filipino language

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Filipino is a prestige register of the Tagalog language and the name under which Tagalog is designated the national language and one of two official languages of the Philippines, the other being English. Filipino is the first language of a third of the population of the Philippines. It is centered around Manila but is known almost universally throughout the country. History On November 12, 1937, the first national assembly of the Philippines approved a law creating a National Language Institute to make a study and survey of each of the existing native languages, with a view to choosing one which was to be used as a basis for the national language of the Philippines. The three main contenders were Tagalog, Visayan, and Ilocano. On July 14, 1936, the Surián ng Wikáng Pambansâ (National Language Institute) selected Tagalog as the basis of Wikang Pambansâ ("National Language") based on the following factors: 1. Tagalog is widely spoken and is the language most understood in all the Regions of the Philippines; 2. It is not divided into smaller, separate languages as Visayan or Bikol is; 3. Its literary tradition is the richest and the most developed and extensive (mirroring that of the Tuscan language vis-a- vis Italian). More books are written in Tagalog than in any other autochthonous Philippine language, but this is mainly by virtue of law and privilege; 4. Tagalog has always been the language of Manila — the political and economic capital of the Philippines during the Spanish and American eras; 5. Tagalog was the language of the 1896 Revolution and the Katipunan — two highly important elements in Philippine history. In 1959, the language became known as Pilipino in an effort to dissociate it from the Tagalog ethnic group. 1

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Page 1: Filipino Language

Filipino is a prestige register of the Tagalog language and the name under which Tagalog is designated 

the national   language and   one   of   two official   languages of   the Philippines,   the   other 

being English. Filipino is the first language of a third of the population of the Philippines. It is centered 

around Manila but is known almost universally throughout the country. 

History

On November 12, 1937, the first national assembly of the Philippines approved a law creating a National 

Language Institute to make a study and survey of each of the existing native languages, with a view to 

choosing one which was to be used as a basis for the national language of the Philippines. The three 

main contenders were Tagalog, Visayan, and Ilocano.

On July 14, 1936, the Surián ng Wikáng Pambansâ (National Language Institute) selected Tagalog as the 

basis of Wikang Pambansâ ("National Language") based on the following factors:

1. Tagalog   is  widely   spoken   and   is   the   language  most   understood   in   all   the Regions   of   the 

Philippines;

2. It is not divided into smaller, separate languages as Visayan or Bikol is;

3. Its   literary  tradition  is  the richest  and the most  developed and extensive  (mirroring  that  of 

the Tuscan   language vis-a-vis Italian).   More   books   are   written   in   Tagalog   than   in   any 

other autochthonous Philippine language, but this is mainly by virtue of law and privilege;

4. Tagalog has always been the  language of Manila — the political  and economic capital of the 

Philippines during the Spanish and American eras;

5. Tagalog was the language of the 1896 Revolution and the Katipunan — two highly  important 

elements in Philippine history.

In 1959,  the  language became known as Pilipino in an effort  to dissociate  it  from the Tagalog ethnic 

group. 

Later, the 1973 Constitution provided for a separate national language to replace Pilipino, a language 

which it named Filipino. The pertinent article, though, Article XV, Section 3(2), mentions neither Tagalog 

nor Pilipino as the basis for Filipino, instead calling on the National Assembly to: take steps toward the 

development and formal adoption of a common national language to be known as Filipino.

This move has drawn much criticism from other regional groups.

In 1987, a new constitution introduced many provisions for the language. Article XIV, Section 6, omits 

any mention of Tagalog as the basis for Filipino, and states that: as [Filipino] evolves, it shall be further 

developed and enriched on the basis of existing Philippine and other languages.

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Page 2: Filipino Language

And also states in the article:

Subject to provisions of law and as the Congress may deem appropriate, the Government shall take 

steps to initiate and sustain the use of Filipino as a medium of official communication and as language of 

instruction in the educational system.

and:

The regional  languages are the auxiliary official  languages in the regions and shall  serve as auxiliary 

media of instruction therein.

Republic Act No. 7104, approved on August 14, 1991, created the Commission on the Filipino Language, 

reporting directly to the President and tasked to undertake, coordinate and promote researches for the 

development,  propagation and preservation of Filipino and other Philippine languages.[9] On May 13, 

1992, the commission issued Resolution 92-1, specifying that Filipino is the

indigenous  written and spoken  language of Metro Manila and other  urban centers in  the  Philippines 

used as the language of communication of ethnic groups.[10]

However, as with the 1973 and 1987 Constitutions, 92-1 neither went so far as to categorically identify 

nor dis-identify this language as Tagalog. Definite, absolute, and unambiguous interpretation of 92-1 is 

the prerogative of the Supreme Court in the absence of directives from the KWF, otherwise the sole 

legal arbiter of the Filipino language.

Filipino was presented and registered with the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), by 

then  Ateneo   de  Manila   University   student  Martin  Gomez,   and  was   added   to   the   ISO   registry   of 

languages on September 21, 2004 with it receiving the ISO 639-2 code fil.[11] In June 2007, Ricardo Maria 

Nolasco,   then   Chair   of   the Komisyon sa Wikang Filipino (Commission   on   the   Filipino   Language), 

acknowledged that  Filipino was simply Tagalog  in syntax and grammar,  with as yet  no grammatical 

element or lexicon coming from Ilocano, Cebuano, Hiligaynon, or any of the otherPhilippine languages. 

This is contrary to the intention of Republic Act No. 7104 that requires that the national language be 

developed and enriched by the lexicon of the country's other languages, something that the commission 

is   working   towards.[12] Furthermore,   on   August   24,   2007,   Dr.   Nolasco   elaborated   further   on   the 

relationship between Tagalog and Filipino:

Are "Tagalog," "Pilipino" and "Filipino" different languages? No, they are mutually intelligible varieties, and therefore belong to one language. According to the KWF, Filipino is that speech variety spoken in Metro Manila and other urban centers where different ethnic groups meet. It is the most prestigious variety of Tagalog and the language used by the national mass media.

The other yardstick for distinguishing a language from a dialect is: different grammar, different language. "Filipino", "Pilipino" and "Tagalog" share identical grammar. They have the same determiners (ang, ng and sa); the same personal pronouns (siya, ako, niya, kanila, etc.); the same demonstrative pronouns 

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Page 3: Filipino Language

(ito, iyan, doon, etc.); the same linkers (na, at and ay); the same particles (na and pa); and the same verbal affixes -in, -an, i- and -um-. In short, same grammar, same language.[13]

On August 22, 2007, three Malolos City regional trial courts in Bulacan decided to use Filipino, instead 

of English, in order to promote the national language. Twelve stenographers from Branches 6, 80 and 

81, as model courts, had undergone training at Marcelo H. del Pilar College of Law of Bulacan State 

University following a directive from the Supreme Court of the Philippines. De la Rama said it was the 

dream   of   Chief   Justice Reynato   Puno to   implement   the   program   in   other   areas   such 

as Laguna, Cavite, Quezon, Nueva Ecija, Batangas, Rizal and Metro Manila.[14]

Classification

In  practical   terms, Filipino is   the  formal  name of  Tagalog,  or  even a synonym of   it.   It   is   sometimes 

described  as   "Tagalog-based",  part  of  a  political  fiction   that   the  national   language   is  based  on  an 

amalgam of Philippine languages rather than on Tagalog alone.[4]

One famous event which illustrated the relationship between Filipino and Tagalog occurred during the 

impeachment trial of the former President Joseph Estrada. When the presiding justice Hilario Davide, 

a Cebuano, asked which language the witness Emma Lim preferred to testify in, Lim promptly answered 

"Tagalog", to which Davide did not agree. According to Davide, nobody could testify in Tagalog because 

it is not the official language of the Philippines and there is no available interpreter from Tagalog to 

Filipino. However, Senator Franklin Drilon, an Ilonggo, defended the oneness of the two by saying that 

an interpreter will not be needed because everybody would understand the testimony in Tagalog.

Na   Filipinima   se   koristi  171   jezik   iz   grupe malajsko-polinezijskih   jezika (grana austronezijskih   jezika). 

Zvanični jezici  su engleski i filipinski(standardizovani  jezik baziran na jeziku tagalog). Ova dva jezika se 

često kombinuju u javnom životu i medijima.

Najrašireniji lokalni jezici su: tagalog (25%), sebuano (15%), ilokano (12%), varaj-varaj (9%).

Iako   su   Španci   bili   gospodari   Filipina   vekovima,   posle   1901,   kada   su   ostrva   preuzeli   Amerikanci, 

značaj španskog je naglo opao. Danas se njime koristi oko 10% Filipinaca.

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