fifo

• FIFO

https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

Data buffer

1 A buffer often adjusts timing by implementing a queue (or FIFO)

algorithm in memory, simultaneously writing data into the queue at one rate and reading it at another rate.


Data buffer Applications

1 Buffers are usually used in a FIFO (first in, first out) method, outputting

data in the order it arrived.


Apache Hadoop Scheduling

1 By default Hadoop uses FIFO, and optional 5 scheduling priorities to

schedule jobs from a work queue. In version 0.19 the job scheduler was

refactored out of the JobTracker, and added the ability to use an alternate

scheduler (such as the or the Capacity scheduler).


FIFO and LIFO accounting

1 FIFO and LIFO Methods are accounting techniques used in managing inventory and

financial matters involving the amount of money a company has tied up within

inventory of produced goods, raw materials, parts, components, or feed stocks. These

methods are used to manage assumptions of cost flows related to inventory, stock repurchases (if purchased at different prices), and various other accounting

purposes.https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html


1 FIFO stands for first-in, first-out, meaning that the oldest inventory items are recorded as sold first but do not necessarily mean that the

exact oldest physical object has been tracked and sold.



1 LIFO stands for last-in, first-out, meaning that the most recently produced items

are recorded as sold first. Since the 1970s, some U.S. companies shifted

towards the use of LIFO, which reduces their income taxes in times of inflation,

but with International Financial Reporting Standards banning the use of LIFO, more companies have gone back to FIFO. LIFO

is only used in the U.S.



1 The difference between the cost of an inventory calculated under the

FIFO and LIFO methods is called the LIFO reserve. This reserve is

essentially the amount by which an entity's taxable income has been

deferred by using the LIFO method.


Inventory FIFO vs. LIFO accounting

1 FIFO regards the first unit that arrived in inventory as the first

one sold


Enterprise resource planning Configuration

1 Configuring an ERP system is largely a matter of balancing the way the organization wants

the system to work with the way it was designed to work. ERP systems typically

include many settings that modify system operation. For example, an organization can

select the type of inventory accounting—FIFO or LIFO—to use; whether to recognize

revenue by geographical unit, product line, or distribution channel; and whether to pay for

shipping costs on customer returns.


GNU Hurd - Core servers

1 fwd (forward server): Forwards requests to other servers, used by fifo and symlink

servers.


Multilevel feedback queue

1 Multiple FIFO queues are used and the operation is as follows:


Multilevel feedback queue

1 A new process is positioned at the

end of the top-level FIFO queue.


Linux kernel - Preemption

1 Internally this default-scheduler class is also known as SCHED_OTHER, but the kernel also contains two real-time

scheduling classes named SCHED_FIFO (realtime first-in-first-

out) and SCHED_RR (realtime round-robin) both of which take precedence

over the default class


Modbus - Supported function codes

1 Read FIFO Queue 24


Neuroprosthetics - Andersen Lab

1 This suggests a FIFO, or first-in, first-out, setup


Named pipe

1 In computing, a named pipe (also known as a FIFO for its behavior) is an extension to the traditional pipe

concept on Unix and Unix-like systems, and is one of the methods of inter-process communication (IPC)


Named pipe - In Unix

1 Instead of a conventional, unnamed, shell pipeline, a named pipeline makes use of the filesystem. It is

explicitly created using mkfifo() or mknod(), and two separate processes can access the pipe by name — one process can open it as a reader, and

the other as a writer.


Scheduling (computing) - First in first out

1 Also known as First Come, First Served (FCFS), is the simplest

scheduling algorithm, FIFO simply queues processes in the order that

they arrive in the ready queue.


Scheduling (computing) - Shortest remaining time

1 Waiting time and response time increase as the process's

computational requirements increase. Since turnaround time is

based on waiting time plus processing time, longer processes are significantly affected by this.

Overall waiting time is smaller than FIFO, however since no process has

to wait for the termination of the longest process.


Scheduling (computing) - Fixed priority pre-emptive scheduling

1 FPPS has no particular advantage in terms of throughput over FIFO scheduling.


Scheduling (computing) - Fixed priority pre-emptive scheduling

1 If the number of rankings is limited it can be characterized as a collection of FIFO queues, one for each priority ranking. Processes in lower-priority

queues are selected only when all of the higher-priority queues are empty.


Scheduling (computing) - How to choose a scheduling algorithm

1 Every priority level is represented by its own queue, with round-robin

scheduling amongst the high priority threads and FIFO among the lower

ones


Scheduling (computing) - AIX

1 FIFO: Once a thread with this policy is scheduled, it runs to completion unless it is blocked, it voluntarily

yields control of the CPU, or a higher-priority thread becomes

dispatchable. Only fixed-priority threads can have a FIFO scheduling

policy.


Scheduling (computing) - AIX

1 AIX 5 implements the following scheduling policies: FIFO, round robin, and a fair round robin. The FIFO policy has three different implementations: FIFO, FIFO2, and FIFO3.

The round robin policy is named SCHED_RR in AIX, and the fair round robin is called

SCHED_OTHER. This link provides additional information on AIX 5 scheduling:

http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/aix/library/au-aix5_cpu/index.html#N100F6 .


Scheduling (computing) - NetBSD

1 NetBSD uses a multilevel feedback queue with priorities ranging from 0-

223. 0-63 are reserved for time-shared threads (default,

SCHED_OTHER policy), 64-95 for user threads which entered kernel space, 96-128 for kernel threads, 128-191

for user real-time threads (SCHED_FIFO and SCHED_RR

policies), and 192-223 for software interrupts.


Non-blocking algorithm - Implementation

1 single-reader single-writer ring buffer FIFO


Application checkpointing - Cryopid

1 In the case of Cryopid, there is also provision to roll all dynamic libraries,

open files, sockets and FIFO's associated with the process into the

checkpoint


Application checkpointing - DMTCP

1 Among the Linux features supported by DMTCP are open file descriptors,

pipes, sockets, signal handlers, process id and thread id

virtualization (ensure old pids and tids continue to work upon restart),

ptys, fifos, process group ids, session ids, terminal attributes, and

mmap/mprotect (including mmap-based shared memory)


Unisys OS 2200 operating system -

1 Within a priority selection is usually FIFO


Contract - Damages

1 Furmston, Cheshire, Fifoot Furmston's Law of Contract, 15th edn (OUP: Oxford, 2007) p.779

n.130


Emulator - Types of emulators

1 For example, while the Nintendo 64 graphic processor was fully

programmable, most games used one of a few pre-made programs,

which were mostly self-contained and communicated with the game via

FIFO; therefore, many emulators do not emulate the graphic processor at

all, but simply interpret the commands received from the CPU as

the original program would.https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

Telecom switch - Fault tolerance

1 To prevent frustration with unsensed failures, all the connections between layers in the switch are allocated using FIFO|first-in-first-out lists (queues). As a result, if a

connection is faulty or noisy and the customer hangs up and redials, they will get

a different set of connections and subswitches. A LIFO (computing)|last-in-first-out (stack) allocation of connections might cause a continuing string of very

frustrating failures.https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

Virtual queue

1 ACDs hold queued calls in FIFO|First In, First Out order until agents become available


Virtual queue - Overview

1 While there are several different varieties of virtual queuing systems, a standard FIFO|First In, First Out that

maintains the customer's place in line is set to monitor queue

conditions until the Estimated Wait Time (EWT) exceeds a predetermined

threshold


Virtual queue - Impact

1 When callers are offered the option to receive a FIFO|First In, First Out callback, the callers’ acceptance rates are typically 45% to 55%


Virtual queue - FIFO|First In, First Out Queuing vs. Scheduled Queuing

1 The two main types of virtual queuing systems are FIFO|First In, First Out (FIFO) and

Scheduled.



1 FIFO systems allow customers to maintain their place in the queue and

receive a callback in the same amount of time as if they waited on hold. Virtual placeholders maintain

the integrity of the queue and provide added convenience to customers without penalty for avoiding traditional hold time.



1 The earlier examples looked in detail at how FIFO virtual queuing works. Scheduled systems offer the same convenience of a callback without

waiting on hold, but differ from FIFO systems in that customers do not

maintain their place in queue.



1 While both FIFO|First In, First Out and Scheduled queuing can provide

significant performance benefits to the Call Center, some queuing

systems only allow for scheduled callbacks, though FIFO is clearly

preferred



1 The best bet for improving both customer satisfaction and Contact Centre (business)|Contact Center

operations is to implement a comprehensive Queue Management System|queue management solution that includes both FIFO|First In, First

Out and scheduled callbacks and focuses on the customer experience while improving the Contact Center's

performance.https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

TinyOS - Implementation

1 Tasks are non-preemption (computing)|

preemptive and run in FIFO order


Limited liability company - Bulgaria

1 In case of an LLC with individual owner it is contemplated as Еднолично дружество с ограничена отговорност (Ednolichno druzhestvo s

ogranichena otgovornost; One-man/ Single-member partnership with

limited liability) and abbreviated as ЕООД (EOOD).Commerce Law of

Bulgaria, English translation, [http://www.fifoost.org/bulgarien/rech

t/en/commerce_law/Commerce-Law.pdf Chapter 13, Section I, Article

116]


Traffic shaping - Implementation

1 Metered packets or cells are then stored in a FIFO buffer

(telecommunication)|buffer for each separately shaped class, until they can be transmitted in compliance with the prevailing traffic contract


Hadoop - Scheduling

1 By default Hadoop uses FIFO, and optional 5 scheduling priorities to schedule jobs from a work queue.

[http://hadoop.apache.org/common/docs/current/commands_manual.html

#job job] In version 0.19 the job scheduler was refactored out of the JobTracker, and added the ability to use an alternate scheduler (such as the Fair scheduler or the Capacity

scheduler).https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

Application checkpointing - Cryopid

1 In the case of Cryopid, there is also provision to roll all dynamic libraries,

open files, sockets and FIFO's associated with the process into the

checkpoint


Application checkpointing - DMTCP

1 Among the Linux features supported by DMTCP are open file descriptors,

pipes, sockets, signal handlers, process id and thread id

virtualization (ensure old pids and tids continue to work upon restart),

ptys, fifos, process group ids, session ids, terminal attributes, and

mmap/mprotect (including mmap-based shared memory)


Register renaming - Details: tag-indexed register file

1 The previous physical register allocated for that architectural

register is saved with the instruction in the 'reorder buffer', which is a FIFO

that holds the instructions in program order between the decode

and graduation stages.


Register renaming - Details: reservation stations

1 The tag number is usually serially allocated in instruction order—no free tag FIFO is

necessary.


Variable universal life insurance - Maximum premiums

1 A MEC still receives tax free investment returns, and a tax free death benefit, but withdrawals of

cash value in a MEC are on a 'FIFO and LIFO accounting|LIFO' basis,

where earnings are withdrawn first and taxed as ordinary income


Variable universal life insurance - Tax advantages

1 *FIFO withdrawal status on premiums paid into the

contract


Endowment policy - Modified endowments (U.S.)

1 Distributions will switch from a First In First Out (FIFO) basis to a Last In First Out (LIFO) basis. This means that withdrawals will require the policy owner to withdraw taxable

gain before withdrawing untaxable basis.


Payment for ecosystem services - Additional examples

1 FUNDECOR worked with the National Fund for Forestry Financing

(FONAFIFO) to set up an institution that could manage small and

medium-sized forests


Hotspot (Wi-Fi) - Legal concerns

1 Providers of public hotspot access may incur legal obligations, including privacy requirements and liability for use for unlawful purposes, depending

on the jurisdiction.[http://www.wififoundatio

n.org/legal WiFi Foundation Legal Advice]


Low-density parity-check code - Lookup table decoding

1 As a bit is input, it is then added to a FIFO register, and the value of the

FIFO register is then used to look up in the table the relevant output from

the precalculated values.


Buffer (telecommunication)

1 A buffer often adjusts timing by implementing a Queue (data

structure)|queue (or FIFO) algorithm in memory, simultaneously writing data into the queue at one rate and

reading it at another rate.


Buffer (telecommunication) - Applications

1 Buffers are usually used in a FIFO (first in, first out) method, outputting

data in the order it arrived.


SystemVerilog - Synchronization

1 Optionally, the FIFO can be type-parameterized so that only objects of

the specified type may be passed through it


Packet-switched - Overview

1 Packets are normally forwarded by intermediate network nodes asynchronously using FIFO

(computing)|first-in, first-out buffering, but may be forwarded

according to some scheduling discipline for fair queuing, traffic shaping, or for differentiated or

guaranteed quality of service, such as weighted fair queuing or leaky

buckethttps://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

OpenComRTOS - Overview

1 The current implementation provides the functionality of traditional RTOS services like Events, Semaphores,

Ports, FIFOs, Resources, Packet Pools and Memory Pools


SystemC - Channels

1 Channels are the communication elements of SystemC. They can be

either simple wires or complex communication mechanisms like FIFO (computing)|FIFOs or Bus

(computing)|bus channels.


RTLinux - Implementation

1 First-In-First-Out pipes (FIFOs) or shared memory can be used to share data between the operating system

and RTLinux.


RTLinux - Functionality

1 # rtl fifo connects RT tasks and interrupt handlers to Linux processes through a device layer so that Linux

processes can read/write to RT components.


FIFO

1 'FIFO' is an acronym for 'First In, First Out', a method for organizing and

manipulating a data buffer, or data stack, where the oldest entry, or

'bottom' of the stack, is processed first. It is analagous to processing a Queue (data structure)|queue with

first-come, first-served ('FCFS') behaviour: where the people leave

the queue in the order in which they arrive.https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

FIFO

1 FCFS is also the jargon term for the FIFO Scheduling (computing)|operating system scheduling

algorithm, which gives every process Central processing unit|CPU time in the order in which it is demanded.


FIFO

1 FIFO's opposite is LIFO (computing)|LIFO, Last-In-First-Out, where the

youngest entry or 'top of the stack' is processed first.


FIFO

1 A priority queue is neither FIFO or LIFO but may adopt similar behaviour temporarily or

by default.


FIFO

1 Queueing theory encompasses these methods for processing data

structures, as well as interactions between strict-FIFO queues.


Uzbl - Design

1 For interaction it can read input from standard streams#Standard input (stdin)|standard input (FIFO pipe

(Unix)|pipe) or from POSIX local IPC socket or it can be passed text files

such as a configuration file


Scalable Coherent Interface - Transactions

1 If the address is not within the domain handled by the receiving node, the packet is passed to the output through the bypass FIFO


Universal asynchronous receiver/transmitter - Receiver

1 It is a standard feature for a UART to store the most recent character while receiving the next. This double buffering gives a receiving computer an entire character transmission time to fetch a received character. Many UARTs have a small first-in, first-out FIFO buffer memory between the receiver shift

register and the host system interface. This allows the host processor even more time to

handle an interrupt from the UART and prevents loss of received data at high rates.


Universal asynchronous receiver/transmitter - History

1 An example of an early 1980s UART was the National Semiconductor 8250 UART|8250. In the 1990s,

newer UARTs were developed with on-chip buffers. This allowed higher

transmission speed without data loss and without requiring such frequent

attention from the computer. For example, the popular National

Semiconductor 16550 UART|16550 has a 16 byte FIFO, and spawned

many variants, including the 16C550, 16C650, 16C750, and 16C850.


Universal asynchronous receiver/transmitter - Structure

1 * First-in, first-out (FIFO) buffer memory (optional)


Universal asynchronous receiver/transmitter - UART in modems

1 High-speed modems used UARTs that were compatible with the

original chip but which included additional FIFO buffers, giving

software additional time to respond to incoming data.



1 9600 bit/s will deliver a character approximately every millisecond, so a 1 byte FIFO should be sufficient at

this rate on a DOS system which meets the maximum interrupt

disable timing



1 A second benefit to having a FIFO is that the computer only has to service about 8 to 12% as many interrupts, allowing more CPU time for updating

the screen, or doing other chores


Advance-fee fraud

1 There are many variations on this type of scam, including advance-fee fraud, Fifo's Fraud, Spanish Prisoner|Spanish Prisoner Scam, black money scam. The number 419 refers to the article of the Nigerian Criminal Code

dealing with fraud. The scam has been used with fax and traditional

mail, and is now used with the internet.


Detinue - Detinue sur trover

1 2; Fifoot, p


Channel I/O - History

1 Sufficient FIFO storage was provided within the C-Unit for all channels which were emulated by this FSM


State organisation of the Ottoman Empire - Palace schools

1 It is reported by Madeline ZilfiFor more

on this topic: Madeline C


Warehouse - Automation and optimization

1 With a proper slotting plan, a warehouse can improve its inventory rotation

requirementsmdash;such as FIFO and LIFO accounting|first in, first out (FIFO) and last in, first out (LIFO)mdash;control labor costs and

increase productivity.[http://www.sdcexec.com/online/

article.jsp?id=10693siteSection=15 Effectively Slotting a Warehouse or

Distribution Center] by By Paul Hansen and Kelvin Gibson


SpaceShaft - Deployment and FIFO delivery

1 And so is the FIFO sequence completed.


Contracting - Damages

1 Furmston, Cheshire, Fifoot Furmston's Law of Contract, 15th edn (OUP: Oxford, 2007) p.779

n.130


Linked list - Circularly linked vs. linearly linked

1 A circularly linked list may be a natural option to represent arrays that are naturally circular, e.g. the corners of a polygon, a pool of data

buffer|buffers that are used and released in FIFO (computing)|FIFO order, or a set of processes that

should be time sharing|time-shared in round-robin scheduling|round-robin

order. In these applications, a pointer to any node serves as a

handle to the whole list.


Apache Hama - BSPMaster

1 Each time the bsp master receives a heartbeat message, it brings up-to-date

groom server status - the bsp master makes use of groom servers' status in order to effectively assign tasks to idle groom

servers - and returns a heartbeat response that contains assigned tasks and others

actions that a groom server has to do. For now, we have a FIFO job scheduler and very

simple task assignment algorithms.


Tax deduction - Cost of goods sold

1 *Conventions for assigning costs to particular goods sold where specific identification is infeasible.Examples

of alternatives to specific identification include first-in-first-out (FIFO), average cost, and last-in-first-out (LIFO). Many EU countries do not

permit LIFO.


GNU kernel - Core servers

1 * 'fwd' (forward server): Forwards requests to other servers, used by fifo and symlink

servers.


Circular queue - Uses

1 In other words, the circular buffer is well-suited as a FIFO (computing)|FIFO buffer while a standard, non-

circular buffer is well suited as a LIFO (computing)|LIFO buffer.


Microsoft Jet Database Engine - History

1 Jet 3.0 included many enhancements, including a new index (database)|index structure that reduced storage size and the time that was taken to create indices that were highly duplicated, the

removal of read lock (database)|locks on index pages, a new mechanism for page reuse, a new compacting method for which compacting the database resulted in the indices being stored in a

clustered-index format, a new page allocation mechanism to improve Jet's read-ahead capabilities, improved delete operations that

speeded processing, Thread (computer science)|multithreading (three threads were used to perform read ahead, write behind, and cache

maintenance), implicit transactions (users did not have to instruct the engine to start manually and commit transactions to the database), a new sort engine, long values (such as memos or binary data types)

were stored in separate tables, and dynamic buffering (whereby Jet's cache was dynamically allocated at start up and had no limit and which changed from a first in, first out (FIFO) buffer replacement policy to a least recently used (LRU) buffer replacement policy)


Xilinx - Virtex family

1 The Virtex series of FPGAs have integrated features that include FIFO

and ECC logic, DSP blocks, PCI-Express controllers, Ethernet MAC

blocks, and high-speed transceivers


Microblaze - Overview

1 User-defined coprocessors are supported through a dedicated FIFO (computing)|FIFO-style connection

called FSL (Fast Simplex Link)


DR-DOS - After Novell

1 The new suite also lacked the SETFIFO command, which had been added with one of the Novell DOS

updates, as well as Fifth Generation's Searchamp;Destroy virus scanner

and Fast-Backup utility, which previously came bundled with Novell

DOS


Tuxedo (software) - Queuing subsystem

1 Queues can be ordered by message availability time, expiration time,

priority, LIFO, FIFO, or a combination


Dijkstra's algorithm - Related problems and algorithms

1 Breadth-first search can be viewed as a special-case of Dijkstra's algorithm

on unweighted graphs, where the priority queue degenerates into a

FIFO queue.


Linux Process Scheduler - Scheduling disciplines

1 In packet-switched computer networks and other statistical multiplexing, the notion of a

'scheduling algorithm' is used as an alternative to FIFO (computing)|first-

come first-served queuing of data packets.


Linux Process Scheduler - First in first out

1 Also known as 'F'irst 'C'ome, 'F'irst 'S'erved (FCFS), is the simplest

scheduling algorithm, FIFO simply queues processes in the order that

they arrive in the ready queue.


Linux Process Scheduler - Shortest remaining time

1 *Waiting time and response time increase as the process's

computational requirements increase. Since turnaround time is

based on waiting time plus processing time, longer processes are significantly affected by this.

Overall waiting time is smaller than FIFO, however since no process has

to wait for the termination of the longest process.


Linux Process Scheduler - Fixed priority pre-emptive scheduling

1 *FPPS has no particular advantage in terms of throughput over FIFO scheduling.


Linux Process Scheduler - Fixed priority pre-emptive scheduling

1 *If the number of rankings is limited it can be characterized as a

collection of FIFO queues, one for each priority ranking. Processes in lower-priority queues are selected only when all of the higher-priority

queues are empty.


Linux Process Scheduler - AIX

1 * First In First Out : Once a thread with this policy is scheduled, it runs to completion unless it is blocked, it voluntarily yields control of the CPU, or a higher-priority thread becomes


policy.


System Restore - Restore points

1 Older restore points are deleted as per the configured space constraint

on a FIFO|First In, First Out basis.


Snapshot algorithm - Definition

1 * The communication channels are

unidirectional and FIFO ordered


Tree traversal - Types

1 This is often done via a Stack (abstract data type)|stack (LIFO) or Queue (abstract data type)|queue

(FIFO)


WebSphere MQ - Features

1 Ordering of all messages is preserved, by default this is in FIFO order of receipt at the local queue

within priority of the message.


WebSphere MQ - Communication

1 Although the queue is FIFO, it is ordered based on the receipt in the local queue, not the committing of

the message from the sender


Heterogeneous computing - Common features

1 :Compute elements may have differing types of interconnect aside from basic memory/bus interfaces. This may include dedicated network

interfaces, Direct memory access (DMA) devices, mailboxes, FIFO

(computing)|FIFOs, and Scratchpad RAM|scratchpad memories, etc.


Container (data structure) - Overview

1 For stacks, access of elements is done using LIFO (computing)|LIFO (Last In First Out)

[http://www.investopedia.com/terms/l/lifo.asp#axzz1ZoGPLx59 LIFO(investopedia.com)]

(alternative name 'FILO' (First In Last Out) and in queues it is done using FIFO (computing)|FIFO

(First In First Out).[http://www.investopedia.com/terms/f/fifo.a

sp#axzz1ZoGPLx59 FIFO(investopedia.com)][http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/

first-in-first-out-FIFO.html FIFO(businessdictionary.com)]


Pipeline (Unix) - Creating pipelines programmatically

1 Named pipes may also be created using mkfifo() or mknod() and then presented as the input or output file

to programs as they are invoked. They allow multi-path pipes to be

created, and are especially effective when combined with standard error redirection, or with tee (command)|

tee.


File (command) - Specification

1 # file must be able to determine the types folder (computing)|directory,

named pipe|FIFO, Unix domain socket|socket, block device file|

special file, and character special file


File (command) - Usage

1 : -i, do not classify the file further than to identify it as either:

nonexistent, a block special file, a character special file, a directory, a

named pipe|FIFO, a socket, a symbolic link, or a regular file


IronMQ

1 'IronMQ' is a message queuing service (a form of message queue offered as a cloud-based service) provided by Iron.io. It is used for

connecting systems via a messaging gateway, buffering webhook events,

and creating loosely coupled distributed cloud applications. IronMQ uses HTTP/REST-based

protocol and supports JSON messages up to 64k; guarantees

order (FIFO); guarantees once only delivery; no delays retrieving

messages. IronMQ also supports the Beanstalk'd open source protocol.


Queue (data structure)

1 In a FIFO data structure, the first element added to the queue will be the first one to be

removed


Queue (data structure) - Queue implementation

1 There are several efficient implementations of FIFO queues. An efficient implementation is one that

can perform the operations—enqueuing and dequeuing—in O(1) scheduler#Meaning of O(1)|O(1)

time.


Packet loss - Acceptable packet loss

1 There are many methods used for determining which packets to drop. Most basic networking equipment will use FIFO queuing for packets waiting to go through

the bottleneck and they will drop the packet if the queue is full at the time the packet is received. This type of packet dropping is

called tail drop. However, dropping packets when the queue is full is undesirable for any

connection that requires real-time throughput.


Individual retirement account - Distribution of funds

1 For Roth IRAs with only contributed funds the cost basis|basis can be

withdrawn before age 59½ without penalty (or tax) on a FIFO|first in first out basis, and a penalty would apply

only on any growth (the taxable amount) that was taken out before

59½ where an exception didn't apply


Cost of goods sold

1 Costs are associated with particular goods using one of several formulas, including specific identification, first-

in first-out (FIFO), or average cost


Cost of goods sold - Overview

1 When multiple goods are bought or made, it may be necessary to identify which

costs relate to which particular goods sold. This may be done using an identification convention, such as specific identification

of the goods, first-in-first-out (FIFO), or average cost. Alternative systems may be

used in some countries, such as last-in-first-out (LIFO), gross profit method, retail

method, or combinations of these.


Cost of goods sold - Identification conventions

1 *First-In First-Out (FIFO) assumes that the items purchased or produced first are sold first. Costs of inventory per unit or item are determined at the time made or acquired. The oldest

cost (i.e., the first in) is then matched against revenue and assigned to cost

of goods sold.


Cost of goods sold - Identification conventions

1 Such reserve (an asset or contra-asset) represents the difference in

cost of inventory under the FIFO and LIFO assumptions


Cost of goods sold - Example

1 If she uses FIFO, her costs are 20

(10+10)



1 Remember, she used up the two 10 cost items already

under FIFO



1 In year 3, Jane sells the last machine for 38 and quits the business. She recovers the last of her costs. Her total profits for the three years are

the same under all inventory methods. Only the timing of income and the balance of inventory differ. Here is a comparison under FIFO,

Average Cost, and LIFO:


Backflush accounting - Meaning of backflushing

1 Cost of ending inventory can be calculated by using the LIFO or FIFO inventory accounting methods, or

other less common methods


Backflush accounting - Alternatives to backflushing

1 If one of the container is empty, the remaining container is swapped with the empty one (FIFO) and production

of the assembly is resumed according to the kanban-quantity

computed by the MES


Kendall's notation

1 When the final three parameters are not specified (e.g. M/M/1 queue), it is assumed K=∞, N=∞ and D=First in

first out|FIFO.


Queue theory - Service disciplines

1 ;FIFO (computing)|First in first out :This principle states that

customers are served one at a time and that the customer that has been

waiting the longest is served first.Penttinen A., Chapter 8 ndash;

Queueing Systems, Lecture Notes: S-38.145 - Introduction to Teletraffic

Theory.


Transaction-level modeling

1 Communication mechanisms such as buses or FIFOs are modeled as channels, and are presented to

modules using SystemC interface classes


Income statement - Usefulness and limitations of income statement

1 * Some numbers depend on accounting methods used (e.g. using

FIFO and LIFO accounting|FIFO or LIFO accounting to measure

inventory#Accounting for inventory|inventory level).


Income statement - Irregular items

1 For example, valuation of inventories using FIFO and LIFO accounting|LIFO instead of average costing|weighted

average method


Seniority - In employment

1 Some traditionalist employers, common in smaller, single-operated

business, take a last in, first out (LIFO (education)|LIFO) perspective,

meaning those that have been there longest, or tenure employees have

the right to stay, whereas others take a first in, first out (FIFO) or inverse seniority viewpoint, which tends to emphasize a new or fresh start for

the company.https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

Low cost carrier terminal - List of proposed budget terminals

1 * Brisbane is considering a LCCT under its master

plan.http://www.brisbanetimes.com.au/queensland/airport-expansion-

would-separate-fifo-budget-travellers-20130617-2oe72.html


Double-ended queue - Distinctions and sub-types

1 This differs from the queue abstract data type or First-In-First-Out List

(FIFO), where elements can only be added to one end and removed from the other. This general data class has

some possible sub-types:


Earnings management - Motivations and methods

1 For example, a comparatively small change in the estimates for Bad

debt|uncollectible accounts can have a significant effect on net income,

and a company using FIFO and LIFO accounting|last-in, first-out

accounting for inventories can increase net income in times of rising

prices by delaying purchases to future periods.


Advance fee fraud

1 There are many variations on this type of scam, including advance-fee fraud, Fifo's Fraud, Spanish Prisoner|

Spanish Prisoner Scam, the black money scam and the Detroit-Buffalo scam. The number 419 refers to the article of the Nigerian Criminal Code


mail, and is now used with the internet.


Nomex - Applications

1 The FIA and the [http://www.sfifoundation.com SFI

Foundation] provide specifications for flame-resistant drivers clothing to be

used in racing


Quod Libet (software) - Features

1 **Control of player using named pipe (FIFO) is possible


Audiobook - Formats

1 However, just like the Tefifon, the format never became widespread in use.[http://books.google.com/books?id=xdwDAAAAMBAJpg=PA141dq=1954+Popular+Mechanics+Januaryhl=ensa=Xei=YWk3T_nDN9HpgAeKh-

DnBQved=0CDcQ6AEwAjgK#v=onepageqf=true Grooved Tape Recording

Plays For Eight Hours.] Popular Mechanics, July 1955, p


Scheduling algorithm - AIX

1 * First In, First Out: Once a thread with this policy is scheduled, it runs to completion unless it is blocked, it voluntarily yields control of the CPU, or a higher-priority thread becomes


policy.


Hemel Hempstead - Sport

1 Hemel Hempstead has several swimming clubs the most notable of

which is Hemel Hempstead Swimming Club, the town also has FIFOLITS Swimming club and also

boasts a swimming squad Dacorum Borough Swimming Squad which

brings together the best swimmers in the Borough.


FB-DIMM - Protocol

1 Because write data is supplied more slowly than DDR memory expects it, writes are buffered in the AMB until

they can be written in a burst. Write commands are not directly linked to the write data; instead, each AMB

has a write data FIFO that is filled by four consecutive write data frames, and is emptied by a write command.


Canned Heat - Canned Heat today

1 By 2000, Robert Lucas had departed and the lineup was completed by Dallas Hodge (vocals, guitar), John Paulus (guitar) and Stanley Baron Behrens (saxophone, flute). Lucas returned to Canned Heat in late 2005 but left again in the fall of 2008. He died, age 46, on November 23,

2008, at a friend's home in Long Beach, Calififornia; the cause was an apparent drug

overdose.[http://www.boston.com/news/nation/articles/2008/11/24/obituaries_in_the_news/]


NuttX - Key features

1 * FIFO and round-robin scheduling


NuttX - Device Drivers

1 * RAM drive|RAMDISK, pipes, FIFO, /dev/null,

/dev/zero drivers


Lean Laboratory - Make value flow and create pull

1 ‘Pull’ is interpreted as testing according to customer priority. If this is not inherent in the order in which

samples arrive, then the samples are taken from an incoming queue

according to customer demand and thereafter processed in FIFO order

with no overtaking.


Garbage in, garbage out - History

1 The term may have derived from FIFO and LIFO accounting, and LIFO (computing)|last-in, first-out (LIFO), first-in, first-out (FIFO) in computing.


Range encoding

1 which effectively rediscovered the FIFO arithmetic code first introduced by Richard

Clark Pasco in 1976.Source coding algorithms for fast data compression

Richard Clark Pasco, Stanford, CA 1976 Given a stream of symbols and their

probabilities, a range coder produces a space efficient stream of bits to represent these symbols and, given the stream and

the probabilities, a range decoder reverses the process.


Pallet racking - Other common types

1 With a FIFO system, pallets are loaded in one end and are pushed back to the other end, where they are then at the front of the row on

the opposite side


Pallet racking - Other common types

1 If the system is loaded from the back and unloaded from the front, its

FIFO; if the system is loaded and unloaded from the front its a LIFO

system.


System Packet Interface - SPI 4.2

1 The FIFO buffer status portion consists of a 2 bit status channel and a clock


Algorithmic synthesis - Interface synthesis

1 Examples might be: direct connection, one line, 2 line handshake, FIFO.DesignCon

[http://www.designcon.com/infovault/paper.asp?PAPER_ID=407 Design

Space Exploration for high performance signal processing

hardware using ESL design metholodologies]


Backup rotation scheme - First In, First Out

1 A FIFO|First In, First Out (FIFO) backup scheme saves new or modified files onto the oldest media in the set, i.e. the media which

contain the oldest and thus least useful previously backed up data. Performing a daily backup onto a set of 14 media, the

backup depth would be 14 days. Each day, the oldest media would be inserted when

performing the backup. This is the simplest rotation scheme, and is usually the first to

come to mind.


Backup rotation scheme - Grandfather-father-son

1 The daily backups are rotated on a daily basis using a FIFO system as

above


Unix filesystem - File types

1 The original Unix file system supported three types of files:

ordinary files, Directory (computing)|directories, and special files, also

known as device files. The Berkeley Software Distribution (BSD) and UNIX System V|System V each added a file

type to be used for interprocess communication: BSD added Berkeley

sockets|sockets, while System V added Named pipe#In Unix|FIFO

files.


Asynchronous circuit - Asynchronous CPU

1 Instead, stages of the CPU are coordinated using logic devices called pipeline controls or FIFO

sequencers. Basically, the pipeline controller clocks the next stage of

logic when the existing stage is complete. In this way, a central

clock is unnecessary. It may actually be even easier to implement high

performance devices in asynchronous, as opposed to

clocked, logic:


Cost basis - Evaluation of methods

1 FIFO is the default method used for brokerage securities if no other is

specified, and generally results in the highest tax bill, as it sells oldest

(hence generally most appreciated) shares first.


Cost basis - 2012 legislation changes

1 Because FIFO and Spec ID require a complete lot history, institutions must transfer and track full lot

history and cannot transfer a rolled up total cost when transferring the

cost basis to another institution


IAS 2 - Overview.

1 IAS 2 also requires the use of First-in, First-out (FIFO) principle whereby the items which have been in stock the

longest are considered to be the items that are being used first,

ensuring those items which are held in inventory at the reporting date are valued at the most recent price. As an alternative, costs of inventories

may be assigned by using the weighted average cost formula.


Weighted fair queuing

1 WFQ is a generalization of fair queuing (FQ). Both in WFQ and FQ, each data flow has a

separate FIFO queue. In FQ, with a link data rate of R, at any given time the N active data flows (the ones with non-empty queues) are serviced simultaneously, each at an average data rate of R/N. Since each data flow has its own queue, an ill-behaved flow (who has sent

larger packets or more packets per second than the others since it became active) will only punish itself and not other sessions.


Xs3p

1 Recently the Distributed Systems Technology Centre|DSTC website,

which was officially hosting the xs3p stylesheet, has become unavailable. A download of the xs3p stylesheet is

available from the [http://xml.fiforms.org/xs3p/ FiForms

XML Definitions] project.


Record locking - Exclusive locks

1 Non-holders of the lock (aka 'waiters') can be held in a list that is serviced in a round robin

fashion, or in a FIFO queue. This would ensure that any possible waiter would get equal chance to obtain the lock and not be

locked out. To further speed up the process, if an entity has gone to sleep waiting for a

lock, performance is improved if the entity is notified of the grant, instead of discovering it

on some sort of system timeout driven wakeup.


Gray code - Gray code counters and arithmetic

1 A typical use of Gray code counters is building a FIFO (first-in, first-out) data buffer that has read and write

ports that exist in different clock domains. The input and output

counters inside such a dual-port FIFO are often stored using Gray code to prevent invalid transient states from

being captured when the count crosses clock

domains.[http://www.stanford.edu/class/ee183/handouts_spr2003/synchronization_pres.pdf Synchronization in

Digital Logic Circuits] by Ryan Donohue


Gray code - Gray code counters and arithmetic

1 The updated read and write pointers need to be passed between clock domains when they change, to be able to track FIFO empty and full

status in each domain


Gray code - Constructing an n-bit Gray code

1 The actors could then be represented by a FIFO|first in, first out Queue

(data structure)|queue, so that (of the actors onstage) the actor being

dequeued is always the one who was enqueued first


419 scams

1 There are many variations on this type of scam, including advance-fee fraud, Fifo's Fraud, Spanish Prisoner|

Spanish Prisoner Scam, the black money scam, and the Detroit-Buffalo scam. The number 419 refers to the article of the Nigerian Criminal Code


mail, and is now used with the Internet.


Blood bank - Alternative inventory/release practices

1 Although as noted the primary inventory-management approach is FIFO to minimize product expiration, there are some deviations from this policy - both in current practice as

well as under research


Blood bank - Alternative inventory/release practices

1 More recently, novel approaches are being explored to complement or

replace FIFO. One is to balance the desire to reduce average product age

(at transfusion) with the need to maintain sufficient availability of

non-outdated product, leading to a strategic blend of FIFO with LIFO

(last-in-first-out).http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21756261


OSEK

1 First In First Out (FIFO) scheduling is used for tasks

with equal priority


Vortex86 - Vortex86MX+

1 This has a 32KB write through 2-way L1 cache, 512KB write through/write back 2-way L2 cache, PCI rev. 2.1 32-

bit bus interface at 33MHz, DDR2, ROM controller, IPC (Internal

Peripheral Controllers with DMA and interrupt timer/counter included), Fast Ethernet, FIFO UART, USB2.0

Host and ATA controller.


Singly linked list - Circularly linked vs. linearly linked

1 A circularly linked list may be a natural option to represent arrays that are naturally

circular, e.g. the corners of a polygon, a pool of data buffer|buffers that are used

and released in FIFO (computing)|FIFO (first in, first out) order, or a set of processes that

should be time sharing|time-shared in round-robin scheduling|round-robin order. In

these applications, a pointer to any node serves as a handle to the whole list.


Tag system

1 A tag system may also be viewed as an abstract machine, called a 'Post tag

machine' (not to be confused with Post-Turing machines)—briefly, a finite state

machine whose only tape is a FIFO Queue (data structure)|queue of unbounded length,

such that in each transition the machine reads the symbol at the head of the queue, deletes a fixed number of symbols from the

head, and to the tail appends a symbol-string preassigned to the deleted symbol


Anonymous pipe

1 In computer science, an 'anonymous pipe' is a simplex channel|simplex FIFO

communication channel that may be used for one-way interprocess communication (IPC). An implementation is often integrated into the operating system's file Input/output|IO

subsystem. Typically a parent program opens anonymous pipes, and creates a new process that inherits the other ends of the pipes, or

creates several new processes and arranges them in a Pipeline (software)|pipeline.


Anti-Romanian discrimination - Yugoslavia and modern Serbia

1 M.Fifor Assimilation or Acculturalisation: Creating Identities in the New Europe


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