filter design guide

8/3/2019 Filter Design Guide

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Filter DesignGuide

August 2005


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Contents1 Introducing the Filter Design Guide

Getting Started ......................................................................................................... 1-1

Setting Preferences............................................................................................ 1-1

Filter Design Flow............................................................................................... 1-3

SmartComponents ............................................................................................. 1-4

Automated Assistants......................................................................................... 1-5

Accessing the DesignGuide ............................................................................... 1-6

The Filter DesignGuide Control Window ............................................................ 1-8

SmartComponent Palette Access ...................................................................... 1-9

Using the Filter Design Guide................................................................................... 1-11

Create a New Design ......................................................................................... 1-11

Open the DesignGuide Control Window............................................................. 1-11

Design and Analyze a Lowpass Filter ................................................................ 1-11Analyze Yield of the Lowpass Filter.................................................................... 1-13

2 Using SmartComponents

Overview................................................................................................................... 2-1

Placing SmartComponents....................................................................................... 2-1

Copying SmartComponents ..................................................................................... 2-2

Copying Within A Design.................................................................................... 2-2

Copying Between Designs or Schematic Windows............................................ 2-2

Editing SmartComponents ....................................................................................... 2-3

Position and Orientation ..................................................................................... 2-3Parameters ......................................................................................................... 2-3

Deleting SmartComponents ..................................................................................... 2-3

Delete From Current Design............................................................................... 2-4

Delete From Current Project............................................................................... 2-4

Delete Manually Using File System.................................................................... 2-4

Design, Analysis, and Yield ...................................................................................... 2-4

Stand-Alone SmartComponent Usage..................................................................... 2-5

Using an Existing SmartComponent Within the Same Project........................... 2-5

3 Using Automated AssistantsFilter Assistant .......................................................................................................... 3-1

Impedances........................................................................................................ 3-2

Order .................................................................................................................. 3-2

Design Information ............................................................................................. 3-2

Response Type................................................................................................... 3-2

Frequency........................................................................................................... 3-2

Attenuation ......................................................................................................... 3-3


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Realizations........................................................................................................ 3-3

Design ................................................................................................................ 3-3

Simulation Assistant ................................................................................................. 3-4

Simulation Frequency Sweep............................................................................. 3-5

Automatically Display Results............................................................................. 3-5

Starting the Simulation ....................................................................................... 3-6Simulation Templates ......................................................................................... 3-6

Yield Assistant .......................................................................................................... 3-6

Simulation Frequency Sweep............................................................................. 3-7

Statistical Components....................................................................................... 3-7

Yield Optimization............................................................................................... 3-9

Yield/Optimization Goals .................................................................................... 3-9

Automatically Display Results............................................................................. 3-10

Starting the Simulation ....................................................................................... 3-10

Yield Results....................................................................................................... 3-10

Yield Templates ........................................................................................................ 3-10Display Assistant ...................................................................................................... 3-11

Display Template Features ................................................................................. 3-11

Basic Layout ....................................................................................................... 3-12

Typical Area One Graph ..................................................................................... 3-12

Typical Area Two Graphs.................................................................................... 3-13

Typical Area Three Templates ............................................................................ 3-14

Display Assistant Operation ............................................................................... 3-14

Opening a Display .............................................................................................. 3-14

Display Templates .............................................................................................. 3-15Transformation Assistant .......................................................................................... 3-15

Accessing the Transformation Assistant............................................................. 3-15

Selecting a Transformation Type ........................................................................ 3-16

Component Selection ......................................................................................... 3-18

Transformation Buttons....................................................................................... 3-18

Changing Component Type................................................................................ 3-18

Transmission Line Types .................................................................................... 3-19

Additional Transformation Functions .................................................................. 3-19

4 SmartComponent Reference

SmartComponent List............................................................................................... 4-1

LCLowpassDT (Doubly Terminated Lowpass Filter)................................................. 4-2

LCHighpassDT (Doubly Terminated Highpass Filter)............................................... 4-4

LCBandpassDT (Doubly Terminated Bandpass Filter)............................................. 4-6

LCBandstopDT (Doubly Terminated Bandstop Filter) .............................................. 4-8

LCLowpassST (Singly Terminated Lowpass Filter) .................................................. 4-10

LCHighpassST (Singly Terminated Highpass Filter) ................................................ 4-12


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LCBandpassST (Singly Terminated Bandpass Filter) .............................................. 4-14

LCBandstopST (Singly Terminated Bandstop Filter) ................................................ 4-16

Index


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7/70Getting Started 1-1

Chapter 1: Introducing the Filter DesignGuideThis cha pter int roduces the Filter DesignGu ide. This manu al assu mes you h ave

insta lled t he DesignGuide with appr opriat e licensing codewords.

Getting Started

The Filter DesignGuide provides Smar tComponen ts a nd aut oma ted-assistant s for

th e design, simulat ion, a nd perform an ce ana lysis of comm on pas sive filters.

Aut oma ted-assista nt s include a Filter Assista nt , Simu lation Assista nt , Yield

Assista nt an d Display Assista nt , which ena ble you to quickly crea te a nd verify a

design. All Sma rt Componen ts can be modified when selected . You sim ply select aSma rt Component an d with litt le effort redesign or verify th eir perform an ce.

The complexity of the Advan ced Design System (ADS) is m ade ea sily accessible

th rough t he a ut oma ted-assistan ts. This ena bles a first-time or casua l ADS user t o

begin us ing t he capability of ADS qu ickly, an d experien ced ADS user s will be able to

perform ta sks faster th an ever before. As an example, a singly ter mina ted ban dstop

elliptical filter can be designed, verified an d a layout genera ted in a few minu tes

saving th e designer substa nt ial time.

Note This ma nu al is written describing and sh owing access th rough th e cascading

men u preferen ce. If you ar e ru nn ing th e progra m th rough t he selection dia log box

met hod, the a ppear an ce and inter face will be slight ly different .

Setting Preferences

All DesignGuides can be accessed t hr ough eith er cascadin g menu s or dia log boxes.

You can configure your pr eferr ed met hod in the ADS Main window or from theSchematic window.


8/701-2 Getting Started

Introducing the Filter Design Guide

Note This ma nu al is written describing and sh owing access th rough th e cascading

men u preferen ce. If you ar e ru nn ing th e progra m th rough t he selection dia log box

met hod, the a ppear an ce and inter face will be slight ly different .

To configure a ccess t hr ough men us or d ialog boxes:

1. Fr om t he Main or Schemat ic window, select DesignGuide > Preferences.

2. In th e DesignGu ide Menu Style group box, choose either Use a selection dialog

box or Use cascade menus.

3. Close an d rest ar t t he pr ogram for your preferen ce cha nges to tak e effect.

Note On P C system s, Windows r esour ce issues m ight limit th e use of cascading

men us. When m ult iple windows ar e open , your system could become dest abilized.

Thu s th e dialog box menu style might be best for t hese situ at ions.



The ADS Ma in window DesignGuide men u cont ain s t he following choices:

DesignGuide Developer Studio > Start DesignGuide Studio is only ava ilable on t his

menu if you have insta lled the DesignGuide Developer Studio. I t launches the in it ia

Developer St udio dialog box.

DesignGuide Developer Studio > Developer Studio Documentation is only ava ilable onth is menu if you ha ve inst alled th e DesignGuide Developer St udio. It br ings up t he

DesignGuide Developer Studio documentation.

Note Another way to access the DesignGuide Developer Studio documenta t ion is by

selecting Help > Topics an d Index > DesignGuides > DesignGu ide Developer S tu d io

(from a ny ADS pr ogra m window).

Add DesignGuide brings up a directory browser in wh ich you can add a DesignGuideto your insta llat ion. This is primar ily int ended for u se with DesignGuides th at ar e

cust om-built th rough th e Developer Stu dio.

List/Remove DesignGuide brings u p a list of your inst alled DesignGuides. Select an y

th at you would like to uninst all an d choose th e Remove button.

Preferences brings up a dialog box th at ena bles you to:

Disable the DesignGuide menu comma nds (all except Pr eferences) in th e Main

window by un checking t his box. In t he Schema tic and Layout windows, th ecomplete DesignGuide menu and all of it s commands will be removed if th is box

is unchecked.

Select your preferr ed inter face meth od (cascading men us vs. dialog boxes).

Filter Design Flow

The Filter DesignGuide follows st an dar d design procedur e:

1. Select a component needed for your design.2. Pr ovide specificat ions.

3. Design an d a na lyze the component .

4. If th e component perform an ce needs adjust men t, optimize the component .

There a re two import an t genera l concepts: Sma rt Component s an d Aut oma ted

Assistants.




SmartComponents

The DesignGu ide provides ma ny pass ive Sma rt Component s such as doubly an d

singly ter mina ted filter s. Sma rt Component s cont ain specificat ion par am eters a nd a

schem at ic repr esenta tion of th e design.

Smar tComponent s a re m an ipulat ed using several Aut oma ted Assistant s. Theseassistan ts enable you to easily design an d simulat e th e Sma rt Component s.

Smar tComponent s ar e sma rt sub-network designs th at can be placed into a

schem at ic. The Doubly Term inat ed Lowpass Filter Componen t is shown h ere.

The component s a re placed in th e schem at ic by selecting t he desired

Sma rt Component from t he pa lette an d clicking at t he point wh ere you wan t t hemplaced in t he schema tic. The desired specificat ions of th e Sma rt Component ar e

ent ered by clicking on its pa ra met ers a nd cha nging th em. In addition, a dialog box

cont ainin g all par am eters is available by double-clicking on th e Sma rt Component .

The Sm ar tComponen t d esign (schem at ic) can be viewed by push ing into the

Sma rt Component s subn etwork . A Sma rt Component su bnetwork is empt y un til the

Design Assista nt is used to genera te t he design. For det ails on t he

SmartComponents, refer to Cha pter 4, Smar tComponen t Reference.

Hint Place a doubly termina ted lowpass filter Sm ar tComponen t int o a schema tic by

clicking the LowpassDTpalett e butt on a nd clicking with in th e Schem at ic window at

th e desired placement locat ion.

Edit SmartComponent

Parameters Here



Creating a Design using SmartComponents

1. Choose an d place a Smar tComponent .

2. Edit th e Sma rt Component para meters (specificat ions).

3. Design the Sma rt Component using the Filter Assistant .

4. Ana lyze the Sm ar tComponen ts perform an ce using t he Simu lation a nd Yield

Assistants.

5. Display th e perform an ce of th e Smar tComponen t u sing the Display Assista nt .

Automated Assistants

Five Aut oma ted Assistan ts ar e ava ilable in t his DesignGu ide. They provide quick

design, simu lation, yield a na lysis, an d per form an ce display for Sma rt Component s.They also ena ble tr an sform at ion of lumped element s t o tr an smission line elements.

Ea ch Automat ed Assista nt ha s a comm an d page tha t is accessed from DesignGuide

cont rol window. Explore each comm an d pa ge by selectin g th e a ssociat ed t ab (or

dialog) on the control window. Following are descriptions of each Automated

Assistant.

Filter Assistant is used to generat e/upda te a Sm ar tComponen ts schem at ic

design for filter net works. After a Sm ar tComponen t is placed and t he

par am eters a re specified, you st ar t th e Filter Assista nt to design th e

component . Subsequent ly, if th e par am eters of th e Sma rt Component ar e modified,you s ta r t the F ilt er Assis t ant aga in to upda te the des ign . For more in format ion , r efer

to Filter Assista nt on pa ge 3-1.

Simulation Assistant is used to au tomat ically perform a simula tion of a

Smar tComponent . After a Smar tComponent ha s been designed using the

Filter Assis tant , you star t the Simulat ion Assis tant to automat ica lly analyze

th e component . You can easily examine t he simu lation resu lts u sing th e Display

Assista nt . For more inform at ion, r efer t o Simulat ion Assistan t on pa ge 3-4.

Yield Assistant is used to au tomat ically perform a simula tion of aSma rt Component s n etwork sensitivity. After a Sma rt Component ha s been

designed us ing the Filter Assista nt , you st ar t t he Yield Assista nt to

au tomat ically ana lyze th e component . You can easily examine th e sensit ivity resu lts

using t he Display Assista nt . For more inform at ion, refer to Yield Assistant on

page 3-6.




Display Assistant is used to aut oma tically display th e an alysis resu lts

genera ted u sing the Simulat ion Assistant . By start ing the Display

Assista nt , you can quickly display the r esults generat ed from th e most

recent simula tion of a Sma rt Component . For m ore inform at ion, refer to Display

Assista nt on page 3-11.

Transformation Assistant is provides an inter active environm ent for

tr an sform ing lumped elemen ts t o tr an smission lines within a designed

Sma rt Component . For m ore inform at ion, refer to Transformation

Assista nt on page 3-15.

Accessing the DesignGuide

The F ilter DesignGu ide is accessed from a Schem atic window with in ADS. Fir st you

mu st crea te or open a project. Fr om t he ADS ma in window, select File > N ew Projector File > Open Project, as sh own h ere. For t his exam ple, crea te a n ew project called

QuickStart.

To open a Schem at ic window, select Window > N ew S chema tic or click t he N ew

Schematic Window toolbar but ton.

File Menu

New Schematic Window



A new Schem at ic window appea rs, as sh own h ere. The DesignGu ide feat ur es ar e

accessed using t he m enu , cont rol window, and Sma rt Component palett es. The F ilter

DesignGuide men u is a vailable from th e DesignGuide men u.

Note Depend ing on h ow your ADS preferences ar e set, a Schema tic window ma y

au tomat ically appear when you creat e or open a project.




The Filter DesignGuide Control Window

All DesignGuide features are available from the Control Window that houses menus

a t oolbar, and Sm ar tComponen t m an ipulation cont rols.

The win dow can be placed an ywhere on th e screen. To access t he Cont rol Window,

select t he Filter Control Window sub-menu from t he Filtermenu. The menus an d

toolbar but tons per form th e basic fun ctions for each aut oma ted Assista nt (Design,

Simulat e, Yield, an d Display) as well as display th e Sma rt Component palett es. Fu ll

feat ur es ar e available from each of th e ta b pages on th e window. Explore ea ch

Aut oma ted Assistan t ta b page by clicking on t he t ab a t th e top of each page. Explore

ToolbarMenus

Filter DesignGuide Control Window

Tab Pages



th e window menus a s well to fam iliar ize your self with t he ba sic DesignGuide

capabilities.

The window includes t he following feat ur es an d fun ctions:

You can place the window anywhere on t he screen:

With t he fields at th e top of th e Cont rol Window, you can n avigat e multiple

Schem at ic windows an d Smart Component s.

The Current S chematic drop-down list box enables you t o select any of th e

cur rent ly opened Schemat ic windows. This field is a lso updated when Passive

Circu it Control Window is selected from t he Passive Circu itmenu.

Th e cu r ren t design n ame is a lso d isplayed below t h e Current Schematic. Th e

SmartComponentdrop-down list box ena bles you to select an y of the

Sma rt Component s on t he cur ren tly selected schem at ic window.

The S m artCom ponent Capability field informs you of what funct ions (design

simula te, optimize, an d display) th e DesignGu ide can perform for th at

par ticular component .

To close t he Cont rol Window, select File > Exit DesignGuid e from the Control

Window men u bar. The window ma y also be closed u sing t he window close

featu re of th e operat ing system (a butt on ma rked with a n x a t t he t op of th e

window).

SmartComponent Palette Access

The Sma rt Component palettes ar e displayed by using th e right butt on group in th e

cont rol window toolbar or from t he cont rol window menu View men u. (They can also

be chosen from the palet t e lis t box in the Schemat ic window toolbar.) The Filter DG

All N etw orks palet t e con ta ins a ll of the filt er Smar tComponen t s. A blue accen t in the

upper-left corn er of a pa lette but ton indicat es th e component is a Sm ar tComponen t.


17/70Using the Filter Design Guide 1-11

Using the Filter Design Guide

This st ep-by-step exam ple will take you th rough t he design, an alysis a nd sensitivity

simu lat ion of a doubly termin at ed lowpass Chebysh ev filter. After completing this

example, you should ha ve a ba sic un derst an ding of the DesignGuide.

Note This exam ple is based on th e assu mption t ha t you ar e fam iliar with t he basic

feat ur es of Advan ced Design Syst em.

Create a New Design

A new schemat ic design is needed to conta in the lowpass component for the following

exercises. Follow th ese simple steps to crea te a new design n am ed Example.

1. Open a new Schem at ic window.

2. Select File > New Design from t he Schem at ic window to crea te a Ana log/RF

Network design nam ed Example.

Open the DesignGuide Control Window

1. Fr om th e DesignGu ide menu on th e ADS Schem at ic window, select Filter.

2. From the Filterwindow, select Filter Control Window and clickOK.

Design and Analyze a Lowpass Filter

A lowpass filter can easily be designed u sing th e defau lt component par am eter

set t ings. Follow th ese simple st eps to design a lowpass filt er.

1. Display the Filter DG - All Networks palette. (Refer to the section,

Sma rt Component Palett e Access on page 1-9.)

2. Insert a LowpassDT component in the schematic. Click LowpassDT componen t,

th en click with in t he schema tic window at th e desired placement locat ion.


18/701-12 Using the Filter Design Guide


3. Edit the LowpassDT component parameters. Select the LowpassDT component by

selecting it in th e SmartComponentdr op-down list box on the cont rol window.

Select th e Filter Assistant ta b. Cha nge th e response type by selecting t he

R esponse Type drop-down menu box. Choose Chebyshev.

4. Design the LowpassDT component. On the Filter Assistant ta b, click t he Design

butt on. This will sta rt th e Filter Assistant an d genera te t he design for th e

SmartComponent.

5. Examine the LowpassDT filter design. Select the component LowpassDT and click

the Push Into Hierarchy but ton on t he schema tic toolbar. After examining t he

design, pop out of th e Sma rt Componen t by clicking the Pop Out of Hierarchy

toolbar bu tt on.

6. Analyze (simulate) the lowpass filter. Select th e Simulation Assistant ta b page onth e cont rol window an d click t he Simulate button (accept default

frequen cy/display specificat ions). This will sta rt th e Simu lation Assista nt an d

an alyze th e Sma rtComponent . The ana lysis results ar e shown h ere.

Lowpass DT

Push Into Hierarchy

Pop Out of Hierarchy



7. Close the lowpass filter analysis results window. Close t he display window by

choosing File > Close Window from t he menu .

Analyze Yield of the Lowpass Filter

After th e design pr ocess, the componen t sen sitivities of th e lowpass filter n etworkcan easily be checked using t he Yield Assistant.

1. Find components to analyze. Select th e Yield Assistant ta b page on t he cont rol

window. Choose the View Components button t hat lies beneath the Statistical

Components list box, an d th en th e Modify Statistics/Optimization butt on. The

ma tching network will be displayed in th e schem at ic along with th e following

dia log box.




2. Choose components. Select Enabled under Statistics Status and th en press the

Next but ton to move on t o th e next component . Repeat t his un til all th ree

component s in th e network ar e enabled, an d th en choose Done.3. Analyze yield sensitivity of the network. In the Yield Assistant tab, click

Automatically Set Frequencies > Simulate. Th is will s ta r t t h e Yield Assis tan t an d

an alyze t he yield sensitivity t o the selected component values. The sen sitivity

hist ogram for componen t C1 is shown h ere. You m ay select oth er pa ges in th e

display un der th e Page men u on the display window.



4. Close the filter yield analysis results window. Close the display window. Select File

> Close Window from t he menu .

5. Delete the LCLowpassDT SmartComponent. Select Tools > Delete

SmartComponent from the DesignGuide cont rol window men u.

Note This is differen t from t he Delete but ton on t he ADS schem at ic windowtoolbar.


23/70Overview 2-1

Chapter 2: Using SmartComponentsThis cha pter describes how to use Sma rt Component s t o design your filter.

OverviewThis DesignGu ide provides a la rge nu mber of pass ive Sma rt Component s su ch a s

doubly terminated filters, singly termina ted filters a nd bandpass tr an sformer s.

SmartComponents are smart sub-network designs th at can be placed int o a

schem at ic an d provide the cont ainer for specificat ion pa ra met ers a nd a schem at ic

repr esent at ion of th e design. Several au tomat ed-ass istant s ena ble you t o easily

design, simu late (an alyze) an d check sensitivities of th e Sma rt Component s.

Smar tComponents can be placed, copied , edited and dele ted like other components in

th e Advan ced Design System. The ba sics of placement, copying, editing an d deletingar e described here.

There a re two met hods to display the desired Smar tComponen t pa lette.

Open the Filter DesignGuide cont rol window by select ing DesignGuide > Filter >

Filter Control Window. Display the desired SmartComponent palet te by select ing

the Component Palette but ton from the cont rol window toolbar or by select ing

View > Component Palette - All from t he cont rol window men u.

Select th e desired Smar tComponent pa lett e from th e Component Pa lett edrop-down list box in the Schematic window toolbar (direct ly above the palet te

Placing SmartComponents

To place a Sma rt Component :

1. Click on t he desired component bu tt on in th e Smar tComponen t pa lette.

2. Click within t he Schemat ic window at th e locat ion you wan t t he

SmartComponent placed.

3. You m ay cha nge th e orient at ion of th e Sma rt Component before placement by

select ing from the Insert > Component > Component Orientation commands or by

repeat edly selecting Rotate by -90 from t he s chem atic toolbar.

4. The place componen t m ode will rema in active un til you choose End Command

from t he s chem atic toolbar.


24/702-2 Copying SmartComponents

Using SmartComponents

The a vailable componen t pa lett es is as follows:

All cont ains all of th e Sma rt Component s.

Note When a Smar tComponen t is in it ia lly p laced , a temporary componen t is used to

initially place an d specify th e par am eters for t he Sm ar tComponen t. This componentdoes notcont ain a subn etwork design. After t he Design Assista nt ha s been used to

design the Smar tComponent , the temporary component is replaced with a permanen

component . The Smart Component is rena med to DA_ComponentName_DesignNam

an d an au togenera ted design is placed inside th e Smar tComponen ts subn etwork

design file. Subsequen tly, if th e Sma rt Component par am eters ar e edited, th e Design

Assista nt will need to be used again t o upda te t he su bnetwork design file.

Copying SmartComponents

Sma rt Component s can be copied within a design, to an oth er design, or t o an oth er

Schematic window.

Copying Within A Design

1. Click t he Sm ar tComponen t t o be copied.

2. Select Edit > Copy and then Edit > Paste from t he schema tic window.

3. Click wh ere you want th e copy placed.

Copying Between Designs or Schematic Windows

1. Click t he Sm ar tComponen t t o be copied.

2. Select Edit > Copy from th e Schemat ic window.

3 . Display the design or schemat ic window you want to copy the Smar tComponentto.

4. Select Edit > Paste to copy th e Sma rt Component to th e design.

5. Click wher e you wan t t he component placed.


25/70Editing SmartComponents 2-3

Note All copied SmartComponents will init ially refer to the same SmartComponen

design. When th e Design Assista nt is used t o perform a design opera tion, it will

tr an sform each copied Sma rt Component in to a un ique Smar tComponen t design. A

design opera tion is accomplished by laun ching t he Design Assista nt from t he

DesignGuide Control Window.

Editing SmartComponents

A Sma rt Component s position, orient at ion, an d pa ra met ers can be edited like an y

oth er componen t in ADS.

Position and Orientation

A Smar tComponent is moved by dragging it to any locat ion in the Schemat ic window

It s orient a tion is changed by following these st eps.

1. Select Edit > Advanced Rotate/Mirror > Rotate from t he Schem at ic window or

select Rotate Items from th e t oolbar.

2. Click on t he desired Smar tComponent .

3. Rota te th e component .

4. The rota te mode will r emain act ive un t il you select the End Com m andfrom the

toolbar.

Parameters

Para meters ar e cha nged by clicking on a Smar tComponent par amet er in t he

Schem atic window and ed iting it or by double-clicking a componen t a nd ed iting the

par am eters in th e component dialog box. Par am eters ma y also be cha nged directly

from th e DesignGu ide cont rol window.

Deleting SmartComponents

Sma rt Component s can be deleted from a design like oth er component s, but

completely rem oving a Sma rt Componen ts files requires t he a ctions described here.


26/702-4 Design, Analysis, and Yield


Delete From Current Design

A Sma rt Component can be deleted from a design by selecting t he component an d

pressing the Delete key, selecting Delete from the toolbar, or by select ing Edit > Delete

from the schematic window. However, this does not remove the SmartComponent file

from the project directory.

Delete From Current Project

To delete a Smar tComponen t a nd all as sociat ed files from your project, follow th ese

steps.

1. Fr om t he DesignGu ide cont rol window or cont rol toolbar, select t he Delete

SmartComponent button.

2. Click on t he Sma rt Component you wan t deleted. This will delete th eSma rt Component from t he curr ent design a nd r emove all of its files from your

project.

3. The Sma rt Component delete m ode will rem ain a ctive unt il you select t he End

Commandfrom t he s chem atic toolbar.

Delete Manually Using File System

You may use your computer s file system to delete a Smar tComponent by dele t ing the

appr opriat e files in th e network su bdirectory of a p roject. Delete files tha t s ta rt with

DA_, S A_ and S EN_, cont ain t he Sma rt Component title, an d end with .ael or .dsn .

Design, Analysis, and Yield

The DesignGuide cont ains several au toma ted a ssistant s t ha t provide au toma tic

design, analysis , and sensit ivity simulat ion for the SmartComponents. The following

assistan ts a re available.

Filter (Design) Assistant. Th e F ilt er Assis tan t is u sed t o gen er a t e an d u pd at e t h e

design cont ained within a Filter Sma rt Component . It invokes a synt hesis

engine th at generat es a design from t he given specificat ion. Refer t o Filter

Assista nt on page 3-1 for more inform at ion.

Simulation (Analysis) Assistant. The Simula t ion Assis tan t is used to ana lyze the

design cont ained with in a Sm ar tComponen t. It creat es a simu lation circuit

cont aining th e Smar tComponen t, then p erform s a simula tion. It can also


27/70Stand-Alone SmartComponent Usage 2-5

au tomat ically display th e resu lts of th e simula tion. Refer t o Simulation

Assista nt on page 3-4 for more inform at ion.

Yield Assistant. The Yield Assista nt is used to an alyze th e sens itivity of the

network conta ined with in a Smar tComponent . I t crea tes a yield analysis circui

cont aining th e Smar tComponen t, th en perform s a simu lation. Refer to the

chapter Yield Assist an t on page 3-6 for m ore in form ation.

Display Assistant. The Display Assista nt is used to quickly display th e

per formance of a Smar tComponent . Display templates have been created for a l

of th e Sma rt Component s. The display templat es ar e preconfigur ed displays

th a t pr ovide a compreh ens ive look a t t he componen ts per form ance. Refer t o

Display Assist an t on pa ge 3-11 for m ore in form ation.

Stand-Alone SmartComponent UsageOnce Sma rt Component s a re designed a nd t ested, they can be used as sta nd-alone

componen t s. The F ilt er Des ignGuide is not needed to use them in new des igns un less

you wish to modify or a na lyze th em.

Using an Existing SmartComponent Within the Same Project

1. Open t he Component Libra ry window by selecting Insert > Component >

Component Library from t he Schem at ic window or Display Component Library

List from th e t oolbar.

2. Select the project name under All > Sub-networks in t he Libr ar ies list a t t he left

of the Componen t Libra ry window. Available componen ts will be listed in th e

Component s list a t th e right of the Componen t Libra ry window.

3. Select th e desired Sma rt Component in th e Component s list.

4. Place the desired Sm ar tComponen t int o your design by clicking in th e

Schem atic window at t he locat ion you wish it placed.

5. The inser t m ode will rem ain active un til you select End Command from th e

toolbar.

Using an Existing SmartComponent in Any Project

A libra ry of predesigned reu sable Sma rt Component s can be easily crea ted. This is

done by placing t he r eusa ble Smar tComponen ts in a project. This pr oject can be


28/702-6 Stand-Alone SmartComponent Usage


included in a ny pr oject an d its Sm ar tComponen ts will be accessed using t he

Componen t Libra ry. Follow th ese st eps.

1. Select File > Include/Remove Projects from t he ma in ADS window.

2. Select t he project t ha t cont ains t he desired Smar tComponen t from th e File

Browser a t th e left of th e Includ e & Rem ove window.

3. Choose the Include but ton t o include t he pr oject in t he h ierar chy.

4. Chose the OK button.

5. Open t he Component Libra ry window by selecting Insert > Component >

Component Library from t he Schem at ic window or Display Component Library

List from th e t oolbar.

6. Select t he included project n am e under All > Sub-networks in th e Libra ries list

at th e left of th e Componen t Libra ry window.

7. Available component s will be listed in t he Componen ts list at th e right of th e

Componen t Libra ry window.

8. Select th e desired Sma rt Component in th e Component s list.

9. Place the desired Sm ar tComponen t int o your design by clicking in th e

Schem atic window at t he locat ion you wish it placed.

10. The inser t m ode will rem ain active un til you select End Command from th e

toolbar.


29/70Filter Assistant 3-1

Chapter 3: Using Automated AssistantsThis cha pter describes th e four Aut oma ted Assista nt s used t o design, simulat e,

optimize, an alyze, an d tr an sform Sma rt Component s.

Filter Assistant

The Filter Assistant is used to generat e an d upda te t he design cont ained with in a

single Sma rt Component from t he given specificat ions. The F ilter Assista nt is

accessed using the Filter DesignGuide control window. From the control window, ful

design cont rol is ena bled from t he Filter Assistant ta b. Component design opera tions

can also be accomplished using the cont rol window menu and toolbar. Any parameter

cha nge made from th e Filter Assistant ta b is reflected on t he Sma rt Component in th e

schematic.

To view a Sm ar tComponen t, select t he desired Sma rt Component from th e

SmartComponentdrop-down lis t box in the upper r igh t corner of the con t rol window

The Smar tComponent par am eters ar e shown inside the Filter Assistant tab.


30/703-2 Filter Assistant

Using Automated Assistants

Impedances

Source - source termina t ion impedance(Rg), in Ohms. Th is va lue must be a rea

nu mber great er tha n zero.

Load- load ter mina tion impedan ce(Rl), in Ohms. This value m ust be a r eal

nu mber great er tha n zero.

First Component- E it h er pa r allel or ser ies. Refer s t o t h e fir st com pon en t in t h e

net work topology aft er designing. Para llel will design for min ima l indu ctor

values in t he n etwork . Series will design for m inimal capacitor values in th e

network.

Order

The filter order is automat ica lly calcula ted depending upon the parameters specifiedfor a ll th e response types except Bessel-Thomson an d Gau ssian . For th ese two

responses a filter order mu st be input m an ua lly using the Order (N ) text box.

Design Information

Design Inform at ion is n ot edita ble, but ra th er sh ows inform at ion a bout th e filter.

Order - is the filter order.

Minimum In sertion Loss - shows the minimu m insertion loss due to un equalter mina tions. The insert ion loss is zero if ter mina tions ar e ma tched.

Response Type

There a re six filter response types th at can be used for designing: Maximally Flat

(But ter wort h), Chebyshev, E llipt ical, In verse-Chebyshev, Bessel-Thomson, a nd

Gauss ian . A plot of the filt er r esponse is show below the R esponse Type drop-down lis

box. Pressing t he Redraw but ton will au tomat ically scale an d redra w the r esponse

plot.

Frequency

Frequency set t ings can be changed by either moving the ver t ica l frequency slide bar

on th e response plot or by cha nging th e values in th e frequen cy text boxes. The


31/70Filter Assistant 3-3

frequen cy text box capt ions dynam ically cha nge depending on t he Sm ar tComponen t

being u sed. For a ny lowpass or h ighpa ss n etwork :

Fp - passband corner frequency

Fs - stopband frequency edge

Units - used for both frequencies

For a ny ban dpass of ban dstop network:

Fp1 - lower passban d corn er frequency

Fp2 - upper passband corner frequency

Fs1 - lower st opband frequency edge

Fs2 - upper stopband frequency edge

Units - used for all frequencies

Attenuation

Att enu at ion set tings can be cha nged by either m oving th e horizont al at ten ua tion

slide bars on th e response plot or by cha nging the values in t he a tt enu at ion t ext

boxes.

Ap - passband at tenuat ion, in dB

As - s topband at tenuat ion, in dB

Zoomin g in/out of th e response plot is possible using t he dB / square spin-box.

Realizations

These par am eters t ell th e Filter DesignGuide how man y network s to show after

designing. IfView All is not checked only one network will be synthesized. I f View Al

is checked the n um ber of shown net work s can be specified in th e Max #text box.

Design

The design is accomplished u sing one of the following meth ods.

Push the Design but ton on t he Design Assista nt ta b. The design pr ogress is

indicat ed on t he t ab pa ge.


32/703-4 Simulation Assistant


Push the Design but ton on t he Cont rol Window toolbar.

Select Tools > Auto-Design from th e Cont rol Window men u.

If mu ltiple rea lizat ions for t he filt er n etwork wer e foun d, a dia log box will appea r.

All networks can be viewed us ing the Com ponent Listspin box. Each network will be

viewed in two places:

Dialog Box - shows a text based description of th e cur rent network.

Schema tic Window - shows the a ctu ally drawing of th e cur rent network.

Choosing the Done but ton cau ses t he d ialog box to close. The las t viewed filter

net work will become t he su bnetwork of th e designed Sm ar tComponen t.

Simulation Assistant

The Simula tion Assista nt is used to ana lyze th e design cont ained with in a

Smar tComponent . It creat es a simulation circuit a roun d th e Smar tComponent , then

au tomat ically perform s t he a ppropriat e simula tion. If desired it will also

au tomat ically display th e simu lation r esults.

The Simula tion Assista nt is accessed using th e Filter DesignGu ide control window,

wher e full simu lat ion cont rol is enabled from the Simulation Assistantta b. Basic

simu lat ion can a lso be accomplished us ing th e cont rol window men u a nd t oolbar.


33/70Simulation Assistant 3-5

For al l simulat ion operat ions, the selected SmartComponent is designed if necessary

a simu lation schema tic is crea ted, the simu lation is perform ed, an d th e results a re

displayed. The simu lation frequen cy sweep mu st be specified on th e Simulation

Assistantta b in t he cont rol window as described in det a il below.

Simulation Frequency Sweep

The simula tion frequ ency sweep is specified on t he F ilter DesignGuide cont rol

window. While perform ing t he simu lat ion from t he cont rol window, select th e

Simulation Assistantta b an d specify th e sweep by ent ering th e sta rt frequen cy, stop

frequency, and either frequency step size or number of points . The values entered are

stored in th e selected Sm ar tComponen t (as displayed in th e SmartComponent

drop-down list box) and will be recalled each t ime th is Sma rt Componen t is selected .

Automatically Display Results

If t he Autom atically Display R esults box on the control window Simulat ion Assistant

ta b is selected, t he s imulat ion resu lts will be au tomat ically displayed upon

completion of the an alysis.


34/703-6 Yield Assistant


Starting the Simulation

The s imu lat ion m ay a ccomplish ed u sing one of th e following met hods.

Ch oose t h e Simulate butt on on t he Simulation Assistanttab.

Ch oose t h e Simulate but ton on t he cont rol window toolbar. Select Tools > Auto-Simulate from th e cont rol window men u.

Simulation Templates

In some cases, it m ight be useful to man ua lly simu late t he Sm ar tComponen t. To

genera te a simulation schema tic ar oun d t he selected Sma rt Component , press th e

Create Tem plate but ton on th e cont rol window Simulation Assistanttab. You can

examine or m odify the simula tion schema tic, th en ma nu ally sta rt th e simu lation by

selecting Simulate > Simulate from the Schem at ic window. When you a re fin ished,

pressing th e Update from Template butt on on the Simulation Assistantta b will

tr an sfer a ny cha nges you have ma de to the Sma rt Component on th e simulation

schema tic to th e origina l Smart Componen t a nd r edesign if necessa ry. You m ay also

ma nu ally close th e simulat ion s chem at ic using File > Close Design from th e

Schem at ic window menu , alth ough th is will result in loss of an y cha nges you ha ve

ma de to th e Smart Component .

Yield AssistantThe Yield Assista nt is used t o ana lyze the design sen sitivities cont ained with in a

SmartComponent . I t creates a yield analysis circuit containing the SmartComponent

th en p erform s a simula tion. By sweeping t he component values for a selected set of

component s in t he n etwork, t his a na lysis generat es a probability dens ity fun ction of

the performance given stat ist ical var iat ions of the component values. The probability

th at th e perform an ce will rem ain with in th e specified boun ds is th e yield of th e

network.

The Yield Assista nt is accessed us ing th e Filter DesignGu ide cont rol window, wher efull cont rol is en abled from t he Yield A ssistan tta b. Bas ic yield an alysis can also be

accomplished using the cont rol window menu an d toolbar.


35/70Yield Assistant 3-7

The selected Sm ar tComponen t mu st be designed before yield ana lysis can be

performed. The analysis proceeds by stat ist ical ly sweeping the value of each selected

component an d an alyzing th e impact of th is component value varia tion on t he

frequ ency response of th e network .

Simulation Frequency Sweep

The simula tion frequ ency sweep is specified on t he Yield A ssistan tta b of th e Filter

DesignGuide cont rol window. Fr om t his t ab, specify the sweep by enter ing th e sta rt

frequ ency, stop frequ ency, an d eith er frequency step s ize or nu mber of point s. The

values ent ered ar e stored in th e selected Sma rt Component (as displayed in t he

SmartComponentdrop-down list box) an d will be recalled each t ime t his

Sma rt Component is selected.

Statistical Components

The S tatistical Com ponents list-box displays all componen ts t ha t will be sta tist ica lly

varied during simulat ion.

Pushing View Components will bring up a dialog box th at shows th e yield sta tu s of

th e component s in t he net work .


36/703-8 Yield Assistant


Pressing Modify Statistics/Optimization brings up th e dialog sh own below to simplify

th e process of selectin g componen ts. The filt er n etwork will also be shown in t he

schem at ic with th e cur ren tly selected component highlighted.

To sweep this component value stat ist ically during the analysis , select Enabled in t he

S tatistics Statu s box. You can t hen specify the pa ra met ers of th e sta tist ical sweep.

Once you ha ve specified a ll para met ers for a component , pressing Next proceeds t o

th e next component in th e net work . The an alysis allows for a ma ximu m of 4

componen ts to be selected a t one t ime. Once you h ave finish ed specificat ion, pr ess

Done.

ClickView Statistical Components t o view a summary of the s tat is t ica l pa rameter s for

each selected component. ClickModify Statistics/Optimization to open t he Modify

Component Parameters dialog from t his su mm ar y dialog to facilita t e editing of th e

sta tistical sweep pa ra meters.

The # S imu lations par am eter specifies the nu mber of Mont e Car lo simula tions t ha t

will be used to estimat e th e sta tistical behavior of th e net work . Increa sing th e

number of s imula t ions will increase the sta t is t ica l sample s ize and therefore provide

a bet t er es t imate of the per formance a t the expense of increased computa t iona l t ime


37/70Yield Assistant 3-9

Yield Optimization

The n etwork component values can a lso be optimized so th at th e perform an ce is less

sensitive to componen t va lue var iat ions. This can be accomplished by select ing th e

Yield Optim ization check box. The simulat ion will use the ADS engine to opt imize the

selected componen t va lues.Specifying an appropriate set ofYield/ Optim ization Goals is a critical step in

ensu ring t his optimizat ion yields accepta ble results. The # Iterations parameter

ava ilable for Yield Opt imizat ion specifies the ma ximum nu mber of opt imizat ion

itera tions t ha t t he simula tion will perform t o tr y to find t he appr opriat e network

component values.

Yield/Optimization Goals

Yield an d Yield Optim ization simu lat ions r equir e th a t a s et of perform an ce (yield)

goals be specified for t he n etwork . The yield is defined a s t he pr obability th at th e

net work frequ ency response will sat isfy these perform ance specificat ions given th e

sta tist ical pr opert ies of the individual component s.

Yield simu lations u se th ese goals t o determ ine th e percent age of net work s t ha t will

sa tisfy th e specifica tions given t olerances of th e componen ts. Yield Optimiza tion

simula tions u se th e goals in determ ining suitable component values th at ma ximize

th e yield.

Ea ch component ha s a defau lt set of goals depen ding on th e type of response

(lowpass, bandpass, etc.). You can modify these goa ls, including a dding or deleting

goals, by pres sing th e Set Yield Spec/Goals butt on on t he Yield Assistan tta b which

will bring up the following dia log.

Ea ch goal specifies th e desired insert ion loss per form an ce of the n etwork in dB a nd

can repr esent a specificat ion t ha t t he value st ay above or below th e sta ted level. The

specificat ion can be at a s ingle point , or over a given frequ ency band . New goals can


38/703-10 Yield Templates


be added using the Add Goal but ton. Individual goals can be deleted using th e Del

but ton t o the r ight of the goal, or all of the goals can be deleted using t he Delete All

Goals but ton. The goals can be reset t o th eir defau lt values using th e Default button.

A goal will be used in the a na lysis only if th e Active box at th e left of the goa l line is

checked.

Automatically Display Results

If t he Aut om atically Display R esults box on the cont rol window Yield A ssistan tt ab is

selected , th e simulat ion r esu lts will be au toma tically displayed upon completion of

th e an alysis.

Starting the Simulation

The yield an alysis may a ccomplished u sing one of th e following met hods.

Push the Simulate butt on on the Yield Assistan ttab.

Push the Simulate Yield but ton on t he cont rol window toolbar.

Select Tools > Auto-Simulate Yield from t he cont rol window menu .

Yield Results

For each componen t (up to a ma ximum of 4) chosen for yield a na lysis, a yieldsensitivity hist ogram will be displayed. The yield definit ion can be cha nged on th e

fir s t page of the d isplay by set t ing passband frequencies Fp_1 and Fp_2 as well as the

ma ximu m inser tion loss at th ese frequen cies, and st opban d frequen cies Fs_1 an d

Fs_2 as well as th e minimu m inser tion loss at th ese frequen cies. Oth er pages in t he

display sh ow th e overa ll sta tist ics of th e yield as well as t he frequ ency response for

each of th e Mont e Car lo simu lat ions.

Yield TemplatesIn some cases, it m ight be useful to man ua lly simu late t he Sm ar tComponen t. To

genera te a simulation schema tic ar oun d t he selected Sma rt Component , press th e

Create Template but ton on the cont rol window Yield Assistan ttab. You can examine or

modify the simula tion schema tic, th en ma nu ally sta rt th e simulat ion by selecting

Simulate > Simulate from the Schemat ic window. When you are fin ished , p ressing the

Close Template butt on on the Yield A ssistantta b will ret ur n you t o th e origina l


39/70Display Assistant 3-11

design. You m ay also man ua lly close th e simulat ion schem at ic us ing File > Close

Design from t he Schema tic window men u.

Display Assistant

The Display Assist an t is used to easily and qu ickly display th e perform ance of a

Smar tComponent . The display templates are preconfigured display files that provide

a compreh ens ive look a t th e per form ance of th e componen t . You can crea te your own

displays or modify th e included display templat es usin g th e built in feat ur es of

Advanced Design System, but in most s itua t ions, the included display templates wil

provide all th e inform at ion you n eed.

The Display Assist an t is a ccessed u sing th e Filter DesignGu ide cont rol window,

wher e full display cont rol is enabled from t he Display Assistan tta b. Bas ic display

selection can a lso be accomplished u sing the cont rol window men u a nd toolbar.

Display Template Features

The display tem plates opened by th e Display Assista nt ha ve comm on featu res t ha t

ar e discussed her e. For featu res u nique t o th e display tem plates of some

Sma rt Component s, refer t o th e cha pter Cha pter 4, Smar tComponen t Reference.


40/703-12 Display Assistant


Basic Layout

Following is th e bas ic layout of th e display t empla tes. Area one of th e display

template cont ains a graph of th e most import an t pa ra meters of th e

Sma rt Component . Area two cont ains severa l graph s t ha t give a compr ehensive look

at th e component s perform an ce. Area th ree cont ains a ta ble listing t he ba sicspecificat ions a nd perform ance of th e componen t .

Typical Area One Graph

A typical graph from a rea one of a d isplay tem plat e follows. The frequ ency range of

th e graph is determin ed by th e Simulat ion Assista nt . As you chan ge th e frequen cy

range in the Simulat ion Assis tant , th is graph will update appropr ia te ly. The markers

A an d B ar e u sed t o defin e t h e fr equ en cy r ange of t h e gr aph s in a r ea t wo. Th is fea t ur e

is used t o zero in on th e region of inter est a nd obta in a compr ehens ive look a t t he

componen ts per form an ce. The m ar ker M1 can be moved by dragging it with th emouse. The per form an ce at th e frequ ency given by M1 will be shown in t he t able in

area th ree.

1.

2.

3.


41/70Display Assistant 3-13

Typical Area Two Graphs

Typical grap hs from a rea 2 of a display tem plate a re sh own h ere. These gra phs

provide a quick, compreh ens ive look a t th e componen ts per form ance. Their

frequency range is determined by the locat ion of the A and B markers found in the

ma in graph . Any ma rk ers su ch a s M2 shown h ere can be moved by dragging th emwith t he m ouse. Perform an ce criter ia a t t he m ar ker frequen cy will be displayed in

th e table in area t hree.


42/703-14 Display Assistant


Typical Area Three Templates

A typical t able from a rea th ree of a display tem plate is sh own h ere. The white r ows

show the desired specificat ions an d import an t per form an ce criter ia for t he

component . The gray rows give th e perform an ce criter ia at th e user defined m ar ker

frequ encies. The box below th e ta ble provides explana tory inform at ion for t he t able.

Display Assistant Operation

Before u sing th e Display Assista nt , a valid dat aset from a simulat ion of th e selected

Sma rt Component mu st exist in th e cur ren t pr oject da ta directory. This simula tion

can be convenient ly accomplished u sing th e Simula tion Assista nt . Refer t o the

Simulat ion Assista nt cha pter for det ails on t his step.

Opening a Display

To display resu lts from a Sma rt Component simula tion using th e cont rol window,

select the desired Smar tComponent from the SmartComponentdrop-down list box in

th e up per r ight corn er of th e cont rol window. The display is th en laun ched u sing one

of the following m ethods.


43/70Transformation Assistant 3-15

Ch oose t h e Display butt on on t he Display Assistant tab.

Ch oose t h e Display but ton on th e cont rol window toolbar.

Select Tools > Auto-Display from t he cont rol window menu .

I f no valid datase t exis t s for the selected Smar tComponent , the Display bu t ton on t h e

Display Assistant ta b will be insen sitive. If th e toolbar or men u a re u sed to try t o

display the resu lts, a messa ge will appea r indicat ing th at no data set exists.

Display Templates

In some cases, it might be useful to use one of th e display tem plat es provided with

th e DesignGuide for oth er a pplicat ions. To gain a ccess t o one of th ese t empla tes,

select t he desired templat e from th e Available Templates field and press th e Open

Display Template but ton on t he cont rol window Display Assistan tta b. You can th eninsert a dat aset of your choice using t he da ta set p ull-down list box in th e upper left

cor n er of t h e display. You m ay fin d t h at som e pa r am et er s in t h e display t em pla t e a r e

not defined in th e selected da ta set a nd m ay want to make appropriat e modificat ions

to the display. These cha nges can be saved using th e comm an ds in t he display File

menu.

Transformation Assistant

Once a F ilter DesignGuide Smar tComponen t h as been designed, the lum pedinductors a nd capacitors can be tra nsform ed into equivalent distr ibut ed element

counterpar ts us ing the Transformat ion Assis tant . This fea ture enables you to quickly

an d ea sily tr an sform an ideal filter topology to a form th at is rea lizable for

high-frequency systems.

Accessing the Transformation Assistant

The Transformation Assistantdia log box is accessed from the Filter DesignGu ide

control window, either by selecting Tools > Distributed Element Transformations fromth e cont rol window men u or from t he Toolbar.


44/703-16 Transformation Assistant


When t he Tran sforma tion Assistant is opened, the Sm ar tComponent subnetwork

appear s in the schemat ic window and a d ia log box is opened . The t r ansformat ions are

th en a ccomplish ed usin g the cont rols on t he dia log.

Selecting a Transformation Type

The t ype of tr ans form at ion t o be applied is selected from th ree options :

LC to TL ine - Transform s lum ped inductors an d capacitors t o ideal

tra nsmission line elements. Eight different inductor/capacitor combinat ions can

be tr an sform ed to different series lines, series stubs, or shu nt stu bs.

T Lin e to TLin e (Kuroda) - Apply Kurodas ident i t ies in order to transform serie

short circuited stu bs to shun t stu bs th at ar e realizable in microstr ip and oth er

print ed t ra nsm ission line technologies.



LC, TL ine to Microstrip - Tra nsform s lumped indu ctors and capa citors as well

as ideal tr an smission line str uctur es to microstrip equivalent component s.

Applicat ion of th is tr an sform ation requ ires a va lid license for t he Pa ssive

Circuit DesignGuide.

Once a t r ansform has been selected , the graph ica l a rea d isplays the componen t s tha

can be tra nsform ed using t he curr ent selection. Black component s repr esent

elemen ts included in th e original circuit a vailable for tr an sform at ion, wh ile gray

component s r epresent elemen ts not included in th e origina l circuit.

Fr om t his graphical a rea , use th e left m ouse bu tt on t o select one of th e available

component types. The graph ical a rea will cha nge t o reveal t he different distribut ed

elemen t equivalent s available for subst itut ion. The example below shows th e

tr an sform at ions a vailable when a series inductor circuit ha s been selected.




Fr om t his point , the t ype of equivalent net work can be selected u sing th e left mouse

but ton from th e available str uctur es at th e right of th e gra phics ar ea. A box

highlights the cur rent ly selected st ructure. Text a t the bot tom of the window changes

as different select ions are made, provid ing help for the par t icular t ransform selected

Component Selection

Once the type of circuit componen t t o be tr ans form ed is selected , the a ctu al circuit

elemen ts t o apply the t ra nsform to can be selected u sing the Com ponent S election

tools. As th e left a nd r ight ar rows within th is ar ea a re pu shed, valid component s

within th e origina l circuit will be highlighted, and th eir inst an ce na mes (i.e. L1, C4)

will a ppea r in t he t ext box on t he Transformation Assistantdia log. The three but tons

ar e used t o select wh ich specific componen ts should be subject t o th e cur ren t

transformation:

Add - Add t he cur ren tly selected component (s) to the tr an sform at ion list.

Add All - Add a ll circuit componen ts of the a ppr opr iat e type to th e

tr an sforma tion list.

Cut - Remove th e cur ren tly selected (highlight ed) item in t he t ra nsform at ion

list from t he list.

Transformation Buttons

The bu tt ons a cross th e bott om of th e dialog box are used t o accomplish th e

tr an sform at ion on t he selected component s.

Transform - Apply the selected t ra nsform to th e component in t he

tr an sforma tion list.

Undo - Un do th e last perform ed tra nsform . This butt on can be used repeat edly

to un do all previous tr an sform at ions.

OK - Accept t he cur ren t t ra ns form ed circuit and close th e dialog box. Once the

tr an sform ed circuit h as been a ccepted, tra nsform at ions cann ot be un done.

Cancel - Close th e dialog box and r evert t o th e origina l, un tr an sform ed circuit.

Changing Component Type

Once all tra nsform at ions ha ve been ma de on a specific component type (such a s

series inductor), perform ing a left m ouse click on t he r ed ret ur n ar row in th e upper



left ha nd corn er of th e graphic area (or perform ing a right mouse click a nywhere on

th e graph ic ar ea) can be used to retu rn to the m ain component selection pa ge.

Another component type can th en be selected, an d th e tr an sform at ion st eps can be

repeat ed for th is new selection.

Transmission Line Types

There a re five basic tr an smission line element s th at can be produced using th e

Tra nsform at ion Assista nt . These ar e identified as follows:

.

Additional Transformation Functions

Unit Element

For certa in tr an sform at ions, eith er t he electr ical length or char acteristic impeda nce

of th e resu lting tr an smission line mu st be specified by th e user. If th e Unit Element

box is checked, th e resu lting t ra nsmiss ion line will ha ve an electrical lengt h of 45

degrees an d t he char acteristic impeda nce will be compu ted a ppropriately. If th e Unit

Element box is u nchecked, th en t he Characteristic Impedance (Z0) box will become

active an d th e compu ta tion will use t his cha ra cter istic impedan ce to compu te t he

appropriat e length .

Series Transmission Line

Series Short Circuit Stub

Series Open Circuit Stub

Parallel Short Circuit Stub

Parallel Short Circuit Stub




Characteristic Impedance

The Characteristic Impedance (Z0) box is used to specify the desired tr an smission line

cha ra cter istic impedan ce for certa in tr an sform at ions. In cases where either th e

electr ica l lengt h or the cha ra cter istic impeda nce can be specified, th is box work s in

conjun ction with th e Un it E lement box as discussed above. In certa in oth er cases,this Characteristic Impedance (Z0) box is u sed a lone. For example, when a dding lines

to th e front or en d of a net work as par t of Kur odas ident ities, the cha ra cter istic

impedan ce of the t ra nsform at ion can be specified u sing th is box.

Add Transmission Lines

As pa rt of th e TL ine to T Line tr an sform at ion, un it element (45 degree electr ical

length) tra nsm ission lines can be added t o th e front or end of th e net work . The

character ist ic impedance of these lines is specified using the Characteristic Impedance

(Z0) box. Such lines can be a dded as needed dur ing th e tr an sform at ion pr ocess.

Note Addition of these lines will cha nge t he ph ase response and, if th e

cha ra cter istic impedan ce is not equal to th e network ter mina l impedance, th e

ma gnitude r esponse of th e network .

Microstrip SubstrateWhen per form ing LC, T Lin e to ML ine tr an sform at ions, the microstrip su bstra te

thickness (h) and relat ive permit t ivity (Er) must be specified. All microstr ip elements

within a design m ust share t he same substrat e param eters. The substrate

para meters u sed in t he final design will be the values tha t a ppear in t he boxes after

th e final tr an sforma tion st ep.

TLine to TLine Transforms (Kuroda Identities)

The TLine to TLine t ra nsform s a re t ypically used to tr an sform series short-circuitedstu bs to par allel open circuited st ubs in prepa ra tion for implement at ion in plan ar

tr an sm ission line t echn ologies. These opera tions, however, only work on Un it

Elem ent lines with electr ical lengths of 45 degrees. Ther efore, when perform ing

lumped t o ideal distr ibuted tr an sform at ions, it is necessa ry to perform subst itut ions

th at conform to th is Unit E lement specificat ion. Pr eferr ed stu bs (highlighted in blue

on the graph ica l a rea ) as well as ser ies t r ansmission lines (t r ansformed with the Uni

Element box checked) will be able to be tr ans form ed in t his way. When adding



tr an smission line element s before or a fter th e net work, t he electr ical length will be

45 degrees a nd only th e cha ra cter istic impedan ce mu st be specified.

Microstrip Transforms

Note This set of t ransforms is only available if a valid license for the Pass ive Circui

DesignGuide exists.

The LC, T Lin e to ML ine t ransformations form a somewhat unique class of operat ions

This set of tr an sform at ions ta kes lum ped inductor/capa citor combina tions as well as

ideal series tra nsm ission lines an d shu nt tr an smission line stubs (obta ined from th e

LC to TL ine tr an sform at ions), an d convert s th em t o microstrip. Note t ha t ser ies

stu bs can not be used in th is tra nsform at ion since they can not be realized in

microstrip.

In addit ion to the standard t ransmission line topologies , cer ta in lumped elements can

be replaced with Sma rt Component s from t he Pa ssive Circuit DesignGuide. The

available Smar tComponen ts ar e a s follows:

When m ak ing such su bstitu tions, th e design capa bilities of th e Pass ive Circuit

DesignGuide a re u sed t o rea lize th e topologies. In t his case, however, the design

procedur e is appr oxima te, an d some tu ning of th e elemen ts ma y be required before

Interdigital Capacitor (can be in series or parallel)

Series Microstrip Thin Film Capacitor

Rectangular Spiral Inductor (can be in series or parall

Spiral Inductor (can be in series or parallel)

Parallel Radial Stub

Parallel Butterfly Radial Stub




th e su bst itu ted device will offer th e corr ect per form an ce. In such cases, following

completion of th e tr an sform at ion, push into the Sm ar tComponen t on th e schem at ic

window and open t he Pas sive Circuit DesignGuide cont rol window. The Simu lat ion

an d Optimization Assista nt s in th e Passive Circuit DesignGu ide Sma rt Component

can th en be u sed t o quickly an d efficiently tu ne t he per form an ce of each individua l

element.


51/70SmartComponent List 4-1

Chapter 4: SmartComponent ReferenceThis cha pter provides detailed inform at ion for a ll filter Sm ar tComponen ts.

SmartComponent ListLCLowpassDT (Doubly Terminated Lowpass Filter)

LCHighpa ssDT (Doubly Term inat ed Highpass F ilter )

LCBandpa ssDT (Doubly Term inat ed Bandpa ss Filter)

LCBandst opDT (Doubly Term inat ed Ban dstop Filter)

LCLowpassST (Singly Terminated Lowpass Filter)

LCHighpa ssST (Singly Term inat ed Highpass Filter)

LCBandpa ssST (Singly Term inat ed Bandpa ss Filter )

LCBandst opST (Singly Term inat ed Ban dstop Filter)


52/704-2 LCLowpassDT (Doubly Terminated Lowpass Filter)

SmartComponent Reference

LCLowpassDT (Doubly Terminated Lowpass Filter)

Symbol

Parameters

Fp = passba nd corn er frequency, in h ert z

Fs = stopband frequen cy, in her tz

Ap = passband at tenu at ion, in dB

As = stopband a tt enu at ion, in dB

N = order of filter, unit less

ResponseType = type of filter r esponse

MinLorC = m ininum inductance or capa citan ce

Rg = sour ce impeda nce, in ohms

Rl = load impeda nce, in ohms

MaxRealizations = ma ximu m n um ber of rea lizations du ring synth esis

Notes

1. A doubly term inat ed lowpass filter provides a lowpass frequen cy response

between th e input (pin 1) an d out put (pin 2) port s. This component can ha ve

an y real, non-zero impeda nce at eith er t he source or load ter mina tions.

2. The type of frequ ency response (i.e. Chebyshev, Elliptical, et c.) depen ds on t he

par am eter ResponseType. The tr an sition ba nds of th e frequen cy response

depend on t he filter order.3. The filter order is either set ma nu ally or is calculated by the pa ssband a nd

stopband frequencies an d a tt enua tions.


53/70LCLowpassDT (Doubly Terminated Lowpass Filter) 4-3

Example

A m axim a lly fla t lowp ass filt er was design ed for 3d B a t ten u at ion a t 1 GH z an d 20d B

at tenu at ion a t 2 GHz with ma tched 50 ohm term inations. This resulted in a filter

order of N=4.


54/704-4 LCHighpassDT (Doubly Terminated Highpass Filter)


LCHighpassDT (Doubly Terminated Highpass Filter)

Symbol

Parameters











Notes

1. A doubly termina ted h ighpa ss filter pr ovides a h ighpa ss frequen cy response





depend on t he filter order.3. The filter order is either set ma nu ally or is calculated by the pa ssband a nd



55/70LCHighpassDT (Doubly Terminated Highpass Filter) 4-5

Example

A chebyshev highpa ss filter was designed for 20dB at ten ua tion a t 1 GH z and 3 dB


order of N=3.


56/704-6 LCBandpassDT (Doubly Terminated Bandpass Filter)


LCBandpassDT (Doubly Terminated Bandpass Filter)

Symbol

Parameters

Fs1 = lower st opband frequ ency, in h ert z

Fp1 = lower pa ssba nd corn er frequen cy, in h ert z

Fp2 = upper pas sban d corn er frequency, in h ert z

Fs2 = u pper st opban d frequen cy, in her tz









Notes

1. A doubly ter mina ted ban dpass filter pr ovides a ban dpass frequency response





depend on t he filter order.

3. The filter order is either set ma nu ally or is calculated by the pa ssband a nd



57/70LCBandpassDT (Doubly Terminated Bandpass Filter) 4-7

Example

An elliptical ban dpass filter was designed for 3dB a tt enu at ion bet ween 1 GHz an d

2 GH z a nd 20 dB a tt en ua tion below .5 GH z a nd a bove 2.5 GH z wit h m at ch ed 50 oh m

load s. This r esu lted in a filter order of N=4.


58/704-8 LCBandstopDT (Doubly Terminated Bandstop Filter)


LCBandstopDT (Doubly Terminated Bandstop Filter)

Symbol

Parameters













Notes

1. A doubly termina ted ban dstop filter provides a ban dstop frequen cy response









59/70LCBandstopDT (Doubly Terminated Bandstop Filter) 4-9

Example

An Inverse-Chebyshev bandst op filter was designed for 20 dB at ten ua tion bet ween

1 GHz an d 2 GHz an d 3 dB at ten ua tion below .5 GHz an d above 2.5 GHz with

ma tched 50 ohm loads. This resu lted in a filter order of N=4.


60/704-10 LCLowpassST (Singly Terminated Lowpass Filter)


LCLowpassST (Singly Terminated Lowpass Filter)

Symbol

Parameters









Term inat ion = open or sh ort load ter mina tion


Notes

1. A singly term inat ed lowpass filter provides a lowpass frequen cy response

between t he inpu t (pin 1) and outp ut (pin 2) port s. This component will have a

rea l, non-zero sour ce term inat ion a nd eith er a n open or short a t t he load

termination.


par am eter ResponseType. The tr an sition ba nds of th e frequen cy responsedepend on t he filter order.




61/70LCLowpassST (Singly Terminated Lowpass Filter) 4-11

Example

A m axim a lly fla t lowpass filt er was des ign ed for 3 dB a t ten u at ion a t 1 GH z an d 20 dB


order of N=4.


62/704-12 LCHighpassST (Singly Terminated Highpass Filter)


LCHighpassST (Singly Terminated Highpass Filter)

Symbol

Parameters











Notes

1. A singly termin at ed highpa ss filter p rovides a highpass frequency response



termination.


par am eter ResponseType. The tr an sition ba nds of th e frequen cy responsedepend on t he filter order.




63/70LCHighpassST (Singly Terminated Highpass Filter) 4-13

Example

A chebyshev highpa ss filter was designed for 20 dB at ten ua tion a t 1 GHz a nd 3 dB


order of N=4.


64/704-14 LCBandpassST (Singly Terminated Bandpass Filter)


LCBandpassST (Singly Terminated Bandpass Filter)

Symbol

Parameters













Notes

1. A singly ter mina ted ban dpass filter pr ovides a band pass frequency response



termination.







65/70LCBandpassST (Singly Terminated Bandpass Filter) 4-15

Example

An elliptical ban dpass filter was designed for 3 dB a tt enu at ion between 1 GH z an d

2 GH z a nd 20 dB a tt en ua tion below .5 GH z a nd a bove 2.5 GH z wit h a 50 oh m sou rce

an d sh ort ed load. This resu lted in a filter order of N=4.


66/704-16 LCBandstopST (Singly Terminated Bandstop Filter)


LCBandstopST (Singly Terminated Bandstop Filter)

Symbol

Parameters













Notes

1. A singly term inat ed bands top filter provides a ban d

filter design guide

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