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While driving on highways, motorists should not exceed the maximum

speed limit permitted for their vehicle. However, accidents keep

occurring due to speed violations since the drivers tend to ignore their

speedometers.

This speed checker will come handy for the highway traffic police as it

will not only provide a digital display in accordance with a vehicle’s

speed but also sound an alarm if the vehicle exceeds the permissible

speed for the highway.

The system displays the time taken by the vehicle in crossing this 100m

distance from one pair to the other with a resolution of 0.01 second, from

which the speed of the vehicle can be calculated.

ABSTRACT

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POWER SUPPLY

230 V AC

50 Hz

5V

DC

12V step downtransformer

Filter(470µf)

5v RegulatorBridge rectifier

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555 TIMER

The 555 Timer IC is an integrated circuit (chip) implementing a variety of timer

and multivibrator applications

The 555 has three operating modes:

•Monostable mode: in this mode, the 555 functions as a "one-

shot". Applications include timers, missing pulse detection,

switches, touch switches, frequency divider, capacitance

measurement, pulse-width modulation (PWM) etc.

•Astable - free running mode: the 555 can operate as an

oscillator. Uses include LED and lamp flashers, pulse

generation, logic clocks, tone generation, security alarms, pulse

position modulation, etc.

•Bistable mode or Schmitt trigger: the 555 can operate as a

flip-flop, if the DIS pin is not connected and no capacitor is

used. Uses include bounce free latched switches, etc.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Signetics_NE555N.JPG

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Pin Name Purpose

1 GND Ground, low level (0 V)

2 TRIG OUT rises, and interval starts, when this input falls below 1/3 V CC.

3 OUT This output is driven to +V CC or GND.

4 RESET A timing interval may be interrupted by driving this input to GND.

5

CTRL

"Control" access to the internal voltage divider (by default, 2/3V

CC).

6 THR The interval ends when the voltage at THR is greater than at CTRL.

7 DIS Open collector output; may discharge a capacitor between intervals.

8 V +, V CC Positive supply voltage is usually between 3 and 15 V.

Internal architecture of 555 timer

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CD4026

The count advances as the

clock input becomes high (onthe rising-edge).

The outputs a-g go high tolight the appropriate

segments of a common-cathode 7-segment displayas the count advances.

The maximum output currentis about 1mA with a 4.5Vsupply and 4mA with a 9Vsupply.

This is sufficient to directlydrive many 7-segment LEDdisplays.

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FEATURES

Counter and 7-segment decoding in one

package Easily interfaced with 7-segment display types

Fully static counter operation: DC to 6 MHz(typ.) at VDD = 10 V

Ideal for low-power displays Display enable output (CD4026B)

100% tested for quiescent current at 20 V

Standardized, symmetrical outputcharacteristics

5-V, 10-V, and 15-V parametric ratings

Schmitt-triggered clock inputs

Meets all requirements of JEDEC Tentative"

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CD4011-NAND GATE

NAND gate is the opposite of the digital AND gate, and behaves in a

manner that corresponds to the opposite of AND gate

The NAND gate is significant because any Boolean function can be

implemented by using a combination of NAND gates. This property is called

functional completeness

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i.e the programs written in one of the HLL like ‘C’ will compile the

code to run on the system for a particular processor like x86

(underlying microprocessor in the computer).

For example compilers for Dos platform is different from the

Compilers for Unix platform So if one wants to define a compiler

then compiler is a program that translates source code into object

code.

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