FILÒFILÒ

A Journal for Tyrolean AmericansA Journal for Tyrolean AmericansFall 2014Fall 2014

Imagine you can count on computer services so flexible they can be created to match your bank’s profile. Phoenix solutions are dynamic systems that grow and evolve with you, helping you make important decisions when competition gives you the stimulus you need to grow.

FLEXIBILITY,PRECISION, CONTROL.

Phoenix: solutionsfor innovation

Software development,Technical assistance & System management.For our latest innovations, visit www.phoenixspa.itSocietà Cooperativa a responsabilità limitata

GRAFFI

2

3

An Introduction . . . An Introduction . . .

The Filò is to be published and distributed on a quarterly basis and is targeted to the chil-dren of our immigrant parents. The Filò (pronounced fee-lò) was the daily gathering in thestables of the Trentino where the villagers met and socialized. The intent is to provide asummary of our culture, history, and customs in plain English to inform and provide youwith the background of your roots and ancestry.. If you wish to contact us, call LouBrunelli at 914-402-5248. Attention: Your help is needed to expand our outreach to fellowTyrolean Americans. Help us identify them, be they your children, relatives or acquaintanc-es. Go to filo.tiroles.com and register on line to receive the magazine free of charge. Youmay also send your data to Filò Magazine, PO Box 90, Crompond, NY 10517 or fax themto 914-734-9644 or submit them by email to filo.tiroles@att.net.

Front Cover: Val di Strino

4

5

Dear Tyrolean Americans:

I must thank the Filò for having dedicated this issue to the Val di Sole, my very own beloved Valley. It isundoubtedly one of the most beautiful valleys of the Trentino and well deserves to be known and visited.In the name of the community that I represent, I am especially grateful to be given the opportunity torenew the friendship, the affection and closeness of the Trentino to all the emigrants and their descen-dants in America. You are for us a second greater Trentino, once the Tyrol of your families! And we wishto remain your mother country, that small Alpine land where you have the roots of your history of yourhistorical families.

The Filò is deserving of credit and praise if the small Trentino feels greater as we think of you as ourbest ambassadors in the entire world. The extraordinary success of the Filò journal which reaches more5400 families and individuals in the United State and Canada and soon Australia and England demon-strates quite clearly that you, Tyrolean Americans, have a great desire to know and understand ever moreof your families homeland, to embrace its beautiful valleys, the magnificent Dolomites, its culture, its his-tory….and its people.

I believe strongly that to every individual emigrant, son or daughters and relatives of our emigrants therebelongs a heritage, an entitlement, a guarantee not to lose but to rediscover and embrace your very roots.It is truly this very right and entitlement that the Filò dedicates itself to defend and preserve. It continuesto speak to you of the Trentino, once your Tyrol, as being yours by means of its dialogue with you in itsarticles and commentaries and images…asserting proudly that who you are is indeed …who you were.The Filò is a means and an instrument that affords you the possibility of preserving your identity and oftruly discovering a part of your very selves.

I wish to express my gratitude for all those in our Province who have collaborated with the Filò and forthe generous support of Phoenix Informatica Bancaria. As we lookto the future, the Filò will indeed have the support as well of theAutonomous Province of Trento.

My dear Tyrolean Americans…we have need of you since theTrentino of Today is a small country which does not want to remainclosed but wishes to open itself to the world and to move forwardmaintaining its identity…an identity that you share as well…

Sincerely,

Ugo Rossi

President of the Autonomous Province of the Trentino

A Presidential MessageA Presidential Message

6

Introduction to the Val di Sole Introduction to the Val di Sole he Sole Valley (Ladin: Val de Sól , Italian: Valdi Sole or Valle di Sole, German: Sulztal) islocated in the north western part of theProvince Lombardy borders on the west

Lombardy on the north the Sud Tirol which togetherwith the Trentino form one united Province. Along itscentral axis, there emerges in the upper portion theValley of Rabbi and in its lower portion the Valley ofPejo, behind which rises the magnificent masif of theOrtles Cevedale mountains. Flanking these two valleys, isthe great and famous Stelvio National Park In the south-west it is flanked by the Adamello group of mountainswith the nature reserve Parco Naturale Adamello Brenta.The rest of the valley from Ossana to Mostizzolo is sim-ply called Sole Valley. Some of the towns in the valley areVermiglio, Peio, Dimaro, Croviana and Malè (the maintown). The Sole Valley heads to the Tonale Pass, on theother side of the pass (and in the same direction as theVermiglio Valley) begins the valley of the river Ogliowhich flows to Edolo. In the southern part of the regionis the ski resort Madonna di Campiglio, just over theCampo Carlo Magno, a pass that leads to the RendenaValley. In the east the region ends at Mostizzolo, wherethe main valley bends south to the Val di Non beforejoining the valley of the Adige north of Trento.

Val di Sole boasts a history that has been written over thecourse of millenniums. Some thousands of years beforeChrist, the Celts settled here, followed by the Rhaetiansand Romans. After that, the Franks passed through thearea, then the prince-bishops of Trento for 800 years andfinally the Austro-Hungarians ruled for almost 200 yearsbefore the Tyrol’s annexation to Italy after the World WarI. With so much history as a background, Val di Soletreasures rural buildings, strongholds, castles, palaces andchurches such as the Castles of Ossana and Caldes, relicsof this past era of bishops and the Counts of the Tyrol.

In World War I, Val di Sole was frontier land and becamea strategic area during what became known as the “WhiteWar”: Our people were the very Austro-Hungariantroops who fought the invading Italian troops to havecontrol of the surrounding mountain peaks and glaciers,among the freezing temperatures of the Adamello &Ortles-Cevedale mountain groups. There are many dif-ferent types of battle remains in this area like trenchesand forts that changed Val di Sole’s landscape forever.

The Valley’s people depended on their dairy productionand their forests but it could not sustain its community.There was poverty prompting a great migration in theearly 1900’s to the United States, Canada, Australia,South America and throughout Europe. In the UnitedStates the emigrants were drawn to the coal mines ofPennsylvania. This migration continued even after WorldII. New developments brought new industry to the val-ley. Along with the Val di Non, it became the producerof the Melinda apple exported throughout Europe. Thetourist industry became central to its revitalization creat-ing a network of hotels and an extensive network forboth summer and winter recreation so that it is regardedas the “pearl of the alps”. There are two modern and his-torical health spas in the valley, Peio and Rabbi, both arelocated in an enchanting landscape and they each takeadvantage of the pure, fresh mineral water that surgesfrom an altitude of over 3000 meters.

The Valley supports numerous dairy products that rangefrom top-quality butter to ricotta, fresh cheeses such asthe “Casolet of Val di Sole”, local aged cheese andTrentino Grana cheese. Casolet is a traditional Val di Solecheese, once produced in great quantities. It is a typicalmountain cheese made with raw ingredients and wholemilk. It was once made only during the autumn season,when the herds of cows had already been brought downfrom the mountain pastures, therefore there was muchless milk being produced and casolet became the cheesethat families ate on a daily basis especially during the longwinter months.

There are numerous local folk presentations, sport andcultural events, works of art, local handicrafts, theSolandra Civilization museum in Malè, the museums andforts of the White War, as well as the local culinary spe-cialties.

Note: Inhabitants of the valley are called SOLANDRI.

Written by Alberto Penasa, APT Val di Sole

TT

7

8

Family Stories: Martinelli Family Stories: Martinelli n July 2014 my wife and I trav-eled to Dimaro and Terzolas,located in the Val de Sole, Italylooking for family. As luck

would have it, the people were greatin helping us find family. We met rel-atives of my grandfather, AttilioMartinelli and my grandmother, IdaBaggia Martinelli. Of the Martinellifamily, we met Antonio BattistoMartinelli. He is from Dimaro, Italyand is the last male Martinelli in ourfamily living in Italy. On my grand-mother’s side we met Marco Baggia,his wife Teresa and their daughterLaura of Terzolas. Marco’s brotherFranco, who we did not meet, hasthree sons who are all priests. Theearliest known relative on the Martinelli side is DominusGiovanni Domenico Martinelli in the year 1600. Mygrandfather was born on 01 July 1892, in Dimaro. Hislife in Dimaro is at this time unknown to me. But, by theage of 19, he was working in Basel, Switzerland. He wasa painter in Switzerland according to his Declaration ofIntention. Then, in 1911 my grandmother, Ida Baggia,came to Basel where they were married on 12 May 1911.She was the daughter of Domenico Baggia and LuciaSchweitzer Baggia. Ida was born on 03 March 1890 inTerzolas (Austria) Tyrol. Terzolas is just up the roadfrom Dimaro.

On 10 April 1912, my father, Angelo Dominic Martinelli,was born in Basel, Switzerland. Shortly after that, thefamily emigrated to America, leaving from Lehavre,France on board the LaSavail on 28 December 1912.They docked at New York City. They were accompaniedby Attilio’s brother Remo Martinelli, age 20. From EllisIsland they went to Loretto, Michigan were my grandfa-ther worked as a painter and Remo found work in thecoal mines. While living in MI, my grandparents hadthree more children. Then in 1920 Attilio’s familymoved to Roswell, Ohio. Over the years, Attilio becamemayor of Roswell, worked as a painter for the state high-way department and started a house painting business.He served as mayor for fifteen years. My grandfatherdied on 21 May 1947 when I was only three years old, sothe stories I tell were passed on to me by friends and rel-atives.

One of the things I remember most about my grand-mother were the visits to her house every Sunday aftermass. During these visits my father and grandmotheronly spoke Italian, but my siblings and I were correctedby her in English and Italian. She always had fresh bakedcookies for us. My grandmother must have been a won-derful cook, because my mother learned many of herrecipes which we still enjoy today. Just before my grand-mother died on 14 March 1962, she moved to our house.Their sons all prospered. Angelo, my father, was a suc-cessful contractor building homes and swimming pools.Working with my father from a very young age, I learnedinvaluable lessons that have helped me to succeed in thissame business. This has enabled me to retire and travelto my family’s ancestral home. Victor was a prominentaccountant and served as treasurer of TuscarawasCounty, Ohio. He was treasurer for 29 years from 1944to 1973 when he retired. Geno was a longtime highschool teacher in Uhrichsville, Ohio and he also servedas mayor of Roswell like his Dad. Geno is the only sur-viving child of Attilio and Ida Martinelli. He is 90 yearsold and resides with his wife Carmella Ruggeri Martinelli.Attilio had seventeen grandsons and six granddaughters.We now try to remember things about our grandparentsand parents who gave up so much to come to Americato start a new life. I hope my children will take this cher-ished information and preserve it for their children.

Written by Eugene Martinelli - grandson of Attiolio andIda Martinelli, New Philadelphia, OH

Ida Baggia - Attilio Martinelli

II

Attilio, Ida, Vic & Angelo

9

Our Music: Coro Noce Our Music: Coro Noce

L’è le undes gia passade ...L'è le undes già passadee la mama se presentaper tacar su la segostael parol de la polenta. (2x)La met l'acqua 'n del paròlla prepara la farinae la tol en po' de saldal casset de la vedrina,e la tòl en po' de saldal casset de la vedrina. (3 x)L'è le undes già passade

ongs have always represented and continue to represent the most true and vivid way to express history,lifestyles, the sufferings and happenings of a community. Such was the case of our emigrant relatives whofound in their songs a unity and the occasion to relive nostalgically their lives in a place so very far away.Hence, in the song, there lives the very soul of a place, of a community and of a people. Song was embed-

ded in the very blood and soul of our Tyrolean relatives. If you ask a Tyrolean when three of them get together,their response is a right ready: we sing. Paolo Magagnotti of the Coro Noce .

Here is one of the songs of their repertoire. L’è le undes gia passade ...It is already past 11:00...It is a nostalgic detail-ing and imagining of a mother making polenta. Step by step the song conjures up the beloved images of her serv-ice to her family. More than just a recipe or directions, it is a loving recollection of her presence, her special role andfunction to the family. The repetition at its conclusion that the mother is finished or ended is the memory of a moth-er no longer alive or with the family.

SS

The Coro Noce derives its name from the Noce Riverthat runs the length of both the valleys of Sole and theVal di Non. It was founded by the Choir Master GianniCristoforetti who continues to direct the choir. Theyhave produced several CD’s of their music. They havesung in concert in Austria, Germany, Poland, Belgium,and Romania. This song can be found on the Filò’swebsite: filo.tiroles.com.

Coro Noce of the Val di Sole

e la cerca la canelagià entant che if en bandascaoda 'l pocio 'n la padela. (2x)Ades l'acqua 'n del paròllab 'n comincia a sbrodolarla farina a pugn a pugne la taca a messedar,la farina a pugn a pugne la taca a messedar. (3 x)L'è le undes già passadegià le groste se destacastondolando "Adess la è cota!"

la ghe dà l'ultima paca. (bis)Sula taola 'n gran taierna tovaia de bon !inla ghe svoida la_polentae la m ama l'ha finì,la ghe svoida la polentae la mama l'ha finì. (3 x)L'ha già finì, finì, finì,e la mama l'ha finì, l'ha finì ...finì'.

Translation

It is already past 11 o’clock and mother prepares the hearth and polenta pot. She puts the water into the polenta andgets some salt from its box in the closet. It is already past 11 o’clock and seeks the polenta stick while on the side;the gravy is warmed in the pan. Now the water in the pot begins to boil and receives the polenta flour fist full byfist full and she begins to stir. Leonida gia passate…already the crusts begins to separate from the sides of the pot.The polenta is cooked. She gives it a final stirring. On the table, there is a large wooden platter and a bottle of agood wine. The mother throws out the polenta onto the platter and the mother is finished.

Coro Noce: The Soul of the Val del Sole

10

Our Cuisine: Torta delle Patate Our Cuisine: Torta delle Patate t is not a coincidence that we return to the potato…as did our people who in their poverty depended ever somuch on the potato and polenta. To the grated potato, they added some flour, an egg, salt and milk…the fewingredients available to them. The torta is served as main course along with cheese and cold cuts or as sidedish. There are creative variations which could include prosciutto and cheese in the very middle of the torta.

Here are the ingredients…4 pounds of peeled potatoes, a whole egg. ½ cup of milk, a tablespoon of flour, Salt, Grate the potatoes with a hand grater or a Cuisinart.

Add the flour, the egg and the salt. Add a dab of olive oil or butter. Place in oven at 350 degrees for one hour

An agriturismo (farmhouse in English) is primarily a farm and has a number of rooms or apartments available forguests. Most agriturismo's produce wine or olive oil, but often also grain, cheese, honey or jam. Agritur Ruatti is inPrecorno in the Val di Rabbi of the Val di Sole. Severino Ruatti provided the Filò with this recipe. Here is theirAgritur and their family.

II

11

e return to the malga (the mountaindairy) and the production of the allessential cheese of our people…Thecream is screened from the milk in order

to produce butter. The remaining milk from the morningmilking of the cows is introduced into the milk of theevening milking and placed in a very large copper kettlethat sits over a fire. The mixture is heated to 36-37degrees centigrade. There is added some caglio or rennet.The term rennet identifies a particular digestive enzymethat works exclusively on the casein of milk, the milk’sproteins. It is a substance extracted from the stomach ofyoung heifer.

After 20-25 minutes, the liquid coagulates, which thenbecomes fragmented into small pieces. This formationcontinues over the fire to a temperature of 45-46 degreescentigrade. It is cooked and stirred for 15 minutes. Theindividual pieces or clusters gather and unite at the bot-tom of the kettle forming an elastic paste: the cheese.With the help of a sieve cloth, the cheese maker gathersthe cheese and places it into the “fascere”. These arewooden forms that are held together with strings to givea form to the cheese. The cheese enclosed into its formto season it rendering the cheese more or less flavorful.With the siero or the liquid whey which remains in kettleafter the production of the cheese, ricotta cheese is pro-duced. The siero is “re-cooked” (ricotta is translated “re-cooked”) at a temperature of 80-90 degrees centigradeThere is added a “agro” (the siero or the whey that isallowed to acidify) to the coagulate, vinegar, salt as wellas other acidifiers. The flakes coming to the surface areplaced in wicker baskets.

Written by Daniela Finardi, Museo dei Usi e Costumidella Gente Trentina.

Making Cheese at the MalgaMaking Cheese at the Malga

WW

12

Family Stories: Pedrotti Family Stories: Pedrotti true son of Tyrol, Giacomo BonaventuraPedrotti brought many of the Tyrolean idealswith him on his journey to the United States.His faith, love of family, dedication to hard

work and service are among those that came to Americawith Giacomo and these ideals continue to carry throughto the Pedrotti family today. While his history is wellresearched by generations of Pedrotti’s, many of hismajor life events remain a mystery.

Born in 1846, Giacomo was baptized in Magras, Tyrol.One of 10 children, he was the son of Giacomo PietroPedrotti and Felicita Giueseppa Marinolli. Giacomo leftMagras for work in Verona, Italy when his father lost hisbusiness and could no longer support his family. Heeventually immigrated in 1871 to the United States. Ina letter dated January 22, 1874, Giacomo Pietro writes tohis son and says, “ I know nothing else to say except toremind you to be a good man and Christian and remem-ber there is a God.” Giacomo who became known asJames Pedrotti, settled in Catawissa, Missouri (about 40miles outside of St. Louis, Missouri). Why James settledin this rural location with a large Irish population remainsan unanswered question to our family. However, hisinfluence and those of the following generations hasmade a distinct impact on this small rural community.

After arriving in Missouri, James married Ellen Butler in1875 and they had four children, (Richard, Dennis, Maryand John). After Ellen’s death in 1889; James raised thechildren by himself until his marriage to Mary Brady in1892. Their marriage produced 5 more children (Charles,Celester, James, Mary and Catherine). Many of James’children are named after his brothers and sisters in theItalian tradition. James Pedrotti took heed to his father’sadvice and by accounts, led a purposeful and faithful life.Part of his legacy is the donation of a large walnut treewhich was made into a mission cross at St. Patrick’s OldRock Church in Catawissa, Missouri. This church hasbeen a part of much of the Pedrotti history. At the timeof his death, James Pedrotti had accumulated a fairamount of wealth and owned significant acreage. Hisobituary states, “Mr. Pedrotti coming to this countryyoung and among strangers, had many trials to overcomewhich he did patiently and raised a well-respected fami-ly.” He was buried at the St. Patrick’s Old Rock churchcemetery which has served as the final resting place formany generations of Pedrotti’s.

AA Much more is known about Richard James Pedrotti, thefirst son of James Pedrotti and our (great)-grandfather. Itseems Richard was a man of many talents, a farmer, abootlegger, a well digger, but he was more well-known asbeing a thresher operator. A thresher is a machine thatseparates the grain from the stalks and husk. He also hadone of the first automobiles in Franklin County, Missouriwhich perpetuated a family love of automobiles. Like hisfather James, Richard too experienced tragedy in his life,when his first wife, Teresa Katherine Brady and son,Ambrose (age nine) died within the same week of oneanother of influenza and pneumonia. Richard, also, wasleft to care for his six children (James Joseph, JohnFrancis, Oliver, Leo, Ellen, and Theresa). He remarriedCatherine Ann Timlin, shortly thereafter and they hadtwo more children (Cecelia and William). A member ofthe Knights of Columbus, Richard was a dedicated com-munity man. His obituary notes that “He was a kind hus-band, loving father and a good neighbor.”

The Pedro’s (as the Pedrotti’s were nicknamed) were well-known in Catawissa for their large families, work onbehalf of the St. Patrick’s Old Rock Church and frequentparties. While most of the Pedrotti’s have moved fromthis small, rural town, each August the family returns topay homage to our fore-fathers dating back to Tyroleanson Giacomo (James) Pedrotti to pay respects and raisefunds for this non-supported parish church and ceme-tery. To this family, this final resting place and the histo-ry it represents, are a “little piece of heaven.” Written by Judy Pedrotti Andersen, Chesterfield, MO &Kathy Pedrotti Hays, Indianapolis, IN

Giacomo Bonaventura Pedrotti

he Val di Sole cannot boast of any impressivesanctuaries, but the church of Santa Maria inPellizzano can proudly claim the title of'Sanctuary of the Valley'. From Medieval

times, processions have arrived from nearby villages andeven from more distant places like Rabbi, Cis, Bresimoand Livo. The purpose was usually to invoke the help ofthe Madonna of Pellizano in times of crisis. Santa Mariaof Pellizzano is one of the more interesting churches ofthe upper Val di Sole, rich in both Gothic andRenaissance details. It was rumored that Charlemagnehad visited it on his legendary sweep through these parts.But historians now agree that his path had taken himthrough the Val Venosta instead. Nonetheless, up until1841, there had been a fresco on the south face of thechurch, commemorating Charlemagne's passage. Legendhas it that the statue of the Madonna had 'run away' onenight from Livo and had positioned itself in front of thePellizzano church. The parishioners of Livo brought herback home, but the following night, the statue fled again.At this point there was talk of a miracle and the citizensof Livo made a barefoot pilgrimage to Pellizzano tohonor the emigrant Madonna and to install her statue ina niche on the exterior of the church there. The statuewas protected by a wrought iron grate crafted, accordingto legend, by none other than the apostles Peter and Paul.But at Pellizzano, it is claimed that the best iron workersof the area were called upon to install the wrought ironaround the niche, so that the Madonna could be movedonly when it was to be carried in solemn procession onreligious feasts.

13

The Runaway MadonnaThe Runaway Madonna

On September 8th, the feast of the Nativity of the VirginMary, pilgrims arrived at Pellizzano from all over the val-ley. The statue of the Madonna is carried in processionon the first Sunday in September. On the three days pre-ceding the procession, the statue is placed in the church-yard, dressed in silk robes. The people of the town haveaccompanied the statue on many a procession, mostoften in times of plague or natural disasters. InNovember of 1966, when the Trentino was devastatedby floods, the Madonna was removed from its niche andplaced on the bridge over the Noce River, in the hopethat the swollen and menacing river would stay within itsbanks.

The 'miraculous' statue is most likely the work of a sculp-tor of the 1300's. In front of the statue, it had been thecustom to place the bodies of children who had diedbefore being baptized. Also, as was the custom in Trento,the bodies of those who had drowned in the Noce werelaid here until proper identification of the remains couldbe made. Constructed in the fifteenth century, on the siteof an earlier, rectangular chapel dating from before 1200,the church of Pellizzano was consecrated on October 16,1474 by the bishop Albertino. It was enlarged in the fol-lowing century by artisans from Lombardy who had set-tled in the valley.

The church was the meeting place of the confraternity ofthe Fredaia of Santa Maria. This group was also knownas the 'Schola dei Disciplini' and a fresco in the church,known as the 'fresco dei Disciplini', depicts the rows ofhooded friars. This painting is the work of CiprianoVallorsa, and was probably commissioned by the Friaryitself.

TT

14

The People’s Clocks The People’s Clocks an has always desired to measure time andnot be satisfied to alternate day and night,light and darkness. The very first sun dialthat we are aware of arose among the

Assyrian-Babylonians and was simply the most ordinaryof sticks planted in the ground which projected a shad-ow throughout the daylight. From that time, the sun dialsbecame quite sophisticated instruments of measure-ment. They needed the Sun…and truly in the Valley ofthe Sun, the Val di Sole, whose name had aspecial significance, they found a new vital-ity. In the years that passed, the sun dialswere found on the churches, castles and onthe more important houses of the villages.To this day, we can find many examplesfunctioning and restored instruments.They scanned the day with precision alongwith the ringing of the bells. They definedthe moments of the activities of theSolandri, their meals and their peasant’slife. It was difficult to construct and payfor their construction since they were theproduct of very complicated calculationswhich only few experts were capable of producing. Assuch, only the rich were able to afford them.Nonetheless, they were at the service of all. They weredecorated with artistic elements. They signaled the hoursin different ways but they also prompted commentariesabout the temporal and passing aspects of time and ofour lives.

In Monclassico, a village in the Valley of the Sun, onecan find more than 50 sun dials with a great variety ofartistic and technical elements, horizontal and vertical,with a combination of Babylonian, Italian and Frenchmeasurements, all quite precise to the very specific

MM

Magras, Val di Sole

cloudy days, one naturally accept it with a tranquility andstop running around respecting the rhythms ofnature….a disposition and quality that our ancestorsknew quite well…

In Monclassico and Presson the slow motion of theshadows, silently pronounces the march of time. Here,science and art came together to give life to an unusualand ambitious idea, yet one deeply grounded in an old

tradition: the adornment of town build-ings and squares with modern, artistic sun-dials. The project was conceived by the“Le Meridiane” cultural association, estab-lished with the intent to rediscover andenhance the cultural value of the area.Since 2002, the association has been coor-dinating the various phases of the projectand its related initiatives, with supportfrom the city of Monclassico and strongcommitment from local residents. Sincethe onset of the initiative, every summer,five artists are invited to produce a sundi-al, crafted according to on their own ideas

and inspiration and working in collaboration with expertgnomonists (or “dial”-ists), custodians of the noble andancient science concerning the construction of sundials.Little by little, a legacy of utmost value took shape, com-posed of over fifty sundials. An outdoor art gallery opento the pubic has become a major tourist attraction,awarding Presson and Monclassico, in the Sun valley thewell-earned title of “land of the sundials.”For info: www.meridianemonclassico.it

Written by Sandro De Manicor, Journalist

Val di Sole Sundial

15

16

Thermal Spring of Rabbi & PejoThermal Spring of Rabbi & Pejot both ends of the Val di Sole (Sun Valley)two smaller valleys lead into the natural parkof Stelvio, namely the Val di Rabbi and theVal di Pejo. At the end of each of these val-

leys there are thermal springs. The ancient fountain ofRabbi was discovered in 1666. The first news of thisspring was given in a booklet published on February 18,1671 by Giovanni Gaspari Papi of Pressano. At the endof the nineteenth century, the spring was flowing at 125liters a minute, or 180,000 liters a day - close to 66 mil-lion liters a year! In 1846, a second spring was discoverednearby. In the late 1800's, famous patients began to arrivein the valley, afflicted by anemia, liver disorders, nephri-tis, etc. Among these was the famous abbot AntonioStoppani, known as the father of Italian geology. At thattime, various public locales were established in the valleyto house and feed the visitors. Only the Grand Hotelremains today. It was completely refurbished in 1991.

The hotel, as well as the springs themselves, was ceded tothe town of Rabbi in 1983 by the province of Trento.Near the hotel is the chapel of St. Anne, built in 1784and enlarged in 1835. Between the First and SecondWorld Wars, from 1922 to 1945, these buildings were req-uisitioned by the Mussolini regime which used them assummer camps for GIL, a Fascist youth organization.The famous Italian pianist Benedetti Michelangeli (1920-1995) bought a shepherd's cottage in the Val di Rabbiand vacationed there between concert tours around theworld, including some to the USA and the Soviet Union.The mineral waters of Pejo were known since the latesixteenth century. The first chemical analysis of the wateroccurred in 1650, when Arnold Blanchkenbach ofCologne, Germany, made a special four-day trip fromVenice for that purpose. Two centuries later, the mineralwater of Pejo was announced to the world as the "mostfamous water of the Austrian State" (Until 1919, the

Trentino belonged to Austria). These waters are the light-est of the region. They have both diuretic and laxativeproperties and are often prescribed for liver diseases.Near the spring is the church of San Camillo. Amongother tourist attractions are several ski trails. Most of thecurrent population is engaged in dairy farming. At Pejo,the only surviving community cheese factory may befound. Called 'caseifici turnari,' for hundreds of years, upto the 1970's, these establishments could be found inalmost every village of the Trentino. There were 351 ofthem at the start of the First World War. Any peasantwho had one or more cows in his barn would bring hismilk to this dairy. A cheesemaker and the equipment formaking cheese were always available. The cheesemakerwould duly record the quantity of milk in his ledger. Themilk collected from all the villagers was pooled and whenit reached a certain quantity, usually two hundred to twohundred fifty kilograms. it was time to start processing it.

As the milk was collected during the day, it was placed inmetal containers and immersed in vats of running water.During the night, the cream rose to the top, and in themorning it was removed and put into the churn, a wood-en cask with a piston which was used to 'beat the sheets',that is vigorously stir the cream until all the liquid wasremoved and butter was formed. This butter was thenpressed so as to remove remaining milk. The butter wasthen pressed into wooden forms which were immersedin cold water for a few hours and then wrapped in waxpaper. The butter was then distributed, in turn, to the vil-lagers, in proportion to the amount of milk they hadcontributed. This cooperative system allowed every par-ticipant to have butter and cheese. As a byproduct, thewhey was used to feed the hogs.

Written by Alberto Folgheraiter, Journalist & Author

AA

Thermal Springs of Pejo

Thermal Springs of Rabbi

17

Leggende: Ghosts of Castra HouseLeggende: Ghosts of Castra Housen the winters of 1969 and 1888, all of Europe wasleveled by many avalanches. Tremosine wasdestroyed and it was not the first time. Several cen-turies ago in fact at the mines of Comasine, there

occurred a terrible disaster. Suddenly the iron minescaved in killing many men. The years moved on andslowly but surely, the people began to simply forget thetragedy.

One night two valley people saw the Castra house, aban-doned for some time and still standing on the top of thehill next to the ancient mine illuminated during the day.They thought that it might be some passer-by who stayedthe night. The following night, the entire village quitecurious went to look. And as had happened, the housebecame illuminated. Every night the lights were lit.Increasingly the curiosity of the village grew and grew.Unknown by their families, a group of young girls decid-ed to go to see what those lights might be. The followingnight, they put on party dresses and departed for CastraHouse. As they approached, they began to hear thesound of a waltz. Delighted to hear the music, they drewcloser and were met by a group of young polite, elegant-ly dressed young men. The well-mannered and courte-ous young men invited the young ladies into the houseand join the party. There was dancing and singing and amarvelous spread of food and refreshments.

The party lasted all night. Theyoung ladies convinced that theyhad found possible spouses cameup to the house each and everyevening.

But one evening one of the girls had an awful suspicion.Why is it that the end of the evening my gentleman com-panion is so very white and so fatigued. She asked heradventuresome companions and found that they toowere thinking the very same thing. At the end of theevening, all the young men while they danced with thegirls were saying…Slowly make a turns while dancingsince the dead have little strength. The girls realized thatthey were dancing with the dead of the mine tragedy.They fled at full speed down the hill. From that day on,

no one ever again set foot in CastraHouse…To this day, at night, it is saidthat one can hear a sweet waltz comingfrom the house.

Written by Verena De Paoli, Terlago, Valdei Laghi

II

18

rom timeimmemori-al, the vil-

lage of Ossana wasthe political, adminis-trative and ecclesiasti-cal center of theupper Val di Sole

As early as 1183, thereare documents refer-ring to a Pastor and

1191, the castle is also mentioned as Vulsane. Theancient name of Vulsana is a personal name of Volsiusor Vulso. Recent archeological discoveries in the hills ofSan Michele suggest a settlement during the Bronze Age.Throughout the Middle Ages to this day, Ossana was aflourishing village on account of the mines of Comasineand Fucine as well as with the ongoing transactions withthe nearby Lombard valleys. Ossana’s history is inter-twined with its castle and conflict and strife with thePrince Bishop of Trento and the Count of the Tyrol.The castle was inhabited by a succession of feudal fami-lies from the Federici agli Heydorf ai Bertelli.. The villagewas also a war theater during the Guerra Rustica in 1525.November 5, 1918, at the end of the World War I, theItalian invading troops entered and burned the rectory.

In one of the homes in the historical section of thetown, there were discovered murals of considerableinterest from the 15th and 16th century. The parishchurch of San Vigilio rises in the upper portion of thevillage. Only the campanile is Romanesque in stylewhereas the church structure derives from about 1400.The facade of the church is Renaissance in style and isdated 1536. The interior has only one vaulted nave andhas three altars. The main altar is made of inlaid wood byRamus in the 17th century. The right side altar sculptedin marble by the Veronese Machesini (1665); the left sidealtar, also in marble, rendered by Tyrolean artists(XVIII). Outside of the village, there is the church of StAnthony surrounded by mini-shrines of the Stations ofthe Cross. It represents the most singular example ofSolandro Baroque Art, built between 1686 and 1718,with frescoes by Lombard masters, the Solandro masterDalla Torre (1748-1751) and of Domenico Bonora(1685-1758), a painter from Cavalese of the Val diFiemme.

The very size of Castle of San Michele of Ossana, leavesthe passerby breathless. The Castle is “Roman-Gothic”in style with huge thick walls and an imposing tower, adrawbridge, and a fortified moat. Recent excavationsreveale that it has been inhabited since the Bronze Age.It was a classic lookout built strategically to oversee a keypassage in the valley. It was usurped by Mainardo of theTyrol and became the residence of the Prince Bishops ofTrent. There followed other notable families of wealthand influence: the Federici, a Ghibelline family from theVal Camonica, the Heydorf, the Bertelli from Caderzoneof the Val Rendena who were driven out by the farmercombattants in the “Rustic War” of 1524. During theNapoleonic domination period, it was the soldier’s bar-racks. In brief, between 1800 and 1900, it was owned bythe Austrian Bohemian author, Bertha von Suttner. Shewas the inspiration of Alfred Nobel and the author of afamous opera of 1889 “DieWaffen nieder!” (Lower theArms!). She won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1905.

Just to the east of Ossana, next to the church of StAnthony, there is the cemetery of 1400 soldiers of theAustro-Hungarian army who died on the Tonale front inthe “Great War”, an army that included so very many ourpeople from our valleys including the Val di Sole. Closeby stands an austere monument to the Kaiserschutzewhich has become a Peace Park, as a symbol of a pro-found fraternity. During the winter, Ossana is the seat ofone of the more significant expositions in the Trentino,the exposition of crèches. Throughout the village, thecrèches are displayed crèches in the old stables, windows,wood bins and nooks and crannies.

Written By Alberto Penasa, APT Val di Sole

Ossana and its Castle Ossana and its Castle

FF

Village of Ossana, Val di Sole

Ossana’s Castle

19

One of Our Own . . . In SpaceOne of Our Own . . . In SpaceEditor’s Note: Look up to the skies…One of very own,Samantha Cristoforetti of the Val di Sole, was launched into spaceon November 23 where she will be at the Space Station for thenext 6 months. We salute her and are proud of her!

he is a Trentina from the Val diSole. She is the first Italian femaleastronaut to have flown in space.Her name is Samantha

Cristoforetti, the daughter of SergioCristoforetti and Antonella Pedrotti ofMale`, Val di Sole, their homestead whereher parents owned and managed the HotelMale`. She was born on the 26th of April,1977 in Milan where her parents resided forawhile in that time period. Her infancy wasspent in the environment of her ancestors,the Val di Sole where she attended elementary school.Distinguishably special, she moved on to attend theLiceo della Marcellina in Bolzano. She completed inthree more years her “maturita”-high school specializingin science at the Liceo “Leonardo da Vinci” in Trento.She pursued her baccalaureate degree in mechanicalengineering in the technical University in Munich,Germany along with studies in France and in Moscowwhere she wrote her baccalaureate thesis. The turningpoint in her career was when she opted to serve as a vol-unteer in the Italian military. In 2001, she entered theItalian Aeronautical Academy and after her studies forfour years she became an officer and a military pilot. Shethen came to USA to complete her aeronautical studies

and training. Returning to Italy, she becomes a com-mander of A-Mx bomber. Her exemplary performancethroughout her preparation resulted in her selection forthe European Spatial Agency (ESA).

The desire and dream of flying in spacewas engendered since she was a young girlin the Val di Sole observing the star stud-ded skies of the Val di Sole. She is now acaptain in the Italian Air Force. To prepareherself for her flight in space, she wasassigned to the Russian base of Baikonursof Soyuz TMA. She was sent for furthertraining in various part of the world includ-ing our own United States of America,where her young brother Jonathan livesand works in California as a Information

technician. In space, Samantha will be pursuing a greatvariety of scientific tasks and studies as well as navigat-ing her space craft.

Malè, the Val di Sole, the Trentino-Alto Adige, all ofItaly are profoundly proud of this courageous youngwoman. This intelligent and determined Trentina whosecharacter has been forged among her beloved mountainsof Val di Sole.

Writen by Paolo Magagnotti, formerDirector of Communications for theProvince, International President ofEuropean Journalist Association and trav-eling companion of Fr. Bolognani.

SS

Val di Sole

22

The Mushroom Scientist The Mushroom Scientist Editor’s Note: Everyone of our Tyrolean families in whatsoverpart of the world should know and appreciate the special andrevered place the mushroom has in our humble cuisine. Our alpineancestors scoured the woods and mountain sides of their valleys tofind them and finding them delightfully added them to their servingsof polenta or risotto. Here is the story of the consummate andreknown expert and scholar of mycology, the study of mushrooms.He was a proud Solandro, a native of the Val di Sole.

iacomo Bresadola, priest and scientist, diedat Trento on June 9, 1929. He was 82 yearsold. He had been born at Ortisè (the nettle

place) at 2 AM on Sunday, February 14. 1847 and wasbaptized a few hours later as Giacomo Antonio. He wasthe first of 12 children born to Domenica and SimonBresadola between 1847 and 1868. In the baptismal reg-ister of Ortisè and Menas, the parents are said to bepeasants. The population of these two villages in Val diSole then consisted of 297 souls. After elementaryschool in his own village, young Giacomo was placedwith an uncle, Don Angelo Bresadola, the parish priestof Cloz. He remained there only a year, because he wasdeemed to be too vivacious! From there he went toMontichiari, in the province of Brescia, joining his fatherSimon, who, along with many fellow villagers, worked asa coppersmith during the winter months. In autumn,after work in the fields and on the mountains was fin-ished, they would immigrate to the plains of Lombardy.

Giacomo's scholarly predisposition and the family's com-fortable earnings, led the parents to enroll him in theRoyal Technical School at Rovereto. His call to the priest-hood came later, and the young man transferred to thePrince Bishop's Seminary in Trento, where in a short

time, he caught up on thematerial he was lacking,namely Greek and Latin.He was ordained on July31, 1870 and sent toserve as chaplain atBaselga di Pinè, then toRoncegno, then on toMale`. He was designatedas curate of Magras inthe Val di Sole. It washere that he becamefriendly with theCapuchin monks in the

GG local friary. One of these monks, Father PlacidoGiovanella da Cembra (1828-1903) introduced Giacomoto the systematic study of mushrooms. He began alengthy correspondence with the eminent Italian scientistPier Andrea Saccardo (1845-1920) and with therenowned French mycologist Lucien Quelet (1832-1899).

In 1884, Don Giacomo had to leave his beloved Val diSole to assume a position as the Administrator ofEpiscopal Revenue. He was later assigned to an analo-gous position at the Cathedral in Trento. His vast myco-logical knowledge and the international esteem he hadearned, remained unknown to his fellow citizens until1927, when a committee was formed to honor donBresadola on his eightieth birthday. Renowned scientistsand researchers, among them Luigi Fenaroli, GivanniBatista Trener and Giulio Catoni, published papers andpamphlets calling don Bresadola an 'Italian glory'. TheAmerican C.G. Lloyd, who had visited him in 1923,declared, “I could not leave Italy without undertaking apilgrimage to Trento to pay my respects to Bresadola,whom I consider to be the most knowledgeable mycolo-gist in the world. He is truly a grand old man who willleave a legacy of systematic mycology to rival that ofPersoon and Fries,” (Mycological Notes, Ohio,September 1923). There was widespread sorrow uponthe death of Don Giacomo. On December 7, 1957, atTrento, the Bresadola Mycological Group was estab-lished. In 1987, it became the Bresadola MycologicalAssociation. It publishes a magazine and various pam-phlets, and maintains contact with the hundreds ofBresadola Clubs which have sprung up like mushrooms,all over the world.

Written by Alberto Folgheraiter, Journalist & AuthorAbbate Giacomo Bresadola

23

n the Tyrol, the Cooperative movement inserteditself not only in the area of credit for the farm-ers; it addressed itself to various aspects or needsof the world of the farmer. In 1890, there began

in Villa of Santa Croce in the Bleggio a ConsumerCooperative. Begun by the Founder of the CooperativeMovement, Don Lorenzo Guetti. He called a FamigliaCooperativa, a Family Cooperative. His term of “family”was used to capture the very spirit of solidarity presentin a real family addressing the needs of agriculture andthe farmers’ families. He thought that such a notion of afamily dynamic of mutual reliance would have a greaterpower in the acquisition of goods and services than thatof private entrepreneurs. There were two objectives. Onewas to enable the impoverished farmers to acquire agri-cultural necessities at a far lower price then they had topay previously. The other was to provide time for thefarmers to repay their purchases at a time when they hadrealized the harvests of their fields.

The beneficiaries of the Cooperative were the “soci”, theassociates or those participating in the Cooperative andwho had underwritten the social quota needed to creativethe Cooperative. Such associates were enabled to buy noton the personal credit which they did not have but ofthat of the Cooperative. The purchases were recorded ona designated booklet and the farmers did not pay imme-diately but only when they were able. In truth, the realitywas that the Cooperative was too indulgent. They wouldhave to often remind the associates to pay their debtsreminding them of their obligations. The Cooperativeswere placed in jeopardy their balance sheets as theystruggled to recoup their loans extended to the famers.These circumstances plagued the Cooperatives through-out the Tyrol but they could not do other than toleratethe delays. The very system with its accounting bookletswas designed as a means of helping the poor farmersincapable to sustain them and deprived of any personalcredit or assets.

The Family Cooperative sought to extend themselvesselling their goods at the very costs and eventually deriv-ing a slight profit to assist actual Cooperative store oroutlet to sustain their expenses, avoiding cheating on theprice of goods that were exchanged. Eventually, thismode of consumer cooperative played an extremelyimportant role and function not only for the associatesbut also for the consumers in general who benefitted bythis mechanism. Thanks to the Cooperative mechanism,the exchange of good experienced a resulting price con-trol. Even the private vendors had to lower their pricesto remain competitive and not be excluded from thecommerce. This model questioned the position and priv-ileges of the commercial enterprises that coalescedagainst the cooperative movement to place the coopera-tives in difficult but without succeeding.

The Consumer Cooperative served as a catalyst in agrand design to oblige the farmer to improve his agricul-tural practices by abandoning the poly-farming andembracing a production geared to the needs of the agri-cultural marketing. The initiative was to upset the equi-librium of the old order to enliven to a very needy areawhich had nurtured and prompted emigration

Written by Alberto Ianes, Museo Storico, Trento

Fighting Poverty by CooperatingFighting Poverty by Cooperating

Early Family Cooperative

II

24

Family Stories: The Gentilini’s Family Stories: The Gentilini’s n 2013, my Mother and her siblings sold mygrandparent’s house in Chisholm, Minnesota. Itwas difficult for all of us in the Gentilini family tolet go of the house that had been our family’s

headquarters for 75 years. The house and surrounding40 acres were purchased on April 15, 1939 by my Great-Grandparents, Pietro and Maria Gentilini. Peter had leftthe little town of Almazzago in Val di Sole of Trentino,Italy fifteen years earlier in 1924, bound for another tinytown in the Northeastern part of Minnesota in theUnited States. He left behind his pregnant wife Maria, a3 year old son, Vince (my grandfather) and a 2 year olddaughter, Corina. After arriving in Chisholm, he settledin with Maria’s relatives and began to work hard so hecould save enough money to bring his family to live withhim on the Iron Range of Minnesota. Finally, in 1929,all his hard work paid off when he was finally reunitedwith his wife and children, including his then 5 year olddaughter Perina that he would meet for the first time.

Ten years after his family’s arrival, Peter and his wifewould purchase their very first home. Originally, thehouse came with a barn which housed, chickens, cows,horses and a few barn cats. Along with working in theiron mines, Peter would gather eggs and milk that hischildren would deliver to neighbors and friends on theirway to school every morning. It was his contribution tothe other immigrants in the community. Maria con-tributed with her beautiful flowers and large gardens.

Peter and Maria’s family grew as the years went by tofinally include 3 more daughters and another son. Thehouse was always full of life, people and much happiness.But as the years passed, the family would also experiencesome very profound tragedies, including the tragic deathsof a 3 year old daughter to influenza and the car accidentthat took their youngest son, Peter at the age of 29 andfinally the death of Pietro himself in 1963. By this time,their children had either married or moved away to startlives of their own leaving Maria all alone in the house, soin 1966, she made the decision to move to Minneapolisto live with her youngest daughter, Irma and her family.The house was then passed onto my Grandparents,Vince and Lillian Gentilini, who packed up their familyfrom the house next door and moved into Vince’s child-hood home, where they would raise their own 4 childrenand in 1967, I was born, ushering in the fourth genera-tion of the Gentilini family to live in the house.

II

Our family has enjoyed many, many happy years inNonno and Nonna’s house, holidays and almost everyother family celebration were held there throughout theyears and friends and relatives were always passingthrough the door. Maria passed away in 1981, but thefamily lived on, making more memories and filling thehouse with more generations. There are currently 5 gen-erations of the family living today, including 4 of mygrandfather’s sisters.

Even though it was very difficult to sell our family’s orig-inal home and close this chapter of the Gentilini familystory, it has given us time to pay reverence to what is real-ly important about this story, and it isn’t the house, it isthe people, our Nonno and Nonna, who sacrificed somuch, who left everything and everyone they loved tocome to a country where they didn’t know a word of thelanguage or a thing about the culture, therefore allowingme to sit here today and write their story.

I remember seeing an interview with an immigrant andher daughter years ago, the daughter said to her motherthat life was so hard for her after she had moved to theUnited States, and she was sorry that her dreams of abetter life didn’t come true. To which the motherreplied, “Oh, but they did come true! You were mydream for a better life, it was you I wanted to have a bet-ter life and you have far surpassed my dreams deardaughter.” So, even though it has been hard to let go, itisn’t the house or things that really matter, it is the mem-ories of our ancestors and their lives and legacies thatlive on through us, and it is the love we have for thosethat came before us that will remain inside of us. Wehonor them by making our lives and those that comeafter us just a little bit better. Written by Stefanie Gentilini Carlson, Biddings, MN

Back (L-R): Perina, Venancio, Corina; Front (L-R(: Marina, Maria, Peter, Pietro Irma

25

Family Stories: The Gregori’s Family Stories: The Gregori’s onno, Domenico Gregori arrived inAmerica in 1906 at the age of 26. He immi-grated from a small village, Magras, locatedin the Trentino Region of Northern Italy,

formerly Tirol. He left his home find better opportuni-ties in America. Nonna, Caterina Nicoletti, was born ina small village, Sassoferrato, in the Ancona region ofItaly. After her parents passed away, she eventually immi-grated to the U.S. at the age of 16. Nonna and Nonnomet each other in a small coal mining town inNortheastern, Pennsylvania called Glen Lyon. They weremarried in 1909, had 8 children, 22 grandchildren, andcountless other descendents. No one is sure how ourfamily name, Gregori, evolved into Gregory, ending in a‘y’ instead of ‘I’. Nonno and nonna had a business inGlen Lyon called Gregory’s Café. It’s presumed thatsomehow because of the business or possibly at schoolthe spelling of our “cognome” changed. Nonno wasfamous for wine making and nonna for her spaghettidinners. Prohibition did not deter nonno from his winemaking and the café’ became a grocery store. I remem-ber going to their house for spaghetti, ravioli and polen-ta dinners prepared by nonna and that wonderful aromaof her sauce simmering on the coal/gas stove. Nonnoenjoyed the outdoors and hunting. He talked about hisyouth in Magras where he would spend the summers inthe mountain meadows tending the grazing cows.Nonna always had a neatly planted vegetable garden andchickens in the coop out back. The attic of the garage iswhere Nonno kept his wine press. A story aboutNonno’s wine making was the day some grappa leakedfrom the garage attic onto his brand new car and ruinedthe paint. Nonno was more concerned about losing thegrappa than the damage to his car. He died in 1946,which was the last contact with his family in Italy.

In May, 2001, my wife, Peg, and I decided to take a tripto Austria and possibly to Magras, if it still existed, neverexpecting to find family. A family friend suggested con-tacting his cousin who owns the Monte Giner Hotel inthe Val di Sole. So, I sent an email to the hotel ownerexplaining who I was and asking directions to Magras.Much to my surprise, about 3 days later I received anEmail from Attilio Gregori. Attilio and I exchangedemails and became acquainted. Attilio and I discoveredthat we had similar photos, shown above, of nonno as ayoung man. Attilio invited us to visit. We finally arrivedin Magras and were greeted by Attilio and his family,

wife Nicoletta, son Bruno, and daughter Angela. After ahearty lunch, Attilio, the ultimate tour director, and soproud of the Val di Sole, drove us around the area,including a visit to Madonna di Campiglio, the magnifi-cent, snow covered peaks of the Dolomites. What aview! On Sunday morning we attended Mass in the vil-lage church, meeting many cugini. After Mass, a reunionluncheon was held in the Ristorante Conte Ramponi inMagras, where we met and chatted with many cousins,quite a few spoke English. We exchanged pictures, andate some wonderful local foods and, of course, drank thelocal wines. The daughter of Giustina, nonno’s sister,remembered receiving the letter of nonno’s passing andthe sadness of her mother. Later we walked throughMagras, seeing nonno’s house, school and other sightsand talking to relatives. After our first reunion, we con-tinue to stay in contact. We visited Magras again in 2008and 2013, the last 2 visits included my daughter andgrand daughters. Attlio also visited us in the U.S. We arevery proud of our heritage and so happy to have foundfamily in Tirol.

Written by Paul Gregory of Philadelphia, PA, Grandsonof Domenico and Caterina Gregori.

NN

Standing from left to right are Giustina, Celeste, Fridilino,Domenico (nonno) and Attilio (cugino Attilio’s nonno). Sitting aremy bisnonni, Caterina Zanella Gregori and Gottardo Davide

26

Nos Dialet . . . Our Dialect # 9Nos Dialet . . . Our Dialect # 9ascinating words…there are words and sounds that can be heard throughout the Trentino while othersonly in a particular valley. Moreno Tait, Val di Non, the personal secretary of Hugo Rossi, President of theProvince, said to me the word..Madò…Although I could not explain it or analyze it, I knew actually whathe meant. He explained that it meant “ma certo” or “sicuramente” from the meaning and sense of

Madonna. I wanted to bring it to your attention so I asked Tomaso Iori of the Museo Scuola of Rango. After a“scholarly” argument, we concluded it really was an abbreviation for the word Madonna…It was not a blasphemybut simply an abbreviation. Truly so…as I recalled touring the city of New York with a dear friend who seeing thesights of the city, he would repeatedly exclaim…Madonna, che grant! Madonna, che bel? Mother of God, how big!Mother of God, how beautiful! It was innocent and spontaneous and derived from the rich religious cultural tradi-tions of language and expressions of the Tyrol…Madò…l`è propri vera! Mother of God, it is truly so!!!!

The sound of our dialect.Without any claim to scholarship, I do recall an experience I had in 1968. I had not beenin the Province since 1948…for four months in the Bleggio of the Val delle Giudicarie where I lived with a peoplethat maintained its dialect and customs. That day I had spent the entire day in Rome, heard its pronunciation andnuances and sounds. I left on the midnight train for Trento and awoke to the sounds of our dialect, its intonations,.I looked out the window and saw our tall mountains as we were approaching Trento...and I felt at home…in myhome in Greenwich Village listening to the sounds of my parents and our paesani talking with their words…andsounds. Bias? Prejudice? No…just memory…and just sounds…that reinforced our differences and our identity. Doconsider going to the web site of the Museo degli Usi e Costumi della Gente Trentina (The Museum of the Waysand Customs of the Trentino People) to hear film clips of the sounds and intonations of our people in the Provincespeaking the dialect…Here is their website http://www.museosanmichele.it/alfabeto-delle-cose/

Let’s look to the illustrations on the opposite page, observe their labels of the items. Starting from the top and goingleft to right…We will cite the dialectal word in the illustration and literally translate it into English. The Italian equiv-alent will not be cited. These words and nomenclatures are derived from the dialect around Tione. zanca/elbowtubo-canon/stove pipevaschetta-vasca dala conomica/hot water insertporteia dal fom/ door of the “oven”porteia del calin/door of the small “oven”pegot-pe/legfinestra-vedri/windowsperei/window framesquanz/recessmanecia/window handlevedro-lastro/glassstagia fermabarcon/shutter holdvaschetta-vasca della conomica/hot water reservecerchio-cercol-ceclo/concentric iron stove ringsporteia dal foch/door of the fireporteia dala cendro/door to the ashespiastreia/tilessecer/sinkbochirol/spout

FF

DIALECT SHOW & TELL # 2 La Cosina-the Kitchen

The illustrations opposite are those of Helene Lageder; they appear in the Dizionario del Dialetto di Montagne diTrento by Corrado Grassi, produced and distributed by the Museo degli Usi e Costumi della Gente Trentina,

San Michele all`Adige

portasugaman/towel holderstrusa/dish towelcesera-ciasera/door lockola/potsnol/door handlecazol-menestro/ladlemenestrador fora/ fluted ladlemenestrador fora-spiumarola/ fluted ladlenapolitana/coffee pot Neopolitan styletabiel/polenta boardcaseta par la-dalla legna/woodbinparol/polenta potparolin/small polenta potmanach/pot handletrisa/polenta stickfer da sopresar/ironmarmita/pot inserted into the stovecentener/ granite forms to store butterbanzola-spazadora/dustpan with handle

27

28

Remembering their PastRemembering their Pasthe Museo of the Civiltà Solandra (name ofthe People of the Val di Sole) opened in 1981.The museum recalls the testimonies and arti-facts of the people of the Val di Sole. It

attempts to preserve, reconstruct, and hand down theprincipal moments of the life in the past of this valley.The Museum is dedicated to the life and the work of themen and women of that time: woodsmen and carpenters,agriculture and cattle breeding, the work of the black-smith, weaver, and the spinner. There is the reconstruc-tion of the local houses of a peasant’s home: its kitchen,featuring an open hearth, connected with a horizontalflu, the credenza, the table, the bread chest and verymany utensils used very day; the bedroom, the “stua”(stove), pictures of family elders and deceased relatives.The room is heated by large ceramic stove built in thevalley. The room is illuminated by candles while the wallsand ceiling are framed in wood paneling. There also sev-eral stores of craftsmen: the shoemaker, coppersmith,the blacksmith and the carpenter. The Museum is main-tained by the cultural association “Centro Studi per la Val

di Sole, founded in 1967which also is responsiblefor the Museum of theGreat War in the villageof Peio di Sole, foundedin 1967 which also isresponsible for theMuseum of the GreatWar in the village ofPeio. In another section,there is a display of greatand famous mycologistsolandro, GiacomoBresadola, his writingand drawings, personal objects, report cards, documents,private correspondence and scientific of this celebratedSolandro known throughout the world. For information,one can visit the museum’s site: www.centrostudivaldis-ole.it Written by Federica Costanzi, Attorney, Centro Studi,Malè Val di Sole.

TT

filo.tiroles.com - A Virtual Libraryfilo.tiroles.com - A Virtual LibraryIn the absence of traditional communities with fixed locations in mostplaces, the Filò website can serve as our community’s virtual library. Allthe past 8 issues of the Filò are archived there. Simply click on one of thecovers, it enlarges and the pages turn for you. The articles of the past Filòare being situated on the left side of the site and arranged according tothemes, e.g. Cuisine, Music, etc. This part is a work in progress. You willfind the music of the songs that are featured in the individual issues.Finally, the special book for our community, The Courageous Peoplefrom the Dolomites, written by Fr. Bonny, Fr. Bonifacio Bolognani is alsothere to read and enjoy. The archiving of the past issues is especiallyimportant for the many who register every day and who had not seen the previous issues. One can also register thereto receive the Filò. Go to the library…and learn about your heritage.

29

r. Bonifacio Bolognani was a very specialfriend to our Tyrolean American community.He gave us 22 years of service seeking us outfrom one community to another throughout

the United States bringing us not only the Word of Godbut bringing to our immigrants the presence of theirlands and culture. He was our apostle as well as sociolo-gist describing and explaining ourselves to ourselves byhis book Courageous People from the Dolomites. Finallyhe gave us as our very own, our very first immigrant, FrEusebio Chini who was a giant: cartographer,astronomer, explorer, holy man and the Father ofArizona. Accordingly, we together and individually had aneed…an obligation to recognize him and celebratehim…and we did so on August 31, 2014.

As a background, Fr. Bonny had been celebrated in 2007.with the creation of a bust statue of him. The statue wasinitiative of Gene Pellegrini, the President of ITTONAand his wife Patty. It was to be situated conspicuously inPiazza Dante, the park directly across the street from thetrain station but instead it was placed in the entrance areaof Palazzo Geremia in Trento in relative obscurity. At thesame time, Fr. Bonny’s epic book Courageous People wasout of print and no longer available to our community.Something had to be done..and it got done. GenePellegrini, Ben Maganzini, myself and so many specialfriends of the Filo` in the Province rolled up their sleevesand got to work. We actually did not move mountains butsomewhat did by dealing with the quintessential Italianbureaucracy for almost five months with letters, emailsand phone calls to move the statue from Trento to VigoCavedine in the Val dei Laghi, Fr. Bonny’s home town.We then went about to orchestrate the feast from afarwith the Mayor Renzo Travaglia, Anna Dellape, theAssessore for Cultura, and special assistant, GianniBolognani…and it came about on August 31, 2014.

Present was the Bishop of Trento, His Excellency

Archbishop Bressan, the Superior General of theFranciscans along with several of his confreres, membersof the Provincial and Local governance, Paul Magagnotti,Fr. Bonny’s side kick, several journalists, the Office ofEmigration, the media, Fr. Bonny’s many relatives andthe entire village of Vigo. The statue was there directlyacross from the church’s entrance in a beautifully land-scaped spot. The action began in the beautiful churchwith a magnificent choir along with violins greeted theprocession of Bishop and 6 priests as they entered andconcelebrated the Eucharist. Immediately a town officialset the tone with a greeting the first eulogy for FatherBonny…The Bishop both spoke and prayed in Italianand English as our American delegation was present.After mass, we gathered in the piazza outside facing theveiled statue…The ceremony consisted of a series ofpresentations with interludes of Alpine songs from theCoro Monte Verde. The first to speak was BenMaganzini, then Padre Patton, the Franciscan SuperiorGeneral, who framed Bonny’s life, followed by PaoloMagagnotti…then Gene…being always Gene…pleasedthe crowds with his tender reminiscences of Fr. Bonny inthe USA, then Archbishop Bressan, then myself present-ing him as our sociologist who reinforced our Tyroleanidentity and gave us Fr. Eusebio Chini…there followedthe other officials. It was absolutely splendid…and likewhat was said about the early Christians…See how they

love each other…the villagers repeated theexpression saying: See how they loved him!Yes, we certainly did…It goes without say-ing…we concluded with a dinner of….polen-ta, krauti e spezzatino…It should also be saidthat the Filo` continues the work that heinspired and his Courageous People is nowsaved and available on the Filò. Website: www.filo.tiroles.com.

Father Bonny, Our ChampionFather Bonny, Our Champion

FF

30

Mountains of the Val di Sole Mountains of the Val di Sole any ancient paths wind among the moun-tains of the Val di Sole, many of themsteeped in legend. It is told that in 774Charlemagne, having defeated Desiderio,

King of the Lombards, came through the Tomale Passand then proceeded through the Val di Sole and onthrough the Rendena Valley. In this way, he avoidedcrossing the Val di Non which was inhabited by hostiletribes. Around that time the Hospice of Tonale was builtto provide shelter to passing travelers.

The main peak of this valley is La Presanella. At 3,558meters, it is the highest mountain lying entirely within theTrentino. The first ascent of the mountain occurred in1854, when a group of Austrian topographers climbedto the summit from Val Nardis. 150 years ago, on August25, 1864, a group of Englishmen: Melwill Beachcroft,Douglas William Freshfield, and James Douglas Walker,reached the top with the help of the Alpine guideFrancois Joseph Devouassoud and a porter, VermiglioBortolameo Delpero. Today the climb from either theSegantini Refuge or the Denza Refuge is easily made byan alpinist and with the help of a guide, even an excur-sionist in good physical condition can attempt it.

In the mountains grouped around La Presanella there aremany refuges. The list includes the Rifugio CapannaPresena at Vedretta di Presena; Rifugio Cornisello atLake Cornisello; Rifugio Dario Albasini at Maghet Haut;Rifugio Fazzon; Rifugio Nambino on Lake Nambino;Rifugio Malghette at Lake Malghette; Rifugio Nambronin Val Nambron; Rifugio Orso Brunoon, Mount Vigo;Rifugio Solander at Pra di Lago and the Rifugio VivianiPradalago. Among the oldest and most famous, theRifugio Denza was built in 1898 and named for the Rev.Francesco Denza, a renowned meteorologist. It is man-aged by the Alpine guide, Mirco Dezulian. Another wellknown refuge is the Refugio Segantini, erected in 1901and dedicated to the painter Giovanni Segantini, a nativeof Arco. Among the other mountains of the Val di Sole,one other peak merits mention, not for its Alpine habi-tat, but because it was the scene of an event which taxedthe resources of the Alpine rescue squads. Just beforeChristmas, 1956, an Italian Air Line passenger planecrashed into the Genir peak, causing the death of all 22aboard. Despite terrible weather conditions, the rescuesquads were able to recover all the bodies in record time.

In the northern portion of the Val di Sole there are high-er mountains approaching an altitude of 4000 meters.The most important is Cevedale at 3757 meters, lyingwithin the Stelvio National Park. The first ascent to thehighest peak of Cevedale was made on September 7,1865 by the Bohemian Julius Payer, while the smallerpeak, known as Zufallspitze, had been conquered byEdmund von Mojsisovics and his guide Sebastian Janigeron August 13, 1864. Cevedale is higher than Presanella,but it lies partially outside the Trentino, in the adjoiningAdige region. Today it is relatively easy to reach the peaksof Cevedale - a cable car climbs from Solda to the Cittàdi Milano refuge and one can walk on to the Casatirefuge and then on to the peak. Alternately, the peak maybe reached from the Larcher refuge in Trentino. In theCevedale vicinity there are other notable refuges.

In the Val di Rabbi is the Silvio Dorigoni, built in 1903and managed by the family of another Alpine guide,Lorenzo Iachelini, who was a geologist. The presentstructure was updated with particular attention to tech-nological innovations for the protection of the environ-ment. This refuge can be reached by a pleasant hikewhich passes by the famous Saent Waterfall, among thebest known in the Trentino. In the Val di Peio, there isthe Guido Larcher refuge. It was first built in 1882, andhas been renovated many times since. The refuge ViozMantova is the highest of the eastern Alps at 3535meters. it was built in 1911 by an Austro-German AlpineClub. Near it is the church of St Bernard of Mentone,dedicated to the dead of all wars erected in 1947. Not faraway, stands the recently founded historic site of PuntaLinke. This site, at 3632 meters, was the nerve center ofthe Ortles-Cevedale front in the Great War. For decades,ice preserved the area, but toda,y the historian, as well asthe tourist, can gain insight into the soldiers’ life. Severalyears of digs uncovered the cable car’s arrival hut whichserved the troops, housing for the funicular's motor, anda service shop. A 30 meter tunnel through the rock wasexcavated, and the departure hut has been reconstructed.

Riccardo Decarli (Biblioteca della montagna-SAT,Trento) Ricardo knows the mountains that he presentsto us first hand. Hew just published Guida ai Rifugi delTrentino, where he describe the 151 “rifugi” in theTrentino. The book is available from Panorama diTrento: editrice_panorama@iol.it (www.panoramalibri.it)

MM

31

32

The Great War in the Val di SoleThe Great War in the Val di SoleEditor’s Note: 2014 is the anniversary of the “Great War”1914-1918 in which our people suffered greatly fighting in Russiaand in defending their homeland against Italy. At its conclusion,our people lost their homeland as it was annexed without aplebiscite to Italy by the Allies. Here is the first of a series of threeinstallments by Uldarico Fantelli who details the experience of waron our people and their lands.

he Val di Sole was one of the many valleysfrom the Brenner Pass to Rovereto thatformed for almost 200 years the Tyrol, partof the Austrian Hungarian Empire, loyal to its

Emperor, Franz Joseph. With the assassination ofArchduke Ferdinand at Sarajevo, the Emperor declaredwar on Serbia after the failed diplomacy with the Serbiansand the Slavic nations. The declaration of war was issuedon July 28, 1914..Ai Miei Popoli…To my People…readthe sad declaration of war in all of the villages and ham-lets of the valley. It was posted on the walls of homes,village’s walls, bulletin boards, church doors: the declara-tion of the much feared war. The men of the valley werecalled to arms (first those from 20 to 42) prepared them-selves immediately to leave…leaving homes, their fami-lies and their work. There were no manifestations of bel-licose enthusiasm nor were there protests or fierce dis-sent; serious and obedient to the call of the Emperor.

There were long lines of horses, wagons, men on footproceeding towards the depots of the local trains:Trento-Male` and Darmulo…Mendola and then toTrento and from there to Bolzano, Innsbruck, Brixenand Merano…transported to their quarters and to theirregiments. The majority of these were the four regimentsof the Tiroler Kaiserjager, the Tyrolean Hunters of the

Czar. For almost all of them, the destination was Galicia.It was name that few knew and yet fewer could find onany map.

No one could have imagined and then found there...inGalicia, in Russia, in Serbia that inferno and that carnagethat proved to be an unexpected war, long, terrible,bloody and devastating. Almost all of the 480 fallen fromthe Val di Sole, finally accounted for at the end of con-flict, left their wounded and slain bodies strewn every-where right on the eastern front. Many many more wereimprisoned by the Russians and were scattered in thoseinfinite spaces of the empire of the Czar. Their futurewas cast by pain, hunger, solitude, misery and ultimatelythe journey back to their paternal house, a journey ofbiblical proportions.

The valley people who remained in their villages had anenormous difficulty in having an idea to what was reallyhappening. But with the many, they thought that thisevent was inevitable but nonetheless short lived, danger-ous but necessary. They imagined that “aroundChristmas” that their men would be returning to theirlives of every day, to the peace of their routines. But itwas not to be that way. The war was becoming ever bit-terer and the news from the front brought indications ofgreat heroism and the fortitude of their fighters but alsoof the uncertainty of the time and the final results.

When then the spring of 1915 seem to have brought thebelligerent powers to be approaching some kind ofaccord to be verified, the political and military situationworsened for the inhabitants of the Tyrol with theentrance of the Kingdom of Italy (the relatively newlyformed “Italy”) into the war, It was the beginning of

TT

33

fierce Calvary; it was the beginning of yet “another”front, the front of “the war at their door” of their house.

The war throughout the Val di Sole became “global”. Itwas not only so due to this new front becoming a realitythat was next door, the clear and present danger in nextvalley, and the source of the cannon fire over their veryown houses, but also because the civilian living wasthreatened at its very core and suspicion and fear becameingredients of every day life and the measure… betweenindividuals and their institutions.

Throughout the valley, there developed new “categories”of humanity: to the soldiers and their traditional “ene-mies” in the field, there were added the prisoners, thecivil hostages, usually the mayors and the pastors, therefugees, those evacuated locally to other countries, thepolitical suspects, The word “fatherland” became a signof contradiction in the very heart of one` own family,the fatherland became s source of polemics and residualresentments within the very families where thereoccurred contradictory loyalties.

The theater of war was on the tops of the mountainsimpervious and most dangerous. It was now the theaterof military confrontations and a symbol of unheard andaudacious alpinism without any exception. There wasabout to begin the war that truly merited the title the“white war” and the “war of the eagle”.

Alpini, Kaiserjager, Standschutzen, Landesschutzen,Kaiserschutzen, soldiers and volunteers, infantry andartillery, alpine guides and special forces…all gave thiswar a new face and a new significance, because there willbe bestowed a theatricality and a nobility which all menof the mountains knew how to cultivate under the toughskin of their poor and solitary existence.

For the people who remained in the villages of the Valley,life changed. Changed for the very worse. From theDistrict Commandant of Cles, there were issued theusual directives but the new political/military environ-ment precipitated an already compromised situationwhich exasperated the civil and economic relationships.

The “Solandro” (Val di Sole) front revealed itself fromthe very beginning as an atypical front and in all margin-al, the two combatants inserted between the two strategicand defensive positions, those of the Adamello-Presanella e the Ortles-Civedale. The presence of highmountains between the two combatants separated by thenarrow trenches of the valleys with difficult access andtortuous and unsafe trails rendered the battle maneuversvery difficult. The length of the winter seasons, theinclement weather at the high altitudes, the chill factorthat was ever present throughout the year...all combinedto discourage the movement of large contingent oftroops or equipment. The absolute bitterness of themountain terrain frightened all who did not haveadvanced alpinist skills or were not able to adapt to high-ly risky maneuvers of the high peaks. Only men withproven skills were able to survive in the bitter environ-ment of the winter or to sustain whatsoever human life.It became clear that in such an environment, the decisivefactor was man’s relationship with nature. Of less impor-tance was the traditional technical and military science.TO BE CONTINUED.

Written by Uldarico Fantelli. He hasserved in many capacities in both localand Provincial Governance as well asEducational Administration. He is anoted author and Scholar regarding theWorld War I and our people.

34

I Proverbi: Wisdom StoriesI Proverbi: Wisdom StoriesTuti i mesi se fa la luna e tuti i dì se n’empàra una. Tutti i mesi si fa una luna nuova e tutti i giorni si impara qual-cosa. Every month, there appears a new moon. Every day one learns something.

A pagàr e a morìr se fa semper en temp. A pagare e a morire si fa sempre in tempo. To pay and to die, one does intime.

L’aqua de Agòst la rinfresca el bosch.L`acqua di Agosto rinfresca il bosco. The rain of August refreshes the woods.

Chi vache para, chi femne mena ‘ndo che ‘l cret de arivàr a disnàr no l’ariva gnanca a cena. Che conduce mucche, chiaccompagna donne, dove pensa di arrivare per l’ora di pranzo non arriverà per neanche per l’ora di cena. Who leadscattle, who chase women, thinks of arriving in time for lunch, does not make it for supper.

Nigole rosse de sera, bel temp se spèra; nigole rosse de domàn, metite el gabàn. Nuvole rosse di sera bel tempo sispera; nuvole rosse di mattina, mettiti la giacca (sarà una giornata fredda). Red clouds, good weather one hopes; redclouds in the morning, put on your jacket (it will turn cold).

Gentilini- meaning gentile with a suggestion of nobility, courteous, gracious-founded in various parts of theTrentino. Individuals: Bruno Gentilini (1925-1988) designer and architect of the Brennero autostrada; Luigi Gentilini(11812-1900), born inn Vezzano, priest and delegate to the Vienna congress.

Gregori-originally from the Greek meaning one who rises early; with the meaning being alert, ready

Martinelli- derived from Martino with the meaning of being dedicated to the god Mars. It is found throughout theTrentino. Individuals: 1259 Martinellus-Bretonico; 1743 Bartolomeo Martinelli, Imer-

Pedrotti-derives from the name Peter which means rock, a name diffused throughout the Christian world, in dialectit is rendered Pero. With its diminutive, derivations and adjectives, there are many sopranomi, nick names.Individuals: Pietro detto pedrottus, Tiarno, 1494. In 1500’s there is a “noble family”, originally from Cognola.Individuals:Antonio Pedrotti(1901-1975);Enrico Pedrotti (1905-1965), born in Trento, cofounder of the renownCoro SAT, the most renown of the Trentino alpine choirs. There are almost 100 variations of this name.

Origins of Tyrolean NamesOrigins of Tyrolean Names

35

Alberto Chini, Presidente of Father Eusebio Chini Museum, SegnoAlberto Folgheraiter - Author, journalist and specialist in Trentino culture, Trento Christian Brunelli - Technical Consultant, Peekskill, NY Tomaso Iori - Bivedo, Val di Giudicarie-Curator of Museo Scuola, RangoGiorgio Crosina - Director, Phoenix Informatica Bancaria, Trento Ivo Povinelli - Director - Federazione Trentina della Pro Loco e loro Consorzi, Trento Jim Caola - Genealogist, nutritional counselor, macrobiotic chefDaniela Finardi - Communications Department -- Museo degli Usi e Costumi della Gente TrentinaManuele Margini - Phoenix Bancaria Informatica, Trento Ricardo Di Carli - Biblioteca della Montagna-SAT, TrentoRenzo Grosselli - L`Adige, Journalist, Author, Trento Alexander DeBiasi - Trentino Sviluppo, SpAVerena Di Paoli - Writer, Researcher, Scholar, Terlago Veronica Coletti - Bronx, New YorkStefano Miotto - Phoenix Informatica Bancaria, Trento Andrea Rella, Phoenix Informatica Bancaria, TrentoMoreno Tait, Secretary to the President Ugo Rossi

Alberto Ianes, Museo StoricoClaudio Bezzi, Phoenix, Val di SoleSandro De Manicor, Val di SolePaolo Magagnotti, Vald di SoleRenato Weiger, Val di SoleFederica Costanzi, Centro Studio, Malè, Val di SoleUldarico Fantelli, Dimaro, VAl di SoleSeverino Ruatti, Agritur Ruatti, Precorno, Val di SoleAlberto Penasa, APT Val di SoleUgo Rossi, President o fthe TrentinoAttilio Gregori, APT Val di SoleAmy Gentilini Carlson, Hibbing, MNPaul Gregory, Philadelphia, PAJudy Pedrotti Andersen, Chesterfield, MOKathy Pedrotti Hays, Indianapolis, IN

Front Cover: Mariotti Studio FotograficoPage 6: Daniele Lira; Gianni Zotto; Nicoletta Andreis; Mariotti Studio; APT Val di SolePage 11: Museo di San Michele Pages 13: Gianni ZottoPage 14-15: Sando DiManicorPages 20-21: Trentino Sviluppo Page 23: Museo Storico Page 31: Andrea Parolin; Tiziano Mochen; Silvia Fiorini; Adriano Dalpiaz; Mariotti Studio; Alaverz Alfredo;Federico Arno; APT Val di Sole Page 36: APT Val di Sole; Gianni Zotto; Marco Corriero; Giuliano Bernardi Our sincerest thanks to Giorgio Crosina and Phoenix Informatica Bancaria for making thedistribution of the Filò possible throughout the United States.

Photo Credits Photo Credits

Our Partners are . . . Our Partners are . . .

Contributors Contributors

We Acknowledge, Salute andWe Acknowledge, Salute andCelebrate our very ownCelebrate our very ownSamantha CristoforettiSamantha Cristoforetti

Pre-Sort Standard

US PostagePAID

Permit # 5432White Plains, NY

Filò MagazinePO Box 90Crompond, New York 10517