APPENDIX L CA Department of Food & Agriculture

Noxious Weed List

ST A TE OF CALIFORNIA DEPARTMENT OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE DJVTSTON OF PLANT HEAL TH & PEST PREVENTION SERVICES

IMPORTANT NOTICE January, 20 I 0

All plant ratings are based upon information currently available and are subject to change as new information is developed or new weed species are discovered and evaluated. Species rated "Q" are in accordance with the Pest Rating Advisory No. 3-2009 dated May 13, 2009 ..

The absence of a taxon on this list does not exonerate it as a potential pest plant. Taxa submitted to the Botany Laboratory/Herbarium (CDA) for identification are evaluated and given an A, B or C rating as specified from this list, or are given a Q or H (nursery grown material) rating (based on current evidence of potentially aggressive or invasive behavior). A Z rating is a provisional rating given to weedy taxa that are of low exclusion priority due to their current widespread distribution in California or due to their low likelihood of serious impacts on California agriculture or ecosystems. Cultivated material of extremely low likelihood of weediness and most native taxa are assigned a D rating, signifying that the taxon is deemed innocuous. Taxa assigned a Q or H rating are to be reviewed in a timely manner by the Pest Rating Committee and subsequently given a permanent rating (A, B, C) which will appear on future versions of this list.

NOl'>lENCLA TURAL NOTE:

1 . Current literature sources do not always agree on synonymy and name misapplication. On the following lists every attempt has been made to apply properly both the accepted and synonymized names. However, not all botanical references follow exactly these applications. "The Jepson Manual - Higher Plants of California" (Hickman ed., 1993) is here considered the primary source of accepted names for California. Exceptions occur only where clearly convincing taxonomic or nomenclatural evidence contradicts the established name, or important infonnation is gained by utilizing an alternative treatment. Moreover, the synonymies provided are not meant to be exhaustive, with both these and the accepted names subject to change as new information or evidence becomes available. An * after a taxonomic synonym denotes that this may be the preferred name in the future, but that the currently accepted name is used for convenience.

Most authorship citations follow the Kew Abbreviation (Brummitt, R. K. and C. E. Powell, 1992. "Authors of Plant Names", Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew).

Explanations or taxonomic names immediately below a listed name are provided in technical format in order to communicate precisely and accurately alternative nomenclatural applications. True taxonomic or nomenclatural synonyms are supplied in brackets; later homonyms are referenced by the use of"non" between two alternative taxonomic authorities, with the first being responsible for the name applied in a given instance; misapplied non-synonyms are cited using "auct. non _" between the epithet and taxonomic authority, meaning "in the sense used by other authors not in the sense of _". The former cases (synonymy or homonymy) reference the !axon via a different taxonomic concept, an invalid name, or both. The latter misapplied names remain appropriately applied to a different taxon, although the

validity or appropriate application of those names is not implied and must be assessed independently. The term "nee" indicates a third homonym was available; the term is equivalent to the English "also not" or "nor". The use of"sensu lato" means "in the broad taxonomic sense", while "pro parte" indicates that only a portion of the alternative !axon's variation is referable to the accepted name.

1

I I> ()()

STATE OF CALIFORNIA '

DEPARTMENT OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE DIVISION OF PLANT HEAL TH & PEST PREVENTION SERVICES

PEST RATINGS OF NOXIOUS WEED SPECIES AND NOXIOUS WEED SEED Includes synonymy, misapplications and discussion based on current literature. Type specimens have not been viewed.

RATING

B

A

B

A

A

A

B

B

B

B

A

c

A

B

2

SCIENTIFIC NAME

Acacia paradoxa DC. [A. armata R. Br.]

Acaena a11seri11ifolia (J. R. Forst. & R. Forst.) Druce

Acaena magellanica Yahl

COMMON NAME

kangaroothom

bronze piri-piri-bur

bidi-bidi

Acaena 11ovae-zela11diae Kirk biddy-biddy [A. a11serinifolia auct. non (J.R. Forst. & G. Forst.) Druce pro parte; Acaena sa11g11isorbae s.s. auct. non V ahl.; A. s. var. 11ovae-zela11diae (Kirk) Bitter]

Acaena pallida (Kirk) J.W. Dawson pale biddy-biddy [A. a11seri11ifolia auct. non (J.R. Forst. & G. Forst.) Druce pro parte; A. 11ova-zela11diae Kirk var. pallida Kirk; A. pallida (Kirk) Allan, nomen invalid (later homonym)]

Acl111atheru111 brachychae/11111 (Godr.) Barkworth punagrass [Amelichloa brachychaeta (Godr.) Arriaga & Barkworth*;Stipa brachychaeta Godr.; A. cla11desti1111111 auct. non

(Hack.) Barkworth; Nasse//a brachychaeta (Godr.) Skuth]

Acropti/011 repens (L.) DC. Russian knapweed [Rhapo11tic11111 repens (L.) Hidalgo*; Ce11ta11rea repe11s L.]

Aegilops cyli11drica Host jointed goatgrass [ A. tauschii auct. Non Coss.; Cyli11dropyn1111 cyli11dric11111 (Host) A. Love; Triticum cyli11dric11111 (Host) Ces.; Tritic11111 ca11dat11111 (L.) Godr. & Gren.; Aegilops caudata ssp. cyli11drica L. (Host) Hegi; Aegilops caudata var. cyclindrica L. (Host) Fiori]

Aegilops ovata L. ovate goatgrass [A. geniculata Roth which = A. ovata Nevski non L. nee Roth in Usteri; A. 11eglecta Req. ex Berto I.; Calif. plants referable to A. ge11ic11lata Roth sensu stricto]

Aegilops tri1111cialis L. barb goatgrass

Aeschy110111e11e rudis Benth. rough jointvetch

Aifalllhus altissima (Mill.) Swingle tree-of-heaven [Aifa11th11s gla11d11losa Desf.; Toxicode11dro11 altissimum Miller]

Alhagi maurorum Medik. sensu lato camelthom [A. pseudalhagi (M. Bieb.) Desv. nomen nudum; A. graecorum Boiss.; A. kirghisorum Schrenk; A. turcorum Boiss.; A. came/orum Fisch. ex DC. nomen nudum.]

A Ilium paniculatum L. sensu lato panic led onion [California plants referable to ssp.pa11iculat11111 sensu \V.T. Steam in Flora Europaea V. 5, pp. 60-61. Rating would also apply to sspp.ji1sc11111 (\Valdst. & Kit.) Arcangeli; e11boic11111 (Rcch.f.) Steam, and villosu/11111 (Halacsy) Stearn should referable plants be found in the State.]

B

A

A

B

8

A

B

Q

B

c

B

A

B

B

B

B

A

3

A/lium vineale L. non Sch.-Bip. ex Regel sensu Jato wild garlic [non A. vineale Sch.-Bip. ex Regel. California plants show variations referable lo several intraspccific taxa sometimes recognized in the Old World. The following taxonomic synonyms refer also to at least a portion of A. vineale sensu lato: A. affi11e, Boiss. & Heldr. non Ledeb.; A. assimile Halacsy; A. compac/11111 Thuill., A. rilaense Panov.]

Allemanlhera philoxeroides (Mart.) Griseb. alligatorweed [Bucholzia philoxeroides Mart.; Telanlhera p. (Mart.) Moq. in DC.; Mogiphanes p. (Mart.) Parodi]

Altemanlhera sessilis (L.) R. Br. ex DC. non Lem. ( 1865) sessilejoyweed [Achyra11/hes sessilis (L.)Desf. exstend., Altema111hera achyranthoides Forsk., Allemanlhera glabra Moq., Alternan/hera repens Gmel.,.Go111phre11a sessilis L.; 11/icebrum sessile L.; Allemantheraficoidea (L.) P. Beauv.]

A111brosia trifida L. sensu lato giant ragweed [including material referable to A. /. var. aptera Ktze.; var. heterophylla Ktze; var. inlegrifolia (Muhl. ex Willd.) Torr. & A. Gray; forma inlegrifolia (Muhl. ex Willd.) Fem.; var. 11on11alis Ktze; var.polyploidea Rousseau; var. texana Scheele]

Arazyia sericifera Brot. bladderflower [A. sericofera (orthographic variant, see Forster & Bruyns, 1992, Taxon 41:746-749); sometimes sold as Schubertia albe11s sensu auct. (nomen nudum)]

Arc/olheca cale11d11/a (L.) Levyns capeweed [Arc/o/is cale11dula L.; Cryp/os/emma cale11d11/ace11111 (L.) R.Br.; not A. prostrala (Salis.) Britten=A. cale11d11/a hort.]

Anmdo do11ax L. [A. aegyplia Deli le; A. bambusifolia Hook. f.; A. bifaria Retz.:

Asphodelusfistulosus L. [A. /em1ifolius Cav.]

A triplex a11111icola P. G. Wilson [A. cephalanlha Aellen]

Bacopa 11101111ieri (L.) Pennell [Bra111ia 11101111ieri (L.) Drake; Lysi111achia monnieri L.]

Ber/eroa incana (L.) DC. [Alysswn i11ca1111111 L.]

giant reed

onionweed

river saltbush

water-hyssop

hoary alyssum

Brachypodium sylvatic11111 (Huds.) P. Beauv. slender false- brome [Brevipodi11111 silvaticum (Huds.) A. & D.Love; Fes/uca silvalica Hudson non Villars; Tritic11111 silvaticum Moench non Salisbury; Bro111us silvaticus Pollich]

Cabomba caroli11ia11a A. Gray Carolina fanwort

Cardaria chalepe11s is (L.) Hand.-Mazz. lens-podded hoarycress [Lepidium chalepense L. non Fisch ex DC. nee Ledeb. •]

Cardaria draba (L.) Desv. heart-podded hoarycress [Lepidi1m1 draba L. *; Cochlearia d. (L.) L.; Nast11rli11111 d. (L.) Crantz; Jundzi/lia d. (L.) Andrz.]

Cardaria pubesce11s (C.A. Mey.) Jarmol. globe-podded hoarycress [Lepidiwn appellia1111111 Al-Shehbaz*; Hymenophysa pubescens C.A. Mey.; Cardaria p. (C.A. Mey.) Rollins, nomen invalid, later homonym; Cardaria p. var. elongala Rollins]

Carduus aca11/hoides L. sensu Jato plumeless thistle [non C. acanthoides Gren. & Godr.; non Homem. nee Huds. nee Urv.; C. a. forma albiflora (L.) Gross; C.a. forma 111111/iga111ii B. Boivin; C. a. forma ochra11tl111s Wallr.; C.forlior Klokov; C. campor11111 Boiss.; C. velebiticus Borbas; Carduus 11111rfatlari Nyar. & Prodan; Carduus crispus auct. non L.]

A

A

c

c

B

B

A

c

c

c

B

A

A

c

A

c

A

4

Carduus crispus L. welted thistle

Carduus 1111ta11s L. sensu lato musk thistle [C. leiophy/lus Petrovic; C. 11. var. leiophyllus (Petrovic) auct. (a nomen nudum mistakenly attributed to Arenes); C. 11. subsp. leiophyllus (Petrovic) Stoj. & Stef.; C. thoen11eri Weinm.; C. 11. var. vestitus (Hallier) Boivin; C. 11. var. macrocephalus (Desf.) Boivin; C. 11. ssp. macrocephalus (Dcsf.) Nyman; C. macrocephalus Desf.; C. 11. ssp. macrolepis (Petenn.) Kazmi; C. macrolep is Petenn.; C. 11. var. arme1111s Boiss.; C. 11. var. so11garicus Wink!. ex 0. Fedtsch. & B. Fedtsch.; C . . w11garic11s (Winkl. ex 0. Fedtsch. & B. Fedtsch.) Tamamsch.]

Card1111s pyc11ocepha/11s L. [C. pycnocephalus subsp. alhidus (Bieb.) Kazmi; C. alhidus M.Bieb.; C. p. suhsp. ci11ere11s (Bicb.) P.H. Davis; C. ci11ere11s sensu M.Bieb.]

Italian thistle

Carduus te1111ijlorus Curtis slenderflowcred thistle (C. pyc11ocephal11s L. var. te1111ijlor11s (Curtis) Fiori; C. 111alacita1111s Boiss. & Reul.; C. sardous DC.]

Cart ham us haeticus (Boiss. & Reul.) Nyman smooth distaff thistle [Card1mr haeticus Boiss. & Reul.; Kentrophy/111111 haeticum (Boiss. & Reul) Boiss. & Reul.; Carthamus lanatus ssp. haeticus (Boiss. & Reuter) Nyman]

Carthamus la11at11s L. woolly distaff thistle [C. lanatus ssp. creticus (L.) Holmboc; C. creticus L.]

Carthamus leucocaulos Sibth. & Sm. whitestem distaff thistle

Cenchrus echinatus L. southern sandbur

Cenchrus incertus M.A. Curtis coast sandbur [C. pauciflorus Beath.; C. spi11ifex auct. N. Am. non Cav., C. parviceps Shinn.]

Cenchrus /011gispi1111s (Hackel) Fernald mat sandbur [C. paucijlorus auct. non Benth.; Cenchrus echi11at11s L. fonna /011gispi1111s Hackel]

Ce11ta11rea calcitrapa L.

Centaurea diffusa Lam.

Centaurea iberica Trev. ex Spreng. sensu lato (includes C. i. ssp. holz111a1111ia11a (Boiss.) Dostal]

purple starthistlc

diffuse knapwccd

Iberian starthistle

Centaurea maculosa auet. non Lam. spotted knapweed [The proper scientific name for the fonn of "spotted knapweed" in North America is apparently C. stoebe L. ssp. 111icra11thos (Gugler) Hayek]

Centaurea melite11sis L. localote; Malta starthistle

Ce11ta11rea X mo11ckto11ii C. E. Britton meadow knapweed [C. prate11sis Thuill. Non Salish. nee Homem.; C. debeam:ii Godr. & Gren. var. t/111illeri (Dostal) P.O. Sell]

Ce11ta11rea solstitial is L. filllifil! lato yellow starthistlc [including individuals referable lo C. s. ssp. schomvii (DC.) Dostal; C. s. ssp. erythraca11tha (Halacsy) Dostal.; C. s. ssp. solstitialis sensu Vol. V, Flora Europaea, Heywood ct al. eds. 1976; C. s. ssp. adamii (Willd.) Nyman (this variant possibly not in California). All but the latter variant appear randomly throughout the State.

Ce11ta11rea squarrosa Willd. non Roth squarrose knapweed [C. virgata Lam. var. squarrosa (Willd.) Boiss.; C. v. ssp. squarrosa (Willd.) Gugler non C. squarrosa Roth (Cataleclafasc. ii., p. 118. 1800) (= C. virgata Lam.); C. triumfellii auct. N.Am. non All.]

B

B

A

B

B

B

A

B*

c

c

B

B

c

A

A

B

5

Cen/aurea sulphurea Willd. Sicilian starthistle [C. sicula sensu auct. Ca., non L.]

Cera/op/eris thalictroides (L.) Brogn. watersprite. [Cera/op/eris deltoidea Benedict; Cera/opteris siliquosa (L.) Copeland]

Cho11drillaj1111cea L. skeletonweed [C. intybacea Friv.; C. laciniata Stev.; C. latifolia M. Bieb.; C. /11/ea Dulac; C. rigens Rchb.; C. viminea Bubani; C. virgata J.&C. Pres!.; C. viscosa Gilib.]

Charispora tenel/a (Pall.) DC. [Raphanus tenel/us Pall.]

purple mustard

Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop. Canada thistle [Serra/11/a arvensis L.; Breea arvensis (L.) Less.; Cardzms arvensis (L.) Robson; Cephalonoplos arvensis (L.) Fourr.; Cnicus arvensis (L.) Hoffm.; Cirsium arvense var. setosum Ledeb., and all other proposed infraspecific taxa not listed here.; Ceplzalonoplos setosus (Ledeb.) Kitamura; Cirsium achralepideum Juz.; Ceplzalonoplos ochrolepideum (Juz.) Juz.]

Cirsium japo11ic11m DC. Japanese thistle [C11ic11sjapanic11S (DC.) Maxim.; Cnicusj. var. intermedius Maxim; Cirsi11m laci1111latwn Nakai; Cirsium senile Nakai; Cirsium maackii var. kiusia1111m Nakai; rating includes the following intraspecific taxa: Cirsi11mjaponic11111 var. horrid11111 Nakai; C.j. var. ussuriense (Regel) Kitam.; C.j. var. ibukiense Nakai; C.j. var. vesti/11111 Kitam.; C.j. var. diabalicum (Kitam.) Kitam.

Cirsium ochrocentrum A. Gray yellowspine thistle [Cnicus ochrocen/rus (A. Gray) A. Gray]

Cirsium undulatum (Nutt.) Spreng. wavyleafthistle [Card1111s 1111d11latus Nutt.; includes C. 1111d11lat11m var. albescens D.C. Eat.; C. 11. var. ciliolatum Hend.; C. 11. var. megacephalum (A. Gray) Fern.; C. 11. var. lracyi (Rydb.) Welsh]

* It is a weed in coastal counties where it is not native.

Cirsium vulgare (Savi) Ten. bull thistle [ Carduus lanceolatus L., Cirsi11111 /ancealat11m (L.) Scop. non Hill, Cnicus lancea/a/l/S Willd.]

Co11volv11/11s arvensis L. field bindweed

Coronopus squamatus (Forskall) Asch. swinecress [Lepidium coranapus (L.) Al-Shehbaz*; Lepidium squamalum Forskall; Caro11ap11s procumbens Gilib.; Senebiera caronapus (L.) Poir. Carara coronapus (L.) Medic.; Myagrum coronopus (L.) Crantz; Coronopus coronopus (L.) Karst., nomen invalid (tautonym); Caronapus coronapus (L.) Britt., nomen invalid (tautonym, later homonym)]

Cortaderiajubata (Lemoine ex Carriere) Stapf [Gyneriumjuba/11111 Lemoine ex Carriere]

jubata grass

Cotula mexicana (DC.) Cabrera pygmy brass buttons [Saliva mexicana DC.; Cotula pygmaea (Kunth) Benth. & Hook.f. ex Hems!.; Saliva pygmaea Kunth; Cotula minuta (L. f.) Schinz; Hippia minula L. f.; Gymnostyles mi1111/a (L. f.) Spreng.; Lancisia mb111/a (L. f.) Rydb.; Saliva minula (L. f.) Sweet]

Crupina vulgaris Pers. ex Cass. bearded creeper [C. alpestris Arvet.; C. brachypappa Jord. & Fourr.; C. pauciflora Kar & Kir.; Centaurea crupina L.]

Cucumis melo L. var. dudaim (L.) Naudin dudaim melon [C11c11111is dudaim L.]

Cucwn is myriocarpus Naudin paddy melon

1 ll ()()

A

c

B

B

B

c

B

B

B

c

Q c

B

A

B

B

A

B

6

Cuscuta spp. [non-native] giant dodder

[There currently are 2 introduced Cuscuta spp. in California, C. approximata Bab. and C.japonica Choisy (giant dodder). This rating applies to any non-native species. C. rejlexa should be looked for.]

Cuscuta spp. [native] dodder [There are 14 native Cuscuta spp. in California, of which only C. indecora Choisy and C. pe11tago11a Engelm. consistently parasitize cultivated material.

Cynara card1111c11l11s L. [C. horrida Ait.]

artichoke thistle

Cyperus esc11le11t11s L. yellow nutsedge [Pycreus esc11le11tus (L.) Hayek; Cyperus mela11orhiz11s Dclile, Cyperns a11re11s Ten., non Georgi; includes C. esculentus var. sativus Boeckeler - cultivated fonn with larger, more elongate tubers; C. e. var. heen11a1111ii (Buekl.) Britt.; var. leptostachyus Boeckeler; var. macrostachyus Boecheler]

Cyperus rotundus L. purple nutsedge [PycretLI' rot1111d11s (L.) Hayek]

Cytisus scoparius (L.) bink Scotch broom [Spartium scoparium L.; Ge11ista scoparia (L) Lam., non Viii. scnsu lato; Genis/a scoparia Viii. (invalid); Sarotham1111s scoparius (L.) Wimmer & Koch; C. scoparius ssp. ca11tabric1Lr (Willk.) M. Lainz ex Rivas -Martinez, Izco & M. Coste; Sorotha1111111s cantabricus Willk.; C. scoparius ssp. reverchonii (Degen & Hervier) Rivas-Goday & Rivas-Martinez; Sorotha1111111s rivercho11ii Degen & Hcrvier; C. scoparius var. andrea11us (Puiss.) Dippel, and ssp. maritimus (Rouy) Heywood, Genis/a scoparia (L.) Lam. var. maritima Rouy]

Delairea odorata Lem. [Se11ecio mikanioides Otto ex Walp.]

Diodia virginiana L. (Diodia hirsuta Pursh, Diodia tetragona Walt.]

Drymaria cordata (L.) Willd. ex Schult [Holosteum cordata L.]

Egeria densa Planch. [Anacharis densa (Plancb.) Victorin; Elodea densa (Planch.) Caspary; Philotria de11Sa (Planch.) Small & St. John]

Egeria 11ajas Planch.

cape-ivy

buttonweed

whitcsnow

Brazilian watcrwced

narrow-leaf elodea

Eichhomia crassipes (Mart.) Solms water hyacinth [Pontederia crassipes Mart.; P. crassipes R. & S.; PiaroptLI' crassipes (Mart.) Raf.; Piaropus crassipes Britt.]

Elytrigia repens (L.) Desv. ex Nevski quackgrass

[Agropyro11 repens (L.) P. Beauv.; Elymus repens (L.) Gould; Triticum repens L.]

Euphorbia esula L. leafy spurge [E. e. var. orientalis Boiss.; var. 11rale11sis (Fisch. ex Link) Dom]

Euphorbia graminea Jacq. grass leaf spurge [Agaloma graminea (Jacq.) D. B. Ward]

Euphorbia oblongata Griseb. oblong spurge [E. platyphylla sensu auct. CA., non L.]

Euphorbia Serrata L. serrate spurge

Euphorbia terracina L. Geraldton carnation spurge

B

c

A

A

A

A

A

A

c B

c Q

B

c

A

B

A

A

A

7

Fatoua villosa (Thunberg) Nakai [Urtica villosa Thunb. non Salzm. Ex Miq.]

Gaura see Oe11othera

Ge11ista 111011Spess11/ana (L.) L.A.S. Johnson [Cytisus monspessulamis L.]

hairy crabweed

French broom

Halimode11dron halodendron (Pall.) Voss Russian salt tree [including H. halode11dro11 var. albiflorum (Kar. & Kir.) Prjech.; Robinia halode11dr11111 Pall.; H. halode11dro11 Druce (nomen invalid); Caragana arge11te11111 Lam. H. argentewn (Lam.) DC., including H. argenteum var. albiflorum Kar. & Kir.; H. triflorwn Willd. ex Link; H. subvirescens G. Don; H. cuspidatum Jaub. et Spach; H. margi11atw11 Jaub. et Spach]

Halogeto11 glomeratus (M. Bieb.) C.A. Mey. halogeton [Anabasis glomerata M. Bieb.; Sa/so/a glomerata (M. Bieb.) Steph. ex Ldb.]

Heliantl11is ciliaris DC. blueweed

Hydrilla verticillata (L.f.) Royle hydrilla

[Serpicula verticillata L.f.]

Hydrocharis 111orsus-ra11ae L. frogbit [H. asarifolia Gray; H. asiatica Miq.; H. batrachyodegma St.-Lag.; H. ce/111/osa Buch.-Ham.; H. cordifo/ia St.-Lag.; H. rotzmdifolia Gilib.]

Hygrophila polyspen11a (Roxb.) T. Anders. [Justiciapolysperma Roxb., Fl. Ind. I : 120. 1820; Hemidelphispolyspemza (Roxb.) Nees in Wall., Pl. Asiat. Rar. 3:30. 1 832]

Hyoscyamus 11iger L.

Hypericum ca11arie11se L.

Hypericum pe1forat11111 L.

Iris pseudacorus L.

Jsatis ti11ctoria L.

Iva axillaris Pursh sensu Jato [includes /. a. var. robzistior Hook.; I. a. subsp. robustior (Hook.) Bassett]

Lagarosipho11 major (Ridl.) Moss ["Elodea crispa" Hort.]

swampweed

black henbane

Canary Island St. Johnswort

Klamathweed

yellow flag

dyer's woad

povertyweed

curly water-weed

Lepidium latifo/iwn L. perennial peppercress [numerous infraspecific taxa described in the Old World, including L. I. var. ve/11tim1111 Hayek ex Thell., of which to date only the typical variety has been found in California]

Lim11obium /aevigat11m (Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd.) Heine South American spongeplant [Hydromystria laevigata (Humb. & Bonpl. Ex Willd.) Lowden;. Li11111obi11111 spo11gia (Bose) Steud. subsp. laevigat11111 (Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd.) Heine]

Li11111obi11111 spo11gia (Bose) Steud. � stricto spongeplant [often sold as Hydrocharis morsus-ra11ae L; L. spo11gia subsp. spo11gia; Li11111obi11111 bosci Rich.]

Li11111ophila i11dica (L.) Druce ambulia [Hotto11ia i11dica L.; Ambulia i11dica (L.) W.F. Wight; Terebinthi11a i11dica (L.) Kuntze; L. gratioloides R. Br.; Ambulia gratioloides (R. Br.) Baill.; also including L. ludoviciana Thieret (== L. i11dica XL. sessi/iflora (Yahl) Blume)]

A

A

A

B

B

B

c

c

B

B

c

B

B

A

A

A

A

A

B

B

A

8

Limnophila sessiliflora (Yahl) Blume

Linaria genistifo/ia (L.) Mill. subsp. dalmatica (L.) Maire & Petitm.

[A11tin·hi11u111 dalmaticum L.; Linaria dalmatica (L.) Mill. scnsu .!filQ]

Ludwigia peruviana (L.) H.Hara [Jussiaea grandijlora L.; Jussiaea peruviana L.]

Lythrum sa/icaria L.

Muh/enbergia schreberi J.F. Gmelin

Myoso/011 aq11atic11111 (L.) Moench [Stel/aria aquatica L.; Cerasti11111 aq11atic11111 L.]

Myriophyllum spica/11111 L. non Gmel. [no M spica/11111 auct. non Gmel.]

dwarf ambulia

Dalmatian toadflax

water primrose

purple loosestrife

nimblewill

giant chickweed

Eurasian watcrmilfoil

Nassella te1111issi111a (Trin.) Barkworth feather nccdlegrass [Stipa /emlissima Trin.; Stipa cirrosa E.Foum. ex Hernsl.; Stipa ge11ic11/a/a Phil.; Stipa 111e11doci11a Phil.; Stipa oreophila Speg.; Stipa s11h11/a/a E.Foum. ex Hemsl.]

Nothoscord11111 gracile (Ait.) Steam sensu lato fragrant false garlic [includes N. borbonicum Kunth (false-garlic); A/li11111 gracile Ail.; Nothoscord11111 gracile (Ail.) Stearn; N.fragrans (Vent.) Kunth; Alli11111fragra11s Vent., Nothoscord11m i11odoru111 auct. non (Ait.) Nicholson (misapplied, = A/li11111 11eapolita1111111)]

Nymphaea mexicana Zucc.

Nymphaea odorata Aiton [Castalia odorala (Aiton) Wood]

banana waterlily

fragrant waterlily

Oenothera xe11oga11ra W. L. Wagner & Hoch Drummond's gaura [Gaura dr11111111011dii (Spach) Torr. & A. Gray; G. odorata auct. non Scsse ex Lag.]

Oenothera si1111osa W. L, Wagner & Hoch [Ga11ra si1111ata Ser.]

wavy-leaved gaura

011011 is alopecuroides L. foxtail restharrow [O. salzma1111ia11a Boiss. & Reul. non sensu Jvimcy-Cook in Flora Europaca V. 2, 1968]

011opord11111 aca11thi11m L. � Jato Scotch thistle [including the numerous infraspecific taxa recognized in the Old World, of which to date only the typical has been found in N. America]

011opord11111 illyric11111 L. I llyrian thistle

011opord11111 ta11ric11m Willd. Taurian thistle

Orobanche ramosa L. branched broomrape

Oryza r11fipogo11 Griff. perennial wild red rice [provisionally non Oryza saliva L. forrna spo11ta11ea Roshev 1931, non Backer, 1928. Rosbev's type not seen by Duistermaat (Blumea 32: 157- 193, 1987)]

Pa11ic11111 antidotale Retz. blue panicgrass

Pega1111111 harmala L. harrnel [including P. h. var. ste11ophyl/11111 Boiss. and P. Ir. var. 11111/tisecta Maxim. described from the Old World, but not (yet) recorded for North America]

c A

B

B

B

B

B

Q A

A

B

B

B

c

A

c

c

A

B

A

9

Penniselum clandesti1111111 Chiov. Kikuyu grass

Physalis longifolia Nutt. long-leaf groundcherry [Physalis virginiana Mill. var. sonorae (Torr.) Waterf.; P. pumila Nutt. var. sonorae Torr.; P. rigida Pollard & Ball]

Physalis viscosa L. grape groundcherry

Pistia strat iotes L. water lettuce [Apiospennwn occidentalis Blume, Limonesis commlllata Klotzsch, L.friedrichsthaliana Klotzsch, Pislia aethiopica Fenzl ex Klotzsch, P. africana C. Pres\., P. co11111111/ala Schleid., P. crispata Blume.,

P. occidentalis Blume]

Polygonum cuspida/11111 Siebold & Zucc. Japanese knotweed [Fallopiajaponica (Routt.) Ronse Deer.*; Polygonum zuccarinii Small; Rey11011triajapo11ica Routt.]

Polygom1111 polystachy11m Meissn. [Persicaria wallichii Greuter & Burdet*]

Himalayan knotweed

Polygonum sachalinense Maxim. giant knotweed [Fallopia sachalinensis (F. Schmidt ex Maxim.) Ronse Deer.*; Reynoutria sachalinensis (F. Schmidt ex Maxim.) Nakai]

Pontederia cordata L.

Potentilla rec/a L.

Prosopis s/romb11/ifera (Lam.) Benth. [Mimosa stromb11lifera Lam.]

Retama monospenna (L.) Boiss. [Genis/a monospenna (L.) Lam.; Spartium monospermum L.]

Rorippa austriaca (Crantz) Besser [Nasturtium a11striacum Crantz]

Rorippa sylvestris (L.) Besser [Sisymbri11m sylvestre L.]

Rota/a rotzmdifolia (Buch.-Ham. ex Roxb.) Koehne (Ammannia ro/zmdifolia Buch.-Ham. ex Roxb. )

Sa/so/a collina Pall.

Sa/sofa paulsenii Litv. [S. pe/lucida D.I. Litvinov]

pickerelweed

sulfur cinquefoil

creeping mesquite

bridal broom

Austrian field cress

creeping yellow field cress

round leaf rotala

spineless Russianthistle

barbwire Russianthistle

Salsola tragus L. common Russianthistle [S. a11s/ralis auct non R. Br.; S. iberica (Sennen & Pau) Botsch.; S. kali auct. non L.; S. ruthenica Iljin in B. Keller et al. as used in numerous references; S. pestifer A. Nelson; all cf. Mosyakin, S.L., 1996, Hrusa, G.F. & J.F. Gaskin, 2008]

Sa/sofa vermiculata L. worm leaf saltwort [California material may be the segregate species S. damascena Botsch sensu stricto cf. Mosyakin, S.L., Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 83: 387-395. 1996. Synonymy for S. damascena follows Mosyakin 1996: = S. rigida Pall. var. tenuifolia Boiss. pro parte; S. rigida Pall. subsp. te1111ifolia (Boiss.) Botsch. pro parte auct. non Delile pro parte, S. vermiculata L. subsp. villosa auct. non (Delile) Eig pro parte].

Salvia aelhiopis L. Mediterranean sage

Salvia virgala Jacq. southern meadow sage

1 ()()()

A

A

8

Q B

Q

8

B

A

B

A

B

B

B

A

c

c 10

[S.prate11sis L. pro parte; some specimens appear referable to Salvia superha Stapf non Hort. ex Vilm., a hybrid between S. 11emorosa L. and S. pratensis L. s.s., our material fide Ian Hedge, RBG Edinburgh as S. virgata Jacq.]

Salvinia auriculata Aubl. sensu lato [includes S. auriculata Aubl. s.s.; S. hiloha Raddi; S. herzogii de la Sota; and S. molesta D.S. Mitch.]

Scolymus hispanicus L. [Scolymus grandiflorus Desf.]

giant salvinia

golden thistle

Senecio jacohaea L. tansy ragwort [Jacobaea vulgaris Gaertn.*; S.j. var.jlosculosum DC.; S.j. var. gra11dijlorus Korsh, non Turz. ex DC.; S.j. var. g. Turz ex DC. non Korsh.; S.jacobaeoides Willk.]

Senecio linearifolius A. Rich. narrow leaf ragwort

Se11ecio squalidus L. Oxford ragwort [S. laci11iatus S.F. Gray; S. 11ebrode11sis auct. 11011 L.J

Senna obtusifolia (L.) H. S. Irwin & Barneby sicklcpod [Cassia humilis Collad.; Cassia obtusifolia L.; Cassia fora auct. 11011 L.; Cassia tora L. var. /wmi/is (Collad.) Collad. Cassia tora L. var. obtmifolia (L.) Haines; Cassia toroides Raf.; Cassia toroides Roxb.; Diallobusfalcalus Raf. Diallobus uniflorus Raf.; Se1111a toroides Roxb.]

Sesba11ia punicea (Cav.) Beuth. [Piscidia p1111icea Cav. ; Emerus p1111icem (Cav.) Kuntze; Daube11to11ia p1111icea (Cav.) DC.; Sesbania tripetii Hort. ex F. T. Hubbard)

Setariafaheri R.A.W. Herrm. [S. macrocarpa Luchnik)

Sola1111111 cardiophy/111111 Lindi. [may = S. boldoense Dunal]

scarlet wisteria

giant foxtail

heartleaf nightshade

Sola1111m caroli11e11se L. Carolina horsenettle [including S. c. var.jloridam1111 (Shuttlw. ex Dunal) Chapman; S. c. var. hirsutum (Nutt.) A Gray]

Sola1111111 dimidiatum Raf. Torrey's nightshade

Sola1111111 elaeag11ifolium Cav. white horsenettle [S. dealbat11111 Lindi.; S. obtusifolium Dunal; S. e/aeagnifolium var. ohtusifoli11111 (Dunal) Dunal; S.jlavidum Torr.; S. saponaceum Dunal; S. texe11se Engelm. & A. Gray; S. elaeagnifolium forma he11kei Stand!.; S. e. var. a11gmtifoli11111 Kuntze; S. leprosum Ortega S. e. var. argyrocro/011 Griseb.; S. e. var. grandiflorum Griseb.; S. e. var. ovalifolium Kuntze]

Sola1111111 la11ceo/at111n Cav., non Ruiz & Pavon, 1799 lanceleafnightshade [S. de11sifloru111 M. Martens & Galeottii; S.jloccosum M. Martens & Galcottii; S. hartwegii Bcnth.]

Sola11u111 111argi11at11111 L.f. white-margined nightshade

Sonchus arve11sis L. perennial sowthistle [Hieraci11111 arve11se (L.) Scop.; including S. hrachyotus DC; S. an•e11sis forma brachyotus (DC.) Kirp.; S. a. ssp. brachyotus (DC.) Kitam.; S. uligi11osus M. Bieb.; S. arvensis ssp. uliginosus (M. Bieb.) H. Neumayer; S. a. var. uligi11osus (M. Bicb.) Trautv.; S. a. var. glahresce11s Gunth., Grab. & Wimm.; S. a. var. laevipes Boiss., non Koch, 1 837]

Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers. johnsongrass [Holcus halepensis L.; applies also to other perennial Sorghum spp. including but not limited to Sorghum a/11111111 Parodi]

Sparti11111j1111ce11111 L. Spanish broom

A

A

B

c

A

B

B

B

B

c B

H

B

A

A

11

Sphaerophysa salsula (Pall.) DC. [Phaca salsula Pall.; Swainso11a salsula (Pall.) Taubert in Engl. & Prantl)

Striga asiatica (L.) Kuntze [B11cl111era asiatica L.; S. 111/ea Lour.]

Symphytum asperum Lepechin [ S. arme11iac11111 Bucknall]

Austrian pcaweed

witch weed

rough comfrey

Tae11iatherum cap11t-medusae (L.) Nevski medusahead [Elymus caput-medusae L.; Horde11111 cap11t-medusae (L.) Crosson & Durand; Cuviera cap11t-med11sae (L.) Simk. Tae11iatherm11 asperum (Simk.) Nevski; T. cap11t-medusae subsp. asperum (Simk.) Melderis; Taeniatherum cri11it11m (Schreb.) Nevski var. cap11t-med11sae (L.) Wipff.]

Tageles minuta L. wild marigold [T. bonariensis Pers.; T. gla11d11lifera Schrank; T. glandulosa Link; T. porophyl/11111 Veil.]

Tamarix chinensis Lour. Chinese tamarisk [T. caspica Hort. Gall. Ex Dippel;T. gallica Thunb.; T.japo11ica Hort. Ex Dippel]

Tamarfr gallica L. French tamarisk [T. canariensis Willd.; T. ehrenbergii Pres! ex Bunge; T. elega11s Spach; T. epacroides Sm.; T. everma1111i Pres! . Ex Ledcb.; T. indica Willd.; T. lessingii pres I. Ex Bunge; T. libanotica Hort. Ex K.Koch; T. mmmifera Kotschy ex Bunge; T. 11arbo11e11sis Garsault; T nilotica (Ehrenb.) Bunge; T. palaestina Berto I.; T. pall as ii Desv.; T paniculata Stev. Ex DC.; T. penlandra Pall.; T. senegalensis DC.; T. tetrandra Guebh. Ex Bunge]

Tamarfr parviflora DC. smallflower tamarisk [T. crelica Bunge; T. gallica Sieber ex Nyman; T. pentandra Hampe. Ex Bunge; T. pelteri Pres! ex Bunge;

Tamarix ramosissima Ledeb. [sometimes included in T. gallica s.l.]

Trib11l11s terreslris L.

Ulex europaeus L., non Brotcro ( 1804), nee Savi [U. e. ssp. borealis Rothm.; U. e. ssp. latebracteatus (Mariz.) Rothm.]

Val/isneria spp.

saltcedar

puncturevinc

gorse

eelgrass

Viscum album L. European mistletoe [including V. abiet is (Wiesb.) Fritsch.; V. austriacum Wicsb.; V. a11striac11m var. abietis Wiesb.; V. album ssp. abietis (Wiesb.) Abrom.; V. a. ssp. meridia1111111 (Danser) Long]

Zosterajaponica Ascher & Graebner Japanese eelgrass [Na11ozosterajapo11ica (Asch. & Graebn.) P. Tomi & U. Posl.]

Zygophyllumfabago L. Syrian beancaper [Z.f var. brachycarpum auct. non Boiss.]

1 ,; ()()