filipino architecture
DESCRIPTION
filipino architectureTRANSCRIPT
his
tory
of arc
hitectu
re
20th C:
MODERN
ISLAMIC
CHINESE
JAPANESE
INDIAN
FILIPINO
FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE
his
tory
of arc
hitectu
re
FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE
INFLUENCES
A. HISTORY
Pre-Colonial:
immigrants of Malay origin, food
gatherers and hunters
3000 BC, joined by advanced
agricultural race from Indonesia
barangays as tribal system
converted to Islam in 1300 AD
trade center of the Orient
Spanish Rule:
1521 Ferdinand Magellan landed
1564 Miguel Lopez de Legazpi
brought Christianity
until 1900's
nationalist movement by Jose
Rizal, unsuccessful revolt by
Aguinaldo
American Rule:
islands ceded to America, as a
result of Spanish war with USA
fighting
self-government
Japanese Invasion:
December 1941
puppet government
liberation by Gen. McArthur in
July 1945
independence in 1946
3rd largest English-speaking
country in the world
citadel of Christianity and
democracy in East Asia
mixture of races: Malay, Chinese,
Spanish
B. RELIGION
Roman Catholics
Islam
Protestants
Aglipayan
Iglesia ni Kristo
20th C:
MODERN
ISLAMIC
CHINESE
JAPANESE
INDIAN
FILIPINO
his
tory
of arc
hitectu
re
FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE
ARCHITECTURAL
CHARACTER
A. DESCRIPTION
tropical architecture
open and transparent
light
SCHOOLS:
Escuela Practica Y Profecional de
Artes Oficio de Manila (1890)
taught maestros de obras
Liceo de Manila
MO-P “Maestros de Obra-Practica”
MO-A “Maestros de Obra-
Academia”
Escuela de Ingenieria Y Arquitectura
closed after one year
Mapua Institute of Architecture
(1925)
1st school of Architecture
Adamson University
2nd school of Architecture
UST College of Architecture (1930)
3rd school of architecture
ORGANIZATIONS:
Philippine Architects Society
Philippine Institute of Architects
League of Philippine Architects
Association of Phil. Government
Architects
PIA + LPA + APGA = United
Architects of the Philippines
EXAMPLES
PRE-SPANISH HOUSES
Bahay Kubo style of dwelling
well- adapted to tropical climate
of wood, bamboo, and palm
leaves
20th C:
MODERN
ISLAMIC
CHINESE
JAPANESE
INDIAN
FILIPINO
his
tory
of arc
hitectu
re
FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE
Samal
Maranao
Badjao
Yakan
Mindanao & Sulu Region Cordillera Region
Isneg Kalinga
Kankanai
Ifugao Bontoc
20th C:
MODERN
ISLAMIC
CHINESE
JAPANESE
INDIAN
FILIPINO
Island of Panay
Ivatan, Mangyan, Subanun, Mandaya
Bahay Kubo
his
tory
of arc
hitectu
re
FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE
Cordillera Region 20th C:
MODERN
ISLAMIC
CHINESE
JAPANESE
INDIAN
FILIPINO
ISNEG BINURON
homes of the Isneg boatpeople
pyramidal or hipped roof
annex on one or both ends
removable sidings for special
occasions
his
tory
of arc
hitectu
re
FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE
20th C:
MODERN
ISLAMIC
CHINESE
JAPANESE
INDIAN
FILIPINO
ISNEG BINURON
Cordillera Region
his
tory
of arc
hitectu
re
FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE
20th C:
MODERN
ISLAMIC
CHINESE
JAPANESE
INDIAN
FILIPINO
ISNEG BINURON
Cordillera Region
his
tory
of arc
hitectu
re
FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE
Cordillera Region
KALINGA BINAYON
octagonal or rectangular
painted round human figures
roof ridge perpendicular to river
loft or granary hides roof
20th C:
MODERN
ISLAMIC
CHINESE
JAPANESE
INDIAN
FILIPINO
his
tory
of arc
hitectu
re
FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE
Cordillera Region
KALINGA BINAYON
20th C:
MODERN
ISLAMIC
CHINESE
JAPANESE
INDIAN
FILIPINO
his
tory
of arc
hitectu
re
FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE
Cordillera Region
KALINGA BINAYON
20th C:
MODERN
ISLAMIC
CHINESE
JAPANESE
INDIAN
FILIPINO
his
tory
of arc
hitectu
re
FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE
Cordillera Region 20th C:
MODERN
ISLAMIC
CHINESE
JAPANESE
INDIAN
FILIPINO
BONTOC HOUSES
SAGADA
house within a house
shelter for rice, chickens,
pigs, and people
his
tory
of arc
hitectu
re
FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE
Cordillera Region 20th C:
MODERN
ISLAMIC
CHINESE
JAPANESE
INDIAN
FILIPINO
BONTOC HOUSES
SAGADA
his
tory
of arc
hitectu
re
FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE
Cordillera Region 20th C:
MODERN
ISLAMIC
CHINESE
JAPANESE
INDIAN
FILIPINO
BONTOC HOUSES
SAGADA
his
tory
of arc
hitectu
re
FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE
Cordillera Region 20th C:
MODERN
ISLAMIC
CHINESE
JAPANESE
INDIAN
FILIPINO
IFUGAO
built on the rice terraces
near a spring or grove
entry faces down slope
his
tory
of arc
hitectu
re
FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE
Cordillera Region 20th C:
MODERN
ISLAMIC
CHINESE
JAPANESE
INDIAN
FILIPINO
IFUGAO
his
tory
of arc
hitectu
re
FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE
Cordillera Region
KANKANAI BINANGIYAN
Similar to the ifugao house
ridge parallel to front
made of narra or pine
20th C:
MODERN
ISLAMIC
CHINESE
JAPANESE
INDIAN
FILIPINO
his
tory
of arc
hitectu
re
FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE
Cordillera Region
KANKANAI BINANGIYAN
20th C:
MODERN
ISLAMIC
CHINESE
JAPANESE
INDIAN
FILIPINO
his
tory
of arc
hitectu
re
FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE
Mindanao & Sulu Region 20th C:
MODERN
ISLAMIC
CHINESE
JAPANESE
INDIAN
FILIPINO
BADJAO
ladder serves as wash area
mirrors symbolize the
number of children
lipa, djenging, and dapang
houseboats
his
tory
of arc
hitectu
re
FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE
Mindanao & Sulu Region 20th C:
MODERN
ISLAMIC
CHINESE
JAPANESE
INDIAN
FILIPINO
BADJAO
his
tory
of arc
hitectu
re
FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE
SAMAL HOUSE
Mindanao & Sulu Region 20th C:
MODERN
ISLAMIC
CHINESE
JAPANESE
INDIAN
FILIPINO
his
tory
of arc
hitectu
re
FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE
SAMAL HOUSE
Mindanao & Sulu Region 20th C:
MODERN
ISLAMIC
CHINESE
JAPANESE
INDIAN
FILIPINO
his
tory
of arc
hitectu
re
FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE
SAMAL HOUSE
Mindanao & Sulu Region 20th C:
MODERN
ISLAMIC
CHINESE
JAPANESE
INDIAN
FILIPINO
his
tory
of arc
hitectu
re
FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE
Mindanao & Sulu Region 20th C:
MODERN
ISLAMIC
CHINESE
JAPANESE
INDIAN
FILIPINO
YAKAN HOUSE
elevated 2 to 3 meters
above ground
kitchen annex
door faces east
rooms and steps are odd
his
tory
of arc
hitectu
re
FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE
Mindanao & Sulu Region 20th C:
MODERN
ISLAMIC
CHINESE
JAPANESE
INDIAN
FILIPINO
YAKAN HOUSE
his
tory
of arc
hitectu
re
FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE
Mindanao & Sulu Region 20th C:
MODERN
ISLAMIC
CHINESE
JAPANESE
INDIAN
FILIPINO
MARANAO TOROGAN
House built for sultans and datus
Arranged in a line along the river
Elevated 2 to 3 meters above ground
Windows face front and right
Panolong and okir carvings
A lamin or tower built atop the
torogan hides the sultan’s daughter
his
tory
of arc
hitectu
re
FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE
Mindanao & Sulu Region 20th C:
MODERN
ISLAMIC
CHINESE
JAPANESE
INDIAN
FILIPINO
MARANAO TOROGAN
his
tory
of arc
hitectu
re
FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE
Island of Panay 20th C:
MODERN
ISLAMIC
CHINESE
JAPANESE
INDIAN
FILIPINO
BAHAY KUBO
bamboo house on stilts
home to an extended family
often surrounded by a garden
his
tory
of arc
hitectu
re
FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE
Island of Panay 20th C:
MODERN
ISLAMIC
CHINESE
JAPANESE
INDIAN
FILIPINO
BAHAY KUBO
his
tory
of arc
hitectu
re
FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE
Island of Panay 20th C:
MODERN
ISLAMIC
CHINESE
JAPANESE
INDIAN
FILIPINO
BAHAY KUBO
his
tory
of arc
hitectu
re
FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE
SPANISH CHURCHES
Calasiao, Pangasinan
2nd best bell tower
by Fr. Ramon Dalinao
20th C:
MODERN
ISLAMIC
CHINESE
JAPANESE
INDIAN
FILIPINO
his
tory
of arc
hitectu
re
FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE
SPANISH CHURCHES
Laoag Church, Ilocos Norte
by Fr. Joseph Ruiz
sinking belltower
20th C:
MODERN
ISLAMIC
CHINESE
JAPANESE
INDIAN
FILIPINO
his
tory
of arc
hitectu
re
FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE
SPANISH CHURCHES
Las Pinas Church
by Fr. Diego Cera
20th C:
MODERN
ISLAMIC
CHINESE
JAPANESE
INDIAN
FILIPINO
his
tory
of arc
hitectu
re
FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE
SPANISH CHURCHES
Loboc, Bohol
biggest number of murals on
walls and ceilings
20th C:
MODERN
ISLAMIC
CHINESE
JAPANESE
INDIAN
FILIPINO
his
tory
of arc
hitectu
re
FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE
SPANISH CHURCHES
Manila Cathedral
by Bishop Domingo Salazar
20th C:
MODERN
ISLAMIC
CHINESE
JAPANESE
INDIAN
FILIPINO
his
tory
of arc
hitectu
re
FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE
SPANISH CHURCHES
Miagao Church, Ilo-ilo
by Fr. Fernando Comporedondo
20th C:
MODERN
ISLAMIC
CHINESE
JAPANESE
INDIAN
FILIPINO
his
tory
of arc
hitectu
re
FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE
SPANISH CHURCHES
Morong Church, Rizal
Spanish Baroque style
by Fr. Blas dela Madre
20th C:
MODERN
ISLAMIC
CHINESE
JAPANESE
INDIAN
FILIPINO
his
tory
of arc
hitectu
re
FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE
SPANISH CHURCHES
Panay Church
largest bell, from 30 sacks of coins
donated by townspeople
20th C:
MODERN
ISLAMIC
CHINESE
JAPANESE
INDIAN
FILIPINO
his
tory
of arc
hitectu
re
FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE
SPANISH CHURCHES
Quiapo Church
restored by Juan Nakpil and Jose
Maria Zaragosa
20th C:
MODERN
ISLAMIC
CHINESE
JAPANESE
INDIAN
FILIPINO
his
tory
of arc
hitectu
re
FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE
SPANISH CHURCHES
San Agustin Church
by Fr. Juan Macias
20th C:
MODERN
ISLAMIC
CHINESE
JAPANESE
INDIAN
FILIPINO
his
tory
of arc
hitectu
re
FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE
SPANISH CHURCHES
San Sebastian
one of first steel buildings
steel from Belgium by Eiffel
20th C:
MODERN
ISLAMIC
CHINESE
JAPANESE
INDIAN
FILIPINO
his
tory
of arc
hitectu
re
FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE
SPANISH CHURCHES
Taal Church, Batangas
by Fr. Martin Aguirre
biggest church
20th C:
MODERN
ISLAMIC
CHINESE
JAPANESE
INDIAN
FILIPINO
his
tory
of arc
hitectu
re
FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE
SPANISH CHURCHES
Sta. Ana Church, Manila
by Fr. Vicente Ingles
restored by Juan Nakpil
20th C:
MODERN
ISLAMIC
CHINESE
JAPANESE
INDIAN
FILIPINO
his
tory
of arc
hitectu
re
FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE
SPANISH CHURCHES
Sto. Nino, Cebu
by Diego de Herrera
20th C:
MODERN
ISLAMIC
CHINESE
JAPANESE
INDIAN
FILIPINO
his
tory
of arc
hitectu
re
FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE
UNESCO WORLD HERITAGE LIST
San Agustin, Intramuros
Miagao Church, Ilo-ilo
San Agustin, Paoay, Ilocos Norte
Sta. Monica, Ilocos Sur
SPANISH HOUSES: BAHAY-NA-
BATO
evolved from the Bahay Kubo:
tropical house
steep, hip roof
post and lintel construction
light and airy structure
elevated living quarters
economy of materials
space flowing from one room to
next
Spanish, Neo-Classical, Gothic,
and Baroque influence:
grandeur and solidity
ornamentation
Vigan Houses
Antillan Houses
Ivatan Houses
PARTS
FIRST FLOOR:
Zaguan, for caroza
Quadra, horse stable
Bodega, storeroom
SECOND FLOOR:
Stairway
Caida, ante-sala from stairs
Sala, living room
Comedor, dining room
Cocina, kitchen
Dispensa, pantry
Letrina or Comun, toilet
Baño, bath
Azotea, open terrace
Aljibe, water cistern
Cuarto, Alcoba, Dormitorio
Entresuelo, vault
Balcon, balcony
Patio, courtyard
20th C:
MODERN
ISLAMIC
CHINESE
JAPANESE
INDIAN
FILIPINO
his
tory
of arc
hitectu
re
FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE
20th C:
MODERN
ISLAMIC
CHINESE
JAPANESE
INDIAN
FILIPINO
his
tory
of arc
hitectu
re
FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE
20th C:
MODERN
ISLAMIC
CHINESE
JAPANESE
INDIAN
FILIPINO
his
tory
of arc
hitectu
re
FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE
Kapatas, foreman
Balangkas, framework
Dos Aguas, gable roof
Kuling, girder
Sepo, girt
Canal, groove
Alulod o Kanal, gutter
Caida, hall
Bisagra, hinge
Pulgada, inches
Pendulum, king post
Piyon, laborer
Asinta, laying of CHB
Sibe, lean-to roof
Dulang, low table
Kantero, Mason
Kanto Mesa, miter
Paupo, mortar
Kostura, mortar joints
Estanyo, Nikolite bar
Truerka, nut
Estopa, oakum
De Bandeha, panel door
Lingueta, GI strap
Tapon, plug
20th C:
MODERN
ISLAMIC
CHINESE
JAPANESE
INDIAN
FILIPINO
MORE VERNACULAR TERMS:
Unosinotra, alternate/staggered
Liyabe, anchor
Batidura, astragal
Medya Agua, awning
Barandillas, baluster
Rodapis, baseboard
Tirante, bottom chord
Pie de Gallo, brace
Ladrillo, brick
Kostilyahe, ceiling joists
Sinturon, collar
Larga Masa, concrete slab
Escondro, crushed stone
Abang, dowel
Tubo de Banada, downspout
Escombro, earth fill
Alero, eaves
Tabike, exterior siding
Piye, feet
Batidura, fillet
Dotal, floorboards
Soleras, floor joists
Guililan, floor sill
Suelo, flooring
Alahado, flush
his
tory
of arc
hitectu
re
FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE
Pergola, trellis
Kilo, truss
Asolehos, wainscoting tiles
Bagad, wall post
Pitsa, washer
Pasamano, window sill
Poleya, wiring knob
Haspe, wood grain
Tabla, wood plank
Plantsuela, wrought iron strap
Palitada, plaster
Kalinya, aligned
Trankilya, barrel bolt
Biga, beam
Hiero, iron
Kisame, ceiling
Baral de Kadena, chain bolt
Poste, column
Kontratista, constructor
Kanto, corner
Dish rack, bangguerahan
Sumbrero Pintuan, door head
Hamba Pintuan, door jamb
Senepa, fascia board
Tambak, fill
20th C:
MODERN
ISLAMIC
CHINESE
JAPANESE
INDIAN
FILIPINO
MORE VERNACULAR TERMS:
Hulog, plumb bob
Bolado, projection
Reostra, purlins
Masilya, putty
Media Cana, quarter round
Vaciada, rabbet
Kabilya, reinforcing bars
Kaballete, ridge roll
Takip Silipan, riser
Rimatse, rivets
Lastillas, sand and gravel
Andanyo, scaffolding
Rebokada, scratch coat
Dutcha, shower
Prigadero, sink
Krokis, sketch plan
Estanyo, soldering bar
Biento, spacing
Staka, stake
Madre de Escalera, closed
stringer
Trabe Anzo, horizontal stud
Pilarete, vertical stud
Latero, tinsmith
Baytang, tread
his
tory
of arc
hitectu
re
FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE
AMERICAN PERIOD
Early American Period
Notable architects:
Daniel Burnham
city plan of Manila and Baguio
William Parsons
Juan Arellano
Tomas Mapua
1st registered architect in
country
Alejandro Legardo
Antonio Toledo
Carlos Barredo
Masonic Temple, Escolta
1st concrete building in Escolta
Philippine Normal School
Phil. Normal University
University of the Philippines
Padre Faura
National Museum
1st was the Legislative Building
Intendencia Building
adjacent to Manila Cathedral
Luneta Hotel
2nd hotel in Asia
French Baroque style
Army and Navy Club
rest and recreation for American
soldiers
De La Salle College
by Tomas Mapua
Rizal Monument
obelisk
Sta. Isabel College
20th C:
MODERN
ISLAMIC
CHINESE
JAPANESE
INDIAN
FILIPINO
his
tory
of arc
hitectu
re
FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE
Manila Hotel
1st hotel in Asia
1st with elevator
renovated by Locsin in 1975
Philippine General Hospital
by William Parsons Post Office Building
by Juan Arellano
EXAMPLES
UST Main Building
by Roque Rueno
20th C:
MODERN
ISLAMIC
CHINESE
JAPANESE
INDIAN
FILIPINO
his
tory
of arc
hitectu
re
FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE
AMERICAN PERIOD
Commonwealth Period
Notable architects:
Juan Nakpil
1st National Artist for Arch.
Pablo Antonio
2nd National Artist for Arch.
Enrique Bautista
Gonzalo Barreto
Fernando Ocampo
Andres Luna y San Pedro
Leandro Locsin
3rd National Artist for Arch.
Agriculture & Finance Building
Crystal Arcade, Escolta
Quezon Institute
By Juan Nakpil
Lyric Theater, Escolta
By Juan Nakpil
Ideal Theater, Avenida Rizal
by Pablo Antonio
Jai Alai Building
demolished in 2001
Art Deco, streamline style
Ambassador Hotel
by Fernando Ocampo
1st skyscraper in the country (4
storeys)
Syquia Apartments, Malate
by Pablo Antonio
Natividad Building, Escolta
by Andres Luna y San Pedro
Regina Building, Escolta
by Andres Luna y San Pedro
FEU Main Building
by Pablo Antonio
20th C:
MODERN
ISLAMIC
CHINESE
JAPANESE
INDIAN
FILIPINO
his
tory
of arc
hitectu
re
FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE
EXAMPLES
The Iglesia Ni Cristo Cathedrals
by Carlos Santos Viola
The Church of the Risen Lord, UP
by Cesar Concio
Metropolitan Theater
20th C:
MODERN
ISLAMIC
CHINESE
JAPANESE
INDIAN
FILIPINO
his
tory
of arc
hitectu
re
FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE
EXAMPLES
Philippine Heart Center
The Meralco Building
by Jose Zaragoza The Quiapo Mosque
by Jorge Ramos
20th C:
MODERN
ISLAMIC
CHINESE
JAPANESE
INDIAN
FILIPINO
his
tory
of arc
hitectu
re
FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE
EXAMPLES
Robinson’s Galleria
by William Coscolluela
SM Megamall
by Antonio Sindiong
20th C:
MODERN
ISLAMIC
CHINESE
JAPANESE
INDIAN
FILIPINO
his
tory
of arc
hitectu
re
FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE
EXAMPLES
The Central Bank of the Philippines
The Quezon Monument
by Federico Ilustre
Asian Institute of Management
by Gabriel Formoso
20th C:
MODERN
ISLAMIC
CHINESE
JAPANESE
INDIAN
FILIPINO
his
tory
of arc
hitectu
re
FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE
EXAMPLES
The New Istana, Brunei
The Parish of the Holy Sacrifice,
UP Diliman
The Cultural Center of the
Philippines
The Philippine Stock Exchange
by Leandro Locsin
20th C:
MODERN
ISLAMIC
CHINESE
JAPANESE
INDIAN
FILIPINO
his
tory
of arc
hitectu
re
FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE
EXAMPLES
The Enterprise RCBC Tower
GT Tower
Robinson Summit
20th C:
MODERN
ISLAMIC
CHINESE
JAPANESE
INDIAN
FILIPINO