fill type retaining walls ei 10-031 eb 10-041 eb 10-042
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FILL TYPE FILL TYPE RETAINING WALLSRETAINING WALLS
EI 10-031 EB 10-041 EB 10-042
Overview: Wall CategoriesOverview: Wall Categories
Based on how they work:
Based on how they are constructed◦Cut Walls: Wall is constructed “top-down”.
Overview: Wall CategoriesOverview: Wall Categories
◦Fill Walls: Wall is constructed “bottom-up”.
Overview: Wall CategoriesOverview: Wall Categories
Highway Design Manual
Table 9-6 Classification of Retaining Wall Systems
Overview: Wall CategoriesOverview: Wall Categories
Background: Background: Proprietary Wall SystemsProprietary Wall SystemsProprietary walls - Vendor designed
systems protected by specific patents.Proprietary systems can only be used on
State projects as follows:◦Chosen by competitive bid◦No suitable alternative
Synchronization: One item only fits in a series of items, or it is part of a system
Provides a unique function
◦Experimental feature: Requires an approved Experimental Work Plan
◦Public Interest – needs project-by-project approval
Background:Background:Proprietary Wall SystemsProprietary Wall SystemsThese rules apply to any project with
Federal money (incl. Pass-Thru projects & federally funded
maintenance projects).Proprietary items are submitted at PS&E
(with supporting documentation and justification to FHWA)
A bid proposal with an item not on the AL could be declared “nonresponsive”
Approved List’s with less than 3 systems require justification.
Background: Background: Proprietary Wall SystemsProprietary Wall Systems
Four Proprietary Fill Type Retaining Wall Categories:
Mechanically Stabilized Earth System Mechanically Stabilized Segmental Block Retaining
Wall System Precast Modular Wall System Segmental Block Retaining Wall System
Approved List
FILL WALLS
Merge Existing SpecificationsMerge Existing Specifications
Section 554 Section 632 SBRWS Special
Section 554 Fill Type Retaining Walls
Materials Bureau
Testing Issue
Side Issue: Testing BlocksSide Issue: Testing BlocksWet-Cast Products
◦ Manufactured & shipped to job site in a matter of days.
◦ Based on performance criteria thru NYSDOT administered QC/QA program.
◦Historical data of test results.
◦Sampling and testing audit operations.
Dry-Cast Products◦ Manufactured in lots.◦ Quarantined for sampling
and freeze-thaw testing.◦ Delayed from shipping until
acceptable test results.
Fairness in Testing Procedures Materials Procedure MP 09-03:Concrete Masonry Unit QA/QC Procedures
Overview: Definitions of TermsOverview: Definitions of TermsWall System
◦ Face units are the structural support.
Internally Stabilized Wall System
◦ Reinforcement added to a “wall system” to increase achievable wall heights.
Internally Stabilized Earth System
◦ Reinforcement is the structural support.◦ Face panels alone could not be a “wall system”.
Overview: Definitions of TermsOverview: Definitions of Terms
Fill Type Retaining WallsFill Type Retaining Walls
New IssuancesNew IssuancesConstruction
◦Standard Sheets M554-1 (554.01 Sheet 1 of 5) Proprietary Fill Type Retaining Walls (General Notes) M554-2 (554.01 Sheet 2 of 5) Proprietary Fill Type Retaining Walls (General Details) M554-3 (554.01 Sheet 3 of 5) Proprietary Fill Type Retaining Walls (Typical Sections for MSES) M554-4 (554.01 Sheet 4 of 5) Proprietary Fill Type Retaining Walls (Typical Sections for MSWS) M554-5 (554.01 Sheet 5 of 5) Proprietary Fill Type Retaining Walls (Typical Sections for PWS)
M554-6 (554.02 Sheet 1 of 6) Geosynthetically Reinforced Soil Systems (Walls-General Notes and Details) M554-7 (554.02 Sheet 2 of 6) Geosynthetically Reinforced Soil Systems (Walls-Typical Sections) M554-8 (554.02 Sheet 3 of 6) Geosynthetically Reinforced Soil Systems (Slopes-General Notes and Details) M554-9 (554.02 Sheet 4 of 6) Geosynthetically Reinforced Soil Systems (Slopes-Typical Sections) M554-10 (554.02 Sheet 5 of 6) Geosynthetically Reinforced Soil Systems (Facing Details) M554-11 (554.02 Sheet 6 of 6) Geosynthetically Reinforced Soil Systems (Facing Details)
Design◦HDM Revision No. 60 (Chapter 9)
Section 9.4 Retaining Walls and Reinforced Soil Slopes
EB 10-041
EB 10-042
New IssuancesNew IssuancesDesign
◦ GRSS Specification◦ Item 554.30XX Geosynthetically Reinforced Soil System Wall◦ Item 554.31 Geosynthetically Reinforced Soil System Slope
◦ Fill Type Retaining Wall Specification◦ Item 554.40 Fill Type Retaining Wall (0-1 m)◦ Item 554.41 Fill Type Retaining Wall (Greater than 1 m – 1.8 m)◦ Item 554.42 Fill Type Retaining Wall (Greater than 1.8 m – 2.7 m)◦ Item 554.43 Fill Type Retaining Wall (Greater than 2.7 m – 3.7 m)◦ Item 554.44 Fill Type Retaining Wall (Greater than 3.7 m – 4.6 m)◦ Item 554.45 Fill Type Retaining Wall (Greater than 4.6 m)
◦ Fill Type Retaining Wall Aesthetic Specification Item 554.5001 Fill Type Retaining Wall Aesthetic Treatment – Textured Surface (Hand Tooled, Raked, etc.),
No Color Item 554.5002 Fill Type Retaining Wall Aesthetic Treatment – Textured Surface (Hand Tooled, Raked, etc.),
Integral Color Item 554.5101 Fill Type Retaining Wall Aesthetic Treatment – Exposed Aggregate Finish, No Color Item 554.5102 Fill Type Retaining Wall Aesthetic Treatment – Exposed Aggregate Finish, Integral Color Item 554.5201 Fill Type Retaining Wall Aesthetic Treatment – Architectural Pattern, No Color Item 554.5202 Fill Type Retaining Wall Aesthetic Treatment – Architectural Pattern, Integral Color Item 554.53 Fill Type Retaining Wall Aesthetic Treatment – Other; As shown in the Contract Documents
EI 10-031
AestheticsAesthetics
Default PWS (open top face units):•Plain, smooth concrete finish •Natural concrete (gray) color
Default MSES:•Plain, smooth concrete finish •Natural concrete (gray) color
Default PWS(solid face units):•Split face finish •Natural concrete (gray) color
AestheticsAesthetics
Architectural Pattern
Exposed Aggregate Finish
Textured Surface
Precast Panels or PWS (Open Top Face Units)
PWS (Solid Face Units)
Expanded Approved ListExpanded Approved List
MasterList
Design Assumptions
Hyperlink
HyperlinkHyperlink
Drycast Concrete Wall
Units
Precast Concrete Wall
Units
Hyperlink
Prefabricated Wall Systems & Mechanically Stabilized Wall Systems
Precast Concrete
Panel Units
Mechanically Stabilized Earth Systems
Expanded Approved ListExpanded Approved List20 wall systems competitively bid against
each other Don’t Eliminate – Enumerate! Use Special Notes: EX. Notes for Use with Fill Type Retaining Walls in Underwater Applications:1. The Design High Water at elevation ___ is above the bottom of wall elevation.2. If metallic elements are used, provide additional corrosive protection to account for
fluctuating water conditions throughout a 75-year design life.3. If soil reinforcing elements are used, provide certification by a NYS PE that the design
accounts for the reduced resisting soil pressures under buoyant conditions.4. For any wall type, provide certification by a NYS PE that the wall will be stable under
buoyant conditions.5. If ice contact is expected, ensure the durability of the wall to withstand such forces.6. Provide adequate prevention of the migration of soil through wall joints.7. Provide weep holes with inverts no more than 4” above OHW elevation and 1 ft
thickness of free-draining material between OHW and DHW elevations for the prevention of hydrostatic pressure build up behind the wall due to drawdown conditions.
Example Approved List: Example Approved List: Master List (MSES Portion) Master List (MSES Portion)
Hyperlinks
Wall SystemReinforced Height
RangeAbutment
Applications
Hyp
erl
inks
Example Approved List: Example Approved List: Master List (PWS & MSWS Portion)Master List (PWS & MSWS Portion)
HyperlinksWall System
Reinforced Height Range
Abutment Applications
Hyp
erl
inks
Design ProcedureDesign ProcedureDesigner Determines
Need for Fill Wall GEB Provides Design DetailsGRSS
Wall?
Lines, Grades, Elevations, and Special Notes
Shown in Contract
Documents.
Yes
No
Vividly Describe Aesthetic Treatments
•Industry-Standard Descriptions (Color, Texture, Pattern)
•Special Notes•Special Details
Need for Additional Aesthetic
Treatment?
Yes
No
Design Elements and Specifications incorporated into
Contract Documents
Construction ProcessConstruction Process
Wall Construction
Plans Depict GRSS Wall
Plans DepictFill Wall
Contractor Chooses Wall System from Approved List
Contractor Submits Design and Details of Proprietary System
Contractor Submits Geosynthetic Certifications
Submittal Approval
No Change in Process
ConclusionConclusionMerging the specifications does several
things: Conformance with Competitive Bidding, provided under 23
CFR 635.411(a)(1) by identifying as many acceptable products as possible.
Separates the cost of the wall function from the cost of the wall aesthetics.
Eliminates bias in selection of wall type. Eliminates the State losing potential cost savings to VE
proposals. Eliminates the problem of the designer sometimes specifying
proprietary wall systems, and then needing a spec and a “back-justification”.
Where special requirements warrant, create and justify a special spec.
ConclusionConclusionNo change in the basic role of the RGE.
◦ In lieu of selecting a single wall type, describe the conditions, requirements and limitations of the site on the plans.
More onus on the RLA.◦ Need to vividly describe the desired aesthetic treatment on the
plans using generic terms.
Project Managers need to broaden their presentations of wall types◦ Need to become familiar with the available categories (textured
surface, exposed aggregate finish, architectural pattern) for presentations to communities. While negotiating a “look”, the PM should avoid promising the use of a specific type of wall.