field trials - their importance to agriculture in emerging economies lars byrdal kjær head of...
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Field Trials- their importance to agriculture in
emerging economies
Lars Byrdal KjærHead of Department for Field Trials and Statistics
AgroTech
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1 field trial is better than 1000 assumptions
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Expenditure
(million 2000 international dollars) 1981 1991 2000
Developing countries 6,904 9,459 12,819
Sub-Saharan Africa 1,196 1,365 1,461
China 1,049 1,733 3,150
Asia and Pacific 3,047 4,847 7,523
Latin America and the Caribbean 1,897 2,107 2,454
Middle East and North Africa 764 1,139 1,382
Developed countries 8,293 10,534 10,191
Total 15,197 19,992 23,010
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Indicators on agricultural input Average
ArablePermanentCropland in 1000
hectares
(2000)
Agricultural labor
% Of totalLabor Force
(2001)
Tractors per 1000 hectares
of cropland
(2000)
Average fertilizer use ( kg per ha of cropland
)
(2000)
WORLD 1,497,365 44.3 17.6 91.1
EUROPE 305,891 8.4 35.9 72.5
SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA
176,712 62.0 1.3 11.5
- Denmark 2,289 3.6 53.8 159.9
- Mozambique 4,135 80.3 1.4 3.5
- South Africa 15,712 9.3 4.6 48.2
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Land preparation in Africa:• 89 % worked manually• 1 % worked mechanically• 10 % worked by animal traction
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Investment in research and development in developing countries, particular Sub-Saharan Africa, is decreasing.
The richest countries are shifting their focus away from developing productivity enhancing technologies towards biomass production, animal welfare issues and environment. As a result, the technological spillover will decrease leaving the poorest countries in a vacuum.
Serious problems / huge challenges
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Research and development as well as farmers and advisory organizations are not structured adequately.
The infrastructure impedes the development and spread of new technologies.
Trade barriers hinder the export of agricultural goods from poor countries to rich countries.
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The single most important factor that will increase food productivity is to increase investments in research and field trials.
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New farming systems Growth assurance; sustain soil fertility; fairly high
yield; input of fertilizer and pesticides; GMO
Development of new equipment and machinery
Screening of varieties and development of new varieties with better traits
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Low input of equipment and money
High input of manpower
Early involvement of role-model farmers
Feedback to research
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