Figure 17.2

Figure 17.3

Marine Fisheries and their Uses

I. Food(1% of all food eaten)•Finfish (“fish”) 84% total worldwide catch,

16% of animal protein consumed by humans•Shellfish: molluscs and crustaceans•Other marine food: sea cucumber, jellyfish, polychaete worms, sea urchin roe, algae

II. Industrial fisheries (not for direct human consumption) Herring, sardine, anchovies (schools of plankton feeders- largest catches in the world, one third of world total) Uses: fish meal for chicken feed; oil for margarine, paint, & cosmetics; petfood; fertilizer.

Marine fisheries are overexploited: Worldwide catch of seafood stabilized in 1980s

Figure 17.4

Gill net

Purse seine

trawls

longline

Drift nets

Tuna, other fish

Tuna & largeschools of small

plankton feeders -herring, anchovies

Tuna, other fish

Shrimp, cod, hake,haddock

fish

How much fish to catchand not kill off the fishery?

Catch limits set by managers: Based on Maximum

Sustainable Yield

Goal: keep “stock” of fishat a constant, “healthy” size

Figure 17.10

Catch-effortcurve

Tsukiji fish Market, Tokyo

1 million tons sold per year1 million sea creatures for sale each day“Wild-caught” gameCaught with high tech capture techniques

Tuna

Dolphin-safe tuna?US Fishermen:1970s 200,000 dolphins/year killed1995 < 20,000 “ “ “

“Dolphin safe”? Purse seines vs. “Log” Fishing for Tuna

1000 set nets:500 dolphins52 Billfish

10 sea turtles0 sharks

1000 nets using logs:2 dolphins

654 billfish (swordfish, marlin)102 sea turtles13,958 sharks

APPETIZERS & SALADS 

New England Clam Chowder$5.50

oyster crackers

Grilled Ahi Tuna Salad Pad Thai$9.00

with sticky rice and chilled vegetables   ENTRÉES 

Spinach Pasta$14.00

artichoke hearts, wild mushroom pesto, red swiss chard, fresh mozzarella

Grilled Arctic Char$19.00

king crab compound butter, fried leeks, steamed rice, sauteed vegetables

Rotisserie Chicken $15.00

Pan Roasted Carrots and Beets with honey and mint, mashed potatoes and rutabagas.

Grilled Ahi Tuna$19.00

shiitake mushroom butter sauce, soft parmesan polenta, sauteed spinach

Menu

Galapagos

New law on GalapagosNo new settlement unless you are related to current resident

New national school curriculumSchools must teach about local habitat and value

Gulf of California, Mexico and Galapagos, Ecuador

Sub-tropical, temperate climate/seaDesert coast

Many rare species and endemic species (found no where else)Panamic origin for many of marine species

Developing countries with great natural beauty/rich fisheriesConflict tourism and fisheries

Population increase and settlementSea cucumber fishery (violence in Galapagos)

Murex snail fishery