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TRANSCRIPT
FIFTH PROGRESS REPORT
FOR
RESEARCH INTO FUNDAMENTAL PHENOMENA ASSOCIATED WITH SPACECRAFT
ELECTROCHEMICAL DEVICES - CALORIMETRY OF NICKEL-CADMIUM
CELLS
July 1, 1967-September 30, 1967
Contract No. NAS 5 - 10105
Prepared by G. D. MITCHELL and R. T. FOLEY
For
National Aeronautics and Space Administration Goddard Space Flight Center
Greenbelt, Maryland
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P
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https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19680018076 2019-12-30T01:30:54+00:00Z
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Abstract ......................... i
L i s t o f Figures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ii
L i s t o f T a b l e s . . .................... iii
I. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
IS. Experinient.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
111. b m l t s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
I V . Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
V. Planned Future Work . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
VI. References .................... 11
Liistribution List .....................
ABSTRACT
The objec t ives of t h i s project are t o t r a i n electrochemists i n
the a rea of bat te ry research and t o c o l l e c t electrochemical and ther-
modynamic da ta of value t o projects being conducted a t the Goddard
Space F l igh t Center.
The work completed during t h i s report ing period involved
measuring t h e thermal cha rac t e r i s t i c s of a 20 ampere-hour nickel-
cadmium c e l l during 90-minute cycles including 30-minute discharge
a t 25% depth and 60-minute charge a t lO5$ ra te .
ated from the experiment were taken from the selected o r b i t s
numbers 18, 19, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 82, and 90. The parameters
measured during the course o f the experiment were, the thermal
output, the e l e c t r i c a l work, the c e l l po ten t ia l , the pressure
transducer s ignal , and t h e Adhydrode signal. The m a x i m u m thermal
output of 4 w a t t s i s ten ta t ive ly reported, recognizing t h a t i t s
va r i a t ion from other measurements must be explained by fur ther
investigation. The enthalry (AH) of reac t ion was calculated from
t h i s experimen, a s 31.5 Kcal/e~uiv.. The re la t ionship between the
above ce l l parameters during the experiment were a l so observed and
discussed.
The da ta tabul-
i
LIST OF FIGURZS
Figure 1. Cxperimental parameters measured during a t J r p i c a l o r b i t . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Figure 2. Change of oxygen pressure with time during c y c l e n u r n b e r 5 0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Figure 3. Relationship between c e l l pressure and ce l l potential during a typical cycle . . . . . . . . . 8
KST OF TABUS
Table I. Experimental Series F . Orblt #18 . . . . . . . 12
13 14
15
16
17
18
19
302....... 20
. Table 11. n n n # 1 9 . . . * . . .
n n #20 . . . Table 111. n
Table I V . It I@ n " # 3 0 . * . . e e .
Table V. n IQ H #40.......
Table V I . n n H #50.*.*...
. . .. Table VII. It n n #60....... .. Table VIII. n 0 n X 7 0 . . . . . . .
Table I X n I# n n
21 Table X 0 I#
Table XI Experimental Series C . Orbit #47 . . . . . . . . 22
n it #90 0
Table XI1 P I I1 I* 0 840 . . . . . . . . 23
.
e
e
P I
Research I n t o Fundamental Phenomena Associated With Spacecraft Electrochemical Devices - Calorimetry
of Nickel - Cadmium Cells
I INTRODUCTION
The objectives of this project are
1) t o t r a i n electrochemists in the area of battery research
and
2) t o co l lec t electrochemical and thermodynamic data of value
t o projects being conducted a t the Goddard Space Flight Center.
A review of the accomplishment j u s t p r ior t o July 1, 1967
would show
1) the design and construction of a larger calorimeter t o
accommodate higher capacity cel ls ;
2) a change i n the f low pattern of the o i l external t o the
calorimeter t o achieve more uniform thermal response;
3) the construction of an improved heat exchanger for the
constant temperature bath and
4)
Following the above changes
the construction of a new thermopile.
cal ibrat ion experiments were per-
formed on the heater and the pressure transducer.
During the present reporting period the first i n a series of
experiments on a 20 ampere - hour nickel-cadmium c e l l were performed.
T h i s experiment consisted of cycling a 20 ampere-hour c e l l through
90 orb i t s a t 25% depth of discharge and a 105% r a t e of recharge.
11. EXPERIMENTAL
Experimental Se r i e s F involved cycling a 20 ampere- hour nickel-
cadmium cell through 90 orbi t s . Each o r b i t was of 90-minute dura t ion
-30 minutes i n discharge and 60 minutes in charge. The discharge w a s
a t 2596 depth or ac tua l ly a t 9.90 amperes; t he charge r a t e was 105%
or 5.20 amperes.
type V0-20 HSAC f i t t e d with a pressure transducer.
The nickel-cadmium c e l l was a Gulton Industries
During the test
program t h e cur ren t and voltage of t h e c e l l were recorded on individual
Honeywell Electronik 17 recorders, Model 311. The Adhydrode *
s igna l
and the pressure transducer s igna l w e r e both recorded in m i l l i v o l t s
on kbseley Autograf S t r i p Chart Recorders Model 680. The thermal
measuring c i r c u i t consisted of an L & N s t ab i l i zed DC microvolt
amplifier 39335-B and the L & E Speedomax Tupe "G" recorder. A
co3plete desciption of the apparatus used i s given i n the F i r s t
FTogress Report. The parameters measured during a typ ica l o r b i t
a re plotted as a function of time i n Figure 1. The magnitude of
these cuan t i t i e s va r i e s from run t o run depending on the capacity
o f the c e l l and other f a c t o r s but t h i s f i g u r e i l l u s t r a t e s the over-
a l l measurement program and t h e r e l a t ionsh ip of the measurements
t o each o the r .
* Adhydrode, the th i rd cont ro l e lec t rode o f a Gulton Ni-Cd c e l l
- 2 -
0
..
0 cn Q
0 m II >
.-
- E 0 0 4
- 3 -
cn c
111. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
After allowing the experiment t o run the f u l l 90 o r b i t s the da ta
were tabulated a t five minute in t e rva l s s t a r t i n g approximately 24
hours a f t e r the i n i t i a l o r b i t o f t he experimental series.
given i n Tables 1 4 0 w e r e taken from o r b i t s numbers 18, 19, 20, 30,
40, 50, 60, 70, 82, and 90 respectively. An examination of Tables
1-10 shows t h a t the ce l l reached a steady s t a t e after about 24 hours.
Several points from these data might be discussed.
The data
The f i r s t is the heat output during the discharge cycle - which
approximates 4 wat t s a f t e r 15 minutes in to t h e cycle. This heat
output i s high i n comparison t o some other values. For example,
under comparable charge - discharge conditions the 6 ampere-hour
c e l l produced about 0.7 wat t s (3).
value of about 2.33 wat t s would be expected. Some recent da ta col-
lected on another 20 ampare-hour c e l l of the same type are reported
i n t a b l e s 11-12. The thermal output here approximates 1.2 watts.
These d i f fe ren t values are reported a t t h i s time recognizing t h a t
an explanation of the discrepancy requi res fu r the r work.
in te rpre ta t ion t h a t can be given a t t h i s point i s t h a t they repres-
en t ac tua l var ia t ions i n t h e thermal output of the two cells. This
aspect of the problem i s under study.
On a r e l a t i v e capacity bas i s a
The bes t
Once the c e l l reached the steady state condition, achieved
i n t h i s experiment a f t e r 24 hours, there was very l i t t l e va r i a t ion
i n the c e l l voltage a t aqy specflied time during the 90 minute cycle
i n aw of the 90 o r b i t s recorded.
during the l a s t 10 minutes of t he discharge cycle,
The c e l l voltage reached 1.38 V. f o r t y minutes i n t o the charge cycle.
0 4 -
The ce l l voltage w a s uniform
1.25-1.26 V.0
Examination of aqy one orb i t shows t h a t a steady s t a t e cond-
i t i o n vas es tabl ished about 45 minutes i n t o the charge cycle.
Because of the thermodynamic s t a b i l i t y of t h e system a t t h i s steady
s t a t e the da ta co l lec ted a t 45 minutes i n t o the charge cycle were
used t o calculate a AH for t h e change,
Ni(OH)2 + Cd(OH)2 = Cd + pNiOOH
The average value f o r the calculated enthalpy of reac t ion was 31.5
Kcal / equiv..
Further evaluat ion of Tables 1-10 shows t h e re la t ionship between
o the r ce l l parameters during the 25% depth of discharge experiment.
The heat output of t he system (9) was g rea t e s t during the period
of grea tes t oxygen consumption; as the discharge cycle neared com-
p l e t ion the heat output was a m a x i m u m and the oxygen pressure was
approaching a minimum (Fig. 1). The charging period may be divided
i n t o two time segments, the f i r s t is characterized by a low r a t e of
oxygen consumption and a sharp decrease in t h e r m a l output.
second i s charac te r i ted by both the oxygen pressure and the heat
increasing.
The
A p lo t of c e l l pressure vs. time f o r an average o r b i t a t 255
depth of discharge and 105% ra te of recharge is shown i n Fig. 2.
It may be noted t h a t a res idual pressure of approximately 6.5 ps ia
was observed. This pressure was due t o argon, the atmosphere under
which the pressure transducer was affixed t o the cell. Fig. 2 may be
divided in to two par t s , the charge portion and the discharge portion.
The discharge port ion shows the usual decrease in pressure with time.
- 5 -
W z
v) >
z w
X 0
w 0 lr
I 0
a
t I I I I I I 0 IC)
In cu 0 - d 0
I -
1 -
.II ,I I I 1
- 6 -
During the charging period t h e ce l l pressure decreases t o a minimum
where it remains r e l a t ive ly constant f o r a period before it begins t o
rise. The r a t e of oxygen production during t h e charge port ion appears
t o be divided i n t o two periods. The first period includes about 20 t o
25 minutes of t he charging portion of the cycle. During t h i s per-
iod oxygen i s produced a t a lou but cont inual ly increasing rate. The
second phase s t a r t i n g about 45 minutes i n t o the charging port ion
of t h e cycle i s characterized by a s teep ascent i n the oxygen press-
ure curve.
The re la t ionship between c e l l po ten t i a l and ce l l pressure dur-
ing the charge and discharge portions of an o r b i t i s shown in Fig-
ure 3. A t t he i n i t i a t i o n of t h e discharge port ion of the o r b i t there
i s an abrupt drop in potent ia l of approximately 0.1 v o l t from 1.45 V.
t o 1.35 v.. This i s followed by a gradual decrease u n t i l a p o t e n t
i a l of approximately 1.25 is reached. During the charge portion
t h e changes i n ce l l pressure may a l so be r e l a t ed t o changes i n ce l l
po ten t ia l . The i n i t i a l s tep in t h i s port ion is a f a l l i n c e l l press-
u re t o a point where the ce l l pressure is equal t o the res idua l
pressure in the cell. There is a corresponding small increase i n the
po ten t i a l of the c e l l from 1.25 V. t o approximately 1.32 v.. When the
ce l l i s i n the range of 1.32 V. t o 1.35 V. t h e ce l l pressure remains
t h a t of the res idua l pressure. A t a poten t ia l of about 1.35 V. the
pressure begins t o increase. Between 1.35 V. and 1.40 V. t h e r a t e
of omgen production is ra ther rapid.
i n c e l l pressure with c e l l potent ia l r e r a ins more or less constant
Beyond t h i s point the change
f o r the remainder of t h e charging period. It would appear t h a t with
- 7 -
A a i= z W t- 0 n v) >
J
I . 8 .
--tn . . . , . , . _L
...
...i .... j - j
, .
i I
O - - L I * , ,
. /
! ! . :
__ . .. . - 4
. ' ! ' , . , . . . , '. ' ! 1 ~
. 4 . . I . . . . , . , . . -..I -
e
zl ' 8
'1 1 I 1
i
f u r t h e r ana lys i s it should be possible t o r e l a t e the chemical com-
pos i t ion of the electrode with potent ia l and oxygen pressure.
IV. CONCLUSIONS
The experimental value of 31.5 Kcal/equiv. f o r the AH of the
charging reac t ion i s i n reasonable agreement with c e r t a i n values
reported in the l i t e r a t u r e , e.g. t h e value of 32 Kcal/equiv. given
by Salkind and Bruins (1). Our value of 31.5 Kcal/equiv. is lower
than some values given by other invest igators , 8.g. Othmer and Gil-
Rant (2) and Webster and Foley (3).
of t h i s decrease , or whether it is due t o experimental e r r o r , must
wait f o r fh ture supporting data.
However, the in t e rp re t a t ion
It is expected t h a t p l o t s r e l a t ing c e l l po ten t ia l and c e l l
pressure such as given in Figure 3 will be useful i n in t e rp re t ing
the thermodynamics of the c e l l reaction during various port ions
of the charge-discharge cycle.
The l a rge thermal output of 4 wat ts i s d i f f i c u l t t o explain
It aypears t o be t h e (abnormal) i n l i g h t of other measurements.
c h a r a c t e r i s t i c of t h e 20 ampere-hour c e l l used i n the test.
result i s being checked.
T h i s
8
V. PLANNSD FUTURE WORK
It i s planned to continue the investigation of the thermal
characteristics of the 20 ampere-hour c e l l utilizing other depths of
discharge (15% and 40$) .
VI. REFERENCES
1.
2.
Salkind, A. J. and Bruins, PDF. , J. Electrochem. Soc. 109, 350 (1962).
m e r , D. and Gilmont, R., Ind. Eng. dhem. &, 858 (1944).
3. Webster, W. H., and Foley, B. T., "First Progress Report for Research Into rhndamntrl Phenomena Associated with Spacecraft' Electro- chemical Devices - Calorimetry of NickeloCadmiurn cellsn Contract No. NAS 5-10105 (1966).
.
Experirent.1 Series F
8 1
u) m 10
z w
-1
z
0
z
0 a I C I il
L M & a u
ne lins. )
.schargc
0 5
10 15 20 25 30
large
5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60
duhl
30 m i ) 60 fi
Q (Watts)
-0.95 -2.60 -3.69 -3.97 -4 10 -4.09 -3.97
-3.13 -1.80 -1.00 -0.56 -0.34 -0 20 -0.15 -0.08 -0 08 -0 15 -0.28 -0 . 65
T_Q
9.90 a 20
W Watts)
bl4.3 -12.9 -12 e 7 -12 a 5
-12.4 -12.4
4 -12
6.71 6.86 6.86 6.97 7.02 7.02 7 012 7.18 7.18 7.18 7.38 7 a 4 9
5 for 2 lor
AH d a t t s e
-15.2.
-16. -16.4 -16.y -16.55 -16.4
-15.2
3.58 5.06 5.86 6.41 6.68 6.82 6.97 7.10 7.10 7.03 7.10 6.84
- 1 2 -
w35.4 -36.0 .%e1
-38 .3 -38.4 -38 a 4 -38.1
15.9 ; 30 22 a4 28 26.0 28 28.4 28 29.6 20 30.2 28 30.9 29 3.5 31 31.5 40 31.2 52 31.5 75 30.3 102
'
w g e n XWSSUIW .S.I.A.'
41 31 23 17 u . 5 10 7.5
7 6 6 6 6 6 ' 6.5 7
11 20 25 35
Mb- drdde
290 265 a 5 175 146 122 106
LO2 88 82 80 80 80 81 90 ,12 L55 !lo m5
8 I
L U J
Tbe [.ins.
Lschargc
0 5
10 15 20 25 30
large
5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60
ndiuau
1 3 0 d ) 6 0 ~
Q ( k t t 8 )
-0.95 -2.60 -3.69 -3.97 -4 010 -4.04 -3.97
-3.13 -1.86 -1.00 -0.60 -0.38 -0 20 -0.15 -0.15 -0 009 -0.15 -0 30 -0.65
i ! !
- -
Sa 1
I.
:vo
1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1.
1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1 .' 1.
-
Experimental Series F
t 9.90 5.20
W Watts)
-14. 3 -12.5 - l 2 m '7 -12.5 -12 ,4 -12.,4 1
-12.4 '
6.71 6.86 6.86 6 097 7.02 7.02 7.12 7.18 7.18 7.18 7.38 7.49
btI Wattsec
AH (Kcal/ equiv. 1
-16.4 -16.5 -16.4 -16.4
3.58 5.00 5.86 6.37 6.64 6 -82 6.97 7.03 7.09 7.03 7.08 6.84
- 13 -
! 1
i f doem Rate
!
115 92 70 55 42 3s 32
30 28 28 28 28 28 29 32 40 52 75 100
31 j 267 23 a 217 17 i 174 11 ' 145 10 7.5
7 6 6 6 6 6 6.5 7.5
11 20 25 35
121 105
100 88 82 80 80 80 81 90
110 155 220 300
I
i
!
I !
I
i
i
! ,
i 1
i !
I
I
I
i I I
i
i I ! ! I
! I 1
I
8 I Experimental Series F
A&!&_l, . L I_-
ns. doc. ns. C. a
E (Vol t r )
1.44 l a 3 0
uxuion
1) 30 IN 2 ) 60 XIL
Q ( W b t ts)
-0.80 -2.60 -3.63 -3.97 -4 09 -4.04 -3.97
-3.06 -1.80 -1.00 -0.60 -0.34 -0.20 -0 15 -0.11 -0 . 11 -0.U -0.18 -0.65
. I Q r b i r t d l I,
' 1
li i! , Time i(mins.)
jl
Mschargl
I O 3 5
10 15
I 20 25
0 30
I
I I
! I
I I !
g Rechar e Rate I 1 W
(we tts 1 AH
fatLsec Adhy- drade 1 (anr)
282 262 210 170 141 120 103
-14 3 -12m 9
1.28 -12.7 1.26 1 -12.5
1.25 1-12.4
la25 j -12.4 1.25 -12.4
1
-15.1 -15 5 -16.3 -16.4 -16.5 -16.4 -16.4
I
.Charge '!
1 I
; 5 10
, : 15 20 ( 1 25
i 30 35
I I 40 c I! 45
I 50 t 55 i 60 !
100 87 81 80 79 80 80 88
148 212 298
106
1.29 la32
6.71 6.86 6.86 6.97 7.02 7.02 7.12 7.18 7.18
3.65 5.06 5.86 6.37 6.68 6.82 6.97 7 007 7.07 7.07 7.20 6.04
16.2 22.4 I 28 26.0 27 28.2 ' 27 29.6 30.2 30.9 31.4 31.4 31.4 31.9 30.3
27 27 29 32 40 52 75
100
7.18 la42 7.38 1.44 35
i I
1 j
I !
I
I
! 1
I
! - 14 - - I ij
i
8 I Ekperimental Series F
E-
ldiuam
) 3 0 = ) 6 o m
Q (Watts)
-0.80
-3.64 -2.50
-3.97 -4.04 -3.98 -3.97
-3.06 -L8O -1.00 -0 55 -0.34 -0.20 -0.19 -0.08 -0.08 -0.11 LO019 -0.56
Tablc tv- 0
__c-
t 9.90 5.20 ~m
W Watts)
-14.3
-12 e 7 -12.9
-12.5 -12.4 -12.4 -12 04
6.71 6086 6.86 6.97
7.12
7.02 7.02
7.18 7.18 7018 7.38 7.49
bit #30 1
1 -35.8 1 -35 1
-39.0
-16.4 '
-16.4
3.65 5.06 5.86 6.42 6068 6.82 6.93 7.10 7.10 7 e 0 7 7-19 6.93
- 15 .
-3.1 -38.1
16.2 22.4 26.0 28.5 29.6 30.2
31.5 31.5 31.4 31.9 30.7
30.7
110 90 47 53 44 40 35
32 30 30 30 29 29 30 33 40 53 72 100
boleen 'ressure :P.S.I .A
39 30.5 21 16 12 11 8.5
7.3 7 7 7 6 4 6.5 7 8 11 16 23.5 35
250 242 194 157 190 110 92
90 81 00 78 77 76 78 82 94 127 180 260 i
. .
2) 60 I
Q (Watts)
Tab;
Experimental Series F
V - Orbit #40 c
W '8tt8)
amps for mps f o r 1
6H w.tesec
110 90 70 55 46 40 35
34 30 30 30 30 30 32 35 42 55 75
100
Experimental Series F
i j i 'i Time I q 1 E ij (rins.) (Watts) (Volts)
1 !I ; I i
I
i ! I f !
:/Mscharg{ ! i ,i l o il i o
5
I : !Charge
5 10
1 ; 15 20
ii 25 30 i 35
60
i i
f -4.04 , !
-3.17 -1.80 -1.00 -0.55 -0 31 -0.20 -0.08 -0 08 -0.08 -0.08 -0 . 20 -0.55
I ! ! I
! I 1
i i ! i I 1
I
!
1.26
1.29 1-32 1.32 1.34 1.34 1.35 1.35 1.38 1.38 1.38 1.42 1.44
I&.--.=
--
a t 9.9C ; 5.20 a
W Watts)
-14.11 -12.9 -12.7
----t-- amps for/25$ Dept ps fo r 1b$ Reche
I I I
equiv. 1
-15.5 -16.4
6.71 6.86 6.86 6.97 6.97 7.02
7.18 7.18 7.18 7.38 7.49
7.02
-16.5
3.54 5.06 5.86 6.42 6.66 6.82 6.94 7.10 7.10 7.10 7.18 6.94
- 17
-36.0 -38.1 -38.3 -38. 3 -38.5 -38. 5
15. 7 22.4 26.0 28 05 29.5 30.2 308 31.5 31 05 31 0 5 31.8 30.8
112 90 70 56 48 40 37
33 32 30 30 30 32 33 38 42 56 80 105
!
i I
!
f I
!
j !
i I
I
I
!
1
1
i j
i
I
j 1 i
~
I
i
25Oc
nditionr
.> 30 m I) 60 m
Q Watts)
-0 a80 -2.60 -3.69 -3.97 -4.10 -4.09 -3.97
-3.06 -1.80 -1.00 -0 55 -0.31 -0 15 -0.08 -0.08 -0.05 -0.08 -0.20 -0.55
Exprimento1 Series F
Table VU: - OrMt C60
IS. doc. is. C. a
E Volts)
1 A 5 1.35 1.35 1.26 1.26 1.26 1.26
1.29 1.32 1.32 1.34 1.34 1.35 1.38 1.38 1.38 1.38 1.3s 1.44
L t 9.90 5-20 ~1
W watt8)
-14 J+ -13 k -13 k -12 05 -12 a 3 -12 a 5 J2.5
6.71 6.86 6.86 6.97 6.97 7.02 7.18 7.18
7.18 7.18 7.49
7.18
mps for I for 1
@ dates0
-152
-17.1 -16.0
-16.k -16.6
-16.4 -16.6
3.65 5.06 5.86 6.42 6.66 6.87
7.10 7.10
7.13
6.98 6-94
7.10
- 18
_ _
resmre
-35.3 115 -372 92 -39.7 72 -383 -38 .6 -38.5 -38 .3
16, 2 22.4 26,o 28.5 29.5 30.5 31.5 31.5 31.6
30.8 31-0
30.8
js 48 40 40
35 33 32 32 30 32 34 37 40 54 75 100
w g e n . O S W O '8 S .I
41 31 23.5 18 13.5 11 11
6.5 8 7.5 7.5 7 7.5 8.5 9.5 11 16 25 35
Adhy- drodo (4
230 246 198 162 136 115 98
86 82 80 80 80 80 80 86 98 122 169 240
1 1 I
. ~ .-
8 I 1 8 i
8 8 1 8 I I I
I, I
8- 8 8 R
Experimental Series F
I I I i I
I I
11) 30 m h t e 6 d.;. a t 9 . t a m p s fofi 25% d e p h of d.cb 12) 60 mtnutes c . ' a t 5.20 ps f o r rechbrgo rate; i
I I I 1 I ' Time l Q E W i AH AH / ~ e s s u r e ' w g e n m y -
( m b s . ) ' (watts) ( v o l t s ) (Watts) /Watt-sec)(Kcal/ ' Trans- Pressure, drode
Discharge I
0 -0.82 1
5 1 -2.60 i
10 1 -3.75 15 1 -4.09
, 20 , -4.10 ' 1 25 1 &,lo
30 -4.04 I I i
Charge i
5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 9 55 60
I /
1 1 -3.13 1 -1.82 -1.00
I -0.31 1 -0.20
j -0.06
I I -0.56
' -0.08
~ -0.05 1 -0.08 -0.20 ! -0.55
1
I I
I
1.44 1.35 1.29
1.26
1.26
1.27
1.26
1.29 1.29 1.32 1.34 1.34 1.34 1.35 1.38 1.38 1.38 1.42 1.44
I I ' equiv. Iducer ,mv psia
I
-14.3 -15.1 -35.1 -13.4 1 -16.0 1 -37.2
-38 5 -38 8
-12.8 -16.5
-12.5 i -16.6 -12.5 1 -16.6 -12.3 I -16.5
i
-12.6 I -16.7
I
6.71 6.71 6.86 6.97 6.97 6.97 7.02 7.18 7.18 7.18 7.38 7.49
-38.6 -38.6 -38 5
3.58 15.9
5.86 26.0 6.41 1 28.4
6.77 I 30.0
7.12 31.6 7.13 1 31.6
4.89 21.7
6066 1 29.5
6.94 30.8
7.10 31.5 7.18 31.8 6.94 j 30.8
I
112 92 72 60 50 42 40
35 32 32 32 32 32 34 40 45 58 80 1 12
39.5 228 243 i 31
i 23.5 I 195 I
18.5
11.5 ~ 112 i
i
~ 160 I 14.5 : 133 I
11 I 98 I I I
9 I 87 7.5 82 7.5 I 80 7.5 I 80 7.5 I 80 7.5 1 SO 8.5 , 80 11 86 12.5 18 26.4 39.5
i !
I j
0 I C
CbUaL
t'ime rim. )
Lschrrg
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
h.rge
5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60
1 Otuhul
1) 30 2) 60
9 nlrtts
4.77 -2.69 -3.75 -4.04 -4.10 -4.10 -3.98
-3.17 -1.86 -1.00 -0.55 -0.31 -0.15 -0.08 -0 05 -0.02 -0.06 -0.08 -0.55
418 IX Orb
IS. dec IS. C.
E roits)
1.45 1.35 1.29 1.26 1.26 1.26 1.26
1.29 1.29 1.32 1.34 1.34 1.34 1.35 1.37 1.39 1.39 1.42 1.44
a t 9.9 ;. 5.20 4
W W 8 t t 4 )
-14.4 -13.4 -12.8 -12.5 -12.5 -u*5 -12 4.
6.71 6.71 6.86 6.97 0 7 6.97 7 e02 7.12 7.7, 7.23 7.38 7 .49
laps fo1 bs for :
dEI htb8U
-S.l -16.1 -16.5 -16.2 -16.
-16.5 -16.6
3.9 4.85 5.86 6.42 6.66 6.82 6.94 7 eo7 7.22 7.17 7.33 6.94
- 20
112 100 80 65 53 47 42
40 40 3s 3s 38 38 3s 38 39 50 70 100
b-
:- 1 Lmde
245 260 210 175 150 128 112
100 98 95 93 92 92 95 100 112 140 192 272
Experimental Series F
Table X - O r b i t #90 25'C
Pressuret I Oxygen ! Adhy-
T r a n s Pressure1 drede iucer(mv ( P o S a I m A / ) (m) i
I
AH i i AH
i I
i
Tire Q \ E (&sa) (Watts) ' (Volts)
1
i Yschargd
1.45 1.35 1.29 1.26 1.26 1.26 1.26
1.29 1.29 1.29 1.33 1.34 1.34 1.35 1.37 1.38 1.38 1.42
-15.2
-16. 6 -16.6
-16.1
-16.6 -16.6 -16 5
3.58 4.79 5.71 6.36 6.66 6.77 6 a 9 4 7 a 0 7 7.13 7.12
115 105 80 75 55 50 50
42 38 38 38 37 37
41 37
25 17 1405 14.5
26.5
0 5
10 15 20 25 30
5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60
245 262 212 175 1% 130 112
! 10 1 95 I i n
I - c 1 1,
70 100 270 ' 35
i 1 i
I i ! !
1
I I
~~ ~
Experimental Series G
Discharg+
0 5 10 15 20
: 25 I 30
Charge
0 5 10
I1 15 20 25 30 35 40 45
' 5 0 55 60
-1 020 -1.02 -0.60 -0.49 -0.21 -0.05 0 a 0 3 O m 11 Om12 0.13 0.13 0-09 Om07
I
E W (vol ts ) ( w a t t s )
5 amps lor 25% d unps for/ 105% rec
AH AH ,wat t= (Kcal/
40 40 38 36 34 32 31
30 30 29 28 27 26 26 25 26 27 30 34 39
~
hdhydroc (m)
92 110 107 100 91
77 a2
89 78 72 64 56 51 47 44 44 49 60 80 107
Experimental Series G
k ) 30 mqutes dmc 2) 60mifutesc.
I I I I
i , I
Time I q ' E (mins.) (watts) I (volts)
I
Msch arg;e I
I
Charge
0 5
I 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 59
il
1 a 3 1 3 1.291 1.274 1 255 1.234 1.221 1.201
1.277 1,312 1 . 329
Om01 Om08 Om12 0.13 Om11 0 a09 0 a07
i
1 373
1.391 1 .400 1 a406 1.419
1.382
1.428
W (watts)
a t 9.95 t 5.25 a
AH
sec) (watt-
-13.0 -13.1 -13.2 -13.3 -13 3 -13.2 -13.0
5.23 3.87 6.28 6.63 6.87 7.16 7.22 7.33 7.42 7.48 7.49 7.53 7.56
m p s for/ 25% de& of doc, pa for 105% rech
I I
I i AH hessure m g e n
(Kcal/ Transducer Press- esuiv.) (mV)
i
37 37 36 36 32 30 30
30 30
27 26 25 25 26 27 29 32 36
l ure ' (psia)
............. - ~ -
. ......... I ... - I
i 4 dhydrod (mV>
I
I I
91 99 97 90 a2 1
74 j 69 I
90 83 74 65 58 52 47 44 U I
49 I 74 5 6 1 94 I I