 15 Mins lt025 lt025 lt5

Extend to 60 Mins gt17 gt6 gt45


0 to 30 mins

90

302520151050-5

10

1

Test Time [min]

Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

05101522

[Uo]Voltage

Test

Snopud 6912


Final Classification - Retest

91

302520151050

1000

100

10

1


Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]_2Voltage

TestTan δ Stability Tip Up

Mean Tan δ


302520151050

1000

100

10

1


Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]Voltage

Test

Example ndash Action Required

92

Tan δ Stability Tip Up

Mean Tan δ




at U0 [10-3]

Differential TD TD 15 U0 ndash TD 05 U0

[10-3]

Mean VLF-TD

at U0 [10-3]

No Action

Required lt005 amp lt5 amp lt4

Further Study

005 to

05 Or

5 to 80 Or

4 to 50

Action Required gt05 gt80 gt50

Something for another day ndash Health Indices

93

05

50

0 1 2

Stability 0 Tip Up 614 Tan Delta 23

What is the classification


Nigel Hampton

Bruce Olson

94


SUMMARY

bull Have the correct expectation ndash Diagnostics are useful ndash Diagnostics are not perfect

bull There is no ldquomagic bulletrdquo or ldquoone techniquerdquo bull Today the main goal of diagnostics is to indicate which

members of a target population are likely to have ldquogoodrdquo performance

bull A lot of work continues in this area

95

Field Testing ndash Commissioning amp Routine Tests IIBruce Olson amp Nigel Hampton

Slide Number 2

Outline

Test Types

Field Tests

Commissioning




Slide Number 10

Diagnostics



TDR Equipment

Time Domain Reflectometry (TDR)

Slide Number 16



Slide Number 19

VLF Waveforms


Setup

Slide Number 23



TD Assesment

Tan δ Equipment


Setup



Simplified Cable Model and PhasorTan Delta = IRIC = 1(2fCR)


Tan d Ramp Test Data










Slide Number 44

Slide Number 45

Setup

Slide Number 47



PD Pulse



Setup

Online PD Equipment



Distribution of PD along Lengths

Slide Number 58


Safe

Effective

Useful

Valuable


Lengths Tested



Accuracy

Objective of Diagnostic Tests

Diagnostic Operation

Accuracies


All Accuracies






Testing Sites


Knowledge RuleField ToolTan δ Criteria for PE-Based Insulation





Wet Circuits

Knowledge RuleField ToolMonitored Withstand Criteria (PE)


0 to 10 mins

0 to 30 mins




Slide Number 94

SUMMARY


Nigel Hampton

2


Outline



bull Accuracies


3


4

Test Types

Testing







Field Tests

Field Testing

Commissioning

Diagnostic

Return to Service

Normal Work

After Failure


Commissioning









8







Bruce Olson


Diagnostics









TDR Equipment








TDR Principles


Far End

Joint L

Joint





18


28kV

60kV 34kV

56kV WPD amp TD

60kV

60kV

28kV

54kV

30kV

60kV


34kV


VLF Waveforms


-8000

-6000

-4000

-2000

0

2000

4000

6000

Volta

ge (k

V)


-8000

-6000

-4000

-2000

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

Volta

ge (k

V)

Sinusoidal

Cosine-Rectangular









Setup

22

VLF DUT


23



HOLD EARLY

Time

oltage

t = 0 tTest



Hold Entry

Ramp Entry


25



TD Assesment

26


Tan δ Equipment







Setup

29

VLF DUT Tan Delta

Data



T C S C T




Tan δ




δ

I

V

IC

IR

IR IC

= tangent of δ



Time

Voltage

Loss measurement


34


Time [min]

Tan-

delt

a [1

e-3]

543210

100

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

05101517

[pu]Voltage

Time [min]

Tan-

delt

a [1

e-3]

543210

100

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

05101517

[pu]Voltage

Time [min]

Tan-

delt

a [1

e-3]

543210

100

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

05101517

[pu]Voltage

Mean


Tip Up

Time [min]

Tan-

delt

a [1

e-3]

543210

100

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

05101517

[pu]Voltage

MeanTip Up

30 Cycles





HOLD Tan δ Ramp

Time

Voltage





OR


OR




38

Voltage [U0]

025 050 075 10 125 150 175 20 225 25

Frequency [Hz]

002

005

010


Ramp Withstand




18 Segments Tested

No Failures On Test







Pass - Stable Loss

60 min test

30 min test




Pass - Stable Loss

18 Segments Tested

60 min test

30 min test


41


















PD Interpretation



Setup

46

VLF DUT

PD SENSORS

FILTER

Data


47




X


X


Variable Wide

Bandwidth


situation



Time

oltage



PD Pulse



No PD

PD

A

B

C


52



Setup

53

DUT

PD SENSORS Data


Online PD Equipment








along cable circuit



Time

U0

oltage






No PD

PD


Nigel Hampton

58



59


60

Safe


61

Effective


62

Useful


63

Valuable



VLF DC Tan Delta

PD On PD Off TDR

IRC DAC


Category


65

Lengths Tested


Perc

ent

100

75

50

25

00100000100001000100

100000100001000100

100

75

50

25

00

PD Tan D

VLF Withstand



Median 3500 ft


TDR




56

Splices371 Cable

562



Percentage

C1

16144

23137

1519241121

20106

173

229

121858

21

100806040200


Uti

lity


Accuracy

68









Accuracies

212019181716151413121110987654321

100

80

60

40

20

0212019181716151413121110987654321

No Action Accuracy

Dataset

Dia

gnos

tic

Acc

urac

y

Action Accuracy

212019181716151413121110987654321

100

80

60

40

20

0212019181716151413121110987654321

No Action Accuracy

Dataset

Dia

gnos

tic

Acc

urac

y

Action Accuracy

212019181716151413121110987654321

100

80

60

40

20

0212019181716151413121110987654321

No Action Accuracy

Dataset

Dia

gnos

tic

Acc

urac

y




Not ActAct

100

80

60

40

20

0

Test

s [

of

Tota

l]


All Accuracies


100

80

60

40

20

0

Dia

gnos

tic

Acc

urac

y

989

100

05

10

497

925



74



Numeric Survival

Pass Fail

Classification


Replace Defer



Unambiguous Opaque


75





bull System Data


Test Data

Feature Extraction

Experience Library

Knowledge Rules

76

Data

Information



77

GoodPoor

750

250 281

719

1000

1975 1979

1982





78


Testing Sites

79





80




at U0 [10-3]


U0 [10-3]

Mean VLF-TD

at U0 [10-3]

No Action

Required (Best 80 )


Further Study

005 to 05 Or

5 to 80 Or

4 to 50

Action Required


Knowledge Rule


81



82

10001001001

100000

10000

1000

100

010

00110001001001


TD Uo [E-3]

Tip

Up (

15U

o -

05U

o) [

E-3]


4 50

5

80



83

Evergreen Glenwood


Action Required133

Further Study267


1986 Vintage12 Ckts




84

302520151050

1000

100

10

1


Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]Voltage


Tip Up Mean Tan δ



85

302520151050

1000

100

10

1


Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]Voltage


Tip Up Mean Tan δ


Wet Circuits

86




87



and 10 mins (E-3)



Mean VLF-TD at





88

302520151050-5

10

1

Test Time [min]

Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]Voltage

Test

Stability15Uo=27E-3


Snopud Segment 6912



302520151050-5

10

1

Test Time [min]

Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

05101522

[Uo]Voltage

Test

Snopud Segment 6912

0 to 10 mins

89


Change in Tan Delta

between 0 and 10

mins (E-3)

VLF-TD Stability


at Maintenance

Level [10-3]

Mean VLF-TD at





0 to 30 mins

90

302520151050-5

10

1

Test Time [min]

Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

05101522

[Uo]Voltage

Test

Snopud 6912



91

302520151050

1000

100

10

1


Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]_2Voltage


Mean Tan δ


302520151050

1000

100

10

1


Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]Voltage

Test


92


Mean Tan δ




at U0 [10-3]


[10-3]

Mean VLF-TD

at U0 [10-3]

No Action


Further Study

005 to

05 Or

5 to 80 Or

4 to 50



93

05

50

0 1 2




Nigel Hampton

Bruce Olson

94


SUMMARY





95


Slide Number 2

Outline

Test Types

Field Tests

Commissioning




Slide Number 10

Diagnostics



TDR Equipment


Slide Number 16



Slide Number 19

VLF Waveforms


Setup

Slide Number 23



TD Assesment

Tan δ Equipment


Setup















Slide Number 44

Slide Number 45

Setup

Slide Number 47



PD Pulse



Setup

Online PD Equipment




Slide Number 58


Safe

Effective

Useful

Valuable


Lengths Tested



Accuracy



Accuracies


All Accuracies






Testing Sites







Wet Circuits



0 to 10 mins

0 to 30 mins




Slide Number 94

SUMMARY


Outline



bull Accuracies


3


4

Test Types

Testing







Field Tests

Field Testing

Commissioning

Diagnostic

Return to Service

Normal Work

After Failure


Commissioning









8







Bruce Olson


Diagnostics









TDR Equipment








TDR Principles


Far End

Joint L

Joint





18


28kV

60kV 34kV

56kV WPD amp TD

60kV

60kV

28kV

54kV

30kV

60kV


34kV


VLF Waveforms


-8000

-6000

-4000

-2000

0

2000

4000

6000

Volta

ge (k

V)


-8000

-6000

-4000

-2000

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

Volta

ge (k

V)

Sinusoidal

Cosine-Rectangular









Setup

22

VLF DUT


23



HOLD EARLY

Time

oltage

t = 0 tTest



Hold Entry

Ramp Entry


25



TD Assesment

26


Tan δ Equipment







Setup

29

VLF DUT Tan Delta

Data



T C S C T




Tan δ




δ

I

V

IC

IR

IR IC

= tangent of δ



Time

Voltage

Loss measurement


34


Time [min]

Tan-

delt

a [1

e-3]

543210

100

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

05101517

[pu]Voltage

Time [min]

Tan-

delt

a [1

e-3]

543210

100

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

05101517

[pu]Voltage

Time [min]

Tan-

delt

a [1

e-3]

543210

100

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

05101517

[pu]Voltage

Mean


Tip Up

Time [min]

Tan-

delt

a [1

e-3]

543210

100

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

05101517

[pu]Voltage

MeanTip Up

30 Cycles





HOLD Tan δ Ramp

Time

Voltage





OR


OR




38

Voltage [U0]

025 050 075 10 125 150 175 20 225 25

Frequency [Hz]

002

005

010


Ramp Withstand




18 Segments Tested

No Failures On Test







Pass - Stable Loss

60 min test

30 min test




Pass - Stable Loss

18 Segments Tested

60 min test

30 min test


41


















PD Interpretation



Setup

46

VLF DUT

PD SENSORS

FILTER

Data


47




X


X


Variable Wide

Bandwidth


situation



Time

oltage



PD Pulse



No PD

PD

A

B

C


52



Setup

53

DUT

PD SENSORS Data


Online PD Equipment








along cable circuit



Time

U0

oltage






No PD

PD


Nigel Hampton

58



59


60

Safe


61

Effective


62

Useful


63

Valuable



VLF DC Tan Delta

PD On PD Off TDR

IRC DAC


Category


65

Lengths Tested


Perc

ent

100

75

50

25

00100000100001000100

100000100001000100

100

75

50

25

00

PD Tan D

VLF Withstand



Median 3500 ft


TDR




56

Splices371 Cable

562



Percentage

C1

16144

23137

1519241121

20106

173

229

121858

21

100806040200


Uti

lity


Accuracy

68









Accuracies

212019181716151413121110987654321

100

80

60

40

20

0212019181716151413121110987654321

No Action Accuracy

Dataset

Dia

gnos

tic

Acc

urac

y

Action Accuracy

212019181716151413121110987654321

100

80

60

40

20

0212019181716151413121110987654321

No Action Accuracy

Dataset

Dia

gnos

tic

Acc

urac

y

Action Accuracy

212019181716151413121110987654321

100

80

60

40

20

0212019181716151413121110987654321

No Action Accuracy

Dataset

Dia

gnos

tic

Acc

urac

y




Not ActAct

100

80

60

40

20

0

Test

s [

of

Tota

l]


All Accuracies


100

80

60

40

20

0

Dia

gnos

tic

Acc

urac

y

989

100

05

10

497

925



74



Numeric Survival

Pass Fail

Classification


Replace Defer



Unambiguous Opaque


75





bull System Data


Test Data

Feature Extraction

Experience Library

Knowledge Rules

76

Data

Information



77

GoodPoor

750

250 281

719

1000

1975 1979

1982





78


Testing Sites

79





80




at U0 [10-3]


U0 [10-3]

Mean VLF-TD

at U0 [10-3]

No Action

Required (Best 80 )


Further Study

005 to 05 Or

5 to 80 Or

4 to 50

Action Required


Knowledge Rule


81



82

10001001001

100000

10000

1000

100

010

00110001001001


TD Uo [E-3]

Tip

Up (

15U

o -

05U

o) [

E-3]


4 50

5

80



83

Evergreen Glenwood


Action Required133

Further Study267


1986 Vintage12 Ckts




84

302520151050

1000

100

10

1


Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]Voltage


Tip Up Mean Tan δ



85

302520151050

1000

100

10

1


Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]Voltage


Tip Up Mean Tan δ


Wet Circuits

86




87



and 10 mins (E-3)



Mean VLF-TD at





88

302520151050-5

10

1

Test Time [min]

Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]Voltage

Test

Stability15Uo=27E-3


Snopud Segment 6912



302520151050-5

10

1

Test Time [min]

Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

05101522

[Uo]Voltage

Test

Snopud Segment 6912

0 to 10 mins

89


Change in Tan Delta

between 0 and 10

mins (E-3)

VLF-TD Stability


at Maintenance

Level [10-3]

Mean VLF-TD at





0 to 30 mins

90

302520151050-5

10

1

Test Time [min]

Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

05101522

[Uo]Voltage

Test

Snopud 6912



91

302520151050

1000

100

10

1


Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]_2Voltage


Mean Tan δ


302520151050

1000

100

10

1


Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]Voltage

Test


92


Mean Tan δ




at U0 [10-3]


[10-3]

Mean VLF-TD

at U0 [10-3]

No Action


Further Study

005 to

05 Or

5 to 80 Or

4 to 50



93

05

50

0 1 2




Nigel Hampton

Bruce Olson

94


SUMMARY





95


Slide Number 2

Outline

Test Types

Field Tests

Commissioning




Slide Number 10

Diagnostics



TDR Equipment


Slide Number 16



Slide Number 19

VLF Waveforms


Setup

Slide Number 23



TD Assesment

Tan δ Equipment


Setup















Slide Number 44

Slide Number 45

Setup

Slide Number 47



PD Pulse



Setup

Online PD Equipment




Slide Number 58


Safe

Effective

Useful

Valuable


Lengths Tested



Accuracy



Accuracies


All Accuracies






Testing Sites







Wet Circuits



0 to 10 mins

0 to 30 mins




Slide Number 94

SUMMARY


4

Test Types

Testing







Field Tests

Field Testing

Commissioning

Diagnostic

Return to Service

Normal Work

After Failure


Commissioning









8







Bruce Olson


Diagnostics









TDR Equipment








TDR Principles


Far End

Joint L

Joint





18


28kV

60kV 34kV

56kV WPD amp TD

60kV

60kV

28kV

54kV

30kV

60kV


34kV


VLF Waveforms


-8000

-6000

-4000

-2000

0

2000

4000

6000

Volta

ge (k

V)


-8000

-6000

-4000

-2000

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

Volta

ge (k

V)

Sinusoidal

Cosine-Rectangular









Setup

22

VLF DUT


23



HOLD EARLY

Time

oltage

t = 0 tTest



Hold Entry

Ramp Entry


25



TD Assesment

26


Tan δ Equipment







Setup

29

VLF DUT Tan Delta

Data



T C S C T




Tan δ




δ

I

V

IC

IR

IR IC

= tangent of δ



Time

Voltage

Loss measurement


34


Time [min]

Tan-

delt

a [1

e-3]

543210

100

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

05101517

[pu]Voltage

Time [min]

Tan-

delt

a [1

e-3]

543210

100

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

05101517

[pu]Voltage

Time [min]

Tan-

delt

a [1

e-3]

543210

100

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

05101517

[pu]Voltage

Mean


Tip Up

Time [min]

Tan-

delt

a [1

e-3]

543210

100

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

05101517

[pu]Voltage

MeanTip Up

30 Cycles





HOLD Tan δ Ramp

Time

Voltage





OR


OR




38

Voltage [U0]

025 050 075 10 125 150 175 20 225 25

Frequency [Hz]

002

005

010


Ramp Withstand




18 Segments Tested

No Failures On Test







Pass - Stable Loss

60 min test

30 min test




Pass - Stable Loss

18 Segments Tested

60 min test

30 min test


41


















PD Interpretation



Setup

46

VLF DUT

PD SENSORS

FILTER

Data


47




X


X


Variable Wide

Bandwidth


situation



Time

oltage



PD Pulse



No PD

PD

A

B

C


52



Setup

53

DUT

PD SENSORS Data


Online PD Equipment








along cable circuit



Time

U0

oltage






No PD

PD


Nigel Hampton

58



59


60

Safe


61

Effective


62

Useful


63

Valuable



VLF DC Tan Delta

PD On PD Off TDR

IRC DAC


Category


65

Lengths Tested


Perc

ent

100

75

50

25

00100000100001000100

100000100001000100

100

75

50

25

00

PD Tan D

VLF Withstand



Median 3500 ft


TDR




56

Splices371 Cable

562



Percentage

C1

16144

23137

1519241121

20106

173

229

121858

21

100806040200


Uti

lity


Accuracy

68









Accuracies

212019181716151413121110987654321

100

80

60

40

20

0212019181716151413121110987654321

No Action Accuracy

Dataset

Dia

gnos

tic

Acc

urac

y

Action Accuracy

212019181716151413121110987654321

100

80

60

40

20

0212019181716151413121110987654321

No Action Accuracy

Dataset

Dia

gnos

tic

Acc

urac

y

Action Accuracy

212019181716151413121110987654321

100

80

60

40

20

0212019181716151413121110987654321

No Action Accuracy

Dataset

Dia

gnos

tic

Acc

urac

y




Not ActAct

100

80

60

40

20

0

Test

s [

of

Tota

l]


All Accuracies


100

80

60

40

20

0

Dia

gnos

tic

Acc

urac

y

989

100

05

10

497

925



74



Numeric Survival

Pass Fail

Classification


Replace Defer



Unambiguous Opaque


75





bull System Data


Test Data

Feature Extraction

Experience Library

Knowledge Rules

76

Data

Information



77

GoodPoor

750

250 281

719

1000

1975 1979

1982





78


Testing Sites

79





80




at U0 [10-3]


U0 [10-3]

Mean VLF-TD

at U0 [10-3]

No Action

Required (Best 80 )


Further Study

005 to 05 Or

5 to 80 Or

4 to 50

Action Required


Knowledge Rule


81



82

10001001001

100000

10000

1000

100

010

00110001001001


TD Uo [E-3]

Tip

Up (

15U

o -

05U

o) [

E-3]


4 50

5

80



83

Evergreen Glenwood


Action Required133

Further Study267


1986 Vintage12 Ckts




84

302520151050

1000

100

10

1


Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]Voltage


Tip Up Mean Tan δ



85

302520151050

1000

100

10

1


Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]Voltage


Tip Up Mean Tan δ


Wet Circuits

86




87



and 10 mins (E-3)



Mean VLF-TD at





88

302520151050-5

10

1

Test Time [min]

Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]Voltage

Test

Stability15Uo=27E-3


Snopud Segment 6912



302520151050-5

10

1

Test Time [min]

Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

05101522

[Uo]Voltage

Test

Snopud Segment 6912

0 to 10 mins

89


Change in Tan Delta

between 0 and 10

mins (E-3)

VLF-TD Stability


at Maintenance

Level [10-3]

Mean VLF-TD at





0 to 30 mins

90

302520151050-5

10

1

Test Time [min]

Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

05101522

[Uo]Voltage

Test

Snopud 6912



91

302520151050

1000

100

10

1


Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]_2Voltage


Mean Tan δ


302520151050

1000

100

10

1


Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]Voltage

Test


92


Mean Tan δ




at U0 [10-3]


[10-3]

Mean VLF-TD

at U0 [10-3]

No Action


Further Study

005 to

05 Or

5 to 80 Or

4 to 50



93

05

50

0 1 2




Nigel Hampton

Bruce Olson

94


SUMMARY





95


Slide Number 2

Outline

Test Types

Field Tests

Commissioning




Slide Number 10

Diagnostics



TDR Equipment


Slide Number 16



Slide Number 19

VLF Waveforms


Setup

Slide Number 23



TD Assesment

Tan δ Equipment


Setup















Slide Number 44

Slide Number 45

Setup

Slide Number 47



PD Pulse



Setup

Online PD Equipment




Slide Number 58


Safe

Effective

Useful

Valuable


Lengths Tested



Accuracy



Accuracies


All Accuracies






Testing Sites







Wet Circuits



0 to 10 mins

0 to 30 mins




Slide Number 94

SUMMARY


Field Tests

Field Testing

Commissioning

Diagnostic

Return to Service

Normal Work

After Failure


Commissioning









8







Bruce Olson


Diagnostics









TDR Equipment








TDR Principles


Far End

Joint L

Joint





18


28kV

60kV 34kV

56kV WPD amp TD

60kV

60kV

28kV

54kV

30kV

60kV


34kV


VLF Waveforms


-8000

-6000

-4000

-2000

0

2000

4000

6000

Volta

ge (k

V)


-8000

-6000

-4000

-2000

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

Volta

ge (k

V)

Sinusoidal

Cosine-Rectangular









Setup

22

VLF DUT


23



HOLD EARLY

Time

oltage

t = 0 tTest



Hold Entry

Ramp Entry


25



TD Assesment

26


Tan δ Equipment







Setup

29

VLF DUT Tan Delta

Data



T C S C T




Tan δ




δ

I

V

IC

IR

IR IC

= tangent of δ



Time

Voltage

Loss measurement


34


Time [min]

Tan-

delt

a [1

e-3]

543210

100

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

05101517

[pu]Voltage

Time [min]

Tan-

delt

a [1

e-3]

543210

100

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

05101517

[pu]Voltage

Time [min]

Tan-

delt

a [1

e-3]

543210

100

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

05101517

[pu]Voltage

Mean


Tip Up

Time [min]

Tan-

delt

a [1

e-3]

543210

100

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

05101517

[pu]Voltage

MeanTip Up

30 Cycles





HOLD Tan δ Ramp

Time

Voltage





OR


OR




38

Voltage [U0]

025 050 075 10 125 150 175 20 225 25

Frequency [Hz]

002

005

010


Ramp Withstand




18 Segments Tested

No Failures On Test







Pass - Stable Loss

60 min test

30 min test




Pass - Stable Loss

18 Segments Tested

60 min test

30 min test


41


















PD Interpretation



Setup

46

VLF DUT

PD SENSORS

FILTER

Data


47




X


X


Variable Wide

Bandwidth


situation



Time

oltage



PD Pulse



No PD

PD

A

B

C


52



Setup

53

DUT

PD SENSORS Data


Online PD Equipment








along cable circuit



Time

U0

oltage






No PD

PD


Nigel Hampton

58



59


60

Safe


61

Effective


62

Useful


63

Valuable



VLF DC Tan Delta

PD On PD Off TDR

IRC DAC


Category


65

Lengths Tested


Perc

ent

100

75

50

25

00100000100001000100

100000100001000100

100

75

50

25

00

PD Tan D

VLF Withstand



Median 3500 ft


TDR




56

Splices371 Cable

562



Percentage

C1

16144

23137

1519241121

20106

173

229

121858

21

100806040200


Uti

lity


Accuracy

68









Accuracies

212019181716151413121110987654321

100

80

60

40

20

0212019181716151413121110987654321

No Action Accuracy

Dataset

Dia

gnos

tic

Acc

urac

y

Action Accuracy

212019181716151413121110987654321

100

80

60

40

20

0212019181716151413121110987654321

No Action Accuracy

Dataset

Dia

gnos

tic

Acc

urac

y

Action Accuracy

212019181716151413121110987654321

100

80

60

40

20

0212019181716151413121110987654321

No Action Accuracy

Dataset

Dia

gnos

tic

Acc

urac

y




Not ActAct

100

80

60

40

20

0

Test

s [

of

Tota

l]


All Accuracies


100

80

60

40

20

0

Dia

gnos

tic

Acc

urac

y

989

100

05

10

497

925



74



Numeric Survival

Pass Fail

Classification


Replace Defer



Unambiguous Opaque


75





bull System Data


Test Data

Feature Extraction

Experience Library

Knowledge Rules

76

Data

Information



77

GoodPoor

750

250 281

719

1000

1975 1979

1982





78


Testing Sites

79





80




at U0 [10-3]


U0 [10-3]

Mean VLF-TD

at U0 [10-3]

No Action

Required (Best 80 )


Further Study

005 to 05 Or

5 to 80 Or

4 to 50

Action Required


Knowledge Rule


81



82

10001001001

100000

10000

1000

100

010

00110001001001


TD Uo [E-3]

Tip

Up (

15U

o -

05U

o) [

E-3]


4 50

5

80



83

Evergreen Glenwood


Action Required133

Further Study267


1986 Vintage12 Ckts




84

302520151050

1000

100

10

1


Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]Voltage


Tip Up Mean Tan δ



85

302520151050

1000

100

10

1


Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]Voltage


Tip Up Mean Tan δ


Wet Circuits

86




87



and 10 mins (E-3)



Mean VLF-TD at





88

302520151050-5

10

1

Test Time [min]

Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]Voltage

Test

Stability15Uo=27E-3


Snopud Segment 6912



302520151050-5

10

1

Test Time [min]

Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

05101522

[Uo]Voltage

Test

Snopud Segment 6912

0 to 10 mins

89


Change in Tan Delta

between 0 and 10

mins (E-3)

VLF-TD Stability


at Maintenance

Level [10-3]

Mean VLF-TD at





0 to 30 mins

90

302520151050-5

10

1

Test Time [min]

Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

05101522

[Uo]Voltage

Test

Snopud 6912



91

302520151050

1000

100

10

1


Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]_2Voltage


Mean Tan δ


302520151050

1000

100

10

1


Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]Voltage

Test


92


Mean Tan δ




at U0 [10-3]


[10-3]

Mean VLF-TD

at U0 [10-3]

No Action


Further Study

005 to

05 Or

5 to 80 Or

4 to 50



93

05

50

0 1 2




Nigel Hampton

Bruce Olson

94


SUMMARY





95


Slide Number 2

Outline

Test Types

Field Tests

Commissioning




Slide Number 10

Diagnostics



TDR Equipment


Slide Number 16



Slide Number 19

VLF Waveforms


Setup

Slide Number 23



TD Assesment

Tan δ Equipment


Setup















Slide Number 44

Slide Number 45

Setup

Slide Number 47



PD Pulse



Setup

Online PD Equipment




Slide Number 58


Safe

Effective

Useful

Valuable


Lengths Tested



Accuracy



Accuracies


All Accuracies






Testing Sites







Wet Circuits



0 to 10 mins

0 to 30 mins




Slide Number 94

SUMMARY


Commissioning









8







Bruce Olson


Diagnostics









TDR Equipment








TDR Principles


Far End

Joint L

Joint





18


28kV

60kV 34kV

56kV WPD amp TD

60kV

60kV

28kV

54kV

30kV

60kV


34kV


VLF Waveforms


-8000

-6000

-4000

-2000

0

2000

4000

6000

Volta

ge (k

V)


-8000

-6000

-4000

-2000

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

Volta

ge (k

V)

Sinusoidal

Cosine-Rectangular









Setup

22

VLF DUT


23



HOLD EARLY

Time

oltage

t = 0 tTest



Hold Entry

Ramp Entry


25



TD Assesment

26


Tan δ Equipment







Setup

29

VLF DUT Tan Delta

Data



T C S C T




Tan δ




δ

I

V

IC

IR

IR IC

= tangent of δ



Time

Voltage

Loss measurement


34


Time [min]

Tan-

delt

a [1

e-3]

543210

100

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

05101517

[pu]Voltage

Time [min]

Tan-

delt

a [1

e-3]

543210

100

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

05101517

[pu]Voltage

Time [min]

Tan-

delt

a [1

e-3]

543210

100

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

05101517

[pu]Voltage

Mean


Tip Up

Time [min]

Tan-

delt

a [1

e-3]

543210

100

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

05101517

[pu]Voltage

MeanTip Up

30 Cycles





HOLD Tan δ Ramp

Time

Voltage





OR


OR




38

Voltage [U0]

025 050 075 10 125 150 175 20 225 25

Frequency [Hz]

002

005

010


Ramp Withstand




18 Segments Tested

No Failures On Test







Pass - Stable Loss

60 min test

30 min test




Pass - Stable Loss

18 Segments Tested

60 min test

30 min test


41


















PD Interpretation



Setup

46

VLF DUT

PD SENSORS

FILTER

Data


47




X


X


Variable Wide

Bandwidth


situation



Time

oltage



PD Pulse



No PD

PD

A

B

C


52



Setup

53

DUT

PD SENSORS Data


Online PD Equipment








along cable circuit



Time

U0

oltage






No PD

PD


Nigel Hampton

58



59


60

Safe


61

Effective


62

Useful


63

Valuable



VLF DC Tan Delta

PD On PD Off TDR

IRC DAC


Category


65

Lengths Tested


Perc

ent

100

75

50

25

00100000100001000100

100000100001000100

100

75

50

25

00

PD Tan D

VLF Withstand



Median 3500 ft


TDR




56

Splices371 Cable

562



Percentage

C1

16144

23137

1519241121

20106

173

229

121858

21

100806040200


Uti

lity


Accuracy

68









Accuracies

212019181716151413121110987654321

100

80

60

40

20

0212019181716151413121110987654321

No Action Accuracy

Dataset

Dia

gnos

tic

Acc

urac

y

Action Accuracy

212019181716151413121110987654321

100

80

60

40

20

0212019181716151413121110987654321

No Action Accuracy

Dataset

Dia

gnos

tic

Acc

urac

y

Action Accuracy

212019181716151413121110987654321

100

80

60

40

20

0212019181716151413121110987654321

No Action Accuracy

Dataset

Dia

gnos

tic

Acc

urac

y




Not ActAct

100

80

60

40

20

0

Test

s [

of

Tota

l]


All Accuracies


100

80

60

40

20

0

Dia

gnos

tic

Acc

urac

y

989

100

05

10

497

925



74



Numeric Survival

Pass Fail

Classification


Replace Defer



Unambiguous Opaque


75





bull System Data


Test Data

Feature Extraction

Experience Library

Knowledge Rules

76

Data

Information



77

GoodPoor

750

250 281

719

1000

1975 1979

1982





78


Testing Sites

79





80




at U0 [10-3]


U0 [10-3]

Mean VLF-TD

at U0 [10-3]

No Action

Required (Best 80 )


Further Study

005 to 05 Or

5 to 80 Or

4 to 50

Action Required


Knowledge Rule


81



82

10001001001

100000

10000

1000

100

010

00110001001001


TD Uo [E-3]

Tip

Up (

15U

o -

05U

o) [

E-3]


4 50

5

80



83

Evergreen Glenwood


Action Required133

Further Study267


1986 Vintage12 Ckts




84

302520151050

1000

100

10

1


Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]Voltage


Tip Up Mean Tan δ



85

302520151050

1000

100

10

1


Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]Voltage


Tip Up Mean Tan δ


Wet Circuits

86




87



and 10 mins (E-3)



Mean VLF-TD at





88

302520151050-5

10

1

Test Time [min]

Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]Voltage

Test

Stability15Uo=27E-3


Snopud Segment 6912



302520151050-5

10

1

Test Time [min]

Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

05101522

[Uo]Voltage

Test

Snopud Segment 6912

0 to 10 mins

89


Change in Tan Delta

between 0 and 10

mins (E-3)

VLF-TD Stability


at Maintenance

Level [10-3]

Mean VLF-TD at





0 to 30 mins

90

302520151050-5

10

1

Test Time [min]

Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

05101522

[Uo]Voltage

Test

Snopud 6912



91

302520151050

1000

100

10

1


Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]_2Voltage


Mean Tan δ


302520151050

1000

100

10

1


Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]Voltage

Test


92


Mean Tan δ




at U0 [10-3]


[10-3]

Mean VLF-TD

at U0 [10-3]

No Action


Further Study

005 to

05 Or

5 to 80 Or

4 to 50



93

05

50

0 1 2




Nigel Hampton

Bruce Olson

94


SUMMARY





95


Slide Number 2

Outline

Test Types

Field Tests

Commissioning




Slide Number 10

Diagnostics



TDR Equipment


Slide Number 16



Slide Number 19

VLF Waveforms


Setup

Slide Number 23



TD Assesment

Tan δ Equipment


Setup















Slide Number 44

Slide Number 45

Setup

Slide Number 47



PD Pulse



Setup

Online PD Equipment




Slide Number 58


Safe

Effective

Useful

Valuable


Lengths Tested



Accuracy



Accuracies


All Accuracies






Testing Sites







Wet Circuits



0 to 10 mins

0 to 30 mins




Slide Number 94

SUMMARY







8







Bruce Olson


Diagnostics









TDR Equipment








TDR Principles


Far End

Joint L

Joint





18


28kV

60kV 34kV

56kV WPD amp TD

60kV

60kV

28kV

54kV

30kV

60kV


34kV


VLF Waveforms


-8000

-6000

-4000

-2000

0

2000

4000

6000

Volta

ge (k

V)


-8000

-6000

-4000

-2000

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

Volta

ge (k

V)

Sinusoidal

Cosine-Rectangular









Setup

22

VLF DUT


23



HOLD EARLY

Time

oltage

t = 0 tTest



Hold Entry

Ramp Entry


25



TD Assesment

26


Tan δ Equipment







Setup

29

VLF DUT Tan Delta

Data



T C S C T




Tan δ




δ

I

V

IC

IR

IR IC

= tangent of δ



Time

Voltage

Loss measurement


34


Time [min]

Tan-

delt

a [1

e-3]

543210

100

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

05101517

[pu]Voltage

Time [min]

Tan-

delt

a [1

e-3]

543210

100

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

05101517

[pu]Voltage

Time [min]

Tan-

delt

a [1

e-3]

543210

100

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

05101517

[pu]Voltage

Mean


Tip Up

Time [min]

Tan-

delt

a [1

e-3]

543210

100

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

05101517

[pu]Voltage

MeanTip Up

30 Cycles





HOLD Tan δ Ramp

Time

Voltage





OR


OR




38

Voltage [U0]

025 050 075 10 125 150 175 20 225 25

Frequency [Hz]

002

005

010


Ramp Withstand




18 Segments Tested

No Failures On Test







Pass - Stable Loss

60 min test

30 min test




Pass - Stable Loss

18 Segments Tested

60 min test

30 min test


41


















PD Interpretation



Setup

46

VLF DUT

PD SENSORS

FILTER

Data


47




X


X


Variable Wide

Bandwidth


situation



Time

oltage



PD Pulse



No PD

PD

A

B

C


52



Setup

53

DUT

PD SENSORS Data


Online PD Equipment








along cable circuit



Time

U0

oltage






No PD

PD


Nigel Hampton

58



59


60

Safe


61

Effective


62

Useful


63

Valuable



VLF DC Tan Delta

PD On PD Off TDR

IRC DAC


Category


65

Lengths Tested


Perc

ent

100

75

50

25

00100000100001000100

100000100001000100

100

75

50

25

00

PD Tan D

VLF Withstand



Median 3500 ft


TDR




56

Splices371 Cable

562



Percentage

C1

16144

23137

1519241121

20106

173

229

121858

21

100806040200


Uti

lity


Accuracy

68









Accuracies

212019181716151413121110987654321

100

80

60

40

20

0212019181716151413121110987654321

No Action Accuracy

Dataset

Dia

gnos

tic

Acc

urac

y

Action Accuracy

212019181716151413121110987654321

100

80

60

40

20

0212019181716151413121110987654321

No Action Accuracy

Dataset

Dia

gnos

tic

Acc

urac

y

Action Accuracy

212019181716151413121110987654321

100

80

60

40

20

0212019181716151413121110987654321

No Action Accuracy

Dataset

Dia

gnos

tic

Acc

urac

y




Not ActAct

100

80

60

40

20

0

Test

s [

of

Tota

l]


All Accuracies


100

80

60

40

20

0

Dia

gnos

tic

Acc

urac

y

989

100

05

10

497

925



74



Numeric Survival

Pass Fail

Classification


Replace Defer



Unambiguous Opaque


75





bull System Data


Test Data

Feature Extraction

Experience Library

Knowledge Rules

76

Data

Information



77

GoodPoor

750

250 281

719

1000

1975 1979

1982





78


Testing Sites

79





80




at U0 [10-3]


U0 [10-3]

Mean VLF-TD

at U0 [10-3]

No Action

Required (Best 80 )


Further Study

005 to 05 Or

5 to 80 Or

4 to 50

Action Required


Knowledge Rule


81



82

10001001001

100000

10000

1000

100

010

00110001001001


TD Uo [E-3]

Tip

Up (

15U

o -

05U

o) [

E-3]


4 50

5

80



83

Evergreen Glenwood


Action Required133

Further Study267


1986 Vintage12 Ckts




84

302520151050

1000

100

10

1


Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]Voltage


Tip Up Mean Tan δ



85

302520151050

1000

100

10

1


Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]Voltage


Tip Up Mean Tan δ


Wet Circuits

86




87



and 10 mins (E-3)



Mean VLF-TD at





88

302520151050-5

10

1

Test Time [min]

Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]Voltage

Test

Stability15Uo=27E-3


Snopud Segment 6912



302520151050-5

10

1

Test Time [min]

Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

05101522

[Uo]Voltage

Test

Snopud Segment 6912

0 to 10 mins

89


Change in Tan Delta

between 0 and 10

mins (E-3)

VLF-TD Stability


at Maintenance

Level [10-3]

Mean VLF-TD at





0 to 30 mins

90

302520151050-5

10

1

Test Time [min]

Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

05101522

[Uo]Voltage

Test

Snopud 6912



91

302520151050

1000

100

10

1


Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]_2Voltage


Mean Tan δ


302520151050

1000

100

10

1


Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]Voltage

Test


92


Mean Tan δ




at U0 [10-3]


[10-3]

Mean VLF-TD

at U0 [10-3]

No Action


Further Study

005 to

05 Or

5 to 80 Or

4 to 50



93

05

50

0 1 2




Nigel Hampton

Bruce Olson

94


SUMMARY





95


Slide Number 2

Outline

Test Types

Field Tests

Commissioning




Slide Number 10

Diagnostics



TDR Equipment


Slide Number 16



Slide Number 19

VLF Waveforms


Setup

Slide Number 23



TD Assesment

Tan δ Equipment


Setup















Slide Number 44

Slide Number 45

Setup

Slide Number 47



PD Pulse



Setup

Online PD Equipment




Slide Number 58


Safe

Effective

Useful

Valuable


Lengths Tested



Accuracy



Accuracies


All Accuracies






Testing Sites







Wet Circuits



0 to 10 mins

0 to 30 mins




Slide Number 94

SUMMARY







Bruce Olson


Diagnostics









TDR Equipment








TDR Principles


Far End

Joint L

Joint





18


28kV

60kV 34kV

56kV WPD amp TD

60kV

60kV

28kV

54kV

30kV

60kV


34kV


VLF Waveforms


-8000

-6000

-4000

-2000

0

2000

4000

6000

Volta

ge (k

V)


-8000

-6000

-4000

-2000

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

Volta

ge (k

V)

Sinusoidal

Cosine-Rectangular









Setup

22

VLF DUT


23



HOLD EARLY

Time

oltage

t = 0 tTest



Hold Entry

Ramp Entry


25



TD Assesment

26


Tan δ Equipment







Setup

29

VLF DUT Tan Delta

Data



T C S C T




Tan δ




δ

I

V

IC

IR

IR IC

= tangent of δ



Time

Voltage

Loss measurement


34


Time [min]

Tan-

delt

a [1

e-3]

543210

100

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

05101517

[pu]Voltage

Time [min]

Tan-

delt

a [1

e-3]

543210

100

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

05101517

[pu]Voltage

Time [min]

Tan-

delt

a [1

e-3]

543210

100

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

05101517

[pu]Voltage

Mean


Tip Up

Time [min]

Tan-

delt

a [1

e-3]

543210

100

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

05101517

[pu]Voltage

MeanTip Up

30 Cycles





HOLD Tan δ Ramp

Time

Voltage





OR


OR




38

Voltage [U0]

025 050 075 10 125 150 175 20 225 25

Frequency [Hz]

002

005

010


Ramp Withstand




18 Segments Tested

No Failures On Test







Pass - Stable Loss

60 min test

30 min test




Pass - Stable Loss

18 Segments Tested

60 min test

30 min test


41


















PD Interpretation



Setup

46

VLF DUT

PD SENSORS

FILTER

Data


47




X


X


Variable Wide

Bandwidth


situation



Time

oltage



PD Pulse



No PD

PD

A

B

C


52



Setup

53

DUT

PD SENSORS Data


Online PD Equipment








along cable circuit



Time

U0

oltage






No PD

PD


Nigel Hampton

58



59


60

Safe


61

Effective


62

Useful


63

Valuable



VLF DC Tan Delta

PD On PD Off TDR

IRC DAC


Category


65

Lengths Tested


Perc

ent

100

75

50

25

00100000100001000100

100000100001000100

100

75

50

25

00

PD Tan D

VLF Withstand



Median 3500 ft


TDR




56

Splices371 Cable

562



Percentage

C1

16144

23137

1519241121

20106

173

229

121858

21

100806040200


Uti

lity


Accuracy

68









Accuracies

212019181716151413121110987654321

100

80

60

40

20

0212019181716151413121110987654321

No Action Accuracy

Dataset

Dia

gnos

tic

Acc

urac

y

Action Accuracy

212019181716151413121110987654321

100

80

60

40

20

0212019181716151413121110987654321

No Action Accuracy

Dataset

Dia

gnos

tic

Acc

urac

y

Action Accuracy

212019181716151413121110987654321

100

80

60

40

20

0212019181716151413121110987654321

No Action Accuracy

Dataset

Dia

gnos

tic

Acc

urac

y




Not ActAct

100

80

60

40

20

0

Test

s [

of

Tota

l]


All Accuracies


100

80

60

40

20

0

Dia

gnos

tic

Acc

urac

y

989

100

05

10

497

925



74



Numeric Survival

Pass Fail

Classification


Replace Defer



Unambiguous Opaque


75





bull System Data


Test Data

Feature Extraction

Experience Library

Knowledge Rules

76

Data

Information



77

GoodPoor

750

250 281

719

1000

1975 1979

1982





78


Testing Sites

79





80




at U0 [10-3]


U0 [10-3]

Mean VLF-TD

at U0 [10-3]

No Action

Required (Best 80 )


Further Study

005 to 05 Or

5 to 80 Or

4 to 50

Action Required


Knowledge Rule


81



82

10001001001

100000

10000

1000

100

010

00110001001001


TD Uo [E-3]

Tip

Up (

15U

o -

05U

o) [

E-3]


4 50

5

80



83

Evergreen Glenwood


Action Required133

Further Study267


1986 Vintage12 Ckts




84

302520151050

1000

100

10

1


Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]Voltage


Tip Up Mean Tan δ



85

302520151050

1000

100

10

1


Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]Voltage


Tip Up Mean Tan δ


Wet Circuits

86




87



and 10 mins (E-3)



Mean VLF-TD at





88

302520151050-5

10

1

Test Time [min]

Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]Voltage

Test

Stability15Uo=27E-3


Snopud Segment 6912



302520151050-5

10

1

Test Time [min]

Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

05101522

[Uo]Voltage

Test

Snopud Segment 6912

0 to 10 mins

89


Change in Tan Delta

between 0 and 10

mins (E-3)

VLF-TD Stability


at Maintenance

Level [10-3]

Mean VLF-TD at





0 to 30 mins

90

302520151050-5

10

1

Test Time [min]

Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

05101522

[Uo]Voltage

Test

Snopud 6912



91

302520151050

1000

100

10

1


Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]_2Voltage


Mean Tan δ


302520151050

1000

100

10

1


Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]Voltage

Test


92


Mean Tan δ




at U0 [10-3]


[10-3]

Mean VLF-TD

at U0 [10-3]

No Action


Further Study

005 to

05 Or

5 to 80 Or

4 to 50



93

05

50

0 1 2




Nigel Hampton

Bruce Olson

94


SUMMARY





95


Slide Number 2

Outline

Test Types

Field Tests

Commissioning




Slide Number 10

Diagnostics



TDR Equipment


Slide Number 16



Slide Number 19

VLF Waveforms


Setup

Slide Number 23



TD Assesment

Tan δ Equipment


Setup















Slide Number 44

Slide Number 45

Setup

Slide Number 47



PD Pulse



Setup

Online PD Equipment




Slide Number 58


Safe

Effective

Useful

Valuable


Lengths Tested



Accuracy



Accuracies


All Accuracies






Testing Sites







Wet Circuits



0 to 10 mins

0 to 30 mins




Slide Number 94

SUMMARY


Diagnostics









TDR Equipment








TDR Principles


Far End

Joint L

Joint





18


28kV

60kV 34kV

56kV WPD amp TD

60kV

60kV

28kV

54kV

30kV

60kV


34kV


VLF Waveforms


-8000

-6000

-4000

-2000

0

2000

4000

6000

Volta

ge (k

V)


-8000

-6000

-4000

-2000

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

Volta

ge (k

V)

Sinusoidal

Cosine-Rectangular









Setup

22

VLF DUT


23



HOLD EARLY

Time

oltage

t = 0 tTest



Hold Entry

Ramp Entry


25



TD Assesment

26


Tan δ Equipment







Setup

29

VLF DUT Tan Delta

Data



T C S C T




Tan δ




δ

I

V

IC

IR

IR IC

= tangent of δ



Time

Voltage

Loss measurement


34


Time [min]

Tan-

delt

a [1

e-3]

543210

100

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

05101517

[pu]Voltage

Time [min]

Tan-

delt

a [1

e-3]

543210

100

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

05101517

[pu]Voltage

Time [min]

Tan-

delt

a [1

e-3]

543210

100

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

05101517

[pu]Voltage

Mean


Tip Up

Time [min]

Tan-

delt

a [1

e-3]

543210

100

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

05101517

[pu]Voltage

MeanTip Up

30 Cycles





HOLD Tan δ Ramp

Time

Voltage





OR


OR




38

Voltage [U0]

025 050 075 10 125 150 175 20 225 25

Frequency [Hz]

002

005

010


Ramp Withstand




18 Segments Tested

No Failures On Test







Pass - Stable Loss

60 min test

30 min test




Pass - Stable Loss

18 Segments Tested

60 min test

30 min test


41


















PD Interpretation



Setup

46

VLF DUT

PD SENSORS

FILTER

Data


47




X


X


Variable Wide

Bandwidth


situation



Time

oltage



PD Pulse



No PD

PD

A

B

C


52



Setup

53

DUT

PD SENSORS Data


Online PD Equipment








along cable circuit



Time

U0

oltage






No PD

PD


Nigel Hampton

58



59


60

Safe


61

Effective


62

Useful


63

Valuable



VLF DC Tan Delta

PD On PD Off TDR

IRC DAC


Category


65

Lengths Tested


Perc

ent

100

75

50

25

00100000100001000100

100000100001000100

100

75

50

25

00

PD Tan D

VLF Withstand



Median 3500 ft


TDR




56

Splices371 Cable

562



Percentage

C1

16144

23137

1519241121

20106

173

229

121858

21

100806040200


Uti

lity


Accuracy

68









Accuracies

212019181716151413121110987654321

100

80

60

40

20

0212019181716151413121110987654321

No Action Accuracy

Dataset

Dia

gnos

tic

Acc

urac

y

Action Accuracy

212019181716151413121110987654321

100

80

60

40

20

0212019181716151413121110987654321

No Action Accuracy

Dataset

Dia

gnos

tic

Acc

urac

y

Action Accuracy

212019181716151413121110987654321

100

80

60

40

20

0212019181716151413121110987654321

No Action Accuracy

Dataset

Dia

gnos

tic

Acc

urac

y




Not ActAct

100

80

60

40

20

0

Test

s [

of

Tota

l]


All Accuracies


100

80

60

40

20

0

Dia

gnos

tic

Acc

urac

y

989

100

05

10

497

925



74



Numeric Survival

Pass Fail

Classification


Replace Defer



Unambiguous Opaque


75





bull System Data


Test Data

Feature Extraction

Experience Library

Knowledge Rules

76

Data

Information



77

GoodPoor

750

250 281

719

1000

1975 1979

1982





78


Testing Sites

79





80




at U0 [10-3]


U0 [10-3]

Mean VLF-TD

at U0 [10-3]

No Action

Required (Best 80 )


Further Study

005 to 05 Or

5 to 80 Or

4 to 50

Action Required


Knowledge Rule


81



82

10001001001

100000

10000

1000

100

010

00110001001001


TD Uo [E-3]

Tip

Up (

15U

o -

05U

o) [

E-3]


4 50

5

80



83

Evergreen Glenwood


Action Required133

Further Study267


1986 Vintage12 Ckts




84

302520151050

1000

100

10

1


Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]Voltage


Tip Up Mean Tan δ



85

302520151050

1000

100

10

1


Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]Voltage


Tip Up Mean Tan δ


Wet Circuits

86




87



and 10 mins (E-3)



Mean VLF-TD at





88

302520151050-5

10

1

Test Time [min]

Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]Voltage

Test

Stability15Uo=27E-3


Snopud Segment 6912



302520151050-5

10

1

Test Time [min]

Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

05101522

[Uo]Voltage

Test

Snopud Segment 6912

0 to 10 mins

89


Change in Tan Delta

between 0 and 10

mins (E-3)

VLF-TD Stability


at Maintenance

Level [10-3]

Mean VLF-TD at





0 to 30 mins

90

302520151050-5

10

1

Test Time [min]

Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

05101522

[Uo]Voltage

Test

Snopud 6912



91

302520151050

1000

100

10

1


Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]_2Voltage


Mean Tan δ


302520151050

1000

100

10

1


Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]Voltage

Test


92


Mean Tan δ




at U0 [10-3]


[10-3]

Mean VLF-TD

at U0 [10-3]

No Action


Further Study

005 to

05 Or

5 to 80 Or

4 to 50



93

05

50

0 1 2




Nigel Hampton

Bruce Olson

94


SUMMARY





95


Slide Number 2

Outline

Test Types

Field Tests

Commissioning




Slide Number 10

Diagnostics



TDR Equipment


Slide Number 16



Slide Number 19

VLF Waveforms


Setup

Slide Number 23



TD Assesment

Tan δ Equipment


Setup















Slide Number 44

Slide Number 45

Setup

Slide Number 47



PD Pulse



Setup

Online PD Equipment




Slide Number 58


Safe

Effective

Useful

Valuable


Lengths Tested



Accuracy



Accuracies


All Accuracies






Testing Sites







Wet Circuits



0 to 10 mins

0 to 30 mins




Slide Number 94

SUMMARY







TDR Equipment








TDR Principles


Far End

Joint L

Joint





18


28kV

60kV 34kV

56kV WPD amp TD

60kV

60kV

28kV

54kV

30kV

60kV


34kV


VLF Waveforms


-8000

-6000

-4000

-2000

0

2000

4000

6000

Volta

ge (k

V)


-8000

-6000

-4000

-2000

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

Volta

ge (k

V)

Sinusoidal

Cosine-Rectangular









Setup

22

VLF DUT


23



HOLD EARLY

Time

oltage

t = 0 tTest



Hold Entry

Ramp Entry


25



TD Assesment

26


Tan δ Equipment







Setup

29

VLF DUT Tan Delta

Data



T C S C T




Tan δ




δ

I

V

IC

IR

IR IC

= tangent of δ



Time

Voltage

Loss measurement


34


Time [min]

Tan-

delt

a [1

e-3]

543210

100

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

05101517

[pu]Voltage

Time [min]

Tan-

delt

a [1

e-3]

543210

100

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

05101517

[pu]Voltage

Time [min]

Tan-

delt

a [1

e-3]

543210

100

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

05101517

[pu]Voltage

Mean


Tip Up

Time [min]

Tan-

delt

a [1

e-3]

543210

100

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

05101517

[pu]Voltage

MeanTip Up

30 Cycles





HOLD Tan δ Ramp

Time

Voltage





OR


OR




38

Voltage [U0]

025 050 075 10 125 150 175 20 225 25

Frequency [Hz]

002

005

010


Ramp Withstand




18 Segments Tested

No Failures On Test







Pass - Stable Loss

60 min test

30 min test




Pass - Stable Loss

18 Segments Tested

60 min test

30 min test


41


















PD Interpretation



Setup

46

VLF DUT

PD SENSORS

FILTER

Data


47




X


X


Variable Wide

Bandwidth


situation



Time

oltage



PD Pulse



No PD

PD

A

B

C


52



Setup

53

DUT

PD SENSORS Data


Online PD Equipment








along cable circuit



Time

U0

oltage






No PD

PD


Nigel Hampton

58



59


60

Safe


61

Effective


62

Useful


63

Valuable



VLF DC Tan Delta

PD On PD Off TDR

IRC DAC


Category


65

Lengths Tested


Perc

ent

100

75

50

25

00100000100001000100

100000100001000100

100

75

50

25

00

PD Tan D

VLF Withstand



Median 3500 ft


TDR




56

Splices371 Cable

562



Percentage

C1

16144

23137

1519241121

20106

173

229

121858

21

100806040200


Uti

lity


Accuracy

68









Accuracies

212019181716151413121110987654321

100

80

60

40

20

0212019181716151413121110987654321

No Action Accuracy

Dataset

Dia

gnos

tic

Acc

urac

y

Action Accuracy

212019181716151413121110987654321

100

80

60

40

20

0212019181716151413121110987654321

No Action Accuracy

Dataset

Dia

gnos

tic

Acc

urac

y

Action Accuracy

212019181716151413121110987654321

100

80

60

40

20

0212019181716151413121110987654321

No Action Accuracy

Dataset

Dia

gnos

tic

Acc

urac

y




Not ActAct

100

80

60

40

20

0

Test

s [

of

Tota

l]


All Accuracies


100

80

60

40

20

0

Dia

gnos

tic

Acc

urac

y

989

100

05

10

497

925



74



Numeric Survival

Pass Fail

Classification


Replace Defer



Unambiguous Opaque


75





bull System Data


Test Data

Feature Extraction

Experience Library

Knowledge Rules

76

Data

Information



77

GoodPoor

750

250 281

719

1000

1975 1979

1982





78


Testing Sites

79





80




at U0 [10-3]


U0 [10-3]

Mean VLF-TD

at U0 [10-3]

No Action

Required (Best 80 )


Further Study

005 to 05 Or

5 to 80 Or

4 to 50

Action Required


Knowledge Rule


81



82

10001001001

100000

10000

1000

100

010

00110001001001


TD Uo [E-3]

Tip

Up (

15U

o -

05U

o) [

E-3]


4 50

5

80



83

Evergreen Glenwood


Action Required133

Further Study267


1986 Vintage12 Ckts




84

302520151050

1000

100

10

1


Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]Voltage


Tip Up Mean Tan δ



85

302520151050

1000

100

10

1


Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]Voltage


Tip Up Mean Tan δ


Wet Circuits

86




87



and 10 mins (E-3)



Mean VLF-TD at





88

302520151050-5

10

1

Test Time [min]

Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]Voltage

Test

Stability15Uo=27E-3


Snopud Segment 6912



302520151050-5

10

1

Test Time [min]

Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

05101522

[Uo]Voltage

Test

Snopud Segment 6912

0 to 10 mins

89


Change in Tan Delta

between 0 and 10

mins (E-3)

VLF-TD Stability


at Maintenance

Level [10-3]

Mean VLF-TD at





0 to 30 mins

90

302520151050-5

10

1

Test Time [min]

Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

05101522

[Uo]Voltage

Test

Snopud 6912



91

302520151050

1000

100

10

1


Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]_2Voltage


Mean Tan δ


302520151050

1000

100

10

1


Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]Voltage

Test


92


Mean Tan δ




at U0 [10-3]


[10-3]

Mean VLF-TD

at U0 [10-3]

No Action


Further Study

005 to

05 Or

5 to 80 Or

4 to 50



93

05

50

0 1 2




Nigel Hampton

Bruce Olson

94


SUMMARY





95


Slide Number 2

Outline

Test Types

Field Tests

Commissioning




Slide Number 10

Diagnostics



TDR Equipment


Slide Number 16



Slide Number 19

VLF Waveforms


Setup

Slide Number 23



TD Assesment

Tan δ Equipment


Setup















Slide Number 44

Slide Number 45

Setup

Slide Number 47



PD Pulse



Setup

Online PD Equipment




Slide Number 58


Safe

Effective

Useful

Valuable


Lengths Tested



Accuracy



Accuracies


All Accuracies






Testing Sites







Wet Circuits



0 to 10 mins

0 to 30 mins




Slide Number 94

SUMMARY







TDR Principles


Far End

Joint L

Joint





18


28kV

60kV 34kV

56kV WPD amp TD

60kV

60kV

28kV

54kV

30kV

60kV


34kV


VLF Waveforms


-8000

-6000

-4000

-2000

0

2000

4000

6000

Volta

ge (k

V)


-8000

-6000

-4000

-2000

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

Volta

ge (k

V)

Sinusoidal

Cosine-Rectangular









Setup

22

VLF DUT


23



HOLD EARLY

Time

oltage

t = 0 tTest



Hold Entry

Ramp Entry


25



TD Assesment

26


Tan δ Equipment







Setup

29

VLF DUT Tan Delta

Data



T C S C T




Tan δ




δ

I

V

IC

IR

IR IC

= tangent of δ



Time

Voltage

Loss measurement


34


Time [min]

Tan-

delt

a [1

e-3]

543210

100

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

05101517

[pu]Voltage

Time [min]

Tan-

delt

a [1

e-3]

543210

100

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

05101517

[pu]Voltage

Time [min]

Tan-

delt

a [1

e-3]

543210

100

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

05101517

[pu]Voltage

Mean


Tip Up

Time [min]

Tan-

delt

a [1

e-3]

543210

100

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

05101517

[pu]Voltage

MeanTip Up

30 Cycles





HOLD Tan δ Ramp

Time

Voltage





OR


OR




38

Voltage [U0]

025 050 075 10 125 150 175 20 225 25

Frequency [Hz]

002

005

010


Ramp Withstand




18 Segments Tested

No Failures On Test







Pass - Stable Loss

60 min test

30 min test




Pass - Stable Loss

18 Segments Tested

60 min test

30 min test


41


















PD Interpretation



Setup

46

VLF DUT

PD SENSORS

FILTER

Data


47




X


X


Variable Wide

Bandwidth


situation



Time

oltage



PD Pulse



No PD

PD

A

B

C


52



Setup

53

DUT

PD SENSORS Data


Online PD Equipment








along cable circuit



Time

U0

oltage






No PD

PD


Nigel Hampton

58



59


60

Safe


61

Effective


62

Useful


63

Valuable



VLF DC Tan Delta

PD On PD Off TDR

IRC DAC


Category


65

Lengths Tested


Perc

ent

100

75

50

25

00100000100001000100

100000100001000100

100

75

50

25

00

PD Tan D

VLF Withstand



Median 3500 ft


TDR




56

Splices371 Cable

562



Percentage

C1

16144

23137

1519241121

20106

173

229

121858

21

100806040200


Uti

lity


Accuracy

68









Accuracies

212019181716151413121110987654321

100

80

60

40

20

0212019181716151413121110987654321

No Action Accuracy

Dataset

Dia

gnos

tic

Acc

urac

y

Action Accuracy

212019181716151413121110987654321

100

80

60

40

20

0212019181716151413121110987654321

No Action Accuracy

Dataset

Dia

gnos

tic

Acc

urac

y

Action Accuracy

212019181716151413121110987654321

100

80

60

40

20

0212019181716151413121110987654321

No Action Accuracy

Dataset

Dia

gnos

tic

Acc

urac

y




Not ActAct

100

80

60

40

20

0

Test

s [

of

Tota

l]


All Accuracies


100

80

60

40

20

0

Dia

gnos

tic

Acc

urac

y

989

100

05

10

497

925



74



Numeric Survival

Pass Fail

Classification


Replace Defer



Unambiguous Opaque


75





bull System Data


Test Data

Feature Extraction

Experience Library

Knowledge Rules

76

Data

Information



77

GoodPoor

750

250 281

719

1000

1975 1979

1982





78


Testing Sites

79





80




at U0 [10-3]


U0 [10-3]

Mean VLF-TD

at U0 [10-3]

No Action

Required (Best 80 )


Further Study

005 to 05 Or

5 to 80 Or

4 to 50

Action Required


Knowledge Rule


81



82

10001001001

100000

10000

1000

100

010

00110001001001


TD Uo [E-3]

Tip

Up (

15U

o -

05U

o) [

E-3]


4 50

5

80



83

Evergreen Glenwood


Action Required133

Further Study267


1986 Vintage12 Ckts




84

302520151050

1000

100

10

1


Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]Voltage


Tip Up Mean Tan δ



85

302520151050

1000

100

10

1


Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]Voltage


Tip Up Mean Tan δ


Wet Circuits

86




87



and 10 mins (E-3)



Mean VLF-TD at





88

302520151050-5

10

1

Test Time [min]

Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]Voltage

Test

Stability15Uo=27E-3


Snopud Segment 6912



302520151050-5

10

1

Test Time [min]

Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

05101522

[Uo]Voltage

Test

Snopud Segment 6912

0 to 10 mins

89


Change in Tan Delta

between 0 and 10

mins (E-3)

VLF-TD Stability


at Maintenance

Level [10-3]

Mean VLF-TD at





0 to 30 mins

90

302520151050-5

10

1

Test Time [min]

Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

05101522

[Uo]Voltage

Test

Snopud 6912



91

302520151050

1000

100

10

1


Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]_2Voltage


Mean Tan δ


302520151050

1000

100

10

1


Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]Voltage

Test


92


Mean Tan δ




at U0 [10-3]


[10-3]

Mean VLF-TD

at U0 [10-3]

No Action


Further Study

005 to

05 Or

5 to 80 Or

4 to 50



93

05

50

0 1 2




Nigel Hampton

Bruce Olson

94


SUMMARY





95


Slide Number 2

Outline

Test Types

Field Tests

Commissioning




Slide Number 10

Diagnostics



TDR Equipment


Slide Number 16



Slide Number 19

VLF Waveforms


Setup

Slide Number 23



TD Assesment

Tan δ Equipment


Setup















Slide Number 44

Slide Number 45

Setup

Slide Number 47



PD Pulse



Setup

Online PD Equipment




Slide Number 58


Safe

Effective

Useful

Valuable


Lengths Tested



Accuracy



Accuracies


All Accuracies






Testing Sites







Wet Circuits



0 to 10 mins

0 to 30 mins




Slide Number 94

SUMMARY





18


28kV

60kV 34kV

56kV WPD amp TD

60kV

60kV

28kV

54kV

30kV

60kV


34kV


VLF Waveforms


-8000

-6000

-4000

-2000

0

2000

4000

6000

Volta

ge (k

V)


-8000

-6000

-4000

-2000

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

Volta

ge (k

V)

Sinusoidal

Cosine-Rectangular









Setup

22

VLF DUT


23



HOLD EARLY

Time

oltage

t = 0 tTest



Hold Entry

Ramp Entry


25



TD Assesment

26


Tan δ Equipment







Setup

29

VLF DUT Tan Delta

Data



T C S C T




Tan δ




δ

I

V

IC

IR

IR IC

= tangent of δ



Time

Voltage

Loss measurement


34


Time [min]

Tan-

delt

a [1

e-3]

543210

100

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

05101517

[pu]Voltage

Time [min]

Tan-

delt

a [1

e-3]

543210

100

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

05101517

[pu]Voltage

Time [min]

Tan-

delt

a [1

e-3]

543210

100

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

05101517

[pu]Voltage

Mean


Tip Up

Time [min]

Tan-

delt

a [1

e-3]

543210

100

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

05101517

[pu]Voltage

MeanTip Up

30 Cycles





HOLD Tan δ Ramp

Time

Voltage





OR


OR




38

Voltage [U0]

025 050 075 10 125 150 175 20 225 25

Frequency [Hz]

002

005

010


Ramp Withstand




18 Segments Tested

No Failures On Test







Pass - Stable Loss

60 min test

30 min test




Pass - Stable Loss

18 Segments Tested

60 min test

30 min test


41


















PD Interpretation



Setup

46

VLF DUT

PD SENSORS

FILTER

Data


47




X


X


Variable Wide

Bandwidth


situation



Time

oltage



PD Pulse



No PD

PD

A

B

C


52



Setup

53

DUT

PD SENSORS Data


Online PD Equipment








along cable circuit



Time

U0

oltage






No PD

PD


Nigel Hampton

58



59


60

Safe


61

Effective


62

Useful


63

Valuable



VLF DC Tan Delta

PD On PD Off TDR

IRC DAC


Category


65

Lengths Tested


Perc

ent

100

75

50

25

00100000100001000100

100000100001000100

100

75

50

25

00

PD Tan D

VLF Withstand



Median 3500 ft


TDR




56

Splices371 Cable

562



Percentage

C1

16144

23137

1519241121

20106

173

229

121858

21

100806040200


Uti

lity


Accuracy

68









Accuracies

212019181716151413121110987654321

100

80

60

40

20

0212019181716151413121110987654321

No Action Accuracy

Dataset

Dia

gnos

tic

Acc

urac

y

Action Accuracy

212019181716151413121110987654321

100

80

60

40

20

0212019181716151413121110987654321

No Action Accuracy

Dataset

Dia

gnos

tic

Acc

urac

y

Action Accuracy

212019181716151413121110987654321

100

80

60

40

20

0212019181716151413121110987654321

No Action Accuracy

Dataset

Dia

gnos

tic

Acc

urac

y




Not ActAct

100

80

60

40

20

0

Test

s [

of

Tota

l]


All Accuracies


100

80

60

40

20

0

Dia

gnos

tic

Acc

urac

y

989

100

05

10

497

925



74



Numeric Survival

Pass Fail

Classification


Replace Defer



Unambiguous Opaque


75





bull System Data


Test Data

Feature Extraction

Experience Library

Knowledge Rules

76

Data

Information



77

GoodPoor

750

250 281

719

1000

1975 1979

1982





78


Testing Sites

79





80




at U0 [10-3]


U0 [10-3]

Mean VLF-TD

at U0 [10-3]

No Action

Required (Best 80 )


Further Study

005 to 05 Or

5 to 80 Or

4 to 50

Action Required


Knowledge Rule


81



82

10001001001

100000

10000

1000

100

010

00110001001001


TD Uo [E-3]

Tip

Up (

15U

o -

05U

o) [

E-3]


4 50

5

80



83

Evergreen Glenwood


Action Required133

Further Study267


1986 Vintage12 Ckts




84

302520151050

1000

100

10

1


Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]Voltage


Tip Up Mean Tan δ



85

302520151050

1000

100

10

1


Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]Voltage


Tip Up Mean Tan δ


Wet Circuits

86




87



and 10 mins (E-3)



Mean VLF-TD at





88

302520151050-5

10

1

Test Time [min]

Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]Voltage

Test

Stability15Uo=27E-3


Snopud Segment 6912



302520151050-5

10

1

Test Time [min]

Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

05101522

[Uo]Voltage

Test

Snopud Segment 6912

0 to 10 mins

89


Change in Tan Delta

between 0 and 10

mins (E-3)

VLF-TD Stability


at Maintenance

Level [10-3]

Mean VLF-TD at





0 to 30 mins

90

302520151050-5

10

1

Test Time [min]

Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

05101522

[Uo]Voltage

Test

Snopud 6912



91

302520151050

1000

100

10

1


Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]_2Voltage


Mean Tan δ


302520151050

1000

100

10

1


Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]Voltage

Test


92


Mean Tan δ




at U0 [10-3]


[10-3]

Mean VLF-TD

at U0 [10-3]

No Action


Further Study

005 to

05 Or

5 to 80 Or

4 to 50



93

05

50

0 1 2




Nigel Hampton

Bruce Olson

94


SUMMARY





95


Slide Number 2

Outline

Test Types

Field Tests

Commissioning




Slide Number 10

Diagnostics



TDR Equipment


Slide Number 16



Slide Number 19

VLF Waveforms


Setup

Slide Number 23



TD Assesment

Tan δ Equipment


Setup















Slide Number 44

Slide Number 45

Setup

Slide Number 47



PD Pulse



Setup

Online PD Equipment




Slide Number 58


Safe

Effective

Useful

Valuable


Lengths Tested



Accuracy



Accuracies


All Accuracies






Testing Sites







Wet Circuits



0 to 10 mins

0 to 30 mins




Slide Number 94

SUMMARY


28kV

60kV 34kV

56kV WPD amp TD

60kV

60kV

28kV

54kV

30kV

60kV


34kV


VLF Waveforms


-8000

-6000

-4000

-2000

0

2000

4000

6000

Volta

ge (k

V)


-8000

-6000

-4000

-2000

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

Volta

ge (k

V)

Sinusoidal

Cosine-Rectangular









Setup

22

VLF DUT


23



HOLD EARLY

Time

oltage

t = 0 tTest



Hold Entry

Ramp Entry


25



TD Assesment

26


Tan δ Equipment







Setup

29

VLF DUT Tan Delta

Data



T C S C T




Tan δ




δ

I

V

IC

IR

IR IC

= tangent of δ



Time

Voltage

Loss measurement


34


Time [min]

Tan-

delt

a [1

e-3]

543210

100

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

05101517

[pu]Voltage

Time [min]

Tan-

delt

a [1

e-3]

543210

100

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

05101517

[pu]Voltage

Time [min]

Tan-

delt

a [1

e-3]

543210

100

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

05101517

[pu]Voltage

Mean


Tip Up

Time [min]

Tan-

delt

a [1

e-3]

543210

100

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

05101517

[pu]Voltage

MeanTip Up

30 Cycles





HOLD Tan δ Ramp

Time

Voltage





OR


OR




38

Voltage [U0]

025 050 075 10 125 150 175 20 225 25

Frequency [Hz]

002

005

010


Ramp Withstand




18 Segments Tested

No Failures On Test







Pass - Stable Loss

60 min test

30 min test




Pass - Stable Loss

18 Segments Tested

60 min test

30 min test


41


















PD Interpretation



Setup

46

VLF DUT

PD SENSORS

FILTER

Data


47




X


X


Variable Wide

Bandwidth


situation



Time

oltage



PD Pulse



No PD

PD

A

B

C


52



Setup

53

DUT

PD SENSORS Data


Online PD Equipment








along cable circuit



Time

U0

oltage






No PD

PD


Nigel Hampton

58



59


60

Safe


61

Effective


62

Useful


63

Valuable



VLF DC Tan Delta

PD On PD Off TDR

IRC DAC


Category


65

Lengths Tested


Perc

ent

100

75

50

25

00100000100001000100

100000100001000100

100

75

50

25

00

PD Tan D

VLF Withstand



Median 3500 ft


TDR




56

Splices371 Cable

562



Percentage

C1

16144

23137

1519241121

20106

173

229

121858

21

100806040200


Uti

lity


Accuracy

68









Accuracies

212019181716151413121110987654321

100

80

60

40

20

0212019181716151413121110987654321

No Action Accuracy

Dataset

Dia

gnos

tic

Acc

urac

y

Action Accuracy

212019181716151413121110987654321

100

80

60

40

20

0212019181716151413121110987654321

No Action Accuracy

Dataset

Dia

gnos

tic

Acc

urac

y

Action Accuracy

212019181716151413121110987654321

100

80

60

40

20

0212019181716151413121110987654321

No Action Accuracy

Dataset

Dia

gnos

tic

Acc

urac

y




Not ActAct

100

80

60

40

20

0

Test

s [

of

Tota

l]


All Accuracies


100

80

60

40

20

0

Dia

gnos

tic

Acc

urac

y

989

100

05

10

497

925



74



Numeric Survival

Pass Fail

Classification


Replace Defer



Unambiguous Opaque


75





bull System Data


Test Data

Feature Extraction

Experience Library

Knowledge Rules

76

Data

Information



77

GoodPoor

750

250 281

719

1000

1975 1979

1982





78


Testing Sites

79





80




at U0 [10-3]


U0 [10-3]

Mean VLF-TD

at U0 [10-3]

No Action

Required (Best 80 )


Further Study

005 to 05 Or

5 to 80 Or

4 to 50

Action Required


Knowledge Rule


81



82

10001001001

100000

10000

1000

100

010

00110001001001


TD Uo [E-3]

Tip

Up (

15U

o -

05U

o) [

E-3]


4 50

5

80



83

Evergreen Glenwood


Action Required133

Further Study267


1986 Vintage12 Ckts




84

302520151050

1000

100

10

1


Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]Voltage


Tip Up Mean Tan δ



85

302520151050

1000

100

10

1


Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]Voltage


Tip Up Mean Tan δ


Wet Circuits

86




87



and 10 mins (E-3)



Mean VLF-TD at





88

302520151050-5

10

1

Test Time [min]

Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]Voltage

Test

Stability15Uo=27E-3


Snopud Segment 6912



302520151050-5

10

1

Test Time [min]

Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

05101522

[Uo]Voltage

Test

Snopud Segment 6912

0 to 10 mins

89


Change in Tan Delta

between 0 and 10

mins (E-3)

VLF-TD Stability


at Maintenance

Level [10-3]

Mean VLF-TD at





0 to 30 mins

90

302520151050-5

10

1

Test Time [min]

Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

05101522

[Uo]Voltage

Test

Snopud 6912



91

302520151050

1000

100

10

1


Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]_2Voltage


Mean Tan δ


302520151050

1000

100

10

1


Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]Voltage

Test


92


Mean Tan δ




at U0 [10-3]


[10-3]

Mean VLF-TD

at U0 [10-3]

No Action


Further Study

005 to

05 Or

5 to 80 Or

4 to 50



93

05

50

0 1 2




Nigel Hampton

Bruce Olson

94


SUMMARY





95


Slide Number 2

Outline

Test Types

Field Tests

Commissioning




Slide Number 10

Diagnostics



TDR Equipment


Slide Number 16



Slide Number 19

VLF Waveforms


Setup

Slide Number 23



TD Assesment

Tan δ Equipment


Setup















Slide Number 44

Slide Number 45

Setup

Slide Number 47



PD Pulse



Setup

Online PD Equipment




Slide Number 58


Safe

Effective

Useful

Valuable


Lengths Tested



Accuracy



Accuracies


All Accuracies






Testing Sites







Wet Circuits



0 to 10 mins

0 to 30 mins




Slide Number 94

SUMMARY


VLF Waveforms


-8000

-6000

-4000

-2000

0

2000

4000

6000

Volta

ge (k

V)


-8000

-6000

-4000

-2000

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

Volta

ge (k

V)

Sinusoidal

Cosine-Rectangular









Setup

22

VLF DUT


23



HOLD EARLY

Time

oltage

t = 0 tTest



Hold Entry

Ramp Entry


25



TD Assesment

26


Tan δ Equipment







Setup

29

VLF DUT Tan Delta

Data



T C S C T




Tan δ




δ

I

V

IC

IR

IR IC

= tangent of δ



Time

Voltage

Loss measurement


34


Time [min]

Tan-

delt

a [1

e-3]

543210

100

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

05101517

[pu]Voltage

Time [min]

Tan-

delt

a [1

e-3]

543210

100

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

05101517

[pu]Voltage

Time [min]

Tan-

delt

a [1

e-3]

543210

100

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

05101517

[pu]Voltage

Mean


Tip Up

Time [min]

Tan-

delt

a [1

e-3]

543210

100

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

05101517

[pu]Voltage

MeanTip Up

30 Cycles





HOLD Tan δ Ramp

Time

Voltage





OR


OR




38

Voltage [U0]

025 050 075 10 125 150 175 20 225 25

Frequency [Hz]

002

005

010


Ramp Withstand




18 Segments Tested

No Failures On Test







Pass - Stable Loss

60 min test

30 min test




Pass - Stable Loss

18 Segments Tested

60 min test

30 min test


41


















PD Interpretation



Setup

46

VLF DUT

PD SENSORS

FILTER

Data


47




X


X


Variable Wide

Bandwidth


situation



Time

oltage



PD Pulse



No PD

PD

A

B

C


52



Setup

53

DUT

PD SENSORS Data


Online PD Equipment








along cable circuit



Time

U0

oltage






No PD

PD


Nigel Hampton

58



59


60

Safe


61

Effective


62

Useful


63

Valuable



VLF DC Tan Delta

PD On PD Off TDR

IRC DAC


Category


65

Lengths Tested


Perc

ent

100

75

50

25

00100000100001000100

100000100001000100

100

75

50

25

00

PD Tan D

VLF Withstand



Median 3500 ft


TDR




56

Splices371 Cable

562



Percentage

C1

16144

23137

1519241121

20106

173

229

121858

21

100806040200


Uti

lity


Accuracy

68









Accuracies

212019181716151413121110987654321

100

80

60

40

20

0212019181716151413121110987654321

No Action Accuracy

Dataset

Dia

gnos

tic

Acc

urac

y

Action Accuracy

212019181716151413121110987654321

100

80

60

40

20

0212019181716151413121110987654321

No Action Accuracy

Dataset

Dia

gnos

tic

Acc

urac

y

Action Accuracy

212019181716151413121110987654321

100

80

60

40

20

0212019181716151413121110987654321

No Action Accuracy

Dataset

Dia

gnos

tic

Acc

urac

y




Not ActAct

100

80

60

40

20

0

Test

s [

of

Tota

l]


All Accuracies


100

80

60

40

20

0

Dia

gnos

tic

Acc

urac

y

989

100

05

10

497

925



74



Numeric Survival

Pass Fail

Classification


Replace Defer



Unambiguous Opaque


75





bull System Data


Test Data

Feature Extraction

Experience Library

Knowledge Rules

76

Data

Information



77

GoodPoor

750

250 281

719

1000

1975 1979

1982





78


Testing Sites

79





80




at U0 [10-3]


U0 [10-3]

Mean VLF-TD

at U0 [10-3]

No Action

Required (Best 80 )


Further Study

005 to 05 Or

5 to 80 Or

4 to 50

Action Required


Knowledge Rule


81



82

10001001001

100000

10000

1000

100

010

00110001001001


TD Uo [E-3]

Tip

Up (

15U

o -

05U

o) [

E-3]


4 50

5

80



83

Evergreen Glenwood


Action Required133

Further Study267


1986 Vintage12 Ckts




84

302520151050

1000

100

10

1


Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]Voltage


Tip Up Mean Tan δ



85

302520151050

1000

100

10

1


Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]Voltage


Tip Up Mean Tan δ


Wet Circuits

86




87



and 10 mins (E-3)



Mean VLF-TD at





88

302520151050-5

10

1

Test Time [min]

Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]Voltage

Test

Stability15Uo=27E-3


Snopud Segment 6912



302520151050-5

10

1

Test Time [min]

Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

05101522

[Uo]Voltage

Test

Snopud Segment 6912

0 to 10 mins

89


Change in Tan Delta

between 0 and 10

mins (E-3)

VLF-TD Stability


at Maintenance

Level [10-3]

Mean VLF-TD at





0 to 30 mins

90

302520151050-5

10

1

Test Time [min]

Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

05101522

[Uo]Voltage

Test

Snopud 6912



91

302520151050

1000

100

10

1


Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]_2Voltage


Mean Tan δ


302520151050

1000

100

10

1


Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]Voltage

Test


92


Mean Tan δ




at U0 [10-3]


[10-3]

Mean VLF-TD

at U0 [10-3]

No Action


Further Study

005 to

05 Or

5 to 80 Or

4 to 50



93

05

50

0 1 2




Nigel Hampton

Bruce Olson

94


SUMMARY





95


Slide Number 2

Outline

Test Types

Field Tests

Commissioning




Slide Number 10

Diagnostics



TDR Equipment


Slide Number 16



Slide Number 19

VLF Waveforms


Setup

Slide Number 23



TD Assesment

Tan δ Equipment


Setup















Slide Number 44

Slide Number 45

Setup

Slide Number 47



PD Pulse



Setup

Online PD Equipment




Slide Number 58


Safe

Effective

Useful

Valuable


Lengths Tested



Accuracy



Accuracies


All Accuracies






Testing Sites







Wet Circuits



0 to 10 mins

0 to 30 mins




Slide Number 94

SUMMARY









Setup

22

VLF DUT


23



HOLD EARLY

Time

oltage

t = 0 tTest



Hold Entry

Ramp Entry


25



TD Assesment

26


Tan δ Equipment







Setup

29

VLF DUT Tan Delta

Data



T C S C T




Tan δ




δ

I

V

IC

IR

IR IC

= tangent of δ



Time

Voltage

Loss measurement


34


Time [min]

Tan-

delt

a [1

e-3]

543210

100

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

05101517

[pu]Voltage

Time [min]

Tan-

delt

a [1

e-3]

543210

100

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

05101517

[pu]Voltage

Time [min]

Tan-

delt

a [1

e-3]

543210

100

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

05101517

[pu]Voltage

Mean


Tip Up

Time [min]

Tan-

delt

a [1

e-3]

543210

100

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

05101517

[pu]Voltage

MeanTip Up

30 Cycles





HOLD Tan δ Ramp

Time

Voltage





OR


OR




38

Voltage [U0]

025 050 075 10 125 150 175 20 225 25

Frequency [Hz]

002

005

010


Ramp Withstand




18 Segments Tested

No Failures On Test







Pass - Stable Loss

60 min test

30 min test




Pass - Stable Loss

18 Segments Tested

60 min test

30 min test


41


















PD Interpretation



Setup

46

VLF DUT

PD SENSORS

FILTER

Data


47




X


X


Variable Wide

Bandwidth


situation



Time

oltage



PD Pulse



No PD

PD

A

B

C


52



Setup

53

DUT

PD SENSORS Data


Online PD Equipment








along cable circuit



Time

U0

oltage






No PD

PD


Nigel Hampton

58



59


60

Safe


61

Effective


62

Useful


63

Valuable



VLF DC Tan Delta

PD On PD Off TDR

IRC DAC


Category


65

Lengths Tested


Perc

ent

100

75

50

25

00100000100001000100

100000100001000100

100

75

50

25

00

PD Tan D

VLF Withstand



Median 3500 ft


TDR




56

Splices371 Cable

562



Percentage

C1

16144

23137

1519241121

20106

173

229

121858

21

100806040200


Uti

lity


Accuracy

68









Accuracies

212019181716151413121110987654321

100

80

60

40

20

0212019181716151413121110987654321

No Action Accuracy

Dataset

Dia

gnos

tic

Acc

urac

y

Action Accuracy

212019181716151413121110987654321

100

80

60

40

20

0212019181716151413121110987654321

No Action Accuracy

Dataset

Dia

gnos

tic

Acc

urac

y

Action Accuracy

212019181716151413121110987654321

100

80

60

40

20

0212019181716151413121110987654321

No Action Accuracy

Dataset

Dia

gnos

tic

Acc

urac

y




Not ActAct

100

80

60

40

20

0

Test

s [

of

Tota

l]


All Accuracies


100

80

60

40

20

0

Dia

gnos

tic

Acc

urac

y

989

100

05

10

497

925



74



Numeric Survival

Pass Fail

Classification


Replace Defer



Unambiguous Opaque


75





bull System Data


Test Data

Feature Extraction

Experience Library

Knowledge Rules

76

Data

Information



77

GoodPoor

750

250 281

719

1000

1975 1979

1982





78


Testing Sites

79





80




at U0 [10-3]


U0 [10-3]

Mean VLF-TD

at U0 [10-3]

No Action

Required (Best 80 )


Further Study

005 to 05 Or

5 to 80 Or

4 to 50

Action Required


Knowledge Rule


81



82

10001001001

100000

10000

1000

100

010

00110001001001


TD Uo [E-3]

Tip

Up (

15U

o -

05U

o) [

E-3]


4 50

5

80



83

Evergreen Glenwood


Action Required133

Further Study267


1986 Vintage12 Ckts




84

302520151050

1000

100

10

1


Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]Voltage


Tip Up Mean Tan δ



85

302520151050

1000

100

10

1


Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]Voltage


Tip Up Mean Tan δ


Wet Circuits

86




87



and 10 mins (E-3)



Mean VLF-TD at





88

302520151050-5

10

1

Test Time [min]

Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]Voltage

Test

Stability15Uo=27E-3


Snopud Segment 6912



302520151050-5

10

1

Test Time [min]

Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

05101522

[Uo]Voltage

Test

Snopud Segment 6912

0 to 10 mins

89


Change in Tan Delta

between 0 and 10

mins (E-3)

VLF-TD Stability


at Maintenance

Level [10-3]

Mean VLF-TD at





0 to 30 mins

90

302520151050-5

10

1

Test Time [min]

Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

05101522

[Uo]Voltage

Test

Snopud 6912



91

302520151050

1000

100

10

1


Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]_2Voltage


Mean Tan δ


302520151050

1000

100

10

1


Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]Voltage

Test


92


Mean Tan δ




at U0 [10-3]


[10-3]

Mean VLF-TD

at U0 [10-3]

No Action


Further Study

005 to

05 Or

5 to 80 Or

4 to 50



93

05

50

0 1 2




Nigel Hampton

Bruce Olson

94


SUMMARY





95


Slide Number 2

Outline

Test Types

Field Tests

Commissioning




Slide Number 10

Diagnostics



TDR Equipment


Slide Number 16



Slide Number 19

VLF Waveforms


Setup

Slide Number 23



TD Assesment

Tan δ Equipment


Setup















Slide Number 44

Slide Number 45

Setup

Slide Number 47



PD Pulse



Setup

Online PD Equipment




Slide Number 58


Safe

Effective

Useful

Valuable


Lengths Tested



Accuracy



Accuracies


All Accuracies






Testing Sites







Wet Circuits



0 to 10 mins

0 to 30 mins




Slide Number 94

SUMMARY


23



HOLD EARLY

Time

oltage

t = 0 tTest



Hold Entry

Ramp Entry


25



TD Assesment

26


Tan δ Equipment







Setup

29

VLF DUT Tan Delta

Data



T C S C T




Tan δ




δ

I

V

IC

IR

IR IC

= tangent of δ



Time

Voltage

Loss measurement


34


Time [min]

Tan-

delt

a [1

e-3]

543210

100

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

05101517

[pu]Voltage

Time [min]

Tan-

delt

a [1

e-3]

543210

100

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

05101517

[pu]Voltage

Time [min]

Tan-

delt

a [1

e-3]

543210

100

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

05101517

[pu]Voltage

Mean


Tip Up

Time [min]

Tan-

delt

a [1

e-3]

543210

100

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

05101517

[pu]Voltage

MeanTip Up

30 Cycles





HOLD Tan δ Ramp

Time

Voltage





OR


OR




38

Voltage [U0]

025 050 075 10 125 150 175 20 225 25

Frequency [Hz]

002

005

010


Ramp Withstand




18 Segments Tested

No Failures On Test







Pass - Stable Loss

60 min test

30 min test




Pass - Stable Loss

18 Segments Tested

60 min test

30 min test


41


















PD Interpretation



Setup

46

VLF DUT

PD SENSORS

FILTER

Data


47




X


X


Variable Wide

Bandwidth


situation



Time

oltage



PD Pulse



No PD

PD

A

B

C


52



Setup

53

DUT

PD SENSORS Data


Online PD Equipment








along cable circuit



Time

U0

oltage






No PD

PD


Nigel Hampton

58



59


60

Safe


61

Effective


62

Useful


63

Valuable



VLF DC Tan Delta

PD On PD Off TDR

IRC DAC


Category


65

Lengths Tested


Perc

ent

100

75

50

25

00100000100001000100

100000100001000100

100

75

50

25

00

PD Tan D

VLF Withstand



Median 3500 ft


TDR




56

Splices371 Cable

562



Percentage

C1

16144

23137

1519241121

20106

173

229

121858

21

100806040200


Uti

lity


Accuracy

68









Accuracies

212019181716151413121110987654321

100

80

60

40

20

0212019181716151413121110987654321

No Action Accuracy

Dataset

Dia

gnos

tic

Acc

urac

y

Action Accuracy

212019181716151413121110987654321

100

80

60

40

20

0212019181716151413121110987654321

No Action Accuracy

Dataset

Dia

gnos

tic

Acc

urac

y

Action Accuracy

212019181716151413121110987654321

100

80

60

40

20

0212019181716151413121110987654321

No Action Accuracy

Dataset

Dia

gnos

tic

Acc

urac

y




Not ActAct

100

80

60

40

20

0

Test

s [

of

Tota

l]


All Accuracies


100

80

60

40

20

0

Dia

gnos

tic

Acc

urac

y

989

100

05

10

497

925



74



Numeric Survival

Pass Fail

Classification


Replace Defer



Unambiguous Opaque


75





bull System Data


Test Data

Feature Extraction

Experience Library

Knowledge Rules

76

Data

Information



77

GoodPoor

750

250 281

719

1000

1975 1979

1982





78


Testing Sites

79





80




at U0 [10-3]


U0 [10-3]

Mean VLF-TD

at U0 [10-3]

No Action

Required (Best 80 )


Further Study

005 to 05 Or

5 to 80 Or

4 to 50

Action Required


Knowledge Rule


81



82

10001001001

100000

10000

1000

100

010

00110001001001


TD Uo [E-3]

Tip

Up (

15U

o -

05U

o) [

E-3]


4 50

5

80



83

Evergreen Glenwood


Action Required133

Further Study267


1986 Vintage12 Ckts




84

302520151050

1000

100

10

1


Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]Voltage


Tip Up Mean Tan δ



85

302520151050

1000

100

10

1


Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]Voltage


Tip Up Mean Tan δ


Wet Circuits

86




87



and 10 mins (E-3)



Mean VLF-TD at





88

302520151050-5

10

1

Test Time [min]

Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]Voltage

Test

Stability15Uo=27E-3


Snopud Segment 6912



302520151050-5

10

1

Test Time [min]

Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

05101522

[Uo]Voltage

Test

Snopud Segment 6912

0 to 10 mins

89


Change in Tan Delta

between 0 and 10

mins (E-3)

VLF-TD Stability


at Maintenance

Level [10-3]

Mean VLF-TD at





0 to 30 mins

90

302520151050-5

10

1

Test Time [min]

Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

05101522

[Uo]Voltage

Test

Snopud 6912



91

302520151050

1000

100

10

1


Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]_2Voltage


Mean Tan δ


302520151050

1000

100

10

1


Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]Voltage

Test


92


Mean Tan δ




at U0 [10-3]


[10-3]

Mean VLF-TD

at U0 [10-3]

No Action


Further Study

005 to

05 Or

5 to 80 Or

4 to 50



93

05

50

0 1 2




Nigel Hampton

Bruce Olson

94


SUMMARY





95


Slide Number 2

Outline

Test Types

Field Tests

Commissioning




Slide Number 10

Diagnostics



TDR Equipment


Slide Number 16



Slide Number 19

VLF Waveforms


Setup

Slide Number 23



TD Assesment

Tan δ Equipment


Setup















Slide Number 44

Slide Number 45

Setup

Slide Number 47



PD Pulse



Setup

Online PD Equipment




Slide Number 58


Safe

Effective

Useful

Valuable


Lengths Tested



Accuracy



Accuracies


All Accuracies






Testing Sites







Wet Circuits



0 to 10 mins

0 to 30 mins




Slide Number 94

SUMMARY



HOLD EARLY

Time

oltage

t = 0 tTest



Hold Entry

Ramp Entry


25



TD Assesment

26


Tan δ Equipment







Setup

29

VLF DUT Tan Delta

Data



T C S C T




Tan δ




δ

I

V

IC

IR

IR IC

= tangent of δ



Time

Voltage

Loss measurement


34


Time [min]

Tan-

delt

a [1

e-3]

543210

100

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

05101517

[pu]Voltage

Time [min]

Tan-

delt

a [1

e-3]

543210

100

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

05101517

[pu]Voltage

Time [min]

Tan-

delt

a [1

e-3]

543210

100

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

05101517

[pu]Voltage

Mean


Tip Up

Time [min]

Tan-

delt

a [1

e-3]

543210

100

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

05101517

[pu]Voltage

MeanTip Up

30 Cycles





HOLD Tan δ Ramp

Time

Voltage





OR


OR




38

Voltage [U0]

025 050 075 10 125 150 175 20 225 25

Frequency [Hz]

002

005

010


Ramp Withstand




18 Segments Tested

No Failures On Test







Pass - Stable Loss

60 min test

30 min test




Pass - Stable Loss

18 Segments Tested

60 min test

30 min test


41


















PD Interpretation



Setup

46

VLF DUT

PD SENSORS

FILTER

Data


47




X


X


Variable Wide

Bandwidth


situation



Time

oltage



PD Pulse



No PD

PD

A

B

C


52



Setup

53

DUT

PD SENSORS Data


Online PD Equipment








along cable circuit



Time

U0

oltage






No PD

PD


Nigel Hampton

58



59


60

Safe


61

Effective


62

Useful


63

Valuable



VLF DC Tan Delta

PD On PD Off TDR

IRC DAC


Category


65

Lengths Tested


Perc

ent

100

75

50

25

00100000100001000100

100000100001000100

100

75

50

25

00

PD Tan D

VLF Withstand



Median 3500 ft


TDR




56

Splices371 Cable

562



Percentage

C1

16144

23137

1519241121

20106

173

229

121858

21

100806040200


Uti

lity


Accuracy

68









Accuracies

212019181716151413121110987654321

100

80

60

40

20

0212019181716151413121110987654321

No Action Accuracy

Dataset

Dia

gnos

tic

Acc

urac

y

Action Accuracy

212019181716151413121110987654321

100

80

60

40

20

0212019181716151413121110987654321

No Action Accuracy

Dataset

Dia

gnos

tic

Acc

urac

y

Action Accuracy

212019181716151413121110987654321

100

80

60

40

20

0212019181716151413121110987654321

No Action Accuracy

Dataset

Dia

gnos

tic

Acc

urac

y




Not ActAct

100

80

60

40

20

0

Test

s [

of

Tota

l]


All Accuracies


100

80

60

40

20

0

Dia

gnos

tic

Acc

urac

y

989

100

05

10

497

925



74



Numeric Survival

Pass Fail

Classification


Replace Defer



Unambiguous Opaque


75





bull System Data


Test Data

Feature Extraction

Experience Library

Knowledge Rules

76

Data

Information



77

GoodPoor

750

250 281

719

1000

1975 1979

1982





78


Testing Sites

79





80




at U0 [10-3]


U0 [10-3]

Mean VLF-TD

at U0 [10-3]

No Action

Required (Best 80 )


Further Study

005 to 05 Or

5 to 80 Or

4 to 50

Action Required


Knowledge Rule


81



82

10001001001

100000

10000

1000

100

010

00110001001001


TD Uo [E-3]

Tip

Up (

15U

o -

05U

o) [

E-3]


4 50

5

80



83

Evergreen Glenwood


Action Required133

Further Study267


1986 Vintage12 Ckts




84

302520151050

1000

100

10

1


Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]Voltage


Tip Up Mean Tan δ



85

302520151050

1000

100

10

1


Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]Voltage


Tip Up Mean Tan δ


Wet Circuits

86




87



and 10 mins (E-3)



Mean VLF-TD at





88

302520151050-5

10

1

Test Time [min]

Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]Voltage

Test

Stability15Uo=27E-3


Snopud Segment 6912



302520151050-5

10

1

Test Time [min]

Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

05101522

[Uo]Voltage

Test

Snopud Segment 6912

0 to 10 mins

89


Change in Tan Delta

between 0 and 10

mins (E-3)

VLF-TD Stability


at Maintenance

Level [10-3]

Mean VLF-TD at





0 to 30 mins

90

302520151050-5

10

1

Test Time [min]

Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

05101522

[Uo]Voltage

Test

Snopud 6912



91

302520151050

1000

100

10

1


Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]_2Voltage


Mean Tan δ


302520151050

1000

100

10

1


Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]Voltage

Test


92


Mean Tan δ




at U0 [10-3]


[10-3]

Mean VLF-TD

at U0 [10-3]

No Action


Further Study

005 to

05 Or

5 to 80 Or

4 to 50



93

05

50

0 1 2




Nigel Hampton

Bruce Olson

94


SUMMARY





95


Slide Number 2

Outline

Test Types

Field Tests

Commissioning




Slide Number 10

Diagnostics



TDR Equipment


Slide Number 16



Slide Number 19

VLF Waveforms


Setup

Slide Number 23



TD Assesment

Tan δ Equipment


Setup















Slide Number 44

Slide Number 45

Setup

Slide Number 47



PD Pulse



Setup

Online PD Equipment




Slide Number 58


Safe

Effective

Useful

Valuable


Lengths Tested



Accuracy



Accuracies


All Accuracies






Testing Sites







Wet Circuits



0 to 10 mins

0 to 30 mins




Slide Number 94

SUMMARY


25



TD Assesment

26


Tan δ Equipment







Setup

29

VLF DUT Tan Delta

Data



T C S C T




Tan δ




δ

I

V

IC

IR

IR IC

= tangent of δ



Time

Voltage

Loss measurement


34


Time [min]

Tan-

delt

a [1

e-3]

543210

100

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

05101517

[pu]Voltage

Time [min]

Tan-

delt

a [1

e-3]

543210

100

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

05101517

[pu]Voltage

Time [min]

Tan-

delt

a [1

e-3]

543210

100

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

05101517

[pu]Voltage

Mean


Tip Up

Time [min]

Tan-

delt

a [1

e-3]

543210

100

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

05101517

[pu]Voltage

MeanTip Up

30 Cycles





HOLD Tan δ Ramp

Time

Voltage





OR


OR




38

Voltage [U0]

025 050 075 10 125 150 175 20 225 25

Frequency [Hz]

002

005

010


Ramp Withstand




18 Segments Tested

No Failures On Test







Pass - Stable Loss

60 min test

30 min test




Pass - Stable Loss

18 Segments Tested

60 min test

30 min test


41


















PD Interpretation



Setup

46

VLF DUT

PD SENSORS

FILTER

Data


47




X


X


Variable Wide

Bandwidth


situation



Time

oltage



PD Pulse



No PD

PD

A

B

C


52



Setup

53

DUT

PD SENSORS Data


Online PD Equipment








along cable circuit



Time

U0

oltage






No PD

PD


Nigel Hampton

58



59


60

Safe


61

Effective


62

Useful


63

Valuable



VLF DC Tan Delta

PD On PD Off TDR

IRC DAC


Category


65

Lengths Tested


Perc

ent

100

75

50

25

00100000100001000100

100000100001000100

100

75

50

25

00

PD Tan D

VLF Withstand



Median 3500 ft


TDR




56

Splices371 Cable

562



Percentage

C1

16144

23137

1519241121

20106

173

229

121858

21

100806040200


Uti

lity


Accuracy

68









Accuracies

212019181716151413121110987654321

100

80

60

40

20

0212019181716151413121110987654321

No Action Accuracy

Dataset

Dia

gnos

tic

Acc

urac

y

Action Accuracy

212019181716151413121110987654321

100

80

60

40

20

0212019181716151413121110987654321

No Action Accuracy

Dataset

Dia

gnos

tic

Acc

urac

y

Action Accuracy

212019181716151413121110987654321

100

80

60

40

20

0212019181716151413121110987654321

No Action Accuracy

Dataset

Dia

gnos

tic

Acc

urac

y




Not ActAct

100

80

60

40

20

0

Test

s [

of

Tota

l]


All Accuracies


100

80

60

40

20

0

Dia

gnos

tic

Acc

urac

y

989

100

05

10

497

925



74



Numeric Survival

Pass Fail

Classification


Replace Defer



Unambiguous Opaque


75





bull System Data


Test Data

Feature Extraction

Experience Library

Knowledge Rules

76

Data

Information



77

GoodPoor

750

250 281

719

1000

1975 1979

1982





78


Testing Sites

79





80




at U0 [10-3]


U0 [10-3]

Mean VLF-TD

at U0 [10-3]

No Action

Required (Best 80 )


Further Study

005 to 05 Or

5 to 80 Or

4 to 50

Action Required


Knowledge Rule


81



82

10001001001

100000

10000

1000

100

010

00110001001001


TD Uo [E-3]

Tip

Up (

15U

o -

05U

o) [

E-3]


4 50

5

80



83

Evergreen Glenwood


Action Required133

Further Study267


1986 Vintage12 Ckts




84

302520151050

1000

100

10

1


Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]Voltage


Tip Up Mean Tan δ



85

302520151050

1000

100

10

1


Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]Voltage


Tip Up Mean Tan δ


Wet Circuits

86




87



and 10 mins (E-3)



Mean VLF-TD at





88

302520151050-5

10

1

Test Time [min]

Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]Voltage

Test

Stability15Uo=27E-3


Snopud Segment 6912



302520151050-5

10

1

Test Time [min]

Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

05101522

[Uo]Voltage

Test

Snopud Segment 6912

0 to 10 mins

89


Change in Tan Delta

between 0 and 10

mins (E-3)

VLF-TD Stability


at Maintenance

Level [10-3]

Mean VLF-TD at





0 to 30 mins

90

302520151050-5

10

1

Test Time [min]

Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

05101522

[Uo]Voltage

Test

Snopud 6912



91

302520151050

1000

100

10

1


Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]_2Voltage


Mean Tan δ


302520151050

1000

100

10

1


Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]Voltage

Test


92


Mean Tan δ




at U0 [10-3]


[10-3]

Mean VLF-TD

at U0 [10-3]

No Action


Further Study

005 to

05 Or

5 to 80 Or

4 to 50



93

05

50

0 1 2




Nigel Hampton

Bruce Olson

94


SUMMARY





95


Slide Number 2

Outline

Test Types

Field Tests

Commissioning




Slide Number 10

Diagnostics



TDR Equipment


Slide Number 16



Slide Number 19

VLF Waveforms


Setup

Slide Number 23



TD Assesment

Tan δ Equipment


Setup















Slide Number 44

Slide Number 45

Setup

Slide Number 47



PD Pulse



Setup

Online PD Equipment




Slide Number 58


Safe

Effective

Useful

Valuable


Lengths Tested



Accuracy



Accuracies


All Accuracies






Testing Sites







Wet Circuits



0 to 10 mins

0 to 30 mins




Slide Number 94

SUMMARY


TD Assesment

26


Tan δ Equipment







Setup

29

VLF DUT Tan Delta

Data



T C S C T




Tan δ




δ

I

V

IC

IR

IR IC

= tangent of δ



Time

Voltage

Loss measurement


34


Time [min]

Tan-

delt

a [1

e-3]

543210

100

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

05101517

[pu]Voltage

Time [min]

Tan-

delt

a [1

e-3]

543210

100

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

05101517

[pu]Voltage

Time [min]

Tan-

delt

a [1

e-3]

543210

100

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

05101517

[pu]Voltage

Mean


Tip Up

Time [min]

Tan-

delt

a [1

e-3]

543210

100

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

05101517

[pu]Voltage

MeanTip Up

30 Cycles





HOLD Tan δ Ramp

Time

Voltage





OR


OR




38

Voltage [U0]

025 050 075 10 125 150 175 20 225 25

Frequency [Hz]

002

005

010


Ramp Withstand




18 Segments Tested

No Failures On Test







Pass - Stable Loss

60 min test

30 min test




Pass - Stable Loss

18 Segments Tested

60 min test

30 min test


41


















PD Interpretation



Setup

46

VLF DUT

PD SENSORS

FILTER

Data


47




X


X


Variable Wide

Bandwidth


situation



Time

oltage



PD Pulse



No PD

PD

A

B

C


52



Setup

53

DUT

PD SENSORS Data


Online PD Equipment








along cable circuit



Time

U0

oltage






No PD

PD


Nigel Hampton

58



59


60

Safe


61

Effective


62

Useful


63

Valuable



VLF DC Tan Delta

PD On PD Off TDR

IRC DAC


Category


65

Lengths Tested


Perc

ent

100

75

50

25

00100000100001000100

100000100001000100

100

75

50

25

00

PD Tan D

VLF Withstand



Median 3500 ft


TDR




56

Splices371 Cable

562



Percentage

C1

16144

23137

1519241121

20106

173

229

121858

21

100806040200


Uti

lity


Accuracy

68









Accuracies

212019181716151413121110987654321

100

80

60

40

20

0212019181716151413121110987654321

No Action Accuracy

Dataset

Dia

gnos

tic

Acc

urac

y

Action Accuracy

212019181716151413121110987654321

100

80

60

40

20

0212019181716151413121110987654321

No Action Accuracy

Dataset

Dia

gnos

tic

Acc

urac

y

Action Accuracy

212019181716151413121110987654321

100

80

60

40

20

0212019181716151413121110987654321

No Action Accuracy

Dataset

Dia

gnos

tic

Acc

urac

y




Not ActAct

100

80

60

40

20

0

Test

s [

of

Tota

l]


All Accuracies


100

80

60

40

20

0

Dia

gnos

tic

Acc

urac

y

989

100

05

10

497

925



74



Numeric Survival

Pass Fail

Classification


Replace Defer



Unambiguous Opaque


75





bull System Data


Test Data

Feature Extraction

Experience Library

Knowledge Rules

76

Data

Information



77

GoodPoor

750

250 281

719

1000

1975 1979

1982





78


Testing Sites

79





80




at U0 [10-3]


U0 [10-3]

Mean VLF-TD

at U0 [10-3]

No Action

Required (Best 80 )


Further Study

005 to 05 Or

5 to 80 Or

4 to 50

Action Required


Knowledge Rule


81



82

10001001001

100000

10000

1000

100

010

00110001001001


TD Uo [E-3]

Tip

Up (

15U

o -

05U

o) [

E-3]


4 50

5

80



83

Evergreen Glenwood


Action Required133

Further Study267


1986 Vintage12 Ckts




84

302520151050

1000

100

10

1


Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]Voltage


Tip Up Mean Tan δ



85

302520151050

1000

100

10

1


Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]Voltage


Tip Up Mean Tan δ


Wet Circuits

86




87



and 10 mins (E-3)



Mean VLF-TD at





88

302520151050-5

10

1

Test Time [min]

Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]Voltage

Test

Stability15Uo=27E-3


Snopud Segment 6912



302520151050-5

10

1

Test Time [min]

Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

05101522

[Uo]Voltage

Test

Snopud Segment 6912

0 to 10 mins

89


Change in Tan Delta

between 0 and 10

mins (E-3)

VLF-TD Stability


at Maintenance

Level [10-3]

Mean VLF-TD at





0 to 30 mins

90

302520151050-5

10

1

Test Time [min]

Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

05101522

[Uo]Voltage

Test

Snopud 6912



91

302520151050

1000

100

10

1


Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]_2Voltage


Mean Tan δ


302520151050

1000

100

10

1


Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]Voltage

Test


92


Mean Tan δ




at U0 [10-3]


[10-3]

Mean VLF-TD

at U0 [10-3]

No Action


Further Study

005 to

05 Or

5 to 80 Or

4 to 50



93

05

50

0 1 2




Nigel Hampton

Bruce Olson

94


SUMMARY





95


Slide Number 2

Outline

Test Types

Field Tests

Commissioning




Slide Number 10

Diagnostics



TDR Equipment


Slide Number 16



Slide Number 19

VLF Waveforms


Setup

Slide Number 23



TD Assesment

Tan δ Equipment


Setup















Slide Number 44

Slide Number 45

Setup

Slide Number 47



PD Pulse



Setup

Online PD Equipment




Slide Number 58


Safe

Effective

Useful

Valuable


Lengths Tested



Accuracy



Accuracies


All Accuracies






Testing Sites







Wet Circuits



0 to 10 mins

0 to 30 mins




Slide Number 94

SUMMARY


Tan δ Equipment







Setup

29

VLF DUT Tan Delta

Data



T C S C T




Tan δ




δ

I

V

IC

IR

IR IC

= tangent of δ



Time

Voltage

Loss measurement


34


Time [min]

Tan-

delt

a [1

e-3]

543210

100

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

05101517

[pu]Voltage

Time [min]

Tan-

delt

a [1

e-3]

543210

100

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

05101517

[pu]Voltage

Time [min]

Tan-

delt

a [1

e-3]

543210

100

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

05101517

[pu]Voltage

Mean


Tip Up

Time [min]

Tan-

delt

a [1

e-3]

543210

100

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

05101517

[pu]Voltage

MeanTip Up

30 Cycles





HOLD Tan δ Ramp

Time

Voltage





OR


OR




38

Voltage [U0]

025 050 075 10 125 150 175 20 225 25

Frequency [Hz]

002

005

010


Ramp Withstand




18 Segments Tested

No Failures On Test







Pass - Stable Loss

60 min test

30 min test




Pass - Stable Loss

18 Segments Tested

60 min test

30 min test


41


















PD Interpretation



Setup

46

VLF DUT

PD SENSORS

FILTER

Data


47




X


X


Variable Wide

Bandwidth


situation



Time

oltage



PD Pulse



No PD

PD

A

B

C


52



Setup

53

DUT

PD SENSORS Data


Online PD Equipment








along cable circuit



Time

U0

oltage






No PD

PD


Nigel Hampton

58



59


60

Safe


61

Effective


62

Useful


63

Valuable



VLF DC Tan Delta

PD On PD Off TDR

IRC DAC


Category


65

Lengths Tested


Perc

ent

100

75

50

25

00100000100001000100

100000100001000100

100

75

50

25

00

PD Tan D

VLF Withstand



Median 3500 ft


TDR




56

Splices371 Cable

562



Percentage

C1

16144

23137

1519241121

20106

173

229

121858

21

100806040200


Uti

lity


Accuracy

68









Accuracies

212019181716151413121110987654321

100

80

60

40

20

0212019181716151413121110987654321

No Action Accuracy

Dataset

Dia

gnos

tic

Acc

urac

y

Action Accuracy

212019181716151413121110987654321

100

80

60

40

20

0212019181716151413121110987654321

No Action Accuracy

Dataset

Dia

gnos

tic

Acc

urac

y

Action Accuracy

212019181716151413121110987654321

100

80

60

40

20

0212019181716151413121110987654321

No Action Accuracy

Dataset

Dia

gnos

tic

Acc

urac

y




Not ActAct

100

80

60

40

20

0

Test

s [

of

Tota

l]


All Accuracies


100

80

60

40

20

0

Dia

gnos

tic

Acc

urac

y

989

100

05

10

497

925



74



Numeric Survival

Pass Fail

Classification


Replace Defer



Unambiguous Opaque


75





bull System Data


Test Data

Feature Extraction

Experience Library

Knowledge Rules

76

Data

Information



77

GoodPoor

750

250 281

719

1000

1975 1979

1982





78


Testing Sites

79





80




at U0 [10-3]


U0 [10-3]

Mean VLF-TD

at U0 [10-3]

No Action

Required (Best 80 )


Further Study

005 to 05 Or

5 to 80 Or

4 to 50

Action Required


Knowledge Rule


81



82

10001001001

100000

10000

1000

100

010

00110001001001


TD Uo [E-3]

Tip

Up (

15U

o -

05U

o) [

E-3]


4 50

5

80



83

Evergreen Glenwood


Action Required133

Further Study267


1986 Vintage12 Ckts




84

302520151050

1000

100

10

1


Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]Voltage


Tip Up Mean Tan δ



85

302520151050

1000

100

10

1


Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]Voltage


Tip Up Mean Tan δ


Wet Circuits

86




87



and 10 mins (E-3)



Mean VLF-TD at





88

302520151050-5

10

1

Test Time [min]

Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]Voltage

Test

Stability15Uo=27E-3


Snopud Segment 6912



302520151050-5

10

1

Test Time [min]

Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

05101522

[Uo]Voltage

Test

Snopud Segment 6912

0 to 10 mins

89


Change in Tan Delta

between 0 and 10

mins (E-3)

VLF-TD Stability


at Maintenance

Level [10-3]

Mean VLF-TD at





0 to 30 mins

90

302520151050-5

10

1

Test Time [min]

Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

05101522

[Uo]Voltage

Test

Snopud 6912



91

302520151050

1000

100

10

1


Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]_2Voltage


Mean Tan δ


302520151050

1000

100

10

1


Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]Voltage

Test


92


Mean Tan δ




at U0 [10-3]


[10-3]

Mean VLF-TD

at U0 [10-3]

No Action


Further Study

005 to

05 Or

5 to 80 Or

4 to 50



93

05

50

0 1 2




Nigel Hampton

Bruce Olson

94


SUMMARY





95


Slide Number 2

Outline

Test Types

Field Tests

Commissioning




Slide Number 10

Diagnostics



TDR Equipment


Slide Number 16



Slide Number 19

VLF Waveforms


Setup

Slide Number 23



TD Assesment

Tan δ Equipment


Setup















Slide Number 44

Slide Number 45

Setup

Slide Number 47



PD Pulse



Setup

Online PD Equipment




Slide Number 58


Safe

Effective

Useful

Valuable


Lengths Tested



Accuracy



Accuracies


All Accuracies






Testing Sites







Wet Circuits



0 to 10 mins

0 to 30 mins




Slide Number 94

SUMMARY







Setup

29

VLF DUT Tan Delta

Data



T C S C T




Tan δ




δ

I

V

IC

IR

IR IC

= tangent of δ



Time

Voltage

Loss measurement


34


Time [min]

Tan-

delt

a [1

e-3]

543210

100

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

05101517

[pu]Voltage

Time [min]

Tan-

delt

a [1

e-3]

543210

100

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

05101517

[pu]Voltage

Time [min]

Tan-

delt

a [1

e-3]

543210

100

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

05101517

[pu]Voltage

Mean


Tip Up

Time [min]

Tan-

delt

a [1

e-3]

543210

100

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

05101517

[pu]Voltage

MeanTip Up

30 Cycles





HOLD Tan δ Ramp

Time

Voltage





OR


OR




38

Voltage [U0]

025 050 075 10 125 150 175 20 225 25

Frequency [Hz]

002

005

010


Ramp Withstand




18 Segments Tested

No Failures On Test







Pass - Stable Loss

60 min test

30 min test




Pass - Stable Loss

18 Segments Tested

60 min test

30 min test


41


















PD Interpretation



Setup

46

VLF DUT

PD SENSORS

FILTER

Data


47




X


X


Variable Wide

Bandwidth


situation



Time

oltage



PD Pulse



No PD

PD

A

B

C


52



Setup

53

DUT

PD SENSORS Data


Online PD Equipment








along cable circuit



Time

U0

oltage






No PD

PD


Nigel Hampton

58



59


60

Safe


61

Effective


62

Useful


63

Valuable



VLF DC Tan Delta

PD On PD Off TDR

IRC DAC


Category


65

Lengths Tested


Perc

ent

100

75

50

25

00100000100001000100

100000100001000100

100

75

50

25

00

PD Tan D

VLF Withstand



Median 3500 ft


TDR




56

Splices371 Cable

562



Percentage

C1

16144

23137

1519241121

20106

173

229

121858

21

100806040200


Uti

lity


Accuracy

68









Accuracies

212019181716151413121110987654321

100

80

60

40

20

0212019181716151413121110987654321

No Action Accuracy

Dataset

Dia

gnos

tic

Acc

urac

y

Action Accuracy

212019181716151413121110987654321

100

80

60

40

20

0212019181716151413121110987654321

No Action Accuracy

Dataset

Dia

gnos

tic

Acc

urac

y

Action Accuracy

212019181716151413121110987654321

100

80

60

40

20

0212019181716151413121110987654321

No Action Accuracy

Dataset

Dia

gnos

tic

Acc

urac

y




Not ActAct

100

80

60

40

20

0

Test

s [

of

Tota

l]


All Accuracies


100

80

60

40

20

0

Dia

gnos

tic

Acc

urac

y

989

100

05

10

497

925



74



Numeric Survival

Pass Fail

Classification


Replace Defer



Unambiguous Opaque


75





bull System Data


Test Data

Feature Extraction

Experience Library

Knowledge Rules

76

Data

Information



77

GoodPoor

750

250 281

719

1000

1975 1979

1982





78


Testing Sites

79





80




at U0 [10-3]


U0 [10-3]

Mean VLF-TD

at U0 [10-3]

No Action

Required (Best 80 )


Further Study

005 to 05 Or

5 to 80 Or

4 to 50

Action Required


Knowledge Rule


81



82

10001001001

100000

10000

1000

100

010

00110001001001


TD Uo [E-3]

Tip

Up (

15U

o -

05U

o) [

E-3]


4 50

5

80



83

Evergreen Glenwood


Action Required133

Further Study267


1986 Vintage12 Ckts




84

302520151050

1000

100

10

1


Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]Voltage


Tip Up Mean Tan δ



85

302520151050

1000

100

10

1


Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]Voltage


Tip Up Mean Tan δ


Wet Circuits

86




87



and 10 mins (E-3)



Mean VLF-TD at





88

302520151050-5

10

1

Test Time [min]

Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]Voltage

Test

Stability15Uo=27E-3


Snopud Segment 6912



302520151050-5

10

1

Test Time [min]

Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

05101522

[Uo]Voltage

Test

Snopud Segment 6912

0 to 10 mins

89


Change in Tan Delta

between 0 and 10

mins (E-3)

VLF-TD Stability


at Maintenance

Level [10-3]

Mean VLF-TD at





0 to 30 mins

90

302520151050-5

10

1

Test Time [min]

Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

05101522

[Uo]Voltage

Test

Snopud 6912



91

302520151050

1000

100

10

1


Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]_2Voltage


Mean Tan δ


302520151050

1000

100

10

1


Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]Voltage

Test


92


Mean Tan δ




at U0 [10-3]


[10-3]

Mean VLF-TD

at U0 [10-3]

No Action


Further Study

005 to

05 Or

5 to 80 Or

4 to 50



93

05

50

0 1 2




Nigel Hampton

Bruce Olson

94


SUMMARY





95


Slide Number 2

Outline

Test Types

Field Tests

Commissioning




Slide Number 10

Diagnostics



TDR Equipment


Slide Number 16



Slide Number 19

VLF Waveforms


Setup

Slide Number 23



TD Assesment

Tan δ Equipment


Setup















Slide Number 44

Slide Number 45

Setup

Slide Number 47



PD Pulse



Setup

Online PD Equipment




Slide Number 58


Safe

Effective

Useful

Valuable


Lengths Tested



Accuracy



Accuracies


All Accuracies






Testing Sites







Wet Circuits



0 to 10 mins

0 to 30 mins




Slide Number 94

SUMMARY



T C S C T




Tan δ




δ

I

V

IC

IR

IR IC

= tangent of δ



Time

Voltage

Loss measurement


34


Time [min]

Tan-

delt

a [1

e-3]

543210

100

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

05101517

[pu]Voltage

Time [min]

Tan-

delt

a [1

e-3]

543210

100

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

05101517

[pu]Voltage

Time [min]

Tan-

delt

a [1

e-3]

543210

100

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

05101517

[pu]Voltage

Mean


Tip Up

Time [min]

Tan-

delt

a [1

e-3]

543210

100

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

05101517

[pu]Voltage

MeanTip Up

30 Cycles





HOLD Tan δ Ramp

Time

Voltage





OR


OR




38

Voltage [U0]

025 050 075 10 125 150 175 20 225 25

Frequency [Hz]

002

005

010


Ramp Withstand




18 Segments Tested

No Failures On Test







Pass - Stable Loss

60 min test

30 min test




Pass - Stable Loss

18 Segments Tested

60 min test

30 min test


41


















PD Interpretation



Setup

46

VLF DUT

PD SENSORS

FILTER

Data


47




X


X


Variable Wide

Bandwidth


situation



Time

oltage



PD Pulse



No PD

PD

A

B

C


52



Setup

53

DUT

PD SENSORS Data


Online PD Equipment








along cable circuit



Time

U0

oltage






No PD

PD


Nigel Hampton

58



59


60

Safe


61

Effective


62

Useful


63

Valuable



VLF DC Tan Delta

PD On PD Off TDR

IRC DAC


Category


65

Lengths Tested


Perc

ent

100

75

50

25

00100000100001000100

100000100001000100

100

75

50

25

00

PD Tan D

VLF Withstand



Median 3500 ft


TDR




56

Splices371 Cable

562



Percentage

C1

16144

23137

1519241121

20106

173

229

121858

21

100806040200


Uti

lity


Accuracy

68









Accuracies

212019181716151413121110987654321

100

80

60

40

20

0212019181716151413121110987654321

No Action Accuracy

Dataset

Dia

gnos

tic

Acc

urac

y

Action Accuracy

212019181716151413121110987654321

100

80

60

40

20

0212019181716151413121110987654321

No Action Accuracy

Dataset

Dia

gnos

tic

Acc

urac

y

Action Accuracy

212019181716151413121110987654321

100

80

60

40

20

0212019181716151413121110987654321

No Action Accuracy

Dataset

Dia

gnos

tic

Acc

urac

y




Not ActAct

100

80

60

40

20

0

Test

s [

of

Tota

l]


All Accuracies


100

80

60

40

20

0

Dia

gnos

tic

Acc

urac

y

989

100

05

10

497

925



74



Numeric Survival

Pass Fail

Classification


Replace Defer



Unambiguous Opaque


75





bull System Data


Test Data

Feature Extraction

Experience Library

Knowledge Rules

76

Data

Information



77

GoodPoor

750

250 281

719

1000

1975 1979

1982





78


Testing Sites

79





80




at U0 [10-3]


U0 [10-3]

Mean VLF-TD

at U0 [10-3]

No Action

Required (Best 80 )


Further Study

005 to 05 Or

5 to 80 Or

4 to 50

Action Required


Knowledge Rule


81



82

10001001001

100000

10000

1000

100

010

00110001001001


TD Uo [E-3]

Tip

Up (

15U

o -

05U

o) [

E-3]


4 50

5

80



83

Evergreen Glenwood


Action Required133

Further Study267


1986 Vintage12 Ckts




84

302520151050

1000

100

10

1


Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]Voltage


Tip Up Mean Tan δ



85

302520151050

1000

100

10

1


Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]Voltage


Tip Up Mean Tan δ


Wet Circuits

86




87



and 10 mins (E-3)



Mean VLF-TD at





88

302520151050-5

10

1

Test Time [min]

Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]Voltage

Test

Stability15Uo=27E-3


Snopud Segment 6912



302520151050-5

10

1

Test Time [min]

Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

05101522

[Uo]Voltage

Test

Snopud Segment 6912

0 to 10 mins

89


Change in Tan Delta

between 0 and 10

mins (E-3)

VLF-TD Stability


at Maintenance

Level [10-3]

Mean VLF-TD at





0 to 30 mins

90

302520151050-5

10

1

Test Time [min]

Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

05101522

[Uo]Voltage

Test

Snopud 6912



91

302520151050

1000

100

10

1


Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]_2Voltage


Mean Tan δ


302520151050

1000

100

10

1


Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]Voltage

Test


92


Mean Tan δ




at U0 [10-3]


[10-3]

Mean VLF-TD

at U0 [10-3]

No Action


Further Study

005 to

05 Or

5 to 80 Or

4 to 50



93

05

50

0 1 2




Nigel Hampton

Bruce Olson

94


SUMMARY





95


Slide Number 2

Outline

Test Types

Field Tests

Commissioning




Slide Number 10

Diagnostics



TDR Equipment


Slide Number 16



Slide Number 19

VLF Waveforms


Setup

Slide Number 23



TD Assesment

Tan δ Equipment


Setup















Slide Number 44

Slide Number 45

Setup

Slide Number 47



PD Pulse



Setup

Online PD Equipment




Slide Number 58


Safe

Effective

Useful

Valuable


Lengths Tested



Accuracy



Accuracies


All Accuracies






Testing Sites







Wet Circuits



0 to 10 mins

0 to 30 mins




Slide Number 94

SUMMARY




Tan δ




δ

I

V

IC

IR

IR IC

= tangent of δ



Time

Voltage

Loss measurement


34


Time [min]

Tan-

delt

a [1

e-3]

543210

100

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

05101517

[pu]Voltage

Time [min]

Tan-

delt

a [1

e-3]

543210

100

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

05101517

[pu]Voltage

Time [min]

Tan-

delt

a [1

e-3]

543210

100

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

05101517

[pu]Voltage

Mean


Tip Up

Time [min]

Tan-

delt

a [1

e-3]

543210

100

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

05101517

[pu]Voltage

MeanTip Up

30 Cycles





HOLD Tan δ Ramp

Time

Voltage





OR


OR




38

Voltage [U0]

025 050 075 10 125 150 175 20 225 25

Frequency [Hz]

002

005

010


Ramp Withstand




18 Segments Tested

No Failures On Test







Pass - Stable Loss

60 min test

30 min test




Pass - Stable Loss

18 Segments Tested

60 min test

30 min test


41


















PD Interpretation



Setup

46

VLF DUT

PD SENSORS

FILTER

Data


47




X


X


Variable Wide

Bandwidth


situation



Time

oltage



PD Pulse



No PD

PD

A

B

C


52



Setup

53

DUT

PD SENSORS Data


Online PD Equipment








along cable circuit



Time

U0

oltage






No PD

PD


Nigel Hampton

58



59


60

Safe


61

Effective


62

Useful


63

Valuable



VLF DC Tan Delta

PD On PD Off TDR

IRC DAC


Category


65

Lengths Tested


Perc

ent

100

75

50

25

00100000100001000100

100000100001000100

100

75

50

25

00

PD Tan D

VLF Withstand



Median 3500 ft


TDR




56

Splices371 Cable

562



Percentage

C1

16144

23137

1519241121

20106

173

229

121858

21

100806040200


Uti

lity


Accuracy

68









Accuracies

212019181716151413121110987654321

100

80

60

40

20

0212019181716151413121110987654321

No Action Accuracy

Dataset

Dia

gnos

tic

Acc

urac

y

Action Accuracy

212019181716151413121110987654321

100

80

60

40

20

0212019181716151413121110987654321

No Action Accuracy

Dataset

Dia

gnos

tic

Acc

urac

y

Action Accuracy

212019181716151413121110987654321

100

80

60

40

20

0212019181716151413121110987654321

No Action Accuracy

Dataset

Dia

gnos

tic

Acc

urac

y




Not ActAct

100

80

60

40

20

0

Test

s [

of

Tota

l]


All Accuracies


100

80

60

40

20

0

Dia

gnos

tic

Acc

urac

y

989

100

05

10

497

925



74



Numeric Survival

Pass Fail

Classification


Replace Defer



Unambiguous Opaque


75





bull System Data


Test Data

Feature Extraction

Experience Library

Knowledge Rules

76

Data

Information



77

GoodPoor

750

250 281

719

1000

1975 1979

1982





78


Testing Sites

79





80




at U0 [10-3]


U0 [10-3]

Mean VLF-TD

at U0 [10-3]

No Action

Required (Best 80 )


Further Study

005 to 05 Or

5 to 80 Or

4 to 50

Action Required


Knowledge Rule


81



82

10001001001

100000

10000

1000

100

010

00110001001001


TD Uo [E-3]

Tip

Up (

15U

o -

05U

o) [

E-3]


4 50

5

80



83

Evergreen Glenwood


Action Required133

Further Study267


1986 Vintage12 Ckts




84

302520151050

1000

100

10

1


Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]Voltage


Tip Up Mean Tan δ



85

302520151050

1000

100

10

1


Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]Voltage


Tip Up Mean Tan δ


Wet Circuits

86




87



and 10 mins (E-3)



Mean VLF-TD at





88

302520151050-5

10

1

Test Time [min]

Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]Voltage

Test

Stability15Uo=27E-3


Snopud Segment 6912



302520151050-5

10

1

Test Time [min]

Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

05101522

[Uo]Voltage

Test

Snopud Segment 6912

0 to 10 mins

89


Change in Tan Delta

between 0 and 10

mins (E-3)

VLF-TD Stability


at Maintenance

Level [10-3]

Mean VLF-TD at





0 to 30 mins

90

302520151050-5

10

1

Test Time [min]

Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

05101522

[Uo]Voltage

Test

Snopud 6912



91

302520151050

1000

100

10

1


Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]_2Voltage


Mean Tan δ


302520151050

1000

100

10

1


Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]Voltage

Test


92


Mean Tan δ




at U0 [10-3]


[10-3]

Mean VLF-TD

at U0 [10-3]

No Action


Further Study

005 to

05 Or

5 to 80 Or

4 to 50



93

05

50

0 1 2




Nigel Hampton

Bruce Olson

94


SUMMARY





95


Slide Number 2

Outline

Test Types

Field Tests

Commissioning




Slide Number 10

Diagnostics



TDR Equipment


Slide Number 16



Slide Number 19

VLF Waveforms


Setup

Slide Number 23



TD Assesment

Tan δ Equipment


Setup















Slide Number 44

Slide Number 45

Setup

Slide Number 47



PD Pulse



Setup

Online PD Equipment




Slide Number 58


Safe

Effective

Useful

Valuable


Lengths Tested



Accuracy



Accuracies


All Accuracies






Testing Sites







Wet Circuits



0 to 10 mins

0 to 30 mins




Slide Number 94

SUMMARY




δ

I

V

IC

IR

IR IC

= tangent of δ



Time

Voltage

Loss measurement


34


Time [min]

Tan-

delt

a [1

e-3]

543210

100

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

05101517

[pu]Voltage

Time [min]

Tan-

delt

a [1

e-3]

543210

100

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

05101517

[pu]Voltage

Time [min]

Tan-

delt

a [1

e-3]

543210

100

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

05101517

[pu]Voltage

Mean


Tip Up

Time [min]

Tan-

delt

a [1

e-3]

543210

100

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

05101517

[pu]Voltage

MeanTip Up

30 Cycles





HOLD Tan δ Ramp

Time

Voltage





OR


OR




38

Voltage [U0]

025 050 075 10 125 150 175 20 225 25

Frequency [Hz]

002

005

010


Ramp Withstand




18 Segments Tested

No Failures On Test







Pass - Stable Loss

60 min test

30 min test




Pass - Stable Loss

18 Segments Tested

60 min test

30 min test


41


















PD Interpretation



Setup

46

VLF DUT

PD SENSORS

FILTER

Data


47




X


X


Variable Wide

Bandwidth


situation



Time

oltage



PD Pulse



No PD

PD

A

B

C


52



Setup

53

DUT

PD SENSORS Data


Online PD Equipment








along cable circuit



Time

U0

oltage






No PD

PD


Nigel Hampton

58



59


60

Safe


61

Effective


62

Useful


63

Valuable



VLF DC Tan Delta

PD On PD Off TDR

IRC DAC


Category


65

Lengths Tested


Perc

ent

100

75

50

25

00100000100001000100

100000100001000100

100

75

50

25

00

PD Tan D

VLF Withstand



Median 3500 ft


TDR




56

Splices371 Cable

562



Percentage

C1

16144

23137

1519241121

20106

173

229

121858

21

100806040200


Uti

lity


Accuracy

68









Accuracies

212019181716151413121110987654321

100

80

60

40

20

0212019181716151413121110987654321

No Action Accuracy

Dataset

Dia

gnos

tic

Acc

urac

y

Action Accuracy

212019181716151413121110987654321

100

80

60

40

20

0212019181716151413121110987654321

No Action Accuracy

Dataset

Dia

gnos

tic

Acc

urac

y

Action Accuracy

212019181716151413121110987654321

100

80

60

40

20

0212019181716151413121110987654321

No Action Accuracy

Dataset

Dia

gnos

tic

Acc

urac

y




Not ActAct

100

80

60

40

20

0

Test

s [

of

Tota

l]


All Accuracies


100

80

60

40

20

0

Dia

gnos

tic

Acc

urac

y

989

100

05

10

497

925



74



Numeric Survival

Pass Fail

Classification


Replace Defer



Unambiguous Opaque


75





bull System Data


Test Data

Feature Extraction

Experience Library

Knowledge Rules

76

Data

Information



77

GoodPoor

750

250 281

719

1000

1975 1979

1982





78


Testing Sites

79





80




at U0 [10-3]


U0 [10-3]

Mean VLF-TD

at U0 [10-3]

No Action

Required (Best 80 )


Further Study

005 to 05 Or

5 to 80 Or

4 to 50

Action Required


Knowledge Rule


81



82

10001001001

100000

10000

1000

100

010

00110001001001


TD Uo [E-3]

Tip

Up (

15U

o -

05U

o) [

E-3]


4 50

5

80



83

Evergreen Glenwood


Action Required133

Further Study267


1986 Vintage12 Ckts




84

302520151050

1000

100

10

1


Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]Voltage


Tip Up Mean Tan δ



85

302520151050

1000

100

10

1


Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]Voltage


Tip Up Mean Tan δ


Wet Circuits

86




87



and 10 mins (E-3)



Mean VLF-TD at





88

302520151050-5

10

1

Test Time [min]

Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]Voltage

Test

Stability15Uo=27E-3


Snopud Segment 6912



302520151050-5

10

1

Test Time [min]

Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

05101522

[Uo]Voltage

Test

Snopud Segment 6912

0 to 10 mins

89


Change in Tan Delta

between 0 and 10

mins (E-3)

VLF-TD Stability


at Maintenance

Level [10-3]

Mean VLF-TD at





0 to 30 mins

90

302520151050-5

10

1

Test Time [min]

Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

05101522

[Uo]Voltage

Test

Snopud 6912



91

302520151050

1000

100

10

1


Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]_2Voltage


Mean Tan δ


302520151050

1000

100

10

1


Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]Voltage

Test


92


Mean Tan δ




at U0 [10-3]


[10-3]

Mean VLF-TD

at U0 [10-3]

No Action


Further Study

005 to

05 Or

5 to 80 Or

4 to 50



93

05

50

0 1 2




Nigel Hampton

Bruce Olson

94


SUMMARY





95


Slide Number 2

Outline

Test Types

Field Tests

Commissioning




Slide Number 10

Diagnostics



TDR Equipment


Slide Number 16



Slide Number 19

VLF Waveforms


Setup

Slide Number 23



TD Assesment

Tan δ Equipment


Setup















Slide Number 44

Slide Number 45

Setup

Slide Number 47



PD Pulse



Setup

Online PD Equipment




Slide Number 58


Safe

Effective

Useful

Valuable


Lengths Tested



Accuracy



Accuracies


All Accuracies






Testing Sites







Wet Circuits



0 to 10 mins

0 to 30 mins




Slide Number 94

SUMMARY



Time

Voltage

Loss measurement


34


Time [min]

Tan-

delt

a [1

e-3]

543210

100

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

05101517

[pu]Voltage

Time [min]

Tan-

delt

a [1

e-3]

543210

100

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

05101517

[pu]Voltage

Time [min]

Tan-

delt

a [1

e-3]

543210

100

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

05101517

[pu]Voltage

Mean


Tip Up

Time [min]

Tan-

delt

a [1

e-3]

543210

100

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

05101517

[pu]Voltage

MeanTip Up

30 Cycles





HOLD Tan δ Ramp

Time

Voltage





OR


OR




38

Voltage [U0]

025 050 075 10 125 150 175 20 225 25

Frequency [Hz]

002

005

010


Ramp Withstand




18 Segments Tested

No Failures On Test







Pass - Stable Loss

60 min test

30 min test




Pass - Stable Loss

18 Segments Tested

60 min test

30 min test


41


















PD Interpretation



Setup

46

VLF DUT

PD SENSORS

FILTER

Data


47




X


X


Variable Wide

Bandwidth


situation



Time

oltage



PD Pulse



No PD

PD

A

B

C


52



Setup

53

DUT

PD SENSORS Data


Online PD Equipment








along cable circuit



Time

U0

oltage






No PD

PD


Nigel Hampton

58



59


60

Safe


61

Effective


62

Useful


63

Valuable



VLF DC Tan Delta

PD On PD Off TDR

IRC DAC


Category


65

Lengths Tested


Perc

ent

100

75

50

25

00100000100001000100

100000100001000100

100

75

50

25

00

PD Tan D

VLF Withstand



Median 3500 ft


TDR




56

Splices371 Cable

562



Percentage

C1

16144

23137

1519241121

20106

173

229

121858

21

100806040200


Uti

lity


Accuracy

68









Accuracies

212019181716151413121110987654321

100

80

60

40

20

0212019181716151413121110987654321

No Action Accuracy

Dataset

Dia

gnos

tic

Acc

urac

y

Action Accuracy

212019181716151413121110987654321

100

80

60

40

20

0212019181716151413121110987654321

No Action Accuracy

Dataset

Dia

gnos

tic

Acc

urac

y

Action Accuracy

212019181716151413121110987654321

100

80

60

40

20

0212019181716151413121110987654321

No Action Accuracy

Dataset

Dia

gnos

tic

Acc

urac

y




Not ActAct

100

80

60

40

20

0

Test

s [

of

Tota

l]


All Accuracies


100

80

60

40

20

0

Dia

gnos

tic

Acc

urac

y

989

100

05

10

497

925



74



Numeric Survival

Pass Fail

Classification


Replace Defer



Unambiguous Opaque


75





bull System Data


Test Data

Feature Extraction

Experience Library

Knowledge Rules

76

Data

Information



77

GoodPoor

750

250 281

719

1000

1975 1979

1982





78


Testing Sites

79





80




at U0 [10-3]


U0 [10-3]

Mean VLF-TD

at U0 [10-3]

No Action

Required (Best 80 )


Further Study

005 to 05 Or

5 to 80 Or

4 to 50

Action Required


Knowledge Rule


81



82

10001001001

100000

10000

1000

100

010

00110001001001


TD Uo [E-3]

Tip

Up (

15U

o -

05U

o) [

E-3]


4 50

5

80



83

Evergreen Glenwood


Action Required133

Further Study267


1986 Vintage12 Ckts




84

302520151050

1000

100

10

1


Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]Voltage


Tip Up Mean Tan δ



85

302520151050

1000

100

10

1


Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]Voltage


Tip Up Mean Tan δ


Wet Circuits

86




87



and 10 mins (E-3)



Mean VLF-TD at





88

302520151050-5

10

1

Test Time [min]

Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]Voltage

Test

Stability15Uo=27E-3


Snopud Segment 6912



302520151050-5

10

1

Test Time [min]

Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

05101522

[Uo]Voltage

Test

Snopud Segment 6912

0 to 10 mins

89


Change in Tan Delta

between 0 and 10

mins (E-3)

VLF-TD Stability


at Maintenance

Level [10-3]

Mean VLF-TD at





0 to 30 mins

90

302520151050-5

10

1

Test Time [min]

Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

05101522

[Uo]Voltage

Test

Snopud 6912



91

302520151050

1000

100

10

1


Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]_2Voltage


Mean Tan δ


302520151050

1000

100

10

1


Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]Voltage

Test


92


Mean Tan δ




at U0 [10-3]


[10-3]

Mean VLF-TD

at U0 [10-3]

No Action


Further Study

005 to

05 Or

5 to 80 Or

4 to 50



93

05

50

0 1 2




Nigel Hampton

Bruce Olson

94


SUMMARY





95


Slide Number 2

Outline

Test Types

Field Tests

Commissioning




Slide Number 10

Diagnostics



TDR Equipment


Slide Number 16



Slide Number 19

VLF Waveforms


Setup

Slide Number 23



TD Assesment

Tan δ Equipment


Setup















Slide Number 44

Slide Number 45

Setup

Slide Number 47



PD Pulse



Setup

Online PD Equipment




Slide Number 58


Safe

Effective

Useful

Valuable


Lengths Tested



Accuracy



Accuracies


All Accuracies






Testing Sites







Wet Circuits



0 to 10 mins

0 to 30 mins




Slide Number 94

SUMMARY


34


Time [min]

Tan-

delt

a [1

e-3]

543210

100

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

05101517

[pu]Voltage

Time [min]

Tan-

delt

a [1

e-3]

543210

100

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

05101517

[pu]Voltage

Time [min]

Tan-

delt

a [1

e-3]

543210

100

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

05101517

[pu]Voltage

Mean


Tip Up

Time [min]

Tan-

delt

a [1

e-3]

543210

100

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

05101517

[pu]Voltage

MeanTip Up

30 Cycles





HOLD Tan δ Ramp

Time

Voltage





OR


OR




38

Voltage [U0]

025 050 075 10 125 150 175 20 225 25

Frequency [Hz]

002

005

010


Ramp Withstand




18 Segments Tested

No Failures On Test







Pass - Stable Loss

60 min test

30 min test




Pass - Stable Loss

18 Segments Tested

60 min test

30 min test


41


















PD Interpretation



Setup

46

VLF DUT

PD SENSORS

FILTER

Data


47




X


X


Variable Wide

Bandwidth


situation



Time

oltage



PD Pulse



No PD

PD

A

B

C


52



Setup

53

DUT

PD SENSORS Data


Online PD Equipment








along cable circuit



Time

U0

oltage






No PD

PD


Nigel Hampton

58



59


60

Safe


61

Effective


62

Useful


63

Valuable



VLF DC Tan Delta

PD On PD Off TDR

IRC DAC


Category


65

Lengths Tested


Perc

ent

100

75

50

25

00100000100001000100

100000100001000100

100

75

50

25

00

PD Tan D

VLF Withstand



Median 3500 ft


TDR




56

Splices371 Cable

562



Percentage

C1

16144

23137

1519241121

20106

173

229

121858

21

100806040200


Uti

lity


Accuracy

68









Accuracies

212019181716151413121110987654321

100

80

60

40

20

0212019181716151413121110987654321

No Action Accuracy

Dataset

Dia

gnos

tic

Acc

urac

y

Action Accuracy

212019181716151413121110987654321

100

80

60

40

20

0212019181716151413121110987654321

No Action Accuracy

Dataset

Dia

gnos

tic

Acc

urac

y

Action Accuracy

212019181716151413121110987654321

100

80

60

40

20

0212019181716151413121110987654321

No Action Accuracy

Dataset

Dia

gnos

tic

Acc

urac

y




Not ActAct

100

80

60

40

20

0

Test

s [

of

Tota

l]


All Accuracies


100

80

60

40

20

0

Dia

gnos

tic

Acc

urac

y

989

100

05

10

497

925



74



Numeric Survival

Pass Fail

Classification


Replace Defer



Unambiguous Opaque


75





bull System Data


Test Data

Feature Extraction

Experience Library

Knowledge Rules

76

Data

Information



77

GoodPoor

750

250 281

719

1000

1975 1979

1982





78


Testing Sites

79





80




at U0 [10-3]


U0 [10-3]

Mean VLF-TD

at U0 [10-3]

No Action

Required (Best 80 )


Further Study

005 to 05 Or

5 to 80 Or

4 to 50

Action Required


Knowledge Rule


81



82

10001001001

100000

10000

1000

100

010

00110001001001


TD Uo [E-3]

Tip

Up (

15U

o -

05U

o) [

E-3]


4 50

5

80



83

Evergreen Glenwood


Action Required133

Further Study267


1986 Vintage12 Ckts




84

302520151050

1000

100

10

1


Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]Voltage


Tip Up Mean Tan δ



85

302520151050

1000

100

10

1


Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]Voltage


Tip Up Mean Tan δ


Wet Circuits

86




87



and 10 mins (E-3)



Mean VLF-TD at





88

302520151050-5

10

1

Test Time [min]

Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]Voltage

Test

Stability15Uo=27E-3


Snopud Segment 6912



302520151050-5

10

1

Test Time [min]

Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

05101522

[Uo]Voltage

Test

Snopud Segment 6912

0 to 10 mins

89


Change in Tan Delta

between 0 and 10

mins (E-3)

VLF-TD Stability


at Maintenance

Level [10-3]

Mean VLF-TD at





0 to 30 mins

90

302520151050-5

10

1

Test Time [min]

Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

05101522

[Uo]Voltage

Test

Snopud 6912



91

302520151050

1000

100

10

1


Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]_2Voltage


Mean Tan δ


302520151050

1000

100

10

1


Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]Voltage

Test


92


Mean Tan δ




at U0 [10-3]


[10-3]

Mean VLF-TD

at U0 [10-3]

No Action


Further Study

005 to

05 Or

5 to 80 Or

4 to 50



93

05

50

0 1 2




Nigel Hampton

Bruce Olson

94


SUMMARY





95


Slide Number 2

Outline

Test Types

Field Tests

Commissioning




Slide Number 10

Diagnostics



TDR Equipment


Slide Number 16



Slide Number 19

VLF Waveforms


Setup

Slide Number 23



TD Assesment

Tan δ Equipment


Setup















Slide Number 44

Slide Number 45

Setup

Slide Number 47



PD Pulse



Setup

Online PD Equipment




Slide Number 58


Safe

Effective

Useful

Valuable


Lengths Tested



Accuracy



Accuracies


All Accuracies






Testing Sites







Wet Circuits



0 to 10 mins

0 to 30 mins




Slide Number 94

SUMMARY





HOLD Tan δ Ramp

Time

Voltage





OR


OR




38

Voltage [U0]

025 050 075 10 125 150 175 20 225 25

Frequency [Hz]

002

005

010


Ramp Withstand




18 Segments Tested

No Failures On Test







Pass - Stable Loss

60 min test

30 min test




Pass - Stable Loss

18 Segments Tested

60 min test

30 min test


41


















PD Interpretation



Setup

46

VLF DUT

PD SENSORS

FILTER

Data


47




X


X


Variable Wide

Bandwidth


situation



Time

oltage



PD Pulse



No PD

PD

A

B

C


52



Setup

53

DUT

PD SENSORS Data


Online PD Equipment








along cable circuit



Time

U0

oltage






No PD

PD


Nigel Hampton

58



59


60

Safe


61

Effective


62

Useful


63

Valuable



VLF DC Tan Delta

PD On PD Off TDR

IRC DAC


Category


65

Lengths Tested


Perc

ent

100

75

50

25

00100000100001000100

100000100001000100

100

75

50

25

00

PD Tan D

VLF Withstand



Median 3500 ft


TDR




56

Splices371 Cable

562



Percentage

C1

16144

23137

1519241121

20106

173

229

121858

21

100806040200


Uti

lity


Accuracy

68









Accuracies

212019181716151413121110987654321

100

80

60

40

20

0212019181716151413121110987654321

No Action Accuracy

Dataset

Dia

gnos

tic

Acc

urac

y

Action Accuracy

212019181716151413121110987654321

100

80

60

40

20

0212019181716151413121110987654321

No Action Accuracy

Dataset

Dia

gnos

tic

Acc

urac

y

Action Accuracy

212019181716151413121110987654321

100

80

60

40

20

0212019181716151413121110987654321

No Action Accuracy

Dataset

Dia

gnos

tic

Acc

urac

y




Not ActAct

100

80

60

40

20

0

Test

s [

of

Tota

l]


All Accuracies


100

80

60

40

20

0

Dia

gnos

tic

Acc

urac

y

989

100

05

10

497

925



74



Numeric Survival

Pass Fail

Classification


Replace Defer



Unambiguous Opaque


75





bull System Data


Test Data

Feature Extraction

Experience Library

Knowledge Rules

76

Data

Information



77

GoodPoor

750

250 281

719

1000

1975 1979

1982





78


Testing Sites

79





80




at U0 [10-3]


U0 [10-3]

Mean VLF-TD

at U0 [10-3]

No Action

Required (Best 80 )


Further Study

005 to 05 Or

5 to 80 Or

4 to 50

Action Required


Knowledge Rule


81



82

10001001001

100000

10000

1000

100

010

00110001001001


TD Uo [E-3]

Tip

Up (

15U

o -

05U

o) [

E-3]


4 50

5

80



83

Evergreen Glenwood


Action Required133

Further Study267


1986 Vintage12 Ckts




84

302520151050

1000

100

10

1


Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]Voltage


Tip Up Mean Tan δ



85

302520151050

1000

100

10

1


Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]Voltage


Tip Up Mean Tan δ


Wet Circuits

86




87



and 10 mins (E-3)



Mean VLF-TD at





88

302520151050-5

10

1

Test Time [min]

Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]Voltage

Test

Stability15Uo=27E-3


Snopud Segment 6912



302520151050-5

10

1

Test Time [min]

Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

05101522

[Uo]Voltage

Test

Snopud Segment 6912

0 to 10 mins

89


Change in Tan Delta

between 0 and 10

mins (E-3)

VLF-TD Stability


at Maintenance

Level [10-3]

Mean VLF-TD at





0 to 30 mins

90

302520151050-5

10

1

Test Time [min]

Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

05101522

[Uo]Voltage

Test

Snopud 6912



91

302520151050

1000

100

10

1


Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]_2Voltage


Mean Tan δ


302520151050

1000

100

10

1


Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]Voltage

Test


92


Mean Tan δ




at U0 [10-3]


[10-3]

Mean VLF-TD

at U0 [10-3]

No Action


Further Study

005 to

05 Or

5 to 80 Or

4 to 50



93

05

50

0 1 2




Nigel Hampton

Bruce Olson

94


SUMMARY





95


Slide Number 2

Outline

Test Types

Field Tests

Commissioning




Slide Number 10

Diagnostics



TDR Equipment


Slide Number 16



Slide Number 19

VLF Waveforms


Setup

Slide Number 23



TD Assesment

Tan δ Equipment


Setup















Slide Number 44

Slide Number 45

Setup

Slide Number 47



PD Pulse



Setup

Online PD Equipment




Slide Number 58


Safe

Effective

Useful

Valuable


Lengths Tested



Accuracy



Accuracies


All Accuracies






Testing Sites







Wet Circuits



0 to 10 mins

0 to 30 mins




Slide Number 94

SUMMARY




OR


OR




38

Voltage [U0]

025 050 075 10 125 150 175 20 225 25

Frequency [Hz]

002

005

010


Ramp Withstand




18 Segments Tested

No Failures On Test







Pass - Stable Loss

60 min test

30 min test




Pass - Stable Loss

18 Segments Tested

60 min test

30 min test


41


















PD Interpretation



Setup

46

VLF DUT

PD SENSORS

FILTER

Data


47




X


X


Variable Wide

Bandwidth


situation



Time

oltage



PD Pulse



No PD

PD

A

B

C


52



Setup

53

DUT

PD SENSORS Data


Online PD Equipment








along cable circuit



Time

U0

oltage






No PD

PD


Nigel Hampton

58



59


60

Safe


61

Effective


62

Useful


63

Valuable



VLF DC Tan Delta

PD On PD Off TDR

IRC DAC


Category


65

Lengths Tested


Perc

ent

100

75

50

25

00100000100001000100

100000100001000100

100

75

50

25

00

PD Tan D

VLF Withstand



Median 3500 ft


TDR




56

Splices371 Cable

562



Percentage

C1

16144

23137

1519241121

20106

173

229

121858

21

100806040200


Uti

lity


Accuracy

68









Accuracies

212019181716151413121110987654321

100

80

60

40

20

0212019181716151413121110987654321

No Action Accuracy

Dataset

Dia

gnos

tic

Acc

urac

y

Action Accuracy

212019181716151413121110987654321

100

80

60

40

20

0212019181716151413121110987654321

No Action Accuracy

Dataset

Dia

gnos

tic

Acc

urac

y

Action Accuracy

212019181716151413121110987654321

100

80

60

40

20

0212019181716151413121110987654321

No Action Accuracy

Dataset

Dia

gnos

tic

Acc

urac

y




Not ActAct

100

80

60

40

20

0

Test

s [

of

Tota

l]


All Accuracies


100

80

60

40

20

0

Dia

gnos

tic

Acc

urac

y

989

100

05

10

497

925



74



Numeric Survival

Pass Fail

Classification


Replace Defer



Unambiguous Opaque


75





bull System Data


Test Data

Feature Extraction

Experience Library

Knowledge Rules

76

Data

Information



77

GoodPoor

750

250 281

719

1000

1975 1979

1982





78


Testing Sites

79





80




at U0 [10-3]


U0 [10-3]

Mean VLF-TD

at U0 [10-3]

No Action

Required (Best 80 )


Further Study

005 to 05 Or

5 to 80 Or

4 to 50

Action Required


Knowledge Rule


81



82

10001001001

100000

10000

1000

100

010

00110001001001


TD Uo [E-3]

Tip

Up (

15U

o -

05U

o) [

E-3]


4 50

5

80



83

Evergreen Glenwood


Action Required133

Further Study267


1986 Vintage12 Ckts




84

302520151050

1000

100

10

1


Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]Voltage


Tip Up Mean Tan δ



85

302520151050

1000

100

10

1


Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]Voltage


Tip Up Mean Tan δ


Wet Circuits

86




87



and 10 mins (E-3)



Mean VLF-TD at





88

302520151050-5

10

1

Test Time [min]

Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]Voltage

Test

Stability15Uo=27E-3


Snopud Segment 6912



302520151050-5

10

1

Test Time [min]

Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

05101522

[Uo]Voltage

Test

Snopud Segment 6912

0 to 10 mins

89


Change in Tan Delta

between 0 and 10

mins (E-3)

VLF-TD Stability


at Maintenance

Level [10-3]

Mean VLF-TD at





0 to 30 mins

90

302520151050-5

10

1

Test Time [min]

Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

05101522

[Uo]Voltage

Test

Snopud 6912



91

302520151050

1000

100

10

1


Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]_2Voltage


Mean Tan δ


302520151050

1000

100

10

1


Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]Voltage

Test


92


Mean Tan δ




at U0 [10-3]


[10-3]

Mean VLF-TD

at U0 [10-3]

No Action


Further Study

005 to

05 Or

5 to 80 Or

4 to 50



93

05

50

0 1 2




Nigel Hampton

Bruce Olson

94


SUMMARY





95


Slide Number 2

Outline

Test Types

Field Tests

Commissioning




Slide Number 10

Diagnostics



TDR Equipment


Slide Number 16



Slide Number 19

VLF Waveforms


Setup

Slide Number 23



TD Assesment

Tan δ Equipment


Setup















Slide Number 44

Slide Number 45

Setup

Slide Number 47



PD Pulse



Setup

Online PD Equipment




Slide Number 58


Safe

Effective

Useful

Valuable


Lengths Tested



Accuracy



Accuracies


All Accuracies






Testing Sites







Wet Circuits



0 to 10 mins

0 to 30 mins




Slide Number 94

SUMMARY



38

Voltage [U0]

025 050 075 10 125 150 175 20 225 25

Frequency [Hz]

002

005

010


Ramp Withstand




18 Segments Tested

No Failures On Test







Pass - Stable Loss

60 min test

30 min test




Pass - Stable Loss

18 Segments Tested

60 min test

30 min test


41


















PD Interpretation



Setup

46

VLF DUT

PD SENSORS

FILTER

Data


47




X


X


Variable Wide

Bandwidth


situation



Time

oltage



PD Pulse



No PD

PD

A

B

C


52



Setup

53

DUT

PD SENSORS Data


Online PD Equipment








along cable circuit



Time

U0

oltage






No PD

PD


Nigel Hampton

58



59


60

Safe


61

Effective


62

Useful


63

Valuable



VLF DC Tan Delta

PD On PD Off TDR

IRC DAC


Category


65

Lengths Tested


Perc

ent

100

75

50

25

00100000100001000100

100000100001000100

100

75

50

25

00

PD Tan D

VLF Withstand



Median 3500 ft


TDR




56

Splices371 Cable

562



Percentage

C1

16144

23137

1519241121

20106

173

229

121858

21

100806040200


Uti

lity


Accuracy

68









Accuracies

212019181716151413121110987654321

100

80

60

40

20

0212019181716151413121110987654321

No Action Accuracy

Dataset

Dia

gnos

tic

Acc

urac

y

Action Accuracy

212019181716151413121110987654321

100

80

60

40

20

0212019181716151413121110987654321

No Action Accuracy

Dataset

Dia

gnos

tic

Acc

urac

y

Action Accuracy

212019181716151413121110987654321

100

80

60

40

20

0212019181716151413121110987654321

No Action Accuracy

Dataset

Dia

gnos

tic

Acc

urac

y




Not ActAct

100

80

60

40

20

0

Test

s [

of

Tota

l]


All Accuracies


100

80

60

40

20

0

Dia

gnos

tic

Acc

urac

y

989

100

05

10

497

925



74



Numeric Survival

Pass Fail

Classification


Replace Defer



Unambiguous Opaque


75





bull System Data


Test Data

Feature Extraction

Experience Library

Knowledge Rules

76

Data

Information



77

GoodPoor

750

250 281

719

1000

1975 1979

1982





78


Testing Sites

79





80




at U0 [10-3]


U0 [10-3]

Mean VLF-TD

at U0 [10-3]

No Action

Required (Best 80 )


Further Study

005 to 05 Or

5 to 80 Or

4 to 50

Action Required


Knowledge Rule


81



82

10001001001

100000

10000

1000

100

010

00110001001001


TD Uo [E-3]

Tip

Up (

15U

o -

05U

o) [

E-3]


4 50

5

80



83

Evergreen Glenwood


Action Required133

Further Study267


1986 Vintage12 Ckts




84

302520151050

1000

100

10

1


Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]Voltage


Tip Up Mean Tan δ



85

302520151050

1000

100

10

1


Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]Voltage


Tip Up Mean Tan δ


Wet Circuits

86




87



and 10 mins (E-3)



Mean VLF-TD at





88

302520151050-5

10

1

Test Time [min]

Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]Voltage

Test

Stability15Uo=27E-3


Snopud Segment 6912



302520151050-5

10

1

Test Time [min]

Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

05101522

[Uo]Voltage

Test

Snopud Segment 6912

0 to 10 mins

89


Change in Tan Delta

between 0 and 10

mins (E-3)

VLF-TD Stability


at Maintenance

Level [10-3]

Mean VLF-TD at





0 to 30 mins

90

302520151050-5

10

1

Test Time [min]

Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

05101522

[Uo]Voltage

Test

Snopud 6912



91

302520151050

1000

100

10

1


Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]_2Voltage


Mean Tan δ


302520151050

1000

100

10

1


Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]Voltage

Test


92


Mean Tan δ




at U0 [10-3]


[10-3]

Mean VLF-TD

at U0 [10-3]

No Action


Further Study

005 to

05 Or

5 to 80 Or

4 to 50



93

05

50

0 1 2




Nigel Hampton

Bruce Olson

94


SUMMARY





95


Slide Number 2

Outline

Test Types

Field Tests

Commissioning




Slide Number 10

Diagnostics



TDR Equipment


Slide Number 16



Slide Number 19

VLF Waveforms


Setup

Slide Number 23



TD Assesment

Tan δ Equipment


Setup















Slide Number 44

Slide Number 45

Setup

Slide Number 47



PD Pulse



Setup

Online PD Equipment




Slide Number 58


Safe

Effective

Useful

Valuable


Lengths Tested



Accuracy



Accuracies


All Accuracies






Testing Sites







Wet Circuits



0 to 10 mins

0 to 30 mins




Slide Number 94

SUMMARY




18 Segments Tested

No Failures On Test







Pass - Stable Loss

60 min test

30 min test




Pass - Stable Loss

18 Segments Tested

60 min test

30 min test


41


















PD Interpretation



Setup

46

VLF DUT

PD SENSORS

FILTER

Data


47




X


X


Variable Wide

Bandwidth


situation



Time

oltage



PD Pulse



No PD

PD

A

B

C


52



Setup

53

DUT

PD SENSORS Data


Online PD Equipment








along cable circuit



Time

U0

oltage






No PD

PD


Nigel Hampton

58



59


60

Safe


61

Effective


62

Useful


63

Valuable



VLF DC Tan Delta

PD On PD Off TDR

IRC DAC


Category


65

Lengths Tested


Perc

ent

100

75

50

25

00100000100001000100

100000100001000100

100

75

50

25

00

PD Tan D

VLF Withstand



Median 3500 ft


TDR




56

Splices371 Cable

562



Percentage

C1

16144

23137

1519241121

20106

173

229

121858

21

100806040200


Uti

lity


Accuracy

68









Accuracies

212019181716151413121110987654321

100

80

60

40

20

0212019181716151413121110987654321

No Action Accuracy

Dataset

Dia

gnos

tic

Acc

urac

y

Action Accuracy

212019181716151413121110987654321

100

80

60

40

20

0212019181716151413121110987654321

No Action Accuracy

Dataset

Dia

gnos

tic

Acc

urac

y

Action Accuracy

212019181716151413121110987654321

100

80

60

40

20

0212019181716151413121110987654321

No Action Accuracy

Dataset

Dia

gnos

tic

Acc

urac

y




Not ActAct

100

80

60

40

20

0

Test

s [

of

Tota

l]


All Accuracies


100

80

60

40

20

0

Dia

gnos

tic

Acc

urac

y

989

100

05

10

497

925



74



Numeric Survival

Pass Fail

Classification


Replace Defer



Unambiguous Opaque


75





bull System Data


Test Data

Feature Extraction

Experience Library

Knowledge Rules

76

Data

Information



77

GoodPoor

750

250 281

719

1000

1975 1979

1982





78


Testing Sites

79





80




at U0 [10-3]


U0 [10-3]

Mean VLF-TD

at U0 [10-3]

No Action

Required (Best 80 )


Further Study

005 to 05 Or

5 to 80 Or

4 to 50

Action Required


Knowledge Rule


81



82

10001001001

100000

10000

1000

100

010

00110001001001


TD Uo [E-3]

Tip

Up (

15U

o -

05U

o) [

E-3]


4 50

5

80



83

Evergreen Glenwood


Action Required133

Further Study267


1986 Vintage12 Ckts




84

302520151050

1000

100

10

1


Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]Voltage


Tip Up Mean Tan δ



85

302520151050

1000

100

10

1


Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]Voltage


Tip Up Mean Tan δ


Wet Circuits

86




87



and 10 mins (E-3)



Mean VLF-TD at





88

302520151050-5

10

1

Test Time [min]

Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]Voltage

Test

Stability15Uo=27E-3


Snopud Segment 6912



302520151050-5

10

1

Test Time [min]

Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

05101522

[Uo]Voltage

Test

Snopud Segment 6912

0 to 10 mins

89


Change in Tan Delta

between 0 and 10

mins (E-3)

VLF-TD Stability


at Maintenance

Level [10-3]

Mean VLF-TD at





0 to 30 mins

90

302520151050-5

10

1

Test Time [min]

Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

05101522

[Uo]Voltage

Test

Snopud 6912



91

302520151050

1000

100

10

1


Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]_2Voltage


Mean Tan δ


302520151050

1000

100

10

1


Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]Voltage

Test


92


Mean Tan δ




at U0 [10-3]


[10-3]

Mean VLF-TD

at U0 [10-3]

No Action


Further Study

005 to

05 Or

5 to 80 Or

4 to 50



93

05

50

0 1 2




Nigel Hampton

Bruce Olson

94


SUMMARY





95


Slide Number 2

Outline

Test Types

Field Tests

Commissioning




Slide Number 10

Diagnostics



TDR Equipment


Slide Number 16



Slide Number 19

VLF Waveforms


Setup

Slide Number 23



TD Assesment

Tan δ Equipment


Setup















Slide Number 44

Slide Number 45

Setup

Slide Number 47



PD Pulse



Setup

Online PD Equipment




Slide Number 58


Safe

Effective

Useful

Valuable


Lengths Tested



Accuracy



Accuracies


All Accuracies






Testing Sites







Wet Circuits



0 to 10 mins

0 to 30 mins




Slide Number 94

SUMMARY







Pass - Stable Loss

60 min test

30 min test




Pass - Stable Loss

18 Segments Tested

60 min test

30 min test


41


















PD Interpretation



Setup

46

VLF DUT

PD SENSORS

FILTER

Data


47




X


X


Variable Wide

Bandwidth


situation



Time

oltage



PD Pulse



No PD

PD

A

B

C


52



Setup

53

DUT

PD SENSORS Data


Online PD Equipment








along cable circuit



Time

U0

oltage






No PD

PD


Nigel Hampton

58



59


60

Safe


61

Effective


62

Useful


63

Valuable



VLF DC Tan Delta

PD On PD Off TDR

IRC DAC


Category


65

Lengths Tested


Perc

ent

100

75

50

25

00100000100001000100

100000100001000100

100

75

50

25

00

PD Tan D

VLF Withstand



Median 3500 ft


TDR




56

Splices371 Cable

562



Percentage

C1

16144

23137

1519241121

20106

173

229

121858

21

100806040200


Uti

lity


Accuracy

68









Accuracies

212019181716151413121110987654321

100

80

60

40

20

0212019181716151413121110987654321

No Action Accuracy

Dataset

Dia

gnos

tic

Acc

urac

y

Action Accuracy

212019181716151413121110987654321

100

80

60

40

20

0212019181716151413121110987654321

No Action Accuracy

Dataset

Dia

gnos

tic

Acc

urac

y

Action Accuracy

212019181716151413121110987654321

100

80

60

40

20

0212019181716151413121110987654321

No Action Accuracy

Dataset

Dia

gnos

tic

Acc

urac

y




Not ActAct

100

80

60

40

20

0

Test

s [

of

Tota

l]


All Accuracies


100

80

60

40

20

0

Dia

gnos

tic

Acc

urac

y

989

100

05

10

497

925



74



Numeric Survival

Pass Fail

Classification


Replace Defer



Unambiguous Opaque


75





bull System Data


Test Data

Feature Extraction

Experience Library

Knowledge Rules

76

Data

Information



77

GoodPoor

750

250 281

719

1000

1975 1979

1982





78


Testing Sites

79





80




at U0 [10-3]


U0 [10-3]

Mean VLF-TD

at U0 [10-3]

No Action

Required (Best 80 )


Further Study

005 to 05 Or

5 to 80 Or

4 to 50

Action Required


Knowledge Rule


81



82

10001001001

100000

10000

1000

100

010

00110001001001


TD Uo [E-3]

Tip

Up (

15U

o -

05U

o) [

E-3]


4 50

5

80



83

Evergreen Glenwood


Action Required133

Further Study267


1986 Vintage12 Ckts




84

302520151050

1000

100

10

1


Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]Voltage


Tip Up Mean Tan δ



85

302520151050

1000

100

10

1


Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]Voltage


Tip Up Mean Tan δ


Wet Circuits

86




87



and 10 mins (E-3)



Mean VLF-TD at





88

302520151050-5

10

1

Test Time [min]

Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]Voltage

Test

Stability15Uo=27E-3


Snopud Segment 6912



302520151050-5

10

1

Test Time [min]

Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

05101522

[Uo]Voltage

Test

Snopud Segment 6912

0 to 10 mins

89


Change in Tan Delta

between 0 and 10

mins (E-3)

VLF-TD Stability


at Maintenance

Level [10-3]

Mean VLF-TD at





0 to 30 mins

90

302520151050-5

10

1

Test Time [min]

Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

05101522

[Uo]Voltage

Test

Snopud 6912



91

302520151050

1000

100

10

1


Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]_2Voltage


Mean Tan δ


302520151050

1000

100

10

1


Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]Voltage

Test


92


Mean Tan δ




at U0 [10-3]


[10-3]

Mean VLF-TD

at U0 [10-3]

No Action


Further Study

005 to

05 Or

5 to 80 Or

4 to 50



93

05

50

0 1 2




Nigel Hampton

Bruce Olson

94


SUMMARY





95


Slide Number 2

Outline

Test Types

Field Tests

Commissioning




Slide Number 10

Diagnostics



TDR Equipment


Slide Number 16



Slide Number 19

VLF Waveforms


Setup

Slide Number 23



TD Assesment

Tan δ Equipment


Setup















Slide Number 44

Slide Number 45

Setup

Slide Number 47



PD Pulse



Setup

Online PD Equipment




Slide Number 58


Safe

Effective

Useful

Valuable


Lengths Tested



Accuracy



Accuracies


All Accuracies






Testing Sites







Wet Circuits



0 to 10 mins

0 to 30 mins




Slide Number 94

SUMMARY


41


















PD Interpretation



Setup

46

VLF DUT

PD SENSORS

FILTER

Data


47




X


X


Variable Wide

Bandwidth


situation



Time

oltage



PD Pulse



No PD

PD

A

B

C


52



Setup

53

DUT

PD SENSORS Data


Online PD Equipment








along cable circuit



Time

U0

oltage






No PD

PD


Nigel Hampton

58



59


60

Safe


61

Effective


62

Useful


63

Valuable



VLF DC Tan Delta

PD On PD Off TDR

IRC DAC


Category


65

Lengths Tested


Perc

ent

100

75

50

25

00100000100001000100

100000100001000100

100

75

50

25

00

PD Tan D

VLF Withstand



Median 3500 ft


TDR




56

Splices371 Cable

562



Percentage

C1

16144

23137

1519241121

20106

173

229

121858

21

100806040200


Uti

lity


Accuracy

68









Accuracies

212019181716151413121110987654321

100

80

60

40

20

0212019181716151413121110987654321

No Action Accuracy

Dataset

Dia

gnos

tic

Acc

urac

y

Action Accuracy

212019181716151413121110987654321

100

80

60

40

20

0212019181716151413121110987654321

No Action Accuracy

Dataset

Dia

gnos

tic

Acc

urac

y

Action Accuracy

212019181716151413121110987654321

100

80

60

40

20

0212019181716151413121110987654321

No Action Accuracy

Dataset

Dia

gnos

tic

Acc

urac

y




Not ActAct

100

80

60

40

20

0

Test

s [

of

Tota

l]


All Accuracies


100

80

60

40

20

0

Dia

gnos

tic

Acc

urac

y

989

100

05

10

497

925



74



Numeric Survival

Pass Fail

Classification


Replace Defer



Unambiguous Opaque


75





bull System Data


Test Data

Feature Extraction

Experience Library

Knowledge Rules

76

Data

Information



77

GoodPoor

750

250 281

719

1000

1975 1979

1982





78


Testing Sites

79





80




at U0 [10-3]


U0 [10-3]

Mean VLF-TD

at U0 [10-3]

No Action

Required (Best 80 )


Further Study

005 to 05 Or

5 to 80 Or

4 to 50

Action Required


Knowledge Rule


81



82

10001001001

100000

10000

1000

100

010

00110001001001


TD Uo [E-3]

Tip

Up (

15U

o -

05U

o) [

E-3]


4 50

5

80



83

Evergreen Glenwood


Action Required133

Further Study267


1986 Vintage12 Ckts




84

302520151050

1000

100

10

1


Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]Voltage


Tip Up Mean Tan δ



85

302520151050

1000

100

10

1


Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]Voltage


Tip Up Mean Tan δ


Wet Circuits

86




87



and 10 mins (E-3)



Mean VLF-TD at





88

302520151050-5

10

1

Test Time [min]

Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]Voltage

Test

Stability15Uo=27E-3


Snopud Segment 6912



302520151050-5

10

1

Test Time [min]

Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

05101522

[Uo]Voltage

Test

Snopud Segment 6912

0 to 10 mins

89


Change in Tan Delta

between 0 and 10

mins (E-3)

VLF-TD Stability


at Maintenance

Level [10-3]

Mean VLF-TD at





0 to 30 mins

90

302520151050-5

10

1

Test Time [min]

Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

05101522

[Uo]Voltage

Test

Snopud 6912



91

302520151050

1000

100

10

1


Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]_2Voltage


Mean Tan δ


302520151050

1000

100

10

1


Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]Voltage

Test


92


Mean Tan δ




at U0 [10-3]


[10-3]

Mean VLF-TD

at U0 [10-3]

No Action


Further Study

005 to

05 Or

5 to 80 Or

4 to 50



93

05

50

0 1 2




Nigel Hampton

Bruce Olson

94


SUMMARY





95


Slide Number 2

Outline

Test Types

Field Tests

Commissioning




Slide Number 10

Diagnostics



TDR Equipment


Slide Number 16



Slide Number 19

VLF Waveforms


Setup

Slide Number 23



TD Assesment

Tan δ Equipment


Setup















Slide Number 44

Slide Number 45

Setup

Slide Number 47



PD Pulse



Setup

Online PD Equipment




Slide Number 58


Safe

Effective

Useful

Valuable


Lengths Tested



Accuracy



Accuracies


All Accuracies






Testing Sites







Wet Circuits



0 to 10 mins

0 to 30 mins




Slide Number 94

SUMMARY

















PD Interpretation



Setup

46

VLF DUT

PD SENSORS

FILTER

Data


47




X


X


Variable Wide

Bandwidth


situation



Time

oltage



PD Pulse



No PD

PD

A

B

C


52



Setup

53

DUT

PD SENSORS Data


Online PD Equipment








along cable circuit



Time

U0

oltage






No PD

PD


Nigel Hampton

58



59


60

Safe


61

Effective


62

Useful


63

Valuable



VLF DC Tan Delta

PD On PD Off TDR

IRC DAC


Category


65

Lengths Tested


Perc

ent

100

75

50

25

00100000100001000100

100000100001000100

100

75

50

25

00

PD Tan D

VLF Withstand



Median 3500 ft


TDR




56

Splices371 Cable

562



Percentage

C1

16144

23137

1519241121

20106

173

229

121858

21

100806040200


Uti

lity


Accuracy

68









Accuracies

212019181716151413121110987654321

100

80

60

40

20

0212019181716151413121110987654321

No Action Accuracy

Dataset

Dia

gnos

tic

Acc

urac

y

Action Accuracy

212019181716151413121110987654321

100

80

60

40

20

0212019181716151413121110987654321

No Action Accuracy

Dataset

Dia

gnos

tic

Acc

urac

y

Action Accuracy

212019181716151413121110987654321

100

80

60

40

20

0212019181716151413121110987654321

No Action Accuracy

Dataset

Dia

gnos

tic

Acc

urac

y




Not ActAct

100

80

60

40

20

0

Test

s [

of

Tota

l]


All Accuracies


100

80

60

40

20

0

Dia

gnos

tic

Acc

urac

y

989

100

05

10

497

925



74



Numeric Survival

Pass Fail

Classification


Replace Defer



Unambiguous Opaque


75





bull System Data


Test Data

Feature Extraction

Experience Library

Knowledge Rules

76

Data

Information



77

GoodPoor

750

250 281

719

1000

1975 1979

1982





78


Testing Sites

79





80




at U0 [10-3]


U0 [10-3]

Mean VLF-TD

at U0 [10-3]

No Action

Required (Best 80 )


Further Study

005 to 05 Or

5 to 80 Or

4 to 50

Action Required


Knowledge Rule


81



82

10001001001

100000

10000

1000

100

010

00110001001001


TD Uo [E-3]

Tip

Up (

15U

o -

05U

o) [

E-3]


4 50

5

80



83

Evergreen Glenwood


Action Required133

Further Study267


1986 Vintage12 Ckts




84

302520151050

1000

100

10

1


Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]Voltage


Tip Up Mean Tan δ



85

302520151050

1000

100

10

1


Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]Voltage


Tip Up Mean Tan δ


Wet Circuits

86




87



and 10 mins (E-3)



Mean VLF-TD at





88

302520151050-5

10

1

Test Time [min]

Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]Voltage

Test

Stability15Uo=27E-3


Snopud Segment 6912



302520151050-5

10

1

Test Time [min]

Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

05101522

[Uo]Voltage

Test

Snopud Segment 6912

0 to 10 mins

89


Change in Tan Delta

between 0 and 10

mins (E-3)

VLF-TD Stability


at Maintenance

Level [10-3]

Mean VLF-TD at





0 to 30 mins

90

302520151050-5

10

1

Test Time [min]

Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

05101522

[Uo]Voltage

Test

Snopud 6912



91

302520151050

1000

100

10

1


Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]_2Voltage


Mean Tan δ


302520151050

1000

100

10

1


Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]Voltage

Test


92


Mean Tan δ




at U0 [10-3]


[10-3]

Mean VLF-TD

at U0 [10-3]

No Action


Further Study

005 to

05 Or

5 to 80 Or

4 to 50



93

05

50

0 1 2




Nigel Hampton

Bruce Olson

94


SUMMARY





95


Slide Number 2

Outline

Test Types

Field Tests

Commissioning




Slide Number 10

Diagnostics



TDR Equipment


Slide Number 16



Slide Number 19

VLF Waveforms


Setup

Slide Number 23



TD Assesment

Tan δ Equipment


Setup















Slide Number 44

Slide Number 45

Setup

Slide Number 47



PD Pulse



Setup

Online PD Equipment




Slide Number 58


Safe

Effective

Useful

Valuable


Lengths Tested



Accuracy



Accuracies


All Accuracies






Testing Sites







Wet Circuits



0 to 10 mins

0 to 30 mins




Slide Number 94

SUMMARY


Setup

46

VLF DUT

PD SENSORS

FILTER

Data


47




X


X


Variable Wide

Bandwidth


situation



Time

oltage



PD Pulse



No PD

PD

A

B

C


52



Setup

53

DUT

PD SENSORS Data


Online PD Equipment








along cable circuit



Time

U0

oltage






No PD

PD


Nigel Hampton

58



59


60

Safe


61

Effective


62

Useful


63

Valuable



VLF DC Tan Delta

PD On PD Off TDR

IRC DAC


Category


65

Lengths Tested


Perc

ent

100

75

50

25

00100000100001000100

100000100001000100

100

75

50

25

00

PD Tan D

VLF Withstand



Median 3500 ft


TDR




56

Splices371 Cable

562



Percentage

C1

16144

23137

1519241121

20106

173

229

121858

21

100806040200


Uti

lity


Accuracy

68









Accuracies

212019181716151413121110987654321

100

80

60

40

20

0212019181716151413121110987654321

No Action Accuracy

Dataset

Dia

gnos

tic

Acc

urac

y

Action Accuracy

212019181716151413121110987654321

100

80

60

40

20

0212019181716151413121110987654321

No Action Accuracy

Dataset

Dia

gnos

tic

Acc

urac

y

Action Accuracy

212019181716151413121110987654321

100

80

60

40

20

0212019181716151413121110987654321

No Action Accuracy

Dataset

Dia

gnos

tic

Acc

urac

y




Not ActAct

100

80

60

40

20

0

Test

s [

of

Tota

l]


All Accuracies


100

80

60

40

20

0

Dia

gnos

tic

Acc

urac

y

989

100

05

10

497

925



74



Numeric Survival

Pass Fail

Classification


Replace Defer



Unambiguous Opaque


75





bull System Data


Test Data

Feature Extraction

Experience Library

Knowledge Rules

76

Data

Information



77

GoodPoor

750

250 281

719

1000

1975 1979

1982





78


Testing Sites

79





80




at U0 [10-3]


U0 [10-3]

Mean VLF-TD

at U0 [10-3]

No Action

Required (Best 80 )


Further Study

005 to 05 Or

5 to 80 Or

4 to 50

Action Required


Knowledge Rule


81



82

10001001001

100000

10000

1000

100

010

00110001001001


TD Uo [E-3]

Tip

Up (

15U

o -

05U

o) [

E-3]


4 50

5

80



83

Evergreen Glenwood


Action Required133

Further Study267


1986 Vintage12 Ckts




84

302520151050

1000

100

10

1


Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]Voltage


Tip Up Mean Tan δ



85

302520151050

1000

100

10

1


Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]Voltage


Tip Up Mean Tan δ


Wet Circuits

86




87



and 10 mins (E-3)



Mean VLF-TD at





88

302520151050-5

10

1

Test Time [min]

Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]Voltage

Test

Stability15Uo=27E-3


Snopud Segment 6912



302520151050-5

10

1

Test Time [min]

Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

05101522

[Uo]Voltage

Test

Snopud Segment 6912

0 to 10 mins

89


Change in Tan Delta

between 0 and 10

mins (E-3)

VLF-TD Stability


at Maintenance

Level [10-3]

Mean VLF-TD at





0 to 30 mins

90

302520151050-5

10

1

Test Time [min]

Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

05101522

[Uo]Voltage

Test

Snopud 6912



91

302520151050

1000

100

10

1


Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]_2Voltage


Mean Tan δ


302520151050

1000

100

10

1


Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]Voltage

Test


92


Mean Tan δ




at U0 [10-3]


[10-3]

Mean VLF-TD

at U0 [10-3]

No Action


Further Study

005 to

05 Or

5 to 80 Or

4 to 50



93

05

50

0 1 2




Nigel Hampton

Bruce Olson

94


SUMMARY





95


Slide Number 2

Outline

Test Types

Field Tests

Commissioning




Slide Number 10

Diagnostics



TDR Equipment


Slide Number 16



Slide Number 19

VLF Waveforms


Setup

Slide Number 23



TD Assesment

Tan δ Equipment


Setup















Slide Number 44

Slide Number 45

Setup

Slide Number 47



PD Pulse



Setup

Online PD Equipment




Slide Number 58


Safe

Effective

Useful

Valuable


Lengths Tested



Accuracy



Accuracies


All Accuracies






Testing Sites







Wet Circuits



0 to 10 mins

0 to 30 mins




Slide Number 94

SUMMARY


47




X


X


Variable Wide

Bandwidth


situation



Time

oltage



PD Pulse



No PD

PD

A

B

C


52



Setup

53

DUT

PD SENSORS Data


Online PD Equipment








along cable circuit



Time

U0

oltage






No PD

PD


Nigel Hampton

58



59


60

Safe


61

Effective


62

Useful


63

Valuable



VLF DC Tan Delta

PD On PD Off TDR

IRC DAC


Category


65

Lengths Tested


Perc

ent

100

75

50

25

00100000100001000100

100000100001000100

100

75

50

25

00

PD Tan D

VLF Withstand



Median 3500 ft


TDR




56

Splices371 Cable

562



Percentage

C1

16144

23137

1519241121

20106

173

229

121858

21

100806040200


Uti

lity


Accuracy

68









Accuracies

212019181716151413121110987654321

100

80

60

40

20

0212019181716151413121110987654321

No Action Accuracy

Dataset

Dia

gnos

tic

Acc

urac

y

Action Accuracy

212019181716151413121110987654321

100

80

60

40

20

0212019181716151413121110987654321

No Action Accuracy

Dataset

Dia

gnos

tic

Acc

urac

y

Action Accuracy

212019181716151413121110987654321

100

80

60

40

20

0212019181716151413121110987654321

No Action Accuracy

Dataset

Dia

gnos

tic

Acc

urac

y




Not ActAct

100

80

60

40

20

0

Test

s [

of

Tota

l]


All Accuracies


100

80

60

40

20

0

Dia

gnos

tic

Acc

urac

y

989

100

05

10

497

925



74



Numeric Survival

Pass Fail

Classification


Replace Defer



Unambiguous Opaque


75





bull System Data


Test Data

Feature Extraction

Experience Library

Knowledge Rules

76

Data

Information



77

GoodPoor

750

250 281

719

1000

1975 1979

1982





78


Testing Sites

79





80




at U0 [10-3]


U0 [10-3]

Mean VLF-TD

at U0 [10-3]

No Action

Required (Best 80 )


Further Study

005 to 05 Or

5 to 80 Or

4 to 50

Action Required


Knowledge Rule


81



82

10001001001

100000

10000

1000

100

010

00110001001001


TD Uo [E-3]

Tip

Up (

15U

o -

05U

o) [

E-3]


4 50

5

80



83

Evergreen Glenwood


Action Required133

Further Study267


1986 Vintage12 Ckts




84

302520151050

1000

100

10

1


Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]Voltage


Tip Up Mean Tan δ



85

302520151050

1000

100

10

1


Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]Voltage


Tip Up Mean Tan δ


Wet Circuits

86




87



and 10 mins (E-3)



Mean VLF-TD at





88

302520151050-5

10

1

Test Time [min]

Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]Voltage

Test

Stability15Uo=27E-3


Snopud Segment 6912



302520151050-5

10

1

Test Time [min]

Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

05101522

[Uo]Voltage

Test

Snopud Segment 6912

0 to 10 mins

89


Change in Tan Delta

between 0 and 10

mins (E-3)

VLF-TD Stability


at Maintenance

Level [10-3]

Mean VLF-TD at





0 to 30 mins

90

302520151050-5

10

1

Test Time [min]

Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

05101522

[Uo]Voltage

Test

Snopud 6912



91

302520151050

1000

100

10

1


Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]_2Voltage


Mean Tan δ


302520151050

1000

100

10

1


Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]Voltage

Test


92


Mean Tan δ




at U0 [10-3]


[10-3]

Mean VLF-TD

at U0 [10-3]

No Action


Further Study

005 to

05 Or

5 to 80 Or

4 to 50



93

05

50

0 1 2




Nigel Hampton

Bruce Olson

94


SUMMARY





95


Slide Number 2

Outline

Test Types

Field Tests

Commissioning




Slide Number 10

Diagnostics



TDR Equipment


Slide Number 16



Slide Number 19

VLF Waveforms


Setup

Slide Number 23



TD Assesment

Tan δ Equipment


Setup















Slide Number 44

Slide Number 45

Setup

Slide Number 47



PD Pulse



Setup

Online PD Equipment




Slide Number 58


Safe

Effective

Useful

Valuable


Lengths Tested



Accuracy



Accuracies


All Accuracies






Testing Sites







Wet Circuits



0 to 10 mins

0 to 30 mins




Slide Number 94

SUMMARY




X


X


Variable Wide

Bandwidth


situation



Time

oltage



PD Pulse



No PD

PD

A

B

C


52



Setup

53

DUT

PD SENSORS Data


Online PD Equipment








along cable circuit



Time

U0

oltage






No PD

PD


Nigel Hampton

58



59


60

Safe


61

Effective


62

Useful


63

Valuable



VLF DC Tan Delta

PD On PD Off TDR

IRC DAC


Category


65

Lengths Tested


Perc

ent

100

75

50

25

00100000100001000100

100000100001000100

100

75

50

25

00

PD Tan D

VLF Withstand



Median 3500 ft


TDR




56

Splices371 Cable

562



Percentage

C1

16144

23137

1519241121

20106

173

229

121858

21

100806040200


Uti

lity


Accuracy

68









Accuracies

212019181716151413121110987654321

100

80

60

40

20

0212019181716151413121110987654321

No Action Accuracy

Dataset

Dia

gnos

tic

Acc

urac

y

Action Accuracy

212019181716151413121110987654321

100

80

60

40

20

0212019181716151413121110987654321

No Action Accuracy

Dataset

Dia

gnos

tic

Acc

urac

y

Action Accuracy

212019181716151413121110987654321

100

80

60

40

20

0212019181716151413121110987654321

No Action Accuracy

Dataset

Dia

gnos

tic

Acc

urac

y




Not ActAct

100

80

60

40

20

0

Test

s [

of

Tota

l]


All Accuracies


100

80

60

40

20

0

Dia

gnos

tic

Acc

urac

y

989

100

05

10

497

925



74



Numeric Survival

Pass Fail

Classification


Replace Defer



Unambiguous Opaque


75





bull System Data


Test Data

Feature Extraction

Experience Library

Knowledge Rules

76

Data

Information



77

GoodPoor

750

250 281

719

1000

1975 1979

1982





78


Testing Sites

79





80




at U0 [10-3]


U0 [10-3]

Mean VLF-TD

at U0 [10-3]

No Action

Required (Best 80 )


Further Study

005 to 05 Or

5 to 80 Or

4 to 50

Action Required


Knowledge Rule


81



82

10001001001

100000

10000

1000

100

010

00110001001001


TD Uo [E-3]

Tip

Up (

15U

o -

05U

o) [

E-3]


4 50

5

80



83

Evergreen Glenwood


Action Required133

Further Study267


1986 Vintage12 Ckts




84

302520151050

1000

100

10

1


Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]Voltage


Tip Up Mean Tan δ



85

302520151050

1000

100

10

1


Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]Voltage


Tip Up Mean Tan δ


Wet Circuits

86




87



and 10 mins (E-3)



Mean VLF-TD at





88

302520151050-5

10

1

Test Time [min]

Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]Voltage

Test

Stability15Uo=27E-3


Snopud Segment 6912



302520151050-5

10

1

Test Time [min]

Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

05101522

[Uo]Voltage

Test

Snopud Segment 6912

0 to 10 mins

89


Change in Tan Delta

between 0 and 10

mins (E-3)

VLF-TD Stability


at Maintenance

Level [10-3]

Mean VLF-TD at





0 to 30 mins

90

302520151050-5

10

1

Test Time [min]

Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

05101522

[Uo]Voltage

Test

Snopud 6912



91

302520151050

1000

100

10

1


Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]_2Voltage


Mean Tan δ


302520151050

1000

100

10

1


Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]Voltage

Test


92


Mean Tan δ




at U0 [10-3]


[10-3]

Mean VLF-TD

at U0 [10-3]

No Action


Further Study

005 to

05 Or

5 to 80 Or

4 to 50



93

05

50

0 1 2




Nigel Hampton

Bruce Olson

94


SUMMARY





95


Slide Number 2

Outline

Test Types

Field Tests

Commissioning




Slide Number 10

Diagnostics



TDR Equipment


Slide Number 16



Slide Number 19

VLF Waveforms


Setup

Slide Number 23



TD Assesment

Tan δ Equipment


Setup















Slide Number 44

Slide Number 45

Setup

Slide Number 47



PD Pulse



Setup

Online PD Equipment




Slide Number 58


Safe

Effective

Useful

Valuable


Lengths Tested



Accuracy



Accuracies


All Accuracies






Testing Sites







Wet Circuits



0 to 10 mins

0 to 30 mins




Slide Number 94

SUMMARY



Time

oltage



PD Pulse



No PD

PD

A

B

C


52



Setup

53

DUT

PD SENSORS Data


Online PD Equipment








along cable circuit



Time

U0

oltage






No PD

PD


Nigel Hampton

58



59


60

Safe


61

Effective


62

Useful


63

Valuable



VLF DC Tan Delta

PD On PD Off TDR

IRC DAC


Category


65

Lengths Tested


Perc

ent

100

75

50

25

00100000100001000100

100000100001000100

100

75

50

25

00

PD Tan D

VLF Withstand



Median 3500 ft


TDR




56

Splices371 Cable

562



Percentage

C1

16144

23137

1519241121

20106

173

229

121858

21

100806040200


Uti

lity


Accuracy

68









Accuracies

212019181716151413121110987654321

100

80

60

40

20

0212019181716151413121110987654321

No Action Accuracy

Dataset

Dia

gnos

tic

Acc

urac

y

Action Accuracy

212019181716151413121110987654321

100

80

60

40

20

0212019181716151413121110987654321

No Action Accuracy

Dataset

Dia

gnos

tic

Acc

urac

y

Action Accuracy

212019181716151413121110987654321

100

80

60

40

20

0212019181716151413121110987654321

No Action Accuracy

Dataset

Dia

gnos

tic

Acc

urac

y




Not ActAct

100

80

60

40

20

0

Test

s [

of

Tota

l]


All Accuracies


100

80

60

40

20

0

Dia

gnos

tic

Acc

urac

y

989

100

05

10

497

925



74



Numeric Survival

Pass Fail

Classification


Replace Defer



Unambiguous Opaque


75





bull System Data


Test Data

Feature Extraction

Experience Library

Knowledge Rules

76

Data

Information



77

GoodPoor

750

250 281

719

1000

1975 1979

1982





78


Testing Sites

79





80




at U0 [10-3]


U0 [10-3]

Mean VLF-TD

at U0 [10-3]

No Action

Required (Best 80 )


Further Study

005 to 05 Or

5 to 80 Or

4 to 50

Action Required


Knowledge Rule


81



82

10001001001

100000

10000

1000

100

010

00110001001001


TD Uo [E-3]

Tip

Up (

15U

o -

05U

o) [

E-3]


4 50

5

80



83

Evergreen Glenwood


Action Required133

Further Study267


1986 Vintage12 Ckts




84

302520151050

1000

100

10

1


Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]Voltage


Tip Up Mean Tan δ



85

302520151050

1000

100

10

1


Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]Voltage


Tip Up Mean Tan δ


Wet Circuits

86




87



and 10 mins (E-3)



Mean VLF-TD at





88

302520151050-5

10

1

Test Time [min]

Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]Voltage

Test

Stability15Uo=27E-3


Snopud Segment 6912



302520151050-5

10

1

Test Time [min]

Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

05101522

[Uo]Voltage

Test

Snopud Segment 6912

0 to 10 mins

89


Change in Tan Delta

between 0 and 10

mins (E-3)

VLF-TD Stability


at Maintenance

Level [10-3]

Mean VLF-TD at





0 to 30 mins

90

302520151050-5

10

1

Test Time [min]

Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

05101522

[Uo]Voltage

Test

Snopud 6912



91

302520151050

1000

100

10

1


Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]_2Voltage


Mean Tan δ


302520151050

1000

100

10

1


Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]Voltage

Test


92


Mean Tan δ




at U0 [10-3]


[10-3]

Mean VLF-TD

at U0 [10-3]

No Action


Further Study

005 to

05 Or

5 to 80 Or

4 to 50



93

05

50

0 1 2




Nigel Hampton

Bruce Olson

94


SUMMARY





95


Slide Number 2

Outline

Test Types

Field Tests

Commissioning




Slide Number 10

Diagnostics



TDR Equipment


Slide Number 16



Slide Number 19

VLF Waveforms


Setup

Slide Number 23



TD Assesment

Tan δ Equipment


Setup















Slide Number 44

Slide Number 45

Setup

Slide Number 47



PD Pulse



Setup

Online PD Equipment




Slide Number 58


Safe

Effective

Useful

Valuable


Lengths Tested



Accuracy



Accuracies


All Accuracies






Testing Sites







Wet Circuits



0 to 10 mins

0 to 30 mins




Slide Number 94

SUMMARY


PD Pulse



No PD

PD

A

B

C


52



Setup

53

DUT

PD SENSORS Data


Online PD Equipment








along cable circuit



Time

U0

oltage






No PD

PD


Nigel Hampton

58



59


60

Safe


61

Effective


62

Useful


63

Valuable



VLF DC Tan Delta

PD On PD Off TDR

IRC DAC


Category


65

Lengths Tested


Perc

ent

100

75

50

25

00100000100001000100

100000100001000100

100

75

50

25

00

PD Tan D

VLF Withstand



Median 3500 ft


TDR




56

Splices371 Cable

562



Percentage

C1

16144

23137

1519241121

20106

173

229

121858

21

100806040200


Uti

lity


Accuracy

68









Accuracies

212019181716151413121110987654321

100

80

60

40

20

0212019181716151413121110987654321

No Action Accuracy

Dataset

Dia

gnos

tic

Acc

urac

y

Action Accuracy

212019181716151413121110987654321

100

80

60

40

20

0212019181716151413121110987654321

No Action Accuracy

Dataset

Dia

gnos

tic

Acc

urac

y

Action Accuracy

212019181716151413121110987654321

100

80

60

40

20

0212019181716151413121110987654321

No Action Accuracy

Dataset

Dia

gnos

tic

Acc

urac

y




Not ActAct

100

80

60

40

20

0

Test

s [

of

Tota

l]


All Accuracies


100

80

60

40

20

0

Dia

gnos

tic

Acc

urac

y

989

100

05

10

497

925



74



Numeric Survival

Pass Fail

Classification


Replace Defer



Unambiguous Opaque


75





bull System Data


Test Data

Feature Extraction

Experience Library

Knowledge Rules

76

Data

Information



77

GoodPoor

750

250 281

719

1000

1975 1979

1982





78


Testing Sites

79





80




at U0 [10-3]


U0 [10-3]

Mean VLF-TD

at U0 [10-3]

No Action

Required (Best 80 )


Further Study

005 to 05 Or

5 to 80 Or

4 to 50

Action Required


Knowledge Rule


81



82

10001001001

100000

10000

1000

100

010

00110001001001


TD Uo [E-3]

Tip

Up (

15U

o -

05U

o) [

E-3]


4 50

5

80



83

Evergreen Glenwood


Action Required133

Further Study267


1986 Vintage12 Ckts




84

302520151050

1000

100

10

1


Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]Voltage


Tip Up Mean Tan δ



85

302520151050

1000

100

10

1


Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]Voltage


Tip Up Mean Tan δ


Wet Circuits

86




87



and 10 mins (E-3)



Mean VLF-TD at





88

302520151050-5

10

1

Test Time [min]

Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]Voltage

Test

Stability15Uo=27E-3


Snopud Segment 6912



302520151050-5

10

1

Test Time [min]

Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

05101522

[Uo]Voltage

Test

Snopud Segment 6912

0 to 10 mins

89


Change in Tan Delta

between 0 and 10

mins (E-3)

VLF-TD Stability


at Maintenance

Level [10-3]

Mean VLF-TD at





0 to 30 mins

90

302520151050-5

10

1

Test Time [min]

Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

05101522

[Uo]Voltage

Test

Snopud 6912



91

302520151050

1000

100

10

1


Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]_2Voltage


Mean Tan δ


302520151050

1000

100

10

1


Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]Voltage

Test


92


Mean Tan δ




at U0 [10-3]


[10-3]

Mean VLF-TD

at U0 [10-3]

No Action


Further Study

005 to

05 Or

5 to 80 Or

4 to 50



93

05

50

0 1 2




Nigel Hampton

Bruce Olson

94


SUMMARY





95


Slide Number 2

Outline

Test Types

Field Tests

Commissioning




Slide Number 10

Diagnostics



TDR Equipment


Slide Number 16



Slide Number 19

VLF Waveforms


Setup

Slide Number 23



TD Assesment

Tan δ Equipment


Setup















Slide Number 44

Slide Number 45

Setup

Slide Number 47



PD Pulse



Setup

Online PD Equipment




Slide Number 58


Safe

Effective

Useful

Valuable


Lengths Tested



Accuracy



Accuracies


All Accuracies






Testing Sites







Wet Circuits



0 to 10 mins

0 to 30 mins




Slide Number 94

SUMMARY



No PD

PD

A

B

C


52



Setup

53

DUT

PD SENSORS Data


Online PD Equipment








along cable circuit



Time

U0

oltage






No PD

PD


Nigel Hampton

58



59


60

Safe


61

Effective


62

Useful


63

Valuable



VLF DC Tan Delta

PD On PD Off TDR

IRC DAC


Category


65

Lengths Tested


Perc

ent

100

75

50

25

00100000100001000100

100000100001000100

100

75

50

25

00

PD Tan D

VLF Withstand



Median 3500 ft


TDR




56

Splices371 Cable

562



Percentage

C1

16144

23137

1519241121

20106

173

229

121858

21

100806040200


Uti

lity


Accuracy

68









Accuracies

212019181716151413121110987654321

100

80

60

40

20

0212019181716151413121110987654321

No Action Accuracy

Dataset

Dia

gnos

tic

Acc

urac

y

Action Accuracy

212019181716151413121110987654321

100

80

60

40

20

0212019181716151413121110987654321

No Action Accuracy

Dataset

Dia

gnos

tic

Acc

urac

y

Action Accuracy

212019181716151413121110987654321

100

80

60

40

20

0212019181716151413121110987654321

No Action Accuracy

Dataset

Dia

gnos

tic

Acc

urac

y




Not ActAct

100

80

60

40

20

0

Test

s [

of

Tota

l]


All Accuracies


100

80

60

40

20

0

Dia

gnos

tic

Acc

urac

y

989

100

05

10

497

925



74



Numeric Survival

Pass Fail

Classification


Replace Defer



Unambiguous Opaque


75





bull System Data


Test Data

Feature Extraction

Experience Library

Knowledge Rules

76

Data

Information



77

GoodPoor

750

250 281

719

1000

1975 1979

1982





78


Testing Sites

79





80




at U0 [10-3]


U0 [10-3]

Mean VLF-TD

at U0 [10-3]

No Action

Required (Best 80 )


Further Study

005 to 05 Or

5 to 80 Or

4 to 50

Action Required


Knowledge Rule


81



82

10001001001

100000

10000

1000

100

010

00110001001001


TD Uo [E-3]

Tip

Up (

15U

o -

05U

o) [

E-3]


4 50

5

80



83

Evergreen Glenwood


Action Required133

Further Study267


1986 Vintage12 Ckts




84

302520151050

1000

100

10

1


Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]Voltage


Tip Up Mean Tan δ



85

302520151050

1000

100

10

1


Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]Voltage


Tip Up Mean Tan δ


Wet Circuits

86




87



and 10 mins (E-3)



Mean VLF-TD at





88

302520151050-5

10

1

Test Time [min]

Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]Voltage

Test

Stability15Uo=27E-3


Snopud Segment 6912



302520151050-5

10

1

Test Time [min]

Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

05101522

[Uo]Voltage

Test

Snopud Segment 6912

0 to 10 mins

89


Change in Tan Delta

between 0 and 10

mins (E-3)

VLF-TD Stability


at Maintenance

Level [10-3]

Mean VLF-TD at





0 to 30 mins

90

302520151050-5

10

1

Test Time [min]

Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

05101522

[Uo]Voltage

Test

Snopud 6912



91

302520151050

1000

100

10

1


Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]_2Voltage


Mean Tan δ


302520151050

1000

100

10

1


Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]Voltage

Test


92


Mean Tan δ




at U0 [10-3]


[10-3]

Mean VLF-TD

at U0 [10-3]

No Action


Further Study

005 to

05 Or

5 to 80 Or

4 to 50



93

05

50

0 1 2




Nigel Hampton

Bruce Olson

94


SUMMARY





95


Slide Number 2

Outline

Test Types

Field Tests

Commissioning




Slide Number 10

Diagnostics



TDR Equipment


Slide Number 16



Slide Number 19

VLF Waveforms


Setup

Slide Number 23



TD Assesment

Tan δ Equipment


Setup















Slide Number 44

Slide Number 45

Setup

Slide Number 47



PD Pulse



Setup

Online PD Equipment




Slide Number 58


Safe

Effective

Useful

Valuable


Lengths Tested



Accuracy



Accuracies


All Accuracies






Testing Sites







Wet Circuits



0 to 10 mins

0 to 30 mins




Slide Number 94

SUMMARY


52



Setup

53

DUT

PD SENSORS Data


Online PD Equipment








along cable circuit



Time

U0

oltage






No PD

PD


Nigel Hampton

58



59


60

Safe


61

Effective


62

Useful


63

Valuable



VLF DC Tan Delta

PD On PD Off TDR

IRC DAC


Category


65

Lengths Tested


Perc

ent

100

75

50

25

00100000100001000100

100000100001000100

100

75

50

25

00

PD Tan D

VLF Withstand



Median 3500 ft


TDR




56

Splices371 Cable

562



Percentage

C1

16144

23137

1519241121

20106

173

229

121858

21

100806040200


Uti

lity


Accuracy

68









Accuracies

212019181716151413121110987654321

100

80

60

40

20

0212019181716151413121110987654321

No Action Accuracy

Dataset

Dia

gnos

tic

Acc

urac

y

Action Accuracy

212019181716151413121110987654321

100

80

60

40

20

0212019181716151413121110987654321

No Action Accuracy

Dataset

Dia

gnos

tic

Acc

urac

y

Action Accuracy

212019181716151413121110987654321

100

80

60

40

20

0212019181716151413121110987654321

No Action Accuracy

Dataset

Dia

gnos

tic

Acc

urac

y




Not ActAct

100

80

60

40

20

0

Test

s [

of

Tota

l]


All Accuracies


100

80

60

40

20

0

Dia

gnos

tic

Acc

urac

y

989

100

05

10

497

925



74



Numeric Survival

Pass Fail

Classification


Replace Defer



Unambiguous Opaque


75





bull System Data


Test Data

Feature Extraction

Experience Library

Knowledge Rules

76

Data

Information



77

GoodPoor

750

250 281

719

1000

1975 1979

1982





78


Testing Sites

79





80




at U0 [10-3]


U0 [10-3]

Mean VLF-TD

at U0 [10-3]

No Action

Required (Best 80 )


Further Study

005 to 05 Or

5 to 80 Or

4 to 50

Action Required


Knowledge Rule


81



82

10001001001

100000

10000

1000

100

010

00110001001001


TD Uo [E-3]

Tip

Up (

15U

o -

05U

o) [

E-3]


4 50

5

80



83

Evergreen Glenwood


Action Required133

Further Study267


1986 Vintage12 Ckts




84

302520151050

1000

100

10

1


Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]Voltage


Tip Up Mean Tan δ



85

302520151050

1000

100

10

1


Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]Voltage


Tip Up Mean Tan δ


Wet Circuits

86




87



and 10 mins (E-3)



Mean VLF-TD at





88

302520151050-5

10

1

Test Time [min]

Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]Voltage

Test

Stability15Uo=27E-3


Snopud Segment 6912



302520151050-5

10

1

Test Time [min]

Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

05101522

[Uo]Voltage

Test

Snopud Segment 6912

0 to 10 mins

89


Change in Tan Delta

between 0 and 10

mins (E-3)

VLF-TD Stability


at Maintenance

Level [10-3]

Mean VLF-TD at





0 to 30 mins

90

302520151050-5

10

1

Test Time [min]

Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

05101522

[Uo]Voltage

Test

Snopud 6912



91

302520151050

1000

100

10

1


Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]_2Voltage


Mean Tan δ


302520151050

1000

100

10

1


Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]Voltage

Test


92


Mean Tan δ




at U0 [10-3]


[10-3]

Mean VLF-TD

at U0 [10-3]

No Action


Further Study

005 to

05 Or

5 to 80 Or

4 to 50



93

05

50

0 1 2




Nigel Hampton

Bruce Olson

94


SUMMARY





95


Slide Number 2

Outline

Test Types

Field Tests

Commissioning




Slide Number 10

Diagnostics



TDR Equipment


Slide Number 16



Slide Number 19

VLF Waveforms


Setup

Slide Number 23



TD Assesment

Tan δ Equipment


Setup















Slide Number 44

Slide Number 45

Setup

Slide Number 47



PD Pulse



Setup

Online PD Equipment




Slide Number 58


Safe

Effective

Useful

Valuable


Lengths Tested



Accuracy



Accuracies


All Accuracies






Testing Sites







Wet Circuits



0 to 10 mins

0 to 30 mins




Slide Number 94

SUMMARY


Setup

53

DUT

PD SENSORS Data


Online PD Equipment








along cable circuit



Time

U0

oltage






No PD

PD


Nigel Hampton

58



59


60

Safe


61

Effective


62

Useful


63

Valuable



VLF DC Tan Delta

PD On PD Off TDR

IRC DAC


Category


65

Lengths Tested


Perc

ent

100

75

50

25

00100000100001000100

100000100001000100

100

75

50

25

00

PD Tan D

VLF Withstand



Median 3500 ft


TDR




56

Splices371 Cable

562



Percentage

C1

16144

23137

1519241121

20106

173

229

121858

21

100806040200


Uti

lity


Accuracy

68









Accuracies

212019181716151413121110987654321

100

80

60

40

20

0212019181716151413121110987654321

No Action Accuracy

Dataset

Dia

gnos

tic

Acc

urac

y

Action Accuracy

212019181716151413121110987654321

100

80

60

40

20

0212019181716151413121110987654321

No Action Accuracy

Dataset

Dia

gnos

tic

Acc

urac

y

Action Accuracy

212019181716151413121110987654321

100

80

60

40

20

0212019181716151413121110987654321

No Action Accuracy

Dataset

Dia

gnos

tic

Acc

urac

y




Not ActAct

100

80

60

40

20

0

Test

s [

of

Tota

l]


All Accuracies


100

80

60

40

20

0

Dia

gnos

tic

Acc

urac

y

989

100

05

10

497

925



74



Numeric Survival

Pass Fail

Classification


Replace Defer



Unambiguous Opaque


75





bull System Data


Test Data

Feature Extraction

Experience Library

Knowledge Rules

76

Data

Information



77

GoodPoor

750

250 281

719

1000

1975 1979

1982





78


Testing Sites

79





80




at U0 [10-3]


U0 [10-3]

Mean VLF-TD

at U0 [10-3]

No Action

Required (Best 80 )


Further Study

005 to 05 Or

5 to 80 Or

4 to 50

Action Required


Knowledge Rule


81



82

10001001001

100000

10000

1000

100

010

00110001001001


TD Uo [E-3]

Tip

Up (

15U

o -

05U

o) [

E-3]


4 50

5

80



83

Evergreen Glenwood


Action Required133

Further Study267


1986 Vintage12 Ckts




84

302520151050

1000

100

10

1


Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]Voltage


Tip Up Mean Tan δ



85

302520151050

1000

100

10

1


Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]Voltage


Tip Up Mean Tan δ


Wet Circuits

86




87



and 10 mins (E-3)



Mean VLF-TD at





88

302520151050-5

10

1

Test Time [min]

Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]Voltage

Test

Stability15Uo=27E-3


Snopud Segment 6912



302520151050-5

10

1

Test Time [min]

Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

05101522

[Uo]Voltage

Test

Snopud Segment 6912

0 to 10 mins

89


Change in Tan Delta

between 0 and 10

mins (E-3)

VLF-TD Stability


at Maintenance

Level [10-3]

Mean VLF-TD at





0 to 30 mins

90

302520151050-5

10

1

Test Time [min]

Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

05101522

[Uo]Voltage

Test

Snopud 6912



91

302520151050

1000

100

10

1


Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]_2Voltage


Mean Tan δ


302520151050

1000

100

10

1


Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]Voltage

Test


92


Mean Tan δ




at U0 [10-3]


[10-3]

Mean VLF-TD

at U0 [10-3]

No Action


Further Study

005 to

05 Or

5 to 80 Or

4 to 50



93

05

50

0 1 2




Nigel Hampton

Bruce Olson

94


SUMMARY





95


Slide Number 2

Outline

Test Types

Field Tests

Commissioning




Slide Number 10

Diagnostics



TDR Equipment


Slide Number 16



Slide Number 19

VLF Waveforms


Setup

Slide Number 23



TD Assesment

Tan δ Equipment


Setup















Slide Number 44

Slide Number 45

Setup

Slide Number 47



PD Pulse



Setup

Online PD Equipment




Slide Number 58


Safe

Effective

Useful

Valuable


Lengths Tested



Accuracy



Accuracies


All Accuracies






Testing Sites







Wet Circuits



0 to 10 mins

0 to 30 mins




Slide Number 94

SUMMARY


Online PD Equipment








along cable circuit



Time

U0

oltage






No PD

PD


Nigel Hampton

58



59


60

Safe


61

Effective


62

Useful


63

Valuable



VLF DC Tan Delta

PD On PD Off TDR

IRC DAC


Category


65

Lengths Tested


Perc

ent

100

75

50

25

00100000100001000100

100000100001000100

100

75

50

25

00

PD Tan D

VLF Withstand



Median 3500 ft


TDR




56

Splices371 Cable

562



Percentage

C1

16144

23137

1519241121

20106

173

229

121858

21

100806040200


Uti

lity


Accuracy

68









Accuracies

212019181716151413121110987654321

100

80

60

40

20

0212019181716151413121110987654321

No Action Accuracy

Dataset

Dia

gnos

tic

Acc

urac

y

Action Accuracy

212019181716151413121110987654321

100

80

60

40

20

0212019181716151413121110987654321

No Action Accuracy

Dataset

Dia

gnos

tic

Acc

urac

y

Action Accuracy

212019181716151413121110987654321

100

80

60

40

20

0212019181716151413121110987654321

No Action Accuracy

Dataset

Dia

gnos

tic

Acc

urac

y




Not ActAct

100

80

60

40

20

0

Test

s [

of

Tota

l]


All Accuracies


100

80

60

40

20

0

Dia

gnos

tic

Acc

urac

y

989

100

05

10

497

925



74



Numeric Survival

Pass Fail

Classification


Replace Defer



Unambiguous Opaque


75





bull System Data


Test Data

Feature Extraction

Experience Library

Knowledge Rules

76

Data

Information



77

GoodPoor

750

250 281

719

1000

1975 1979

1982





78


Testing Sites

79





80




at U0 [10-3]


U0 [10-3]

Mean VLF-TD

at U0 [10-3]

No Action

Required (Best 80 )


Further Study

005 to 05 Or

5 to 80 Or

4 to 50

Action Required


Knowledge Rule


81



82

10001001001

100000

10000

1000

100

010

00110001001001


TD Uo [E-3]

Tip

Up (

15U

o -

05U

o) [

E-3]


4 50

5

80



83

Evergreen Glenwood


Action Required133

Further Study267


1986 Vintage12 Ckts




84

302520151050

1000

100

10

1


Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]Voltage


Tip Up Mean Tan δ



85

302520151050

1000

100

10

1


Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]Voltage


Tip Up Mean Tan δ


Wet Circuits

86




87



and 10 mins (E-3)



Mean VLF-TD at





88

302520151050-5

10

1

Test Time [min]

Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]Voltage

Test

Stability15Uo=27E-3


Snopud Segment 6912



302520151050-5

10

1

Test Time [min]

Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

05101522

[Uo]Voltage

Test

Snopud Segment 6912

0 to 10 mins

89


Change in Tan Delta

between 0 and 10

mins (E-3)

VLF-TD Stability


at Maintenance

Level [10-3]

Mean VLF-TD at





0 to 30 mins

90

302520151050-5

10

1

Test Time [min]

Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

05101522

[Uo]Voltage

Test

Snopud 6912



91

302520151050

1000

100

10

1


Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]_2Voltage


Mean Tan δ


302520151050

1000

100

10

1


Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]Voltage

Test


92


Mean Tan δ




at U0 [10-3]


[10-3]

Mean VLF-TD

at U0 [10-3]

No Action


Further Study

005 to

05 Or

5 to 80 Or

4 to 50



93

05

50

0 1 2




Nigel Hampton

Bruce Olson

94


SUMMARY





95


Slide Number 2

Outline

Test Types

Field Tests

Commissioning




Slide Number 10

Diagnostics



TDR Equipment


Slide Number 16



Slide Number 19

VLF Waveforms


Setup

Slide Number 23



TD Assesment

Tan δ Equipment


Setup















Slide Number 44

Slide Number 45

Setup

Slide Number 47



PD Pulse



Setup

Online PD Equipment




Slide Number 58


Safe

Effective

Useful

Valuable


Lengths Tested



Accuracy



Accuracies


All Accuracies






Testing Sites







Wet Circuits



0 to 10 mins

0 to 30 mins




Slide Number 94

SUMMARY







along cable circuit



Time

U0

oltage






No PD

PD


Nigel Hampton

58



59


60

Safe


61

Effective


62

Useful


63

Valuable



VLF DC Tan Delta

PD On PD Off TDR

IRC DAC


Category


65

Lengths Tested


Perc

ent

100

75

50

25

00100000100001000100

100000100001000100

100

75

50

25

00

PD Tan D

VLF Withstand



Median 3500 ft


TDR




56

Splices371 Cable

562



Percentage

C1

16144

23137

1519241121

20106

173

229

121858

21

100806040200


Uti

lity


Accuracy

68









Accuracies

212019181716151413121110987654321

100

80

60

40

20

0212019181716151413121110987654321

No Action Accuracy

Dataset

Dia

gnos

tic

Acc

urac

y

Action Accuracy

212019181716151413121110987654321

100

80

60

40

20

0212019181716151413121110987654321

No Action Accuracy

Dataset

Dia

gnos

tic

Acc

urac

y

Action Accuracy

212019181716151413121110987654321

100

80

60

40

20

0212019181716151413121110987654321

No Action Accuracy

Dataset

Dia

gnos

tic

Acc

urac

y




Not ActAct

100

80

60

40

20

0

Test

s [

of

Tota

l]


All Accuracies


100

80

60

40

20

0

Dia

gnos

tic

Acc

urac

y

989

100

05

10

497

925



74



Numeric Survival

Pass Fail

Classification


Replace Defer



Unambiguous Opaque


75





bull System Data


Test Data

Feature Extraction

Experience Library

Knowledge Rules

76

Data

Information



77

GoodPoor

750

250 281

719

1000

1975 1979

1982





78


Testing Sites

79





80




at U0 [10-3]


U0 [10-3]

Mean VLF-TD

at U0 [10-3]

No Action

Required (Best 80 )


Further Study

005 to 05 Or

5 to 80 Or

4 to 50

Action Required


Knowledge Rule


81



82

10001001001

100000

10000

1000

100

010

00110001001001


TD Uo [E-3]

Tip

Up (

15U

o -

05U

o) [

E-3]


4 50

5

80



83

Evergreen Glenwood


Action Required133

Further Study267


1986 Vintage12 Ckts




84

302520151050

1000

100

10

1


Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]Voltage


Tip Up Mean Tan δ



85

302520151050

1000

100

10

1


Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]Voltage


Tip Up Mean Tan δ


Wet Circuits

86




87



and 10 mins (E-3)



Mean VLF-TD at





88

302520151050-5

10

1

Test Time [min]

Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]Voltage

Test

Stability15Uo=27E-3


Snopud Segment 6912



302520151050-5

10

1

Test Time [min]

Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

05101522

[Uo]Voltage

Test

Snopud Segment 6912

0 to 10 mins

89


Change in Tan Delta

between 0 and 10

mins (E-3)

VLF-TD Stability


at Maintenance

Level [10-3]

Mean VLF-TD at





0 to 30 mins

90

302520151050-5

10

1

Test Time [min]

Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

05101522

[Uo]Voltage

Test

Snopud 6912



91

302520151050

1000

100

10

1


Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]_2Voltage


Mean Tan δ


302520151050

1000

100

10

1


Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]Voltage

Test


92


Mean Tan δ




at U0 [10-3]


[10-3]

Mean VLF-TD

at U0 [10-3]

No Action


Further Study

005 to

05 Or

5 to 80 Or

4 to 50



93

05

50

0 1 2




Nigel Hampton

Bruce Olson

94


SUMMARY





95


Slide Number 2

Outline

Test Types

Field Tests

Commissioning




Slide Number 10

Diagnostics



TDR Equipment


Slide Number 16



Slide Number 19

VLF Waveforms


Setup

Slide Number 23



TD Assesment

Tan δ Equipment


Setup















Slide Number 44

Slide Number 45

Setup

Slide Number 47



PD Pulse



Setup

Online PD Equipment




Slide Number 58


Safe

Effective

Useful

Valuable


Lengths Tested



Accuracy



Accuracies


All Accuracies






Testing Sites







Wet Circuits



0 to 10 mins

0 to 30 mins




Slide Number 94

SUMMARY



Time

U0

oltage






No PD

PD


Nigel Hampton

58



59


60

Safe


61

Effective


62

Useful


63

Valuable



VLF DC Tan Delta

PD On PD Off TDR

IRC DAC


Category


65

Lengths Tested


Perc

ent

100

75

50

25

00100000100001000100

100000100001000100

100

75

50

25

00

PD Tan D

VLF Withstand



Median 3500 ft


TDR




56

Splices371 Cable

562



Percentage

C1

16144

23137

1519241121

20106

173

229

121858

21

100806040200


Uti

lity


Accuracy

68









Accuracies

212019181716151413121110987654321

100

80

60

40

20

0212019181716151413121110987654321

No Action Accuracy

Dataset

Dia

gnos

tic

Acc

urac

y

Action Accuracy

212019181716151413121110987654321

100

80

60

40

20

0212019181716151413121110987654321

No Action Accuracy

Dataset

Dia

gnos

tic

Acc

urac

y

Action Accuracy

212019181716151413121110987654321

100

80

60

40

20

0212019181716151413121110987654321

No Action Accuracy

Dataset

Dia

gnos

tic

Acc

urac

y




Not ActAct

100

80

60

40

20

0

Test

s [

of

Tota

l]


All Accuracies


100

80

60

40

20

0

Dia

gnos

tic

Acc

urac

y

989

100

05

10

497

925



74



Numeric Survival

Pass Fail

Classification


Replace Defer



Unambiguous Opaque


75





bull System Data


Test Data

Feature Extraction

Experience Library

Knowledge Rules

76

Data

Information



77

GoodPoor

750

250 281

719

1000

1975 1979

1982





78


Testing Sites

79





80




at U0 [10-3]


U0 [10-3]

Mean VLF-TD

at U0 [10-3]

No Action

Required (Best 80 )


Further Study

005 to 05 Or

5 to 80 Or

4 to 50

Action Required


Knowledge Rule


81



82

10001001001

100000

10000

1000

100

010

00110001001001


TD Uo [E-3]

Tip

Up (

15U

o -

05U

o) [

E-3]


4 50

5

80



83

Evergreen Glenwood


Action Required133

Further Study267


1986 Vintage12 Ckts




84

302520151050

1000

100

10

1


Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]Voltage


Tip Up Mean Tan δ



85

302520151050

1000

100

10

1


Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]Voltage


Tip Up Mean Tan δ


Wet Circuits

86




87



and 10 mins (E-3)



Mean VLF-TD at





88

302520151050-5

10

1

Test Time [min]

Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]Voltage

Test

Stability15Uo=27E-3


Snopud Segment 6912



302520151050-5

10

1

Test Time [min]

Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

05101522

[Uo]Voltage

Test

Snopud Segment 6912

0 to 10 mins

89


Change in Tan Delta

between 0 and 10

mins (E-3)

VLF-TD Stability


at Maintenance

Level [10-3]

Mean VLF-TD at





0 to 30 mins

90

302520151050-5

10

1

Test Time [min]

Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

05101522

[Uo]Voltage

Test

Snopud 6912



91

302520151050

1000

100

10

1


Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]_2Voltage


Mean Tan δ


302520151050

1000

100

10

1


Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]Voltage

Test


92


Mean Tan δ




at U0 [10-3]


[10-3]

Mean VLF-TD

at U0 [10-3]

No Action


Further Study

005 to

05 Or

5 to 80 Or

4 to 50



93

05

50

0 1 2




Nigel Hampton

Bruce Olson

94


SUMMARY





95


Slide Number 2

Outline

Test Types

Field Tests

Commissioning




Slide Number 10

Diagnostics



TDR Equipment


Slide Number 16



Slide Number 19

VLF Waveforms


Setup

Slide Number 23



TD Assesment

Tan δ Equipment


Setup















Slide Number 44

Slide Number 45

Setup

Slide Number 47



PD Pulse



Setup

Online PD Equipment




Slide Number 58


Safe

Effective

Useful

Valuable


Lengths Tested



Accuracy



Accuracies


All Accuracies






Testing Sites







Wet Circuits



0 to 10 mins

0 to 30 mins




Slide Number 94

SUMMARY





No PD

PD


Nigel Hampton

58



59


60

Safe


61

Effective


62

Useful


63

Valuable



VLF DC Tan Delta

PD On PD Off TDR

IRC DAC


Category


65

Lengths Tested


Perc

ent

100

75

50

25

00100000100001000100

100000100001000100

100

75

50

25

00

PD Tan D

VLF Withstand



Median 3500 ft


TDR




56

Splices371 Cable

562



Percentage

C1

16144

23137

1519241121

20106

173

229

121858

21

100806040200


Uti

lity


Accuracy

68









Accuracies

212019181716151413121110987654321

100

80

60

40

20

0212019181716151413121110987654321

No Action Accuracy

Dataset

Dia

gnos

tic

Acc

urac

y

Action Accuracy

212019181716151413121110987654321

100

80

60

40

20

0212019181716151413121110987654321

No Action Accuracy

Dataset

Dia

gnos

tic

Acc

urac

y

Action Accuracy

212019181716151413121110987654321

100

80

60

40

20

0212019181716151413121110987654321

No Action Accuracy

Dataset

Dia

gnos

tic

Acc

urac

y




Not ActAct

100

80

60

40

20

0

Test

s [

of

Tota

l]


All Accuracies


100

80

60

40

20

0

Dia

gnos

tic

Acc

urac

y

989

100

05

10

497

925



74



Numeric Survival

Pass Fail

Classification


Replace Defer



Unambiguous Opaque


75





bull System Data


Test Data

Feature Extraction

Experience Library

Knowledge Rules

76

Data

Information



77

GoodPoor

750

250 281

719

1000

1975 1979

1982





78


Testing Sites

79





80




at U0 [10-3]


U0 [10-3]

Mean VLF-TD

at U0 [10-3]

No Action

Required (Best 80 )


Further Study

005 to 05 Or

5 to 80 Or

4 to 50

Action Required


Knowledge Rule


81



82

10001001001

100000

10000

1000

100

010

00110001001001


TD Uo [E-3]

Tip

Up (

15U

o -

05U

o) [

E-3]


4 50

5

80



83

Evergreen Glenwood


Action Required133

Further Study267


1986 Vintage12 Ckts




84

302520151050

1000

100

10

1


Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]Voltage


Tip Up Mean Tan δ



85

302520151050

1000

100

10

1


Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]Voltage


Tip Up Mean Tan δ


Wet Circuits

86




87



and 10 mins (E-3)



Mean VLF-TD at





88

302520151050-5

10

1

Test Time [min]

Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]Voltage

Test

Stability15Uo=27E-3


Snopud Segment 6912



302520151050-5

10

1

Test Time [min]

Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

05101522

[Uo]Voltage

Test

Snopud Segment 6912

0 to 10 mins

89


Change in Tan Delta

between 0 and 10

mins (E-3)

VLF-TD Stability


at Maintenance

Level [10-3]

Mean VLF-TD at





0 to 30 mins

90

302520151050-5

10

1

Test Time [min]

Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

05101522

[Uo]Voltage

Test

Snopud 6912



91

302520151050

1000

100

10

1


Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]_2Voltage


Mean Tan δ


302520151050

1000

100

10

1


Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]Voltage

Test


92


Mean Tan δ




at U0 [10-3]


[10-3]

Mean VLF-TD

at U0 [10-3]

No Action


Further Study

005 to

05 Or

5 to 80 Or

4 to 50



93

05

50

0 1 2




Nigel Hampton

Bruce Olson

94


SUMMARY





95


Slide Number 2

Outline

Test Types

Field Tests

Commissioning




Slide Number 10

Diagnostics



TDR Equipment


Slide Number 16



Slide Number 19

VLF Waveforms


Setup

Slide Number 23



TD Assesment

Tan δ Equipment


Setup















Slide Number 44

Slide Number 45

Setup

Slide Number 47



PD Pulse



Setup

Online PD Equipment




Slide Number 58


Safe

Effective

Useful

Valuable


Lengths Tested



Accuracy



Accuracies


All Accuracies






Testing Sites







Wet Circuits



0 to 10 mins

0 to 30 mins




Slide Number 94

SUMMARY


Nigel Hampton

58



59


60

Safe


61

Effective


62

Useful


63

Valuable



VLF DC Tan Delta

PD On PD Off TDR

IRC DAC


Category


65

Lengths Tested


Perc

ent

100

75

50

25

00100000100001000100

100000100001000100

100

75

50

25

00

PD Tan D

VLF Withstand



Median 3500 ft


TDR




56

Splices371 Cable

562



Percentage

C1

16144

23137

1519241121

20106

173

229

121858

21

100806040200


Uti

lity


Accuracy

68









Accuracies

212019181716151413121110987654321

100

80

60

40

20

0212019181716151413121110987654321

No Action Accuracy

Dataset

Dia

gnos

tic

Acc

urac

y

Action Accuracy

212019181716151413121110987654321

100

80

60

40

20

0212019181716151413121110987654321

No Action Accuracy

Dataset

Dia

gnos

tic

Acc

urac

y

Action Accuracy

212019181716151413121110987654321

100

80

60

40

20

0212019181716151413121110987654321

No Action Accuracy

Dataset

Dia

gnos

tic

Acc

urac

y




Not ActAct

100

80

60

40

20

0

Test

s [

of

Tota

l]


All Accuracies


100

80

60

40

20

0

Dia

gnos

tic

Acc

urac

y

989

100

05

10

497

925



74



Numeric Survival

Pass Fail

Classification


Replace Defer



Unambiguous Opaque


75





bull System Data


Test Data

Feature Extraction

Experience Library

Knowledge Rules

76

Data

Information



77

GoodPoor

750

250 281

719

1000

1975 1979

1982





78


Testing Sites

79





80




at U0 [10-3]


U0 [10-3]

Mean VLF-TD

at U0 [10-3]

No Action

Required (Best 80 )


Further Study

005 to 05 Or

5 to 80 Or

4 to 50

Action Required


Knowledge Rule


81



82

10001001001

100000

10000

1000

100

010

00110001001001


TD Uo [E-3]

Tip

Up (

15U

o -

05U

o) [

E-3]


4 50

5

80



83

Evergreen Glenwood


Action Required133

Further Study267


1986 Vintage12 Ckts




84

302520151050

1000

100

10

1


Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]Voltage


Tip Up Mean Tan δ



85

302520151050

1000

100

10

1


Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]Voltage


Tip Up Mean Tan δ


Wet Circuits

86




87



and 10 mins (E-3)



Mean VLF-TD at





88

302520151050-5

10

1

Test Time [min]

Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]Voltage

Test

Stability15Uo=27E-3


Snopud Segment 6912



302520151050-5

10

1

Test Time [min]

Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

05101522

[Uo]Voltage

Test

Snopud Segment 6912

0 to 10 mins

89


Change in Tan Delta

between 0 and 10

mins (E-3)

VLF-TD Stability


at Maintenance

Level [10-3]

Mean VLF-TD at





0 to 30 mins

90

302520151050-5

10

1

Test Time [min]

Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

05101522

[Uo]Voltage

Test

Snopud 6912



91

302520151050

1000

100

10

1


Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]_2Voltage


Mean Tan δ


302520151050

1000

100

10

1


Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]Voltage

Test


92


Mean Tan δ




at U0 [10-3]


[10-3]

Mean VLF-TD

at U0 [10-3]

No Action


Further Study

005 to

05 Or

5 to 80 Or

4 to 50



93

05

50

0 1 2




Nigel Hampton

Bruce Olson

94


SUMMARY





95


Slide Number 2

Outline

Test Types

Field Tests

Commissioning




Slide Number 10

Diagnostics



TDR Equipment


Slide Number 16



Slide Number 19

VLF Waveforms


Setup

Slide Number 23



TD Assesment

Tan δ Equipment


Setup















Slide Number 44

Slide Number 45

Setup

Slide Number 47



PD Pulse



Setup

Online PD Equipment




Slide Number 58


Safe

Effective

Useful

Valuable


Lengths Tested



Accuracy



Accuracies


All Accuracies






Testing Sites







Wet Circuits



0 to 10 mins

0 to 30 mins




Slide Number 94

SUMMARY



59


60

Safe


61

Effective


62

Useful


63

Valuable



VLF DC Tan Delta

PD On PD Off TDR

IRC DAC


Category


65

Lengths Tested


Perc

ent

100

75

50

25

00100000100001000100

100000100001000100

100

75

50

25

00

PD Tan D

VLF Withstand



Median 3500 ft


TDR




56

Splices371 Cable

562



Percentage

C1

16144

23137

1519241121

20106

173

229

121858

21

100806040200


Uti

lity


Accuracy

68









Accuracies

212019181716151413121110987654321

100

80

60

40

20

0212019181716151413121110987654321

No Action Accuracy

Dataset

Dia

gnos

tic

Acc

urac

y

Action Accuracy

212019181716151413121110987654321

100

80

60

40

20

0212019181716151413121110987654321

No Action Accuracy

Dataset

Dia

gnos

tic

Acc

urac

y

Action Accuracy

212019181716151413121110987654321

100

80

60

40

20

0212019181716151413121110987654321

No Action Accuracy

Dataset

Dia

gnos

tic

Acc

urac

y




Not ActAct

100

80

60

40

20

0

Test

s [

of

Tota

l]


All Accuracies


100

80

60

40

20

0

Dia

gnos

tic

Acc

urac

y

989

100

05

10

497

925



74



Numeric Survival

Pass Fail

Classification


Replace Defer



Unambiguous Opaque


75





bull System Data


Test Data

Feature Extraction

Experience Library

Knowledge Rules

76

Data

Information



77

GoodPoor

750

250 281

719

1000

1975 1979

1982





78


Testing Sites

79





80




at U0 [10-3]


U0 [10-3]

Mean VLF-TD

at U0 [10-3]

No Action

Required (Best 80 )


Further Study

005 to 05 Or

5 to 80 Or

4 to 50

Action Required


Knowledge Rule


81



82

10001001001

100000

10000

1000

100

010

00110001001001


TD Uo [E-3]

Tip

Up (

15U

o -

05U

o) [

E-3]


4 50

5

80



83

Evergreen Glenwood


Action Required133

Further Study267


1986 Vintage12 Ckts




84

302520151050

1000

100

10

1


Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]Voltage


Tip Up Mean Tan δ



85

302520151050

1000

100

10

1


Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]Voltage


Tip Up Mean Tan δ


Wet Circuits

86




87



and 10 mins (E-3)



Mean VLF-TD at





88

302520151050-5

10

1

Test Time [min]

Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]Voltage

Test

Stability15Uo=27E-3


Snopud Segment 6912



302520151050-5

10

1

Test Time [min]

Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

05101522

[Uo]Voltage

Test

Snopud Segment 6912

0 to 10 mins

89


Change in Tan Delta

between 0 and 10

mins (E-3)

VLF-TD Stability


at Maintenance

Level [10-3]

Mean VLF-TD at





0 to 30 mins

90

302520151050-5

10

1

Test Time [min]

Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

05101522

[Uo]Voltage

Test

Snopud 6912



91

302520151050

1000

100

10

1


Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]_2Voltage


Mean Tan δ


302520151050

1000

100

10

1


Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]Voltage

Test


92


Mean Tan δ




at U0 [10-3]


[10-3]

Mean VLF-TD

at U0 [10-3]

No Action


Further Study

005 to

05 Or

5 to 80 Or

4 to 50



93

05

50

0 1 2




Nigel Hampton

Bruce Olson

94


SUMMARY





95


Slide Number 2

Outline

Test Types

Field Tests

Commissioning




Slide Number 10

Diagnostics



TDR Equipment


Slide Number 16



Slide Number 19

VLF Waveforms


Setup

Slide Number 23



TD Assesment

Tan δ Equipment


Setup















Slide Number 44

Slide Number 45

Setup

Slide Number 47



PD Pulse



Setup

Online PD Equipment




Slide Number 58


Safe

Effective

Useful

Valuable


Lengths Tested



Accuracy



Accuracies


All Accuracies






Testing Sites







Wet Circuits



0 to 10 mins

0 to 30 mins




Slide Number 94

SUMMARY


60

Safe


61

Effective


62

Useful


63

Valuable



VLF DC Tan Delta

PD On PD Off TDR

IRC DAC


Category


65

Lengths Tested


Perc

ent

100

75

50

25

00100000100001000100

100000100001000100

100

75

50

25

00

PD Tan D

VLF Withstand



Median 3500 ft


TDR




56

Splices371 Cable

562



Percentage

C1

16144

23137

1519241121

20106

173

229

121858

21

100806040200


Uti

lity


Accuracy

68









Accuracies

212019181716151413121110987654321

100

80

60

40

20

0212019181716151413121110987654321

No Action Accuracy

Dataset

Dia

gnos

tic

Acc

urac

y

Action Accuracy

212019181716151413121110987654321

100

80

60

40

20

0212019181716151413121110987654321

No Action Accuracy

Dataset

Dia

gnos

tic

Acc

urac

y

Action Accuracy

212019181716151413121110987654321

100

80

60

40

20

0212019181716151413121110987654321

No Action Accuracy

Dataset

Dia

gnos

tic

Acc

urac

y




Not ActAct

100

80

60

40

20

0

Test

s [

of

Tota

l]


All Accuracies


100

80

60

40

20

0

Dia

gnos

tic

Acc

urac

y

989

100

05

10

497

925



74



Numeric Survival

Pass Fail

Classification


Replace Defer



Unambiguous Opaque


75





bull System Data


Test Data

Feature Extraction

Experience Library

Knowledge Rules

76

Data

Information



77

GoodPoor

750

250 281

719

1000

1975 1979

1982





78


Testing Sites

79





80




at U0 [10-3]


U0 [10-3]

Mean VLF-TD

at U0 [10-3]

No Action

Required (Best 80 )


Further Study

005 to 05 Or

5 to 80 Or

4 to 50

Action Required


Knowledge Rule


81



82

10001001001

100000

10000

1000

100

010

00110001001001


TD Uo [E-3]

Tip

Up (

15U

o -

05U

o) [

E-3]


4 50

5

80



83

Evergreen Glenwood


Action Required133

Further Study267


1986 Vintage12 Ckts




84

302520151050

1000

100

10

1


Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]Voltage


Tip Up Mean Tan δ



85

302520151050

1000

100

10

1


Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]Voltage


Tip Up Mean Tan δ


Wet Circuits

86




87



and 10 mins (E-3)



Mean VLF-TD at





88

302520151050-5

10

1

Test Time [min]

Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]Voltage

Test

Stability15Uo=27E-3


Snopud Segment 6912



302520151050-5

10

1

Test Time [min]

Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

05101522

[Uo]Voltage

Test

Snopud Segment 6912

0 to 10 mins

89


Change in Tan Delta

between 0 and 10

mins (E-3)

VLF-TD Stability


at Maintenance

Level [10-3]

Mean VLF-TD at





0 to 30 mins

90

302520151050-5

10

1

Test Time [min]

Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

05101522

[Uo]Voltage

Test

Snopud 6912



91

302520151050

1000

100

10

1


Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]_2Voltage


Mean Tan δ


302520151050

1000

100

10

1


Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]Voltage

Test


92


Mean Tan δ




at U0 [10-3]


[10-3]

Mean VLF-TD

at U0 [10-3]

No Action


Further Study

005 to

05 Or

5 to 80 Or

4 to 50



93

05

50

0 1 2




Nigel Hampton

Bruce Olson

94


SUMMARY





95


Slide Number 2

Outline

Test Types

Field Tests

Commissioning




Slide Number 10

Diagnostics



TDR Equipment


Slide Number 16



Slide Number 19

VLF Waveforms


Setup

Slide Number 23



TD Assesment

Tan δ Equipment


Setup















Slide Number 44

Slide Number 45

Setup

Slide Number 47



PD Pulse



Setup

Online PD Equipment




Slide Number 58


Safe

Effective

Useful

Valuable


Lengths Tested



Accuracy



Accuracies


All Accuracies






Testing Sites







Wet Circuits



0 to 10 mins

0 to 30 mins




Slide Number 94

SUMMARY


61

Effective


62

Useful


63

Valuable



VLF DC Tan Delta

PD On PD Off TDR

IRC DAC


Category


65

Lengths Tested


Perc

ent

100

75

50

25

00100000100001000100

100000100001000100

100

75

50

25

00

PD Tan D

VLF Withstand



Median 3500 ft


TDR




56

Splices371 Cable

562



Percentage

C1

16144

23137

1519241121

20106

173

229

121858

21

100806040200


Uti

lity


Accuracy

68









Accuracies

212019181716151413121110987654321

100

80

60

40

20

0212019181716151413121110987654321

No Action Accuracy

Dataset

Dia

gnos

tic

Acc

urac

y

Action Accuracy

212019181716151413121110987654321

100

80

60

40

20

0212019181716151413121110987654321

No Action Accuracy

Dataset

Dia

gnos

tic

Acc

urac

y

Action Accuracy

212019181716151413121110987654321

100

80

60

40

20

0212019181716151413121110987654321

No Action Accuracy

Dataset

Dia

gnos

tic

Acc

urac

y




Not ActAct

100

80

60

40

20

0

Test

s [

of

Tota

l]


All Accuracies


100

80

60

40

20

0

Dia

gnos

tic

Acc

urac

y

989

100

05

10

497

925



74



Numeric Survival

Pass Fail

Classification


Replace Defer



Unambiguous Opaque


75





bull System Data


Test Data

Feature Extraction

Experience Library

Knowledge Rules

76

Data

Information



77

GoodPoor

750

250 281

719

1000

1975 1979

1982





78


Testing Sites

79





80




at U0 [10-3]


U0 [10-3]

Mean VLF-TD

at U0 [10-3]

No Action

Required (Best 80 )


Further Study

005 to 05 Or

5 to 80 Or

4 to 50

Action Required


Knowledge Rule


81



82

10001001001

100000

10000

1000

100

010

00110001001001


TD Uo [E-3]

Tip

Up (

15U

o -

05U

o) [

E-3]


4 50

5

80



83

Evergreen Glenwood


Action Required133

Further Study267


1986 Vintage12 Ckts




84

302520151050

1000

100

10

1


Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]Voltage


Tip Up Mean Tan δ



85

302520151050

1000

100

10

1


Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]Voltage


Tip Up Mean Tan δ


Wet Circuits

86




87



and 10 mins (E-3)



Mean VLF-TD at





88

302520151050-5

10

1

Test Time [min]

Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]Voltage

Test

Stability15Uo=27E-3


Snopud Segment 6912



302520151050-5

10

1

Test Time [min]

Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

05101522

[Uo]Voltage

Test

Snopud Segment 6912

0 to 10 mins

89


Change in Tan Delta

between 0 and 10

mins (E-3)

VLF-TD Stability


at Maintenance

Level [10-3]

Mean VLF-TD at





0 to 30 mins

90

302520151050-5

10

1

Test Time [min]

Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

05101522

[Uo]Voltage

Test

Snopud 6912



91

302520151050

1000

100

10

1


Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]_2Voltage


Mean Tan δ


302520151050

1000

100

10

1


Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]Voltage

Test


92


Mean Tan δ




at U0 [10-3]


[10-3]

Mean VLF-TD

at U0 [10-3]

No Action


Further Study

005 to

05 Or

5 to 80 Or

4 to 50



93

05

50

0 1 2




Nigel Hampton

Bruce Olson

94


SUMMARY





95


Slide Number 2

Outline

Test Types

Field Tests

Commissioning




Slide Number 10

Diagnostics



TDR Equipment


Slide Number 16



Slide Number 19

VLF Waveforms


Setup

Slide Number 23



TD Assesment

Tan δ Equipment


Setup















Slide Number 44

Slide Number 45

Setup

Slide Number 47



PD Pulse



Setup

Online PD Equipment




Slide Number 58


Safe

Effective

Useful

Valuable


Lengths Tested



Accuracy



Accuracies


All Accuracies






Testing Sites







Wet Circuits



0 to 10 mins

0 to 30 mins




Slide Number 94

SUMMARY


62

Useful


63

Valuable



VLF DC Tan Delta

PD On PD Off TDR

IRC DAC


Category


65

Lengths Tested


Perc

ent

100

75

50

25

00100000100001000100

100000100001000100

100

75

50

25

00

PD Tan D

VLF Withstand



Median 3500 ft


TDR




56

Splices371 Cable

562



Percentage

C1

16144

23137

1519241121

20106

173

229

121858

21

100806040200


Uti

lity


Accuracy

68









Accuracies

212019181716151413121110987654321

100

80

60

40

20

0212019181716151413121110987654321

No Action Accuracy

Dataset

Dia

gnos

tic

Acc

urac

y

Action Accuracy

212019181716151413121110987654321

100

80

60

40

20

0212019181716151413121110987654321

No Action Accuracy

Dataset

Dia

gnos

tic

Acc

urac

y

Action Accuracy

212019181716151413121110987654321

100

80

60

40

20

0212019181716151413121110987654321

No Action Accuracy

Dataset

Dia

gnos

tic

Acc

urac

y




Not ActAct

100

80

60

40

20

0

Test

s [

of

Tota

l]


All Accuracies


100

80

60

40

20

0

Dia

gnos

tic

Acc

urac

y

989

100

05

10

497

925



74



Numeric Survival

Pass Fail

Classification


Replace Defer



Unambiguous Opaque


75





bull System Data


Test Data

Feature Extraction

Experience Library

Knowledge Rules

76

Data

Information



77

GoodPoor

750

250 281

719

1000

1975 1979

1982





78


Testing Sites

79





80




at U0 [10-3]


U0 [10-3]

Mean VLF-TD

at U0 [10-3]

No Action

Required (Best 80 )


Further Study

005 to 05 Or

5 to 80 Or

4 to 50

Action Required


Knowledge Rule


81



82

10001001001

100000

10000

1000

100

010

00110001001001


TD Uo [E-3]

Tip

Up (

15U

o -

05U

o) [

E-3]


4 50

5

80



83

Evergreen Glenwood


Action Required133

Further Study267


1986 Vintage12 Ckts




84

302520151050

1000

100

10

1


Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]Voltage


Tip Up Mean Tan δ



85

302520151050

1000

100

10

1


Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]Voltage


Tip Up Mean Tan δ


Wet Circuits

86




87



and 10 mins (E-3)



Mean VLF-TD at





88

302520151050-5

10

1

Test Time [min]

Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]Voltage

Test

Stability15Uo=27E-3


Snopud Segment 6912



302520151050-5

10

1

Test Time [min]

Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

05101522

[Uo]Voltage

Test

Snopud Segment 6912

0 to 10 mins

89


Change in Tan Delta

between 0 and 10

mins (E-3)

VLF-TD Stability


at Maintenance

Level [10-3]

Mean VLF-TD at





0 to 30 mins

90

302520151050-5

10

1

Test Time [min]

Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

05101522

[Uo]Voltage

Test

Snopud 6912



91

302520151050

1000

100

10

1


Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]_2Voltage


Mean Tan δ


302520151050

1000

100

10

1


Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]Voltage

Test


92


Mean Tan δ




at U0 [10-3]


[10-3]

Mean VLF-TD

at U0 [10-3]

No Action


Further Study

005 to

05 Or

5 to 80 Or

4 to 50



93

05

50

0 1 2




Nigel Hampton

Bruce Olson

94


SUMMARY





95


Slide Number 2

Outline

Test Types

Field Tests

Commissioning




Slide Number 10

Diagnostics



TDR Equipment


Slide Number 16



Slide Number 19

VLF Waveforms


Setup

Slide Number 23



TD Assesment

Tan δ Equipment


Setup















Slide Number 44

Slide Number 45

Setup

Slide Number 47



PD Pulse



Setup

Online PD Equipment




Slide Number 58


Safe

Effective

Useful

Valuable


Lengths Tested



Accuracy



Accuracies


All Accuracies






Testing Sites







Wet Circuits



0 to 10 mins

0 to 30 mins




Slide Number 94

SUMMARY


63

Valuable



VLF DC Tan Delta

PD On PD Off TDR

IRC DAC


Category


65

Lengths Tested


Perc

ent

100

75

50

25

00100000100001000100

100000100001000100

100

75

50

25

00

PD Tan D

VLF Withstand



Median 3500 ft


TDR




56

Splices371 Cable

562



Percentage

C1

16144

23137

1519241121

20106

173

229

121858

21

100806040200


Uti

lity


Accuracy

68









Accuracies

212019181716151413121110987654321

100

80

60

40

20

0212019181716151413121110987654321

No Action Accuracy

Dataset

Dia

gnos

tic

Acc

urac

y

Action Accuracy

212019181716151413121110987654321

100

80

60

40

20

0212019181716151413121110987654321

No Action Accuracy

Dataset

Dia

gnos

tic

Acc

urac

y

Action Accuracy

212019181716151413121110987654321

100

80

60

40

20

0212019181716151413121110987654321

No Action Accuracy

Dataset

Dia

gnos

tic

Acc

urac

y




Not ActAct

100

80

60

40

20

0

Test

s [

of

Tota

l]


All Accuracies


100

80

60

40

20

0

Dia

gnos

tic

Acc

urac

y

989

100

05

10

497

925



74



Numeric Survival

Pass Fail

Classification


Replace Defer



Unambiguous Opaque


75





bull System Data


Test Data

Feature Extraction

Experience Library

Knowledge Rules

76

Data

Information



77

GoodPoor

750

250 281

719

1000

1975 1979

1982





78


Testing Sites

79





80




at U0 [10-3]


U0 [10-3]

Mean VLF-TD

at U0 [10-3]

No Action

Required (Best 80 )


Further Study

005 to 05 Or

5 to 80 Or

4 to 50

Action Required


Knowledge Rule


81



82

10001001001

100000

10000

1000

100

010

00110001001001


TD Uo [E-3]

Tip

Up (

15U

o -

05U

o) [

E-3]


4 50

5

80



83

Evergreen Glenwood


Action Required133

Further Study267


1986 Vintage12 Ckts




84

302520151050

1000

100

10

1


Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]Voltage


Tip Up Mean Tan δ



85

302520151050

1000

100

10

1


Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]Voltage


Tip Up Mean Tan δ


Wet Circuits

86




87



and 10 mins (E-3)



Mean VLF-TD at





88

302520151050-5

10

1

Test Time [min]

Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]Voltage

Test

Stability15Uo=27E-3


Snopud Segment 6912



302520151050-5

10

1

Test Time [min]

Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

05101522

[Uo]Voltage

Test

Snopud Segment 6912

0 to 10 mins

89


Change in Tan Delta

between 0 and 10

mins (E-3)

VLF-TD Stability


at Maintenance

Level [10-3]

Mean VLF-TD at





0 to 30 mins

90

302520151050-5

10

1

Test Time [min]

Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

05101522

[Uo]Voltage

Test

Snopud 6912



91

302520151050

1000

100

10

1


Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]_2Voltage


Mean Tan δ


302520151050

1000

100

10

1


Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]Voltage

Test


92


Mean Tan δ




at U0 [10-3]


[10-3]

Mean VLF-TD

at U0 [10-3]

No Action


Further Study

005 to

05 Or

5 to 80 Or

4 to 50



93

05

50

0 1 2




Nigel Hampton

Bruce Olson

94


SUMMARY





95


Slide Number 2

Outline

Test Types

Field Tests

Commissioning




Slide Number 10

Diagnostics



TDR Equipment


Slide Number 16



Slide Number 19

VLF Waveforms


Setup

Slide Number 23



TD Assesment

Tan δ Equipment


Setup















Slide Number 44

Slide Number 45

Setup

Slide Number 47



PD Pulse



Setup

Online PD Equipment




Slide Number 58


Safe

Effective

Useful

Valuable


Lengths Tested



Accuracy



Accuracies


All Accuracies






Testing Sites







Wet Circuits



0 to 10 mins

0 to 30 mins




Slide Number 94

SUMMARY



VLF DC Tan Delta

PD On PD Off TDR

IRC DAC


Category


65

Lengths Tested


Perc

ent

100

75

50

25

00100000100001000100

100000100001000100

100

75

50

25

00

PD Tan D

VLF Withstand



Median 3500 ft


TDR




56

Splices371 Cable

562



Percentage

C1

16144

23137

1519241121

20106

173

229

121858

21

100806040200


Uti

lity


Accuracy

68









Accuracies

212019181716151413121110987654321

100

80

60

40

20

0212019181716151413121110987654321

No Action Accuracy

Dataset

Dia

gnos

tic

Acc

urac

y

Action Accuracy

212019181716151413121110987654321

100

80

60

40

20

0212019181716151413121110987654321

No Action Accuracy

Dataset

Dia

gnos

tic

Acc

urac

y

Action Accuracy

212019181716151413121110987654321

100

80

60

40

20

0212019181716151413121110987654321

No Action Accuracy

Dataset

Dia

gnos

tic

Acc

urac

y




Not ActAct

100

80

60

40

20

0

Test

s [

of

Tota

l]


All Accuracies


100

80

60

40

20

0

Dia

gnos

tic

Acc

urac

y

989

100

05

10

497

925



74



Numeric Survival

Pass Fail

Classification


Replace Defer



Unambiguous Opaque


75





bull System Data


Test Data

Feature Extraction

Experience Library

Knowledge Rules

76

Data

Information



77

GoodPoor

750

250 281

719

1000

1975 1979

1982





78


Testing Sites

79





80




at U0 [10-3]


U0 [10-3]

Mean VLF-TD

at U0 [10-3]

No Action

Required (Best 80 )


Further Study

005 to 05 Or

5 to 80 Or

4 to 50

Action Required


Knowledge Rule


81



82

10001001001

100000

10000

1000

100

010

00110001001001


TD Uo [E-3]

Tip

Up (

15U

o -

05U

o) [

E-3]


4 50

5

80



83

Evergreen Glenwood


Action Required133

Further Study267


1986 Vintage12 Ckts




84

302520151050

1000

100

10

1


Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]Voltage


Tip Up Mean Tan δ



85

302520151050

1000

100

10

1


Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]Voltage


Tip Up Mean Tan δ


Wet Circuits

86




87



and 10 mins (E-3)



Mean VLF-TD at





88

302520151050-5

10

1

Test Time [min]

Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]Voltage

Test

Stability15Uo=27E-3


Snopud Segment 6912



302520151050-5

10

1

Test Time [min]

Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

05101522

[Uo]Voltage

Test

Snopud Segment 6912

0 to 10 mins

89


Change in Tan Delta

between 0 and 10

mins (E-3)

VLF-TD Stability


at Maintenance

Level [10-3]

Mean VLF-TD at





0 to 30 mins

90

302520151050-5

10

1

Test Time [min]

Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

05101522

[Uo]Voltage

Test

Snopud 6912



91

302520151050

1000

100

10

1


Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]_2Voltage


Mean Tan δ


302520151050

1000

100

10

1


Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]Voltage

Test


92


Mean Tan δ




at U0 [10-3]


[10-3]

Mean VLF-TD

at U0 [10-3]

No Action


Further Study

005 to

05 Or

5 to 80 Or

4 to 50



93

05

50

0 1 2




Nigel Hampton

Bruce Olson

94


SUMMARY





95


Slide Number 2

Outline

Test Types

Field Tests

Commissioning




Slide Number 10

Diagnostics



TDR Equipment


Slide Number 16



Slide Number 19

VLF Waveforms


Setup

Slide Number 23



TD Assesment

Tan δ Equipment


Setup















Slide Number 44

Slide Number 45

Setup

Slide Number 47



PD Pulse



Setup

Online PD Equipment




Slide Number 58


Safe

Effective

Useful

Valuable


Lengths Tested



Accuracy



Accuracies


All Accuracies






Testing Sites







Wet Circuits



0 to 10 mins

0 to 30 mins




Slide Number 94

SUMMARY


65

Lengths Tested


Perc

ent

100

75

50

25

00100000100001000100

100000100001000100

100

75

50

25

00

PD Tan D

VLF Withstand



Median 3500 ft


TDR




56

Splices371 Cable

562



Percentage

C1

16144

23137

1519241121

20106

173

229

121858

21

100806040200


Uti

lity


Accuracy

68









Accuracies

212019181716151413121110987654321

100

80

60

40

20

0212019181716151413121110987654321

No Action Accuracy

Dataset

Dia

gnos

tic

Acc

urac

y

Action Accuracy

212019181716151413121110987654321

100

80

60

40

20

0212019181716151413121110987654321

No Action Accuracy

Dataset

Dia

gnos

tic

Acc

urac

y

Action Accuracy

212019181716151413121110987654321

100

80

60

40

20

0212019181716151413121110987654321

No Action Accuracy

Dataset

Dia

gnos

tic

Acc

urac

y




Not ActAct

100

80

60

40

20

0

Test

s [

of

Tota

l]


All Accuracies


100

80

60

40

20

0

Dia

gnos

tic

Acc

urac

y

989

100

05

10

497

925



74



Numeric Survival

Pass Fail

Classification


Replace Defer



Unambiguous Opaque


75





bull System Data


Test Data

Feature Extraction

Experience Library

Knowledge Rules

76

Data

Information



77

GoodPoor

750

250 281

719

1000

1975 1979

1982





78


Testing Sites

79





80




at U0 [10-3]


U0 [10-3]

Mean VLF-TD

at U0 [10-3]

No Action

Required (Best 80 )


Further Study

005 to 05 Or

5 to 80 Or

4 to 50

Action Required


Knowledge Rule


81



82

10001001001

100000

10000

1000

100

010

00110001001001


TD Uo [E-3]

Tip

Up (

15U

o -

05U

o) [

E-3]


4 50

5

80



83

Evergreen Glenwood


Action Required133

Further Study267


1986 Vintage12 Ckts




84

302520151050

1000

100

10

1


Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]Voltage


Tip Up Mean Tan δ



85

302520151050

1000

100

10

1


Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]Voltage


Tip Up Mean Tan δ


Wet Circuits

86




87



and 10 mins (E-3)



Mean VLF-TD at





88

302520151050-5

10

1

Test Time [min]

Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]Voltage

Test

Stability15Uo=27E-3


Snopud Segment 6912



302520151050-5

10

1

Test Time [min]

Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

05101522

[Uo]Voltage

Test

Snopud Segment 6912

0 to 10 mins

89


Change in Tan Delta

between 0 and 10

mins (E-3)

VLF-TD Stability


at Maintenance

Level [10-3]

Mean VLF-TD at





0 to 30 mins

90

302520151050-5

10

1

Test Time [min]

Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

05101522

[Uo]Voltage

Test

Snopud 6912



91

302520151050

1000

100

10

1


Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]_2Voltage


Mean Tan δ


302520151050

1000

100

10

1


Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]Voltage

Test


92


Mean Tan δ




at U0 [10-3]


[10-3]

Mean VLF-TD

at U0 [10-3]

No Action


Further Study

005 to

05 Or

5 to 80 Or

4 to 50



93

05

50

0 1 2




Nigel Hampton

Bruce Olson

94


SUMMARY





95


Slide Number 2

Outline

Test Types

Field Tests

Commissioning




Slide Number 10

Diagnostics



TDR Equipment


Slide Number 16



Slide Number 19

VLF Waveforms


Setup

Slide Number 23



TD Assesment

Tan δ Equipment


Setup















Slide Number 44

Slide Number 45

Setup

Slide Number 47



PD Pulse



Setup

Online PD Equipment




Slide Number 58


Safe

Effective

Useful

Valuable


Lengths Tested



Accuracy



Accuracies


All Accuracies






Testing Sites







Wet Circuits



0 to 10 mins

0 to 30 mins




Slide Number 94

SUMMARY




56

Splices371 Cable

562



Percentage

C1

16144

23137

1519241121

20106

173

229

121858

21

100806040200


Uti

lity


Accuracy

68









Accuracies

212019181716151413121110987654321

100

80

60

40

20

0212019181716151413121110987654321

No Action Accuracy

Dataset

Dia

gnos

tic

Acc

urac

y

Action Accuracy

212019181716151413121110987654321

100

80

60

40

20

0212019181716151413121110987654321

No Action Accuracy

Dataset

Dia

gnos

tic

Acc

urac

y

Action Accuracy

212019181716151413121110987654321

100

80

60

40

20

0212019181716151413121110987654321

No Action Accuracy

Dataset

Dia

gnos

tic

Acc

urac

y




Not ActAct

100

80

60

40

20

0

Test

s [

of

Tota

l]


All Accuracies


100

80

60

40

20

0

Dia

gnos

tic

Acc

urac

y

989

100

05

10

497

925



74



Numeric Survival

Pass Fail

Classification


Replace Defer



Unambiguous Opaque


75





bull System Data


Test Data

Feature Extraction

Experience Library

Knowledge Rules

76

Data

Information



77

GoodPoor

750

250 281

719

1000

1975 1979

1982





78


Testing Sites

79





80




at U0 [10-3]


U0 [10-3]

Mean VLF-TD

at U0 [10-3]

No Action

Required (Best 80 )


Further Study

005 to 05 Or

5 to 80 Or

4 to 50

Action Required


Knowledge Rule


81



82

10001001001

100000

10000

1000

100

010

00110001001001


TD Uo [E-3]

Tip

Up (

15U

o -

05U

o) [

E-3]


4 50

5

80



83

Evergreen Glenwood


Action Required133

Further Study267


1986 Vintage12 Ckts




84

302520151050

1000

100

10

1


Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]Voltage


Tip Up Mean Tan δ



85

302520151050

1000

100

10

1


Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]Voltage


Tip Up Mean Tan δ


Wet Circuits

86




87



and 10 mins (E-3)



Mean VLF-TD at





88

302520151050-5

10

1

Test Time [min]

Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]Voltage

Test

Stability15Uo=27E-3


Snopud Segment 6912



302520151050-5

10

1

Test Time [min]

Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

05101522

[Uo]Voltage

Test

Snopud Segment 6912

0 to 10 mins

89


Change in Tan Delta

between 0 and 10

mins (E-3)

VLF-TD Stability


at Maintenance

Level [10-3]

Mean VLF-TD at





0 to 30 mins

90

302520151050-5

10

1

Test Time [min]

Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

05101522

[Uo]Voltage

Test

Snopud 6912



91

302520151050

1000

100

10

1


Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]_2Voltage


Mean Tan δ


302520151050

1000

100

10

1


Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]Voltage

Test


92


Mean Tan δ




at U0 [10-3]


[10-3]

Mean VLF-TD

at U0 [10-3]

No Action


Further Study

005 to

05 Or

5 to 80 Or

4 to 50



93

05

50

0 1 2




Nigel Hampton

Bruce Olson

94


SUMMARY





95


Slide Number 2

Outline

Test Types

Field Tests

Commissioning




Slide Number 10

Diagnostics



TDR Equipment


Slide Number 16



Slide Number 19

VLF Waveforms


Setup

Slide Number 23



TD Assesment

Tan δ Equipment


Setup















Slide Number 44

Slide Number 45

Setup

Slide Number 47



PD Pulse



Setup

Online PD Equipment




Slide Number 58


Safe

Effective

Useful

Valuable


Lengths Tested



Accuracy



Accuracies


All Accuracies






Testing Sites







Wet Circuits



0 to 10 mins

0 to 30 mins




Slide Number 94

SUMMARY



Percentage

C1

16144

23137

1519241121

20106

173

229

121858

21

100806040200


Uti

lity


Accuracy

68









Accuracies

212019181716151413121110987654321

100

80

60

40

20

0212019181716151413121110987654321

No Action Accuracy

Dataset

Dia

gnos

tic

Acc

urac

y

Action Accuracy

212019181716151413121110987654321

100

80

60

40

20

0212019181716151413121110987654321

No Action Accuracy

Dataset

Dia

gnos

tic

Acc

urac

y

Action Accuracy

212019181716151413121110987654321

100

80

60

40

20

0212019181716151413121110987654321

No Action Accuracy

Dataset

Dia

gnos

tic

Acc

urac

y




Not ActAct

100

80

60

40

20

0

Test

s [

of

Tota

l]


All Accuracies


100

80

60

40

20

0

Dia

gnos

tic

Acc

urac

y

989

100

05

10

497

925



74



Numeric Survival

Pass Fail

Classification


Replace Defer



Unambiguous Opaque


75





bull System Data


Test Data

Feature Extraction

Experience Library

Knowledge Rules

76

Data

Information



77

GoodPoor

750

250 281

719

1000

1975 1979

1982





78


Testing Sites

79





80




at U0 [10-3]


U0 [10-3]

Mean VLF-TD

at U0 [10-3]

No Action

Required (Best 80 )


Further Study

005 to 05 Or

5 to 80 Or

4 to 50

Action Required


Knowledge Rule


81



82

10001001001

100000

10000

1000

100

010

00110001001001


TD Uo [E-3]

Tip

Up (

15U

o -

05U

o) [

E-3]


4 50

5

80



83

Evergreen Glenwood


Action Required133

Further Study267


1986 Vintage12 Ckts




84

302520151050

1000

100

10

1


Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]Voltage


Tip Up Mean Tan δ



85

302520151050

1000

100

10

1


Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]Voltage


Tip Up Mean Tan δ


Wet Circuits

86




87



and 10 mins (E-3)



Mean VLF-TD at





88

302520151050-5

10

1

Test Time [min]

Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]Voltage

Test

Stability15Uo=27E-3


Snopud Segment 6912



302520151050-5

10

1

Test Time [min]

Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

05101522

[Uo]Voltage

Test

Snopud Segment 6912

0 to 10 mins

89


Change in Tan Delta

between 0 and 10

mins (E-3)

VLF-TD Stability


at Maintenance

Level [10-3]

Mean VLF-TD at





0 to 30 mins

90

302520151050-5

10

1

Test Time [min]

Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

05101522

[Uo]Voltage

Test

Snopud 6912



91

302520151050

1000

100

10

1


Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]_2Voltage


Mean Tan δ


302520151050

1000

100

10

1


Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]Voltage

Test


92


Mean Tan δ




at U0 [10-3]


[10-3]

Mean VLF-TD

at U0 [10-3]

No Action


Further Study

005 to

05 Or

5 to 80 Or

4 to 50



93

05

50

0 1 2




Nigel Hampton

Bruce Olson

94


SUMMARY





95


Slide Number 2

Outline

Test Types

Field Tests

Commissioning




Slide Number 10

Diagnostics



TDR Equipment


Slide Number 16



Slide Number 19

VLF Waveforms


Setup

Slide Number 23



TD Assesment

Tan δ Equipment


Setup















Slide Number 44

Slide Number 45

Setup

Slide Number 47



PD Pulse



Setup

Online PD Equipment




Slide Number 58


Safe

Effective

Useful

Valuable


Lengths Tested



Accuracy



Accuracies


All Accuracies






Testing Sites







Wet Circuits



0 to 10 mins

0 to 30 mins




Slide Number 94

SUMMARY


Accuracy

68









Accuracies

212019181716151413121110987654321

100

80

60

40

20

0212019181716151413121110987654321

No Action Accuracy

Dataset

Dia

gnos

tic

Acc

urac

y

Action Accuracy

212019181716151413121110987654321

100

80

60

40

20

0212019181716151413121110987654321

No Action Accuracy

Dataset

Dia

gnos

tic

Acc

urac

y

Action Accuracy

212019181716151413121110987654321

100

80

60

40

20

0212019181716151413121110987654321

No Action Accuracy

Dataset

Dia

gnos

tic

Acc

urac

y




Not ActAct

100

80

60

40

20

0

Test

s [

of

Tota

l]


All Accuracies


100

80

60

40

20

0

Dia

gnos

tic

Acc

urac

y

989

100

05

10

497

925



74



Numeric Survival

Pass Fail

Classification


Replace Defer



Unambiguous Opaque


75





bull System Data


Test Data

Feature Extraction

Experience Library

Knowledge Rules

76

Data

Information



77

GoodPoor

750

250 281

719

1000

1975 1979

1982





78


Testing Sites

79





80




at U0 [10-3]


U0 [10-3]

Mean VLF-TD

at U0 [10-3]

No Action

Required (Best 80 )


Further Study

005 to 05 Or

5 to 80 Or

4 to 50

Action Required


Knowledge Rule


81



82

10001001001

100000

10000

1000

100

010

00110001001001


TD Uo [E-3]

Tip

Up (

15U

o -

05U

o) [

E-3]


4 50

5

80



83

Evergreen Glenwood


Action Required133

Further Study267


1986 Vintage12 Ckts




84

302520151050

1000

100

10

1


Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]Voltage


Tip Up Mean Tan δ



85

302520151050

1000

100

10

1


Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]Voltage


Tip Up Mean Tan δ


Wet Circuits

86




87



and 10 mins (E-3)



Mean VLF-TD at





88

302520151050-5

10

1

Test Time [min]

Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]Voltage

Test

Stability15Uo=27E-3


Snopud Segment 6912



302520151050-5

10

1

Test Time [min]

Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

05101522

[Uo]Voltage

Test

Snopud Segment 6912

0 to 10 mins

89


Change in Tan Delta

between 0 and 10

mins (E-3)

VLF-TD Stability


at Maintenance

Level [10-3]

Mean VLF-TD at





0 to 30 mins

90

302520151050-5

10

1

Test Time [min]

Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

05101522

[Uo]Voltage

Test

Snopud 6912



91

302520151050

1000

100

10

1


Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]_2Voltage


Mean Tan δ


302520151050

1000

100

10

1


Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]Voltage

Test


92


Mean Tan δ




at U0 [10-3]


[10-3]

Mean VLF-TD

at U0 [10-3]

No Action


Further Study

005 to

05 Or

5 to 80 Or

4 to 50



93

05

50

0 1 2




Nigel Hampton

Bruce Olson

94


SUMMARY





95


Slide Number 2

Outline

Test Types

Field Tests

Commissioning




Slide Number 10

Diagnostics



TDR Equipment


Slide Number 16



Slide Number 19

VLF Waveforms


Setup

Slide Number 23



TD Assesment

Tan δ Equipment


Setup















Slide Number 44

Slide Number 45

Setup

Slide Number 47



PD Pulse



Setup

Online PD Equipment




Slide Number 58


Safe

Effective

Useful

Valuable


Lengths Tested



Accuracy



Accuracies


All Accuracies






Testing Sites







Wet Circuits



0 to 10 mins

0 to 30 mins




Slide Number 94

SUMMARY









Accuracies

212019181716151413121110987654321

100

80

60

40

20

0212019181716151413121110987654321

No Action Accuracy

Dataset

Dia

gnos

tic

Acc

urac

y

Action Accuracy

212019181716151413121110987654321

100

80

60

40

20

0212019181716151413121110987654321

No Action Accuracy

Dataset

Dia

gnos

tic

Acc

urac

y

Action Accuracy

212019181716151413121110987654321

100

80

60

40

20

0212019181716151413121110987654321

No Action Accuracy

Dataset

Dia

gnos

tic

Acc

urac

y




Not ActAct

100

80

60

40

20

0

Test

s [

of

Tota

l]


All Accuracies


100

80

60

40

20

0

Dia

gnos

tic

Acc

urac

y

989

100

05

10

497

925



74



Numeric Survival

Pass Fail

Classification


Replace Defer



Unambiguous Opaque


75





bull System Data


Test Data

Feature Extraction

Experience Library

Knowledge Rules

76

Data

Information



77

GoodPoor

750

250 281

719

1000

1975 1979

1982





78


Testing Sites

79





80




at U0 [10-3]


U0 [10-3]

Mean VLF-TD

at U0 [10-3]

No Action

Required (Best 80 )


Further Study

005 to 05 Or

5 to 80 Or

4 to 50

Action Required


Knowledge Rule


81



82

10001001001

100000

10000

1000

100

010

00110001001001


TD Uo [E-3]

Tip

Up (

15U

o -

05U

o) [

E-3]


4 50

5

80



83

Evergreen Glenwood


Action Required133

Further Study267


1986 Vintage12 Ckts




84

302520151050

1000

100

10

1


Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]Voltage


Tip Up Mean Tan δ



85

302520151050

1000

100

10

1


Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]Voltage


Tip Up Mean Tan δ


Wet Circuits

86




87



and 10 mins (E-3)



Mean VLF-TD at





88

302520151050-5

10

1

Test Time [min]

Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]Voltage

Test

Stability15Uo=27E-3


Snopud Segment 6912



302520151050-5

10

1

Test Time [min]

Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

05101522

[Uo]Voltage

Test

Snopud Segment 6912

0 to 10 mins

89


Change in Tan Delta

between 0 and 10

mins (E-3)

VLF-TD Stability


at Maintenance

Level [10-3]

Mean VLF-TD at





0 to 30 mins

90

302520151050-5

10

1

Test Time [min]

Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

05101522

[Uo]Voltage

Test

Snopud 6912



91

302520151050

1000

100

10

1


Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]_2Voltage


Mean Tan δ


302520151050

1000

100

10

1


Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]Voltage

Test


92


Mean Tan δ




at U0 [10-3]


[10-3]

Mean VLF-TD

at U0 [10-3]

No Action


Further Study

005 to

05 Or

5 to 80 Or

4 to 50



93

05

50

0 1 2




Nigel Hampton

Bruce Olson

94


SUMMARY





95


Slide Number 2

Outline

Test Types

Field Tests

Commissioning




Slide Number 10

Diagnostics



TDR Equipment


Slide Number 16



Slide Number 19

VLF Waveforms


Setup

Slide Number 23



TD Assesment

Tan δ Equipment


Setup















Slide Number 44

Slide Number 45

Setup

Slide Number 47



PD Pulse



Setup

Online PD Equipment




Slide Number 58


Safe

Effective

Useful

Valuable


Lengths Tested



Accuracy



Accuracies


All Accuracies






Testing Sites







Wet Circuits



0 to 10 mins

0 to 30 mins




Slide Number 94

SUMMARY



Not ActAct

100

80

60

40

20

0

Test

s [

of

Tota

l]


All Accuracies


100

80

60

40

20

0

Dia

gnos

tic

Acc

urac

y

989

100

05

10

497

925



74



Numeric Survival

Pass Fail

Classification


Replace Defer



Unambiguous Opaque


75





bull System Data


Test Data

Feature Extraction

Experience Library

Knowledge Rules

76

Data

Information



77

GoodPoor

750

250 281

719

1000

1975 1979

1982





78


Testing Sites

79





80




at U0 [10-3]


U0 [10-3]

Mean VLF-TD

at U0 [10-3]

No Action

Required (Best 80 )


Further Study

005 to 05 Or

5 to 80 Or

4 to 50

Action Required


Knowledge Rule


81



82

10001001001

100000

10000

1000

100

010

00110001001001


TD Uo [E-3]

Tip

Up (

15U

o -

05U

o) [

E-3]


4 50

5

80



83

Evergreen Glenwood


Action Required133

Further Study267


1986 Vintage12 Ckts




84

302520151050

1000

100

10

1


Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]Voltage


Tip Up Mean Tan δ



85

302520151050

1000

100

10

1


Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]Voltage


Tip Up Mean Tan δ


Wet Circuits

86




87



and 10 mins (E-3)



Mean VLF-TD at





88

302520151050-5

10

1

Test Time [min]

Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]Voltage

Test

Stability15Uo=27E-3


Snopud Segment 6912



302520151050-5

10

1

Test Time [min]

Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

05101522

[Uo]Voltage

Test

Snopud Segment 6912

0 to 10 mins

89


Change in Tan Delta

between 0 and 10

mins (E-3)

VLF-TD Stability


at Maintenance

Level [10-3]

Mean VLF-TD at





0 to 30 mins

90

302520151050-5

10

1

Test Time [min]

Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

05101522

[Uo]Voltage

Test

Snopud 6912



91

302520151050

1000

100

10

1


Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]_2Voltage


Mean Tan δ


302520151050

1000

100

10

1


Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]Voltage

Test


92


Mean Tan δ




at U0 [10-3]


[10-3]

Mean VLF-TD

at U0 [10-3]

No Action


Further Study

005 to

05 Or

5 to 80 Or

4 to 50



93

05

50

0 1 2




Nigel Hampton

Bruce Olson

94


SUMMARY





95


Slide Number 2

Outline

Test Types

Field Tests

Commissioning




Slide Number 10

Diagnostics



TDR Equipment


Slide Number 16



Slide Number 19

VLF Waveforms


Setup

Slide Number 23



TD Assesment

Tan δ Equipment


Setup















Slide Number 44

Slide Number 45

Setup

Slide Number 47



PD Pulse



Setup

Online PD Equipment




Slide Number 58


Safe

Effective

Useful

Valuable


Lengths Tested



Accuracy



Accuracies


All Accuracies






Testing Sites







Wet Circuits



0 to 10 mins

0 to 30 mins




Slide Number 94

SUMMARY


All Accuracies


100

80

60

40

20

0

Dia

gnos

tic

Acc

urac

y

989

100

05

10

497

925



74



Numeric Survival

Pass Fail

Classification


Replace Defer



Unambiguous Opaque


75





bull System Data


Test Data

Feature Extraction

Experience Library

Knowledge Rules

76

Data

Information



77

GoodPoor

750

250 281

719

1000

1975 1979

1982





78


Testing Sites

79





80




at U0 [10-3]


U0 [10-3]

Mean VLF-TD

at U0 [10-3]

No Action

Required (Best 80 )


Further Study

005 to 05 Or

5 to 80 Or

4 to 50

Action Required


Knowledge Rule


81



82

10001001001

100000

10000

1000

100

010

00110001001001


TD Uo [E-3]

Tip

Up (

15U

o -

05U

o) [

E-3]


4 50

5

80



83

Evergreen Glenwood


Action Required133

Further Study267


1986 Vintage12 Ckts




84

302520151050

1000

100

10

1


Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]Voltage


Tip Up Mean Tan δ



85

302520151050

1000

100

10

1


Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]Voltage


Tip Up Mean Tan δ


Wet Circuits

86




87



and 10 mins (E-3)



Mean VLF-TD at





88

302520151050-5

10

1

Test Time [min]

Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]Voltage

Test

Stability15Uo=27E-3


Snopud Segment 6912



302520151050-5

10

1

Test Time [min]

Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

05101522

[Uo]Voltage

Test

Snopud Segment 6912

0 to 10 mins

89


Change in Tan Delta

between 0 and 10

mins (E-3)

VLF-TD Stability


at Maintenance

Level [10-3]

Mean VLF-TD at





0 to 30 mins

90

302520151050-5

10

1

Test Time [min]

Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

05101522

[Uo]Voltage

Test

Snopud 6912



91

302520151050

1000

100

10

1


Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]_2Voltage


Mean Tan δ


302520151050

1000

100

10

1


Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]Voltage

Test


92


Mean Tan δ




at U0 [10-3]


[10-3]

Mean VLF-TD

at U0 [10-3]

No Action


Further Study

005 to

05 Or

5 to 80 Or

4 to 50



93

05

50

0 1 2




Nigel Hampton

Bruce Olson

94


SUMMARY





95


Slide Number 2

Outline

Test Types

Field Tests

Commissioning




Slide Number 10

Diagnostics



TDR Equipment


Slide Number 16



Slide Number 19

VLF Waveforms


Setup

Slide Number 23



TD Assesment

Tan δ Equipment


Setup















Slide Number 44

Slide Number 45

Setup

Slide Number 47



PD Pulse



Setup

Online PD Equipment




Slide Number 58


Safe

Effective

Useful

Valuable


Lengths Tested



Accuracy



Accuracies


All Accuracies






Testing Sites







Wet Circuits



0 to 10 mins

0 to 30 mins




Slide Number 94

SUMMARY



74



Numeric Survival

Pass Fail

Classification


Replace Defer



Unambiguous Opaque


75





bull System Data


Test Data

Feature Extraction

Experience Library

Knowledge Rules

76

Data

Information



77

GoodPoor

750

250 281

719

1000

1975 1979

1982





78


Testing Sites

79





80




at U0 [10-3]


U0 [10-3]

Mean VLF-TD

at U0 [10-3]

No Action

Required (Best 80 )


Further Study

005 to 05 Or

5 to 80 Or

4 to 50

Action Required


Knowledge Rule


81



82

10001001001

100000

10000

1000

100

010

00110001001001


TD Uo [E-3]

Tip

Up (

15U

o -

05U

o) [

E-3]


4 50

5

80



83

Evergreen Glenwood


Action Required133

Further Study267


1986 Vintage12 Ckts




84

302520151050

1000

100

10

1


Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]Voltage


Tip Up Mean Tan δ



85

302520151050

1000

100

10

1


Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]Voltage


Tip Up Mean Tan δ


Wet Circuits

86




87



and 10 mins (E-3)



Mean VLF-TD at





88

302520151050-5

10

1

Test Time [min]

Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]Voltage

Test

Stability15Uo=27E-3


Snopud Segment 6912



302520151050-5

10

1

Test Time [min]

Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

05101522

[Uo]Voltage

Test

Snopud Segment 6912

0 to 10 mins

89


Change in Tan Delta

between 0 and 10

mins (E-3)

VLF-TD Stability


at Maintenance

Level [10-3]

Mean VLF-TD at





0 to 30 mins

90

302520151050-5

10

1

Test Time [min]

Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

05101522

[Uo]Voltage

Test

Snopud 6912



91

302520151050

1000

100

10

1


Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]_2Voltage


Mean Tan δ


302520151050

1000

100

10

1


Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]Voltage

Test


92


Mean Tan δ




at U0 [10-3]


[10-3]

Mean VLF-TD

at U0 [10-3]

No Action


Further Study

005 to

05 Or

5 to 80 Or

4 to 50



93

05

50

0 1 2




Nigel Hampton

Bruce Olson

94


SUMMARY





95


Slide Number 2

Outline

Test Types

Field Tests

Commissioning




Slide Number 10

Diagnostics



TDR Equipment


Slide Number 16



Slide Number 19

VLF Waveforms


Setup

Slide Number 23



TD Assesment

Tan δ Equipment


Setup















Slide Number 44

Slide Number 45

Setup

Slide Number 47



PD Pulse



Setup

Online PD Equipment




Slide Number 58


Safe

Effective

Useful

Valuable


Lengths Tested



Accuracy



Accuracies


All Accuracies






Testing Sites







Wet Circuits



0 to 10 mins

0 to 30 mins




Slide Number 94

SUMMARY



Numeric Survival

Pass Fail

Classification


Replace Defer



Unambiguous Opaque


75





bull System Data


Test Data

Feature Extraction

Experience Library

Knowledge Rules

76

Data

Information



77

GoodPoor

750

250 281

719

1000

1975 1979

1982





78


Testing Sites

79





80




at U0 [10-3]


U0 [10-3]

Mean VLF-TD

at U0 [10-3]

No Action

Required (Best 80 )


Further Study

005 to 05 Or

5 to 80 Or

4 to 50

Action Required


Knowledge Rule


81



82

10001001001

100000

10000

1000

100

010

00110001001001


TD Uo [E-3]

Tip

Up (

15U

o -

05U

o) [

E-3]


4 50

5

80



83

Evergreen Glenwood


Action Required133

Further Study267


1986 Vintage12 Ckts




84

302520151050

1000

100

10

1


Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]Voltage


Tip Up Mean Tan δ



85

302520151050

1000

100

10

1


Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]Voltage


Tip Up Mean Tan δ


Wet Circuits

86




87



and 10 mins (E-3)



Mean VLF-TD at





88

302520151050-5

10

1

Test Time [min]

Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]Voltage

Test

Stability15Uo=27E-3


Snopud Segment 6912



302520151050-5

10

1

Test Time [min]

Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

05101522

[Uo]Voltage

Test

Snopud Segment 6912

0 to 10 mins

89


Change in Tan Delta

between 0 and 10

mins (E-3)

VLF-TD Stability


at Maintenance

Level [10-3]

Mean VLF-TD at





0 to 30 mins

90

302520151050-5

10

1

Test Time [min]

Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

05101522

[Uo]Voltage

Test

Snopud 6912



91

302520151050

1000

100

10

1


Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]_2Voltage


Mean Tan δ


302520151050

1000

100

10

1


Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]Voltage

Test


92


Mean Tan δ




at U0 [10-3]


[10-3]

Mean VLF-TD

at U0 [10-3]

No Action


Further Study

005 to

05 Or

5 to 80 Or

4 to 50



93

05

50

0 1 2




Nigel Hampton

Bruce Olson

94


SUMMARY





95


Slide Number 2

Outline

Test Types

Field Tests

Commissioning




Slide Number 10

Diagnostics



TDR Equipment


Slide Number 16



Slide Number 19

VLF Waveforms


Setup

Slide Number 23



TD Assesment

Tan δ Equipment


Setup















Slide Number 44

Slide Number 45

Setup

Slide Number 47



PD Pulse



Setup

Online PD Equipment




Slide Number 58


Safe

Effective

Useful

Valuable


Lengths Tested



Accuracy



Accuracies


All Accuracies






Testing Sites







Wet Circuits



0 to 10 mins

0 to 30 mins




Slide Number 94

SUMMARY





bull System Data


Test Data

Feature Extraction

Experience Library

Knowledge Rules

76

Data

Information



77

GoodPoor

750

250 281

719

1000

1975 1979

1982





78


Testing Sites

79





80




at U0 [10-3]


U0 [10-3]

Mean VLF-TD

at U0 [10-3]

No Action

Required (Best 80 )


Further Study

005 to 05 Or

5 to 80 Or

4 to 50

Action Required


Knowledge Rule


81



82

10001001001

100000

10000

1000

100

010

00110001001001


TD Uo [E-3]

Tip

Up (

15U

o -

05U

o) [

E-3]


4 50

5

80



83

Evergreen Glenwood


Action Required133

Further Study267


1986 Vintage12 Ckts




84

302520151050

1000

100

10

1


Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]Voltage


Tip Up Mean Tan δ



85

302520151050

1000

100

10

1


Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]Voltage


Tip Up Mean Tan δ


Wet Circuits

86




87



and 10 mins (E-3)



Mean VLF-TD at





88

302520151050-5

10

1

Test Time [min]

Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]Voltage

Test

Stability15Uo=27E-3


Snopud Segment 6912



302520151050-5

10

1

Test Time [min]

Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

05101522

[Uo]Voltage

Test

Snopud Segment 6912

0 to 10 mins

89


Change in Tan Delta

between 0 and 10

mins (E-3)

VLF-TD Stability


at Maintenance

Level [10-3]

Mean VLF-TD at





0 to 30 mins

90

302520151050-5

10

1

Test Time [min]

Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

05101522

[Uo]Voltage

Test

Snopud 6912



91

302520151050

1000

100

10

1


Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]_2Voltage


Mean Tan δ


302520151050

1000

100

10

1


Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]Voltage

Test


92


Mean Tan δ




at U0 [10-3]


[10-3]

Mean VLF-TD

at U0 [10-3]

No Action


Further Study

005 to

05 Or

5 to 80 Or

4 to 50



93

05

50

0 1 2




Nigel Hampton

Bruce Olson

94


SUMMARY





95


Slide Number 2

Outline

Test Types

Field Tests

Commissioning




Slide Number 10

Diagnostics



TDR Equipment


Slide Number 16



Slide Number 19

VLF Waveforms


Setup

Slide Number 23



TD Assesment

Tan δ Equipment


Setup















Slide Number 44

Slide Number 45

Setup

Slide Number 47



PD Pulse



Setup

Online PD Equipment




Slide Number 58


Safe

Effective

Useful

Valuable


Lengths Tested



Accuracy



Accuracies


All Accuracies






Testing Sites







Wet Circuits



0 to 10 mins

0 to 30 mins




Slide Number 94

SUMMARY



77

GoodPoor

750

250 281

719

1000

1975 1979

1982





78


Testing Sites

79





80




at U0 [10-3]


U0 [10-3]

Mean VLF-TD

at U0 [10-3]

No Action

Required (Best 80 )


Further Study

005 to 05 Or

5 to 80 Or

4 to 50

Action Required


Knowledge Rule


81



82

10001001001

100000

10000

1000

100

010

00110001001001


TD Uo [E-3]

Tip

Up (

15U

o -

05U

o) [

E-3]


4 50

5

80



83

Evergreen Glenwood


Action Required133

Further Study267


1986 Vintage12 Ckts




84

302520151050

1000

100

10

1


Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]Voltage


Tip Up Mean Tan δ



85

302520151050

1000

100

10

1


Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]Voltage


Tip Up Mean Tan δ


Wet Circuits

86




87



and 10 mins (E-3)



Mean VLF-TD at





88

302520151050-5

10

1

Test Time [min]

Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]Voltage

Test

Stability15Uo=27E-3


Snopud Segment 6912



302520151050-5

10

1

Test Time [min]

Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

05101522

[Uo]Voltage

Test

Snopud Segment 6912

0 to 10 mins

89


Change in Tan Delta

between 0 and 10

mins (E-3)

VLF-TD Stability


at Maintenance

Level [10-3]

Mean VLF-TD at





0 to 30 mins

90

302520151050-5

10

1

Test Time [min]

Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

05101522

[Uo]Voltage

Test

Snopud 6912



91

302520151050

1000

100

10

1


Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]_2Voltage


Mean Tan δ


302520151050

1000

100

10

1


Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]Voltage

Test


92


Mean Tan δ




at U0 [10-3]


[10-3]

Mean VLF-TD

at U0 [10-3]

No Action


Further Study

005 to

05 Or

5 to 80 Or

4 to 50



93

05

50

0 1 2




Nigel Hampton

Bruce Olson

94


SUMMARY





95


Slide Number 2

Outline

Test Types

Field Tests

Commissioning




Slide Number 10

Diagnostics



TDR Equipment


Slide Number 16



Slide Number 19

VLF Waveforms


Setup

Slide Number 23



TD Assesment

Tan δ Equipment


Setup















Slide Number 44

Slide Number 45

Setup

Slide Number 47



PD Pulse



Setup

Online PD Equipment




Slide Number 58


Safe

Effective

Useful

Valuable


Lengths Tested



Accuracy



Accuracies


All Accuracies






Testing Sites







Wet Circuits



0 to 10 mins

0 to 30 mins




Slide Number 94

SUMMARY





78


Testing Sites

79





80




at U0 [10-3]


U0 [10-3]

Mean VLF-TD

at U0 [10-3]

No Action

Required (Best 80 )


Further Study

005 to 05 Or

5 to 80 Or

4 to 50

Action Required


Knowledge Rule


81



82

10001001001

100000

10000

1000

100

010

00110001001001


TD Uo [E-3]

Tip

Up (

15U

o -

05U

o) [

E-3]


4 50

5

80



83

Evergreen Glenwood


Action Required133

Further Study267


1986 Vintage12 Ckts




84

302520151050

1000

100

10

1


Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]Voltage


Tip Up Mean Tan δ



85

302520151050

1000

100

10

1


Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]Voltage


Tip Up Mean Tan δ


Wet Circuits

86




87



and 10 mins (E-3)



Mean VLF-TD at





88

302520151050-5

10

1

Test Time [min]

Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]Voltage

Test

Stability15Uo=27E-3


Snopud Segment 6912



302520151050-5

10

1

Test Time [min]

Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

05101522

[Uo]Voltage

Test

Snopud Segment 6912

0 to 10 mins

89


Change in Tan Delta

between 0 and 10

mins (E-3)

VLF-TD Stability


at Maintenance

Level [10-3]

Mean VLF-TD at





0 to 30 mins

90

302520151050-5

10

1

Test Time [min]

Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

05101522

[Uo]Voltage

Test

Snopud 6912



91

302520151050

1000

100

10

1


Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]_2Voltage


Mean Tan δ


302520151050

1000

100

10

1


Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]Voltage

Test


92


Mean Tan δ




at U0 [10-3]


[10-3]

Mean VLF-TD

at U0 [10-3]

No Action


Further Study

005 to

05 Or

5 to 80 Or

4 to 50



93

05

50

0 1 2




Nigel Hampton

Bruce Olson

94


SUMMARY





95


Slide Number 2

Outline

Test Types

Field Tests

Commissioning




Slide Number 10

Diagnostics



TDR Equipment


Slide Number 16



Slide Number 19

VLF Waveforms


Setup

Slide Number 23



TD Assesment

Tan δ Equipment


Setup















Slide Number 44

Slide Number 45

Setup

Slide Number 47



PD Pulse



Setup

Online PD Equipment




Slide Number 58


Safe

Effective

Useful

Valuable


Lengths Tested



Accuracy



Accuracies


All Accuracies






Testing Sites







Wet Circuits



0 to 10 mins

0 to 30 mins




Slide Number 94

SUMMARY


Testing Sites

79





80




at U0 [10-3]


U0 [10-3]

Mean VLF-TD

at U0 [10-3]

No Action

Required (Best 80 )


Further Study

005 to 05 Or

5 to 80 Or

4 to 50

Action Required


Knowledge Rule


81



82

10001001001

100000

10000

1000

100

010

00110001001001


TD Uo [E-3]

Tip

Up (

15U

o -

05U

o) [

E-3]


4 50

5

80



83

Evergreen Glenwood


Action Required133

Further Study267


1986 Vintage12 Ckts




84

302520151050

1000

100

10

1


Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]Voltage


Tip Up Mean Tan δ



85

302520151050

1000

100

10

1


Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]Voltage


Tip Up Mean Tan δ


Wet Circuits

86




87



and 10 mins (E-3)



Mean VLF-TD at





88

302520151050-5

10

1

Test Time [min]

Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]Voltage

Test

Stability15Uo=27E-3


Snopud Segment 6912



302520151050-5

10

1

Test Time [min]

Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

05101522

[Uo]Voltage

Test

Snopud Segment 6912

0 to 10 mins

89


Change in Tan Delta

between 0 and 10

mins (E-3)

VLF-TD Stability


at Maintenance

Level [10-3]

Mean VLF-TD at





0 to 30 mins

90

302520151050-5

10

1

Test Time [min]

Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

05101522

[Uo]Voltage

Test

Snopud 6912



91

302520151050

1000

100

10

1


Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]_2Voltage


Mean Tan δ


302520151050

1000

100

10

1


Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]Voltage

Test


92


Mean Tan δ




at U0 [10-3]


[10-3]

Mean VLF-TD

at U0 [10-3]

No Action


Further Study

005 to

05 Or

5 to 80 Or

4 to 50



93

05

50

0 1 2




Nigel Hampton

Bruce Olson

94


SUMMARY





95


Slide Number 2

Outline

Test Types

Field Tests

Commissioning




Slide Number 10

Diagnostics



TDR Equipment


Slide Number 16



Slide Number 19

VLF Waveforms


Setup

Slide Number 23



TD Assesment

Tan δ Equipment


Setup















Slide Number 44

Slide Number 45

Setup

Slide Number 47



PD Pulse



Setup

Online PD Equipment




Slide Number 58


Safe

Effective

Useful

Valuable


Lengths Tested



Accuracy



Accuracies


All Accuracies






Testing Sites







Wet Circuits



0 to 10 mins

0 to 30 mins




Slide Number 94

SUMMARY



80




at U0 [10-3]


U0 [10-3]

Mean VLF-TD

at U0 [10-3]

No Action

Required (Best 80 )


Further Study

005 to 05 Or

5 to 80 Or

4 to 50

Action Required


Knowledge Rule


81



82

10001001001

100000

10000

1000

100

010

00110001001001


TD Uo [E-3]

Tip

Up (

15U

o -

05U

o) [

E-3]


4 50

5

80



83

Evergreen Glenwood


Action Required133

Further Study267


1986 Vintage12 Ckts




84

302520151050

1000

100

10

1


Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]Voltage


Tip Up Mean Tan δ



85

302520151050

1000

100

10

1


Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]Voltage


Tip Up Mean Tan δ


Wet Circuits

86




87



and 10 mins (E-3)



Mean VLF-TD at





88

302520151050-5

10

1

Test Time [min]

Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]Voltage

Test

Stability15Uo=27E-3


Snopud Segment 6912



302520151050-5

10

1

Test Time [min]

Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

05101522

[Uo]Voltage

Test

Snopud Segment 6912

0 to 10 mins

89


Change in Tan Delta

between 0 and 10

mins (E-3)

VLF-TD Stability


at Maintenance

Level [10-3]

Mean VLF-TD at





0 to 30 mins

90

302520151050-5

10

1

Test Time [min]

Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

05101522

[Uo]Voltage

Test

Snopud 6912



91

302520151050

1000

100

10

1


Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]_2Voltage


Mean Tan δ


302520151050

1000

100

10

1


Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]Voltage

Test


92


Mean Tan δ




at U0 [10-3]


[10-3]

Mean VLF-TD

at U0 [10-3]

No Action


Further Study

005 to

05 Or

5 to 80 Or

4 to 50



93

05

50

0 1 2




Nigel Hampton

Bruce Olson

94


SUMMARY





95


Slide Number 2

Outline

Test Types

Field Tests

Commissioning




Slide Number 10

Diagnostics



TDR Equipment


Slide Number 16



Slide Number 19

VLF Waveforms


Setup

Slide Number 23



TD Assesment

Tan δ Equipment


Setup















Slide Number 44

Slide Number 45

Setup

Slide Number 47



PD Pulse



Setup

Online PD Equipment




Slide Number 58


Safe

Effective

Useful

Valuable


Lengths Tested



Accuracy



Accuracies


All Accuracies






Testing Sites







Wet Circuits



0 to 10 mins

0 to 30 mins




Slide Number 94

SUMMARY




at U0 [10-3]


U0 [10-3]

Mean VLF-TD

at U0 [10-3]

No Action

Required (Best 80 )


Further Study

005 to 05 Or

5 to 80 Or

4 to 50

Action Required


Knowledge Rule


81



82

10001001001

100000

10000

1000

100

010

00110001001001


TD Uo [E-3]

Tip

Up (

15U

o -

05U

o) [

E-3]


4 50

5

80



83

Evergreen Glenwood


Action Required133

Further Study267


1986 Vintage12 Ckts




84

302520151050

1000

100

10

1


Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]Voltage


Tip Up Mean Tan δ



85

302520151050

1000

100

10

1


Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]Voltage


Tip Up Mean Tan δ


Wet Circuits

86




87



and 10 mins (E-3)



Mean VLF-TD at





88

302520151050-5

10

1

Test Time [min]

Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]Voltage

Test

Stability15Uo=27E-3


Snopud Segment 6912



302520151050-5

10

1

Test Time [min]

Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

05101522

[Uo]Voltage

Test

Snopud Segment 6912

0 to 10 mins

89


Change in Tan Delta

between 0 and 10

mins (E-3)

VLF-TD Stability


at Maintenance

Level [10-3]

Mean VLF-TD at





0 to 30 mins

90

302520151050-5

10

1

Test Time [min]

Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

05101522

[Uo]Voltage

Test

Snopud 6912



91

302520151050

1000

100

10

1


Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]_2Voltage


Mean Tan δ


302520151050

1000

100

10

1


Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]Voltage

Test


92


Mean Tan δ




at U0 [10-3]


[10-3]

Mean VLF-TD

at U0 [10-3]

No Action


Further Study

005 to

05 Or

5 to 80 Or

4 to 50



93

05

50

0 1 2




Nigel Hampton

Bruce Olson

94


SUMMARY





95


Slide Number 2

Outline

Test Types

Field Tests

Commissioning




Slide Number 10

Diagnostics



TDR Equipment


Slide Number 16



Slide Number 19

VLF Waveforms


Setup

Slide Number 23



TD Assesment

Tan δ Equipment


Setup















Slide Number 44

Slide Number 45

Setup

Slide Number 47



PD Pulse



Setup

Online PD Equipment




Slide Number 58


Safe

Effective

Useful

Valuable


Lengths Tested



Accuracy



Accuracies


All Accuracies






Testing Sites







Wet Circuits



0 to 10 mins

0 to 30 mins




Slide Number 94

SUMMARY



82

10001001001

100000

10000

1000

100

010

00110001001001


TD Uo [E-3]

Tip

Up (

15U

o -

05U

o) [

E-3]


4 50

5

80



83

Evergreen Glenwood


Action Required133

Further Study267


1986 Vintage12 Ckts




84

302520151050

1000

100

10

1


Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]Voltage


Tip Up Mean Tan δ



85

302520151050

1000

100

10

1


Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]Voltage


Tip Up Mean Tan δ


Wet Circuits

86




87



and 10 mins (E-3)



Mean VLF-TD at





88

302520151050-5

10

1

Test Time [min]

Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]Voltage

Test

Stability15Uo=27E-3


Snopud Segment 6912



302520151050-5

10

1

Test Time [min]

Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

05101522

[Uo]Voltage

Test

Snopud Segment 6912

0 to 10 mins

89


Change in Tan Delta

between 0 and 10

mins (E-3)

VLF-TD Stability


at Maintenance

Level [10-3]

Mean VLF-TD at





0 to 30 mins

90

302520151050-5

10

1

Test Time [min]

Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

05101522

[Uo]Voltage

Test

Snopud 6912



91

302520151050

1000

100

10

1


Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]_2Voltage


Mean Tan δ


302520151050

1000

100

10

1


Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]Voltage

Test


92


Mean Tan δ




at U0 [10-3]


[10-3]

Mean VLF-TD

at U0 [10-3]

No Action


Further Study

005 to

05 Or

5 to 80 Or

4 to 50



93

05

50

0 1 2




Nigel Hampton

Bruce Olson

94


SUMMARY





95


Slide Number 2

Outline

Test Types

Field Tests

Commissioning




Slide Number 10

Diagnostics



TDR Equipment


Slide Number 16



Slide Number 19

VLF Waveforms


Setup

Slide Number 23



TD Assesment

Tan δ Equipment


Setup















Slide Number 44

Slide Number 45

Setup

Slide Number 47



PD Pulse



Setup

Online PD Equipment




Slide Number 58


Safe

Effective

Useful

Valuable


Lengths Tested



Accuracy



Accuracies


All Accuracies






Testing Sites







Wet Circuits



0 to 10 mins

0 to 30 mins




Slide Number 94

SUMMARY



83

Evergreen Glenwood


Action Required133

Further Study267


1986 Vintage12 Ckts




84

302520151050

1000

100

10

1


Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]Voltage


Tip Up Mean Tan δ



85

302520151050

1000

100

10

1


Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]Voltage


Tip Up Mean Tan δ


Wet Circuits

86




87



and 10 mins (E-3)



Mean VLF-TD at





88

302520151050-5

10

1

Test Time [min]

Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]Voltage

Test

Stability15Uo=27E-3


Snopud Segment 6912



302520151050-5

10

1

Test Time [min]

Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

05101522

[Uo]Voltage

Test

Snopud Segment 6912

0 to 10 mins

89


Change in Tan Delta

between 0 and 10

mins (E-3)

VLF-TD Stability


at Maintenance

Level [10-3]

Mean VLF-TD at





0 to 30 mins

90

302520151050-5

10

1

Test Time [min]

Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

05101522

[Uo]Voltage

Test

Snopud 6912



91

302520151050

1000

100

10

1


Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]_2Voltage


Mean Tan δ


302520151050

1000

100

10

1


Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]Voltage

Test


92


Mean Tan δ




at U0 [10-3]


[10-3]

Mean VLF-TD

at U0 [10-3]

No Action


Further Study

005 to

05 Or

5 to 80 Or

4 to 50



93

05

50

0 1 2




Nigel Hampton

Bruce Olson

94


SUMMARY





95


Slide Number 2

Outline

Test Types

Field Tests

Commissioning




Slide Number 10

Diagnostics



TDR Equipment


Slide Number 16



Slide Number 19

VLF Waveforms


Setup

Slide Number 23



TD Assesment

Tan δ Equipment


Setup















Slide Number 44

Slide Number 45

Setup

Slide Number 47



PD Pulse



Setup

Online PD Equipment




Slide Number 58


Safe

Effective

Useful

Valuable


Lengths Tested



Accuracy



Accuracies


All Accuracies






Testing Sites







Wet Circuits



0 to 10 mins

0 to 30 mins




Slide Number 94

SUMMARY



84

302520151050

1000

100

10

1


Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]Voltage


Tip Up Mean Tan δ



85

302520151050

1000

100

10

1


Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]Voltage


Tip Up Mean Tan δ


Wet Circuits

86




87



and 10 mins (E-3)



Mean VLF-TD at





88

302520151050-5

10

1

Test Time [min]

Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]Voltage

Test

Stability15Uo=27E-3


Snopud Segment 6912



302520151050-5

10

1

Test Time [min]

Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

05101522

[Uo]Voltage

Test

Snopud Segment 6912

0 to 10 mins

89


Change in Tan Delta

between 0 and 10

mins (E-3)

VLF-TD Stability


at Maintenance

Level [10-3]

Mean VLF-TD at





0 to 30 mins

90

302520151050-5

10

1

Test Time [min]

Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

05101522

[Uo]Voltage

Test

Snopud 6912



91

302520151050

1000

100

10

1


Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]_2Voltage


Mean Tan δ


302520151050

1000

100

10

1


Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]Voltage

Test


92


Mean Tan δ




at U0 [10-3]


[10-3]

Mean VLF-TD

at U0 [10-3]

No Action


Further Study

005 to

05 Or

5 to 80 Or

4 to 50



93

05

50

0 1 2




Nigel Hampton

Bruce Olson

94


SUMMARY





95


Slide Number 2

Outline

Test Types

Field Tests

Commissioning




Slide Number 10

Diagnostics



TDR Equipment


Slide Number 16



Slide Number 19

VLF Waveforms


Setup

Slide Number 23



TD Assesment

Tan δ Equipment


Setup















Slide Number 44

Slide Number 45

Setup

Slide Number 47



PD Pulse



Setup

Online PD Equipment




Slide Number 58


Safe

Effective

Useful

Valuable


Lengths Tested



Accuracy



Accuracies


All Accuracies






Testing Sites







Wet Circuits



0 to 10 mins

0 to 30 mins




Slide Number 94

SUMMARY



85

302520151050

1000

100

10

1


Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]Voltage


Tip Up Mean Tan δ


Wet Circuits

86




87



and 10 mins (E-3)



Mean VLF-TD at





88

302520151050-5

10

1

Test Time [min]

Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]Voltage

Test

Stability15Uo=27E-3


Snopud Segment 6912



302520151050-5

10

1

Test Time [min]

Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

05101522

[Uo]Voltage

Test

Snopud Segment 6912

0 to 10 mins

89


Change in Tan Delta

between 0 and 10

mins (E-3)

VLF-TD Stability


at Maintenance

Level [10-3]

Mean VLF-TD at





0 to 30 mins

90

302520151050-5

10

1

Test Time [min]

Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

05101522

[Uo]Voltage

Test

Snopud 6912



91

302520151050

1000

100

10

1


Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]_2Voltage


Mean Tan δ


302520151050

1000

100

10

1


Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]Voltage

Test


92


Mean Tan δ




at U0 [10-3]


[10-3]

Mean VLF-TD

at U0 [10-3]

No Action


Further Study

005 to

05 Or

5 to 80 Or

4 to 50



93

05

50

0 1 2




Nigel Hampton

Bruce Olson

94


SUMMARY





95


Slide Number 2

Outline

Test Types

Field Tests

Commissioning




Slide Number 10

Diagnostics



TDR Equipment


Slide Number 16



Slide Number 19

VLF Waveforms


Setup

Slide Number 23



TD Assesment

Tan δ Equipment


Setup















Slide Number 44

Slide Number 45

Setup

Slide Number 47



PD Pulse



Setup

Online PD Equipment




Slide Number 58


Safe

Effective

Useful

Valuable


Lengths Tested



Accuracy



Accuracies


All Accuracies






Testing Sites







Wet Circuits



0 to 10 mins

0 to 30 mins




Slide Number 94

SUMMARY


Wet Circuits

86




87



and 10 mins (E-3)



Mean VLF-TD at





88

302520151050-5

10

1

Test Time [min]

Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]Voltage

Test

Stability15Uo=27E-3


Snopud Segment 6912



302520151050-5

10

1

Test Time [min]

Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

05101522

[Uo]Voltage

Test

Snopud Segment 6912

0 to 10 mins

89


Change in Tan Delta

between 0 and 10

mins (E-3)

VLF-TD Stability


at Maintenance

Level [10-3]

Mean VLF-TD at





0 to 30 mins

90

302520151050-5

10

1

Test Time [min]

Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

05101522

[Uo]Voltage

Test

Snopud 6912



91

302520151050

1000

100

10

1


Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]_2Voltage


Mean Tan δ


302520151050

1000

100

10

1


Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]Voltage

Test


92


Mean Tan δ




at U0 [10-3]


[10-3]

Mean VLF-TD

at U0 [10-3]

No Action


Further Study

005 to

05 Or

5 to 80 Or

4 to 50



93

05

50

0 1 2




Nigel Hampton

Bruce Olson

94


SUMMARY





95


Slide Number 2

Outline

Test Types

Field Tests

Commissioning




Slide Number 10

Diagnostics



TDR Equipment


Slide Number 16



Slide Number 19

VLF Waveforms


Setup

Slide Number 23



TD Assesment

Tan δ Equipment


Setup















Slide Number 44

Slide Number 45

Setup

Slide Number 47



PD Pulse



Setup

Online PD Equipment




Slide Number 58


Safe

Effective

Useful

Valuable


Lengths Tested



Accuracy



Accuracies


All Accuracies






Testing Sites







Wet Circuits



0 to 10 mins

0 to 30 mins




Slide Number 94

SUMMARY




87



and 10 mins (E-3)



Mean VLF-TD at





88

302520151050-5

10

1

Test Time [min]

Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]Voltage

Test

Stability15Uo=27E-3


Snopud Segment 6912



302520151050-5

10

1

Test Time [min]

Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

05101522

[Uo]Voltage

Test

Snopud Segment 6912

0 to 10 mins

89


Change in Tan Delta

between 0 and 10

mins (E-3)

VLF-TD Stability


at Maintenance

Level [10-3]

Mean VLF-TD at





0 to 30 mins

90

302520151050-5

10

1

Test Time [min]

Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

05101522

[Uo]Voltage

Test

Snopud 6912



91

302520151050

1000

100

10

1


Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]_2Voltage


Mean Tan δ


302520151050

1000

100

10

1


Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]Voltage

Test


92


Mean Tan δ




at U0 [10-3]


[10-3]

Mean VLF-TD

at U0 [10-3]

No Action


Further Study

005 to

05 Or

5 to 80 Or

4 to 50



93

05

50

0 1 2




Nigel Hampton

Bruce Olson

94


SUMMARY





95


Slide Number 2

Outline

Test Types

Field Tests

Commissioning




Slide Number 10

Diagnostics



TDR Equipment


Slide Number 16



Slide Number 19

VLF Waveforms


Setup

Slide Number 23



TD Assesment

Tan δ Equipment


Setup















Slide Number 44

Slide Number 45

Setup

Slide Number 47



PD Pulse



Setup

Online PD Equipment




Slide Number 58


Safe

Effective

Useful

Valuable


Lengths Tested



Accuracy



Accuracies


All Accuracies






Testing Sites







Wet Circuits



0 to 10 mins

0 to 30 mins




Slide Number 94

SUMMARY


88

302520151050-5

10

1

Test Time [min]

Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]Voltage

Test

Stability15Uo=27E-3


Snopud Segment 6912



302520151050-5

10

1

Test Time [min]

Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

05101522

[Uo]Voltage

Test

Snopud Segment 6912

0 to 10 mins

89


Change in Tan Delta

between 0 and 10

mins (E-3)

VLF-TD Stability


at Maintenance

Level [10-3]

Mean VLF-TD at





0 to 30 mins

90

302520151050-5

10

1

Test Time [min]

Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

05101522

[Uo]Voltage

Test

Snopud 6912



91

302520151050

1000

100

10

1


Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]_2Voltage


Mean Tan δ


302520151050

1000

100

10

1


Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]Voltage

Test


92


Mean Tan δ




at U0 [10-3]


[10-3]

Mean VLF-TD

at U0 [10-3]

No Action


Further Study

005 to

05 Or

5 to 80 Or

4 to 50



93

05

50

0 1 2




Nigel Hampton

Bruce Olson

94


SUMMARY





95


Slide Number 2

Outline

Test Types

Field Tests

Commissioning




Slide Number 10

Diagnostics



TDR Equipment


Slide Number 16



Slide Number 19

VLF Waveforms


Setup

Slide Number 23



TD Assesment

Tan δ Equipment


Setup















Slide Number 44

Slide Number 45

Setup

Slide Number 47



PD Pulse



Setup

Online PD Equipment




Slide Number 58


Safe

Effective

Useful

Valuable


Lengths Tested



Accuracy



Accuracies


All Accuracies






Testing Sites







Wet Circuits



0 to 10 mins

0 to 30 mins




Slide Number 94

SUMMARY


302520151050-5

10

1

Test Time [min]

Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

05101522

[Uo]Voltage

Test

Snopud Segment 6912

0 to 10 mins

89


Change in Tan Delta

between 0 and 10

mins (E-3)

VLF-TD Stability


at Maintenance

Level [10-3]

Mean VLF-TD at





0 to 30 mins

90

302520151050-5

10

1

Test Time [min]

Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

05101522

[Uo]Voltage

Test

Snopud 6912



91

302520151050

1000

100

10

1


Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]_2Voltage


Mean Tan δ


302520151050

1000

100

10

1


Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]Voltage

Test


92


Mean Tan δ




at U0 [10-3]


[10-3]

Mean VLF-TD

at U0 [10-3]

No Action


Further Study

005 to

05 Or

5 to 80 Or

4 to 50



93

05

50

0 1 2




Nigel Hampton

Bruce Olson

94


SUMMARY





95


Slide Number 2

Outline

Test Types

Field Tests

Commissioning




Slide Number 10

Diagnostics



TDR Equipment


Slide Number 16



Slide Number 19

VLF Waveforms


Setup

Slide Number 23



TD Assesment

Tan δ Equipment


Setup















Slide Number 44

Slide Number 45

Setup

Slide Number 47



PD Pulse



Setup

Online PD Equipment




Slide Number 58


Safe

Effective

Useful

Valuable


Lengths Tested



Accuracy



Accuracies


All Accuracies






Testing Sites







Wet Circuits



0 to 10 mins

0 to 30 mins




Slide Number 94

SUMMARY


0 to 30 mins

90

302520151050-5

10

1

Test Time [min]

Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

05101522

[Uo]Voltage

Test

Snopud 6912



91

302520151050

1000

100

10

1


Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]_2Voltage


Mean Tan δ


302520151050

1000

100

10

1


Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]Voltage

Test


92


Mean Tan δ




at U0 [10-3]


[10-3]

Mean VLF-TD

at U0 [10-3]

No Action


Further Study

005 to

05 Or

5 to 80 Or

4 to 50



93

05

50

0 1 2




Nigel Hampton

Bruce Olson

94


SUMMARY





95


Slide Number 2

Outline

Test Types

Field Tests

Commissioning




Slide Number 10

Diagnostics



TDR Equipment


Slide Number 16



Slide Number 19

VLF Waveforms


Setup

Slide Number 23



TD Assesment

Tan δ Equipment


Setup















Slide Number 44

Slide Number 45

Setup

Slide Number 47



PD Pulse



Setup

Online PD Equipment




Slide Number 58


Safe

Effective

Useful

Valuable


Lengths Tested



Accuracy



Accuracies


All Accuracies






Testing Sites







Wet Circuits



0 to 10 mins

0 to 30 mins




Slide Number 94

SUMMARY



91

302520151050

1000

100

10

1


Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]_2Voltage


Mean Tan δ


302520151050

1000

100

10

1


Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]Voltage

Test


92


Mean Tan δ




at U0 [10-3]


[10-3]

Mean VLF-TD

at U0 [10-3]

No Action


Further Study

005 to

05 Or

5 to 80 Or

4 to 50



93

05

50

0 1 2




Nigel Hampton

Bruce Olson

94


SUMMARY





95


Slide Number 2

Outline

Test Types

Field Tests

Commissioning




Slide Number 10

Diagnostics



TDR Equipment


Slide Number 16



Slide Number 19

VLF Waveforms


Setup

Slide Number 23



TD Assesment

Tan δ Equipment


Setup















Slide Number 44

Slide Number 45

Setup

Slide Number 47



PD Pulse



Setup

Online PD Equipment




Slide Number 58


Safe

Effective

Useful

Valuable


Lengths Tested



Accuracy



Accuracies


All Accuracies






Testing Sites







Wet Circuits



0 to 10 mins

0 to 30 mins




Slide Number 94

SUMMARY


302520151050

1000

100

10

1


Tan

Del

ta [

E-3]

051015

[Uo]Voltage

Test


92


Mean Tan δ




at U0 [10-3]


[10-3]

Mean VLF-TD

at U0 [10-3]

No Action


Further Study

005 to

05 Or

5 to 80 Or

4 to 50



93

05

50

0 1 2




Nigel Hampton

Bruce Olson

94


SUMMARY





95


Slide Number 2

Outline

Test Types

Field Tests

Commissioning




Slide Number 10

Diagnostics



TDR Equipment


Slide Number 16



Slide Number 19

VLF Waveforms


Setup

Slide Number 23



TD Assesment

Tan δ Equipment


Setup















Slide Number 44

Slide Number 45

Setup

Slide Number 47



PD Pulse



Setup

Online PD Equipment




Slide Number 58


Safe

Effective

Useful

Valuable


Lengths Tested



Accuracy



Accuracies


All Accuracies






Testing Sites







Wet Circuits



0 to 10 mins

0 to 30 mins




Slide Number 94

SUMMARY




at U0 [10-3]


[10-3]

Mean VLF-TD

at U0 [10-3]

No Action


Further Study

005 to

05 Or

5 to 80 Or

4 to 50



93

05

50

0 1 2




Nigel Hampton

Bruce Olson

94


SUMMARY





95


Slide Number 2

Outline

Test Types

Field Tests

Commissioning




Slide Number 10

Diagnostics



TDR Equipment


Slide Number 16



Slide Number 19

VLF Waveforms


Setup

Slide Number 23



TD Assesment

Tan δ Equipment


Setup















Slide Number 44

Slide Number 45

Setup

Slide Number 47



PD Pulse



Setup

Online PD Equipment




Slide Number 58


Safe

Effective

Useful

Valuable


Lengths Tested



Accuracy



Accuracies


All Accuracies






Testing Sites







Wet Circuits



0 to 10 mins

0 to 30 mins




Slide Number 94

SUMMARY


Nigel Hampton

Bruce Olson

94


SUMMARY





95


Slide Number 2

Outline

Test Types

Field Tests

Commissioning




Slide Number 10

Diagnostics



TDR Equipment


Slide Number 16



Slide Number 19

VLF Waveforms


Setup

Slide Number 23



TD Assesment

Tan δ Equipment


Setup















Slide Number 44

Slide Number 45

Setup

Slide Number 47



PD Pulse



Setup

Online PD Equipment




Slide Number 58


Safe

Effective

Useful

Valuable


Lengths Tested



Accuracy



Accuracies


All Accuracies






Testing Sites







Wet Circuits



0 to 10 mins

0 to 30 mins




Slide Number 94

SUMMARY


SUMMARY





95


Slide Number 2

Outline

Test Types

Field Tests

Commissioning




Slide Number 10

Diagnostics



TDR Equipment


Slide Number 16



Slide Number 19

VLF Waveforms


Setup

Slide Number 23



TD Assesment

Tan δ Equipment


Setup















Slide Number 44

Slide Number 45

Setup

Slide Number 47



PD Pulse



Setup

Online PD Equipment




Slide Number 58


Safe

Effective

Useful

Valuable


Lengths Tested



Accuracy



Accuracies


All Accuracies






Testing Sites







Wet Circuits



0 to 10 mins

0 to 30 mins




Slide Number 94

SUMMARY

field testing – commissioning & routine tests ii · field testing – commissioning &...

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