figure 50.37 ball-and-socket joint head of humerus scapula hinge joint humerus ulna radius pivot...
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MUSCULAR SYSTEM
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Figure 50.37
Ball-and-socket joint
Head ofhumerus
Scapula
Hinge joint
Humerus
Ulna Ulna Radius
Pivot joint
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Muscle
Bundle ofmuscle fibers
Nuclei
Single muscle fiber (cell)
Plasma membrane
MyofibrilZ lines
Sarcomere
Figure 50.26a
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Z lines
Sarcomere
TEM0.5 m
Z line
M line
SarcomereZ line
Thickfilaments(myosin)
Thinfilaments(actin)
Figure 50.26b
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Figure 50.30a
Synapticterminal
Axon ofmotor neuron
T tubule
Sarcoplasmicreticulum (SR)
Myofibril
Plasmamembraneof muscle fiber
SarcomereCa2 released from SR
Mitochondrion
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Figure 50.29
TropomyosinActin Troponin complex
Ca2-binding sites
(a) Myosin-binding sites blocked
Ca2
Myosin-binding site
(b) Myosin-binding sites exposed
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Thin filament
Myosin head (low-energy configuration)
ATP
Thickfilament
Myosin-binding sitesActin
High-energy configuration
ATP
ADP P i
ADPCross-bridge
Low-energy configuration
Thin filament movestoward center of sarcomere.
P i
3
4
2
1
5
P i
ADP
Figure 50.28a-5
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Figure 50.31 Spinal cord Motorunit 1
Motorunit 2
Synaptic terminals
Nerve
Motor neuroncell body
Motor neuronaxon
Muscle
Tendon
Muscle fibers
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2
Synaptic terminal of motor neuron
Synaptic cleft T tubule
Sarcoplasmicreticulum (SR)
Plasma membrane
ACh
Ca2 pumpCa2
Ca2
CYTOSOL
ATP
1
3
4
5
6
7
Figure 50.30b
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Figure 50.32
Tetanus
Summation oftwo twitches
Singletwitch
Actionpotential Pair of
actionpotentials
Series of actionpotentials at
high frequency
Time
Ten
sio
n
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