figure 6-1 pulse modulation: (a) analog signal; (b) sample ...hab/ch06.pdf · figure 6-6 output...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: FIGURE 6-1 Pulse modulation: (a) analog signal; (b) sample ...hab/CH06.pdf · FIGURE 6-6 Output spectrum for a sample-and-hold circuit: (a) no aliasing; (b) aliasing distortion Tomasi](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022040600/5e89d2a937e74b3240094f88/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
FIGURE 6-1 Pulse modulation: (a) analog signal; (b) sample pulse; (c) PWM; (d) PPM; (e) PAM; (f) PCM
Tomasi
Advanced Electronic Communications
Systems, 6e
Copyright ©2004 by Pearson Educat ion, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
![Page 2: FIGURE 6-1 Pulse modulation: (a) analog signal; (b) sample ...hab/CH06.pdf · FIGURE 6-6 Output spectrum for a sample-and-hold circuit: (a) no aliasing; (b) aliasing distortion Tomasi](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022040600/5e89d2a937e74b3240094f88/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
FIGURE 6-2 Simplified block diagram of a single-channel, simplex PCM transmission system
Tomasi
Advanced Electronic Communications
Systems, 6e
Copyright ©2004 by Pearson Educat ion, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
![Page 3: FIGURE 6-1 Pulse modulation: (a) analog signal; (b) sample ...hab/CH06.pdf · FIGURE 6-6 Output spectrum for a sample-and-hold circuit: (a) no aliasing; (b) aliasing distortion Tomasi](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022040600/5e89d2a937e74b3240094f88/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
FIGURE 6-3 Natural sampling: (a) input analog signal; (b) sample pulse; (c) sampled output
Tomasi
Advanced Electronic Communications
Systems, 6e
Copyright ©2004 by Pearson Educat ion, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
![Page 4: FIGURE 6-1 Pulse modulation: (a) analog signal; (b) sample ...hab/CH06.pdf · FIGURE 6-6 Output spectrum for a sample-and-hold circuit: (a) no aliasing; (b) aliasing distortion Tomasi](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022040600/5e89d2a937e74b3240094f88/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
FIGURE 6-4 Flat-top sampling: (a) input analog signal; (b) sample pulse: (c) sampled output
Tomasi
Advanced Electronic Communications
Systems, 6e
Copyright ©2004 by Pearson Educat ion, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
![Page 5: FIGURE 6-1 Pulse modulation: (a) analog signal; (b) sample ...hab/CH06.pdf · FIGURE 6-6 Output spectrum for a sample-and-hold circuit: (a) no aliasing; (b) aliasing distortion Tomasi](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022040600/5e89d2a937e74b3240094f88/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
FIGURE 6-5 (a) Sample-and-hold circuit; (b) input and output waveforms
Tomasi
Advanced Electronic Communications
Systems, 6e
Copyright ©2004 by Pearson Educat ion, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
![Page 6: FIGURE 6-1 Pulse modulation: (a) analog signal; (b) sample ...hab/CH06.pdf · FIGURE 6-6 Output spectrum for a sample-and-hold circuit: (a) no aliasing; (b) aliasing distortion Tomasi](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022040600/5e89d2a937e74b3240094f88/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
FIGURE 6-6 Output spectrum for a sample-and-hold circuit: (a) no aliasing; (b) aliasing distortion
Tomasi
Advanced Electronic Communications
Systems, 6e
Copyright ©2004 by Pearson Educat ion, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
![Page 7: FIGURE 6-1 Pulse modulation: (a) analog signal; (b) sample ...hab/CH06.pdf · FIGURE 6-6 Output spectrum for a sample-and-hold circuit: (a) no aliasing; (b) aliasing distortion Tomasi](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022040600/5e89d2a937e74b3240094f88/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
FIGURE 6-7 Output spectrum for Example 15-2
Tomasi
Advanced Electronic Communications
Systems, 6e
Copyright ©2004 by Pearson Educat ion, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
![Page 8: FIGURE 6-1 Pulse modulation: (a) analog signal; (b) sample ...hab/CH06.pdf · FIGURE 6-6 Output spectrum for a sample-and-hold circuit: (a) no aliasing; (b) aliasing distortion Tomasi](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022040600/5e89d2a937e74b3240094f88/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
TABLE 6-1 Three-Bit PCM Code
Tomasi
Advanced Electronic Communications
Systems, 6e
Copyright ©2004 by Pearson Educat ion, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
![Page 9: FIGURE 6-1 Pulse modulation: (a) analog signal; (b) sample ...hab/CH06.pdf · FIGURE 6-6 Output spectrum for a sample-and-hold circuit: (a) no aliasing; (b) aliasing distortion Tomasi](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022040600/5e89d2a937e74b3240094f88/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
TABLE 6-2 Three-Bit PCM Code
Tomasi
Advanced Electronic Communications
Systems, 6e
Copyright ©2004 by Pearson Educat ion, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
![Page 10: FIGURE 6-1 Pulse modulation: (a) analog signal; (b) sample ...hab/CH06.pdf · FIGURE 6-6 Output spectrum for a sample-and-hold circuit: (a) no aliasing; (b) aliasing distortion Tomasi](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022040600/5e89d2a937e74b3240094f88/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
FIGURE 6-8 (a) Analog input signal; (b) sample pulse; (c) PAM signal; (d) PCM code
Tomasi
Advanced Electronic Communications
Systems, 6e
Copyright ©2004 by Pearson Educat ion, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
![Page 11: FIGURE 6-1 Pulse modulation: (a) analog signal; (b) sample ...hab/CH06.pdf · FIGURE 6-6 Output spectrum for a sample-and-hold circuit: (a) no aliasing; (b) aliasing distortion Tomasi](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022040600/5e89d2a937e74b3240094f88/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
FIGURE 6-9 PAM: (a) input signal; (b) sample pulse; (c) PAM signal
Tomasi
Advanced Electronic Communications
Systems, 6e
Copyright ©2004 by Pearson Educat ion, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
![Page 12: FIGURE 6-1 Pulse modulation: (a) analog signal; (b) sample ...hab/CH06.pdf · FIGURE 6-6 Output spectrum for a sample-and-hold circuit: (a) no aliasing; (b) aliasing distortion Tomasi](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022040600/5e89d2a937e74b3240094f88/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
FIGURE 6-10 Linear input-versus-output transfer curve: (a) linear transfer function; (b) quantization; (c) Qe
Tomasi
Advanced Electronic Communications
Systems, 6e
Copyright ©2004 by Pearson Educat ion, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
![Page 13: FIGURE 6-1 Pulse modulation: (a) analog signal; (b) sample ...hab/CH06.pdf · FIGURE 6-6 Output spectrum for a sample-and-hold circuit: (a) no aliasing; (b) aliasing distortion Tomasi](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022040600/5e89d2a937e74b3240094f88/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
TABLE 6-3 Dynamic Range versus Number of PCM Magnitude Bits
Tomasi
Advanced Electronic Communications
Systems, 6e
Copyright ©2004 by Pearson Educat ion, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
![Page 14: FIGURE 6-1 Pulse modulation: (a) analog signal; (b) sample ...hab/CH06.pdf · FIGURE 6-6 Output spectrum for a sample-and-hold circuit: (a) no aliasing; (b) aliasing distortion Tomasi](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022040600/5e89d2a937e74b3240094f88/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
FIGURE 6-11 (a) Linear versus (b) nonlinear encoding
Tomasi
Advanced Electronic Communications
Systems, 6e
Copyright ©2004 by Pearson Educat ion, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
![Page 15: FIGURE 6-1 Pulse modulation: (a) analog signal; (b) sample ...hab/CH06.pdf · FIGURE 6-6 Output spectrum for a sample-and-hold circuit: (a) no aliasing; (b) aliasing distortion Tomasi](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022040600/5e89d2a937e74b3240094f88/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
FIGURE 6-12 Idle channel noise
Tomasi
Advanced Electronic Communications
Systems, 6e
Copyright ©2004 by Pearson Educat ion, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
![Page 16: FIGURE 6-1 Pulse modulation: (a) analog signal; (b) sample ...hab/CH06.pdf · FIGURE 6-6 Output spectrum for a sample-and-hold circuit: (a) no aliasing; (b) aliasing distortion Tomasi](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022040600/5e89d2a937e74b3240094f88/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
FIGURE 6-13 Basic companding process
Tomasi
Advanced Electronic Communications
Systems, 6e
Copyright ©2004 by Pearson Educat ion, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
![Page 17: FIGURE 6-1 Pulse modulation: (a) analog signal; (b) sample ...hab/CH06.pdf · FIGURE 6-6 Output spectrum for a sample-and-hold circuit: (a) no aliasing; (b) aliasing distortion Tomasi](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022040600/5e89d2a937e74b3240094f88/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
FIGURE 6-14 PCM system with analog companding
Tomasi
Advanced Electronic Communications
Systems, 6e
Copyright ©2004 by Pearson Educat ion, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
![Page 18: FIGURE 6-1 Pulse modulation: (a) analog signal; (b) sample ...hab/CH06.pdf · FIGURE 6-6 Output spectrum for a sample-and-hold circuit: (a) no aliasing; (b) aliasing distortion Tomasi](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022040600/5e89d2a937e74b3240094f88/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
FIGURE 6-15 -law compression characteristics
Tomasi
Advanced Electronic Communications
Systems, 6e
Copyright ©2004 by Pearson Educat ion, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
![Page 19: FIGURE 6-1 Pulse modulation: (a) analog signal; (b) sample ...hab/CH06.pdf · FIGURE 6-6 Output spectrum for a sample-and-hold circuit: (a) no aliasing; (b) aliasing distortion Tomasi](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022040600/5e89d2a937e74b3240094f88/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
FIGURE 6-16 Digitally companded PCM system
Tomasi
Advanced Electronic Communications
Systems, 6e
Copyright ©2004 by Pearson Educat ion, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
![Page 20: FIGURE 6-1 Pulse modulation: (a) analog signal; (b) sample ...hab/CH06.pdf · FIGURE 6-6 Output spectrum for a sample-and-hold circuit: (a) no aliasing; (b) aliasing distortion Tomasi](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022040600/5e89d2a937e74b3240094f88/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
FIGURE 6-17 255 compression characteristics (positive values only)
Tomasi
Advanced Electronic Communications
Systems, 6e
Copyright ©2004 by Pearson Educat ion, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
![Page 21: FIGURE 6-1 Pulse modulation: (a) analog signal; (b) sample ...hab/CH06.pdf · FIGURE 6-6 Output spectrum for a sample-and-hold circuit: (a) no aliasing; (b) aliasing distortion Tomasi](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022040600/5e89d2a937e74b3240094f88/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
FIGURE 6-18 12-bit-to-8-bit digital companding: (a) 8-bit 255 compressed code format; (b) 255 encoding table; (c) 255 decoding table
Tomasi
Advanced Electronic Communications
Systems, 6e
Copyright ©2004 by Pearson Educat ion, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
![Page 22: FIGURE 6-1 Pulse modulation: (a) analog signal; (b) sample ...hab/CH06.pdf · FIGURE 6-6 Output spectrum for a sample-and-hold circuit: (a) no aliasing; (b) aliasing distortion Tomasi](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022040600/5e89d2a937e74b3240094f88/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
FIGURE 6-19 12-bit segments divided into subsegments: (a) segment 7; (Continued)
Tomasi
Advanced Electronic Communications
Systems, 6e
Copyright ©2004 by Pearson Educat ion, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
![Page 23: FIGURE 6-1 Pulse modulation: (a) analog signal; (b) sample ...hab/CH06.pdf · FIGURE 6-6 Output spectrum for a sample-and-hold circuit: (a) no aliasing; (b) aliasing distortion Tomasi](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022040600/5e89d2a937e74b3240094f88/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
FIGURE 6-19 (Continued) (b) segment 5
Tomasi
Advanced Electronic Communications
Systems, 6e
Copyright ©2004 by Pearson Educat ion, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
![Page 24: FIGURE 6-1 Pulse modulation: (a) analog signal; (b) sample ...hab/CH06.pdf · FIGURE 6-6 Output spectrum for a sample-and-hold circuit: (a) no aliasing; (b) aliasing distortion Tomasi](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022040600/5e89d2a937e74b3240094f88/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Tomasi
Advanced Electronic Communications
Systems, 6e
Copyright ©2004 by Pearson Educat ion, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
FIGURE 6-19 (Continued) (c) segment 2
![Page 25: FIGURE 6-1 Pulse modulation: (a) analog signal; (b) sample ...hab/CH06.pdf · FIGURE 6-6 Output spectrum for a sample-and-hold circuit: (a) no aliasing; (b) aliasing distortion Tomasi](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022040600/5e89d2a937e74b3240094f88/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
FIGURE 6-20 Delta modulation transmitter
Tomasi
Advanced Electronic Communications
Systems, 6e
Copyright ©2004 by Pearson Educat ion, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
![Page 26: FIGURE 6-1 Pulse modulation: (a) analog signal; (b) sample ...hab/CH06.pdf · FIGURE 6-6 Output spectrum for a sample-and-hold circuit: (a) no aliasing; (b) aliasing distortion Tomasi](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022040600/5e89d2a937e74b3240094f88/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
FIGURE 6-21 Ideal operation of a delta modulation encoder
Tomasi
Advanced Electronic Communications
Systems, 6e
Copyright ©2004 by Pearson Educat ion, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
![Page 27: FIGURE 6-1 Pulse modulation: (a) analog signal; (b) sample ...hab/CH06.pdf · FIGURE 6-6 Output spectrum for a sample-and-hold circuit: (a) no aliasing; (b) aliasing distortion Tomasi](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022040600/5e89d2a937e74b3240094f88/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
FIGURE 6-22 Delta modulation receiver
Tomasi
Advanced Electronic Communications
Systems, 6e
Copyright ©2004 by Pearson Educat ion, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
![Page 28: FIGURE 6-1 Pulse modulation: (a) analog signal; (b) sample ...hab/CH06.pdf · FIGURE 6-6 Output spectrum for a sample-and-hold circuit: (a) no aliasing; (b) aliasing distortion Tomasi](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022040600/5e89d2a937e74b3240094f88/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
FIGURE 6-23 Slope overload distortion
Tomasi
Advanced Electronic Communications
Systems, 6e
Copyright ©2004 by Pearson Educat ion, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
![Page 29: FIGURE 6-1 Pulse modulation: (a) analog signal; (b) sample ...hab/CH06.pdf · FIGURE 6-6 Output spectrum for a sample-and-hold circuit: (a) no aliasing; (b) aliasing distortion Tomasi](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022040600/5e89d2a937e74b3240094f88/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
FIGURE 6-24 Granular noise
Tomasi
Advanced Electronic Communications
Systems, 6e
Copyright ©2004 by Pearson Educat ion, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
![Page 30: FIGURE 6-1 Pulse modulation: (a) analog signal; (b) sample ...hab/CH06.pdf · FIGURE 6-6 Output spectrum for a sample-and-hold circuit: (a) no aliasing; (b) aliasing distortion Tomasi](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022040600/5e89d2a937e74b3240094f88/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
FIGURE 6-25 Adaptive delta modulation
Tomasi
Advanced Electronic Communications
Systems, 6e
Copyright ©2004 by Pearson Educat ion, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
![Page 31: FIGURE 6-1 Pulse modulation: (a) analog signal; (b) sample ...hab/CH06.pdf · FIGURE 6-6 Output spectrum for a sample-and-hold circuit: (a) no aliasing; (b) aliasing distortion Tomasi](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022040600/5e89d2a937e74b3240094f88/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
FIGURE 6-26 DPCM transmitter
Tomasi
Advanced Electronic Communications
Systems, 6e
Copyright ©2004 by Pearson Educat ion, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
![Page 32: FIGURE 6-1 Pulse modulation: (a) analog signal; (b) sample ...hab/CH06.pdf · FIGURE 6-6 Output spectrum for a sample-and-hold circuit: (a) no aliasing; (b) aliasing distortion Tomasi](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022040600/5e89d2a937e74b3240094f88/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
FIGURE 6-27 DPCM receiver
Tomasi
Advanced Electronic Communications
Systems, 6e
Copyright ©2004 by Pearson Educat ion, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
![Page 33: FIGURE 6-1 Pulse modulation: (a) analog signal; (b) sample ...hab/CH06.pdf · FIGURE 6-6 Output spectrum for a sample-and-hold circuit: (a) no aliasing; (b) aliasing distortion Tomasi](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022040600/5e89d2a937e74b3240094f88/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
FIGURE 6-28 Pulse response: (a) typical pulse response of a bandlimited filter; (b) spectrum of square pulse with duration 1/T
Tomasi
Advanced Electronic Communications
Systems, 6e
Copyright ©2004 by Pearson Educat ion, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
![Page 34: FIGURE 6-1 Pulse modulation: (a) analog signal; (b) sample ...hab/CH06.pdf · FIGURE 6-6 Output spectrum for a sample-and-hold circuit: (a) no aliasing; (b) aliasing distortion Tomasi](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022040600/5e89d2a937e74b3240094f88/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Tomasi
Advanced Electronic Communications
Systems, 6e
Copyright ©2004 by Pearson Educat ion, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
FIGURE 6-29 Pulse response: (a) NRZ input signal; (b) output from a perfect filter; (c) output from an imperfect filter
![Page 35: FIGURE 6-1 Pulse modulation: (a) analog signal; (b) sample ...hab/CH06.pdf · FIGURE 6-6 Output spectrum for a sample-and-hold circuit: (a) no aliasing; (b) aliasing distortion Tomasi](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022040600/5e89d2a937e74b3240094f88/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Tomasi
Advanced Electronic Communications
Systems, 6e
Copyright ©2004 by Pearson Educat ion, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
FIGURE 6-30 Eye diagram measurement setup
![Page 36: FIGURE 6-1 Pulse modulation: (a) analog signal; (b) sample ...hab/CH06.pdf · FIGURE 6-6 Output spectrum for a sample-and-hold circuit: (a) no aliasing; (b) aliasing distortion Tomasi](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022040600/5e89d2a937e74b3240094f88/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Tomasi
Advanced Electronic Communications
Systems, 6e
Copyright ©2004 by Pearson Educat ion, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
FIGURE 6-31 Eye diagram
![Page 37: FIGURE 6-1 Pulse modulation: (a) analog signal; (b) sample ...hab/CH06.pdf · FIGURE 6-6 Output spectrum for a sample-and-hold circuit: (a) no aliasing; (b) aliasing distortion Tomasi](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022040600/5e89d2a937e74b3240094f88/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Tomasi
Advanced Electronic Communications
Systems, 6e
Copyright ©2004 by Pearson Educat ion, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
FIGURE 6-32 Binary digital signals: (a) /T < 0.5; (b) /T = 0.5