A low LD50 indicates _____.

a)that 50 mg can be ingested without harm to humansb)a high toxicityc)a low toxicityd)that the compound is not harmful to humanse)that 50% of the time ingestion causes mild symptoms of toxicity

 A low LD50 indicates _____.

a)that 50 mg can be ingested without harm to humansb)a high toxicityc)a low toxicityd)that the compound is not harmful to humanse)that 50% of the time ingestion causes mild symptoms of toxicity

The data below provides examples of LD50 values for a variety of pesticides.List the pesticides in order of ORAL toxicity, from the LEAST toxic to the MOST toxic.a) b)c)d)e)f)g)

The data below provides examples of LD50 values for a variety of pesticides.List the pesticides in order of ORAL toxicity, from the LEAST toxic to the MOST toxic.a) Chlorothalonilb) Trifluralinc) Glyphosated) Iprodionee) Paraquatf) Oxydemetonmethylg) Carbofuran

The data below provides examples of LD50 values for a variety of pesticides.List the pesticides in order of DERMAL toxicity, from the LEAST toxic to the MOST toxic.a) b)c)d)e)f)g)

The data below provides examples of LD50 values for a variety of pesticides.List the pesticides in order of DERMAL toxicity, from the LEAST toxic to the MOST toxic.a) Chlorothalonilb) Glyphosatec) Carbofurand) Trifluraline) Iprodionef) Paraquat g) Oxydemetonmethyl

The dose-response curve below shows the LD50 curves for four different substances. Based upon this LD50 data, which substance is LEAST toxic?

a)Substance Ab)Substance Bc)Substance Cd)Substance D      

The dose-response curve below shows the LD50 curves for four different substances. Based upon this LD50 data, which substance is LEAST toxic?

a)Substance Ab)Substance Bc)Substance Cd)Substance D      

Exposure to low amounts of a chemical over long periods of time is _________.

a)acute exposureb)persistent exposurec)easier to detect in a person’s system than high exposure over short periods of timed)chronic exposuree)not very common

Exposure to low amounts of a chemical over long periods of time is _________.

a)acute exposureb)persistent exposurec)easier to detect in a person’s system than high exposure over short periods of timed)chronic exposuree)not very common

The data below provides examples of LD50 values for four pesticides. Based upon this data, which of the following statement lists pesticide exposures in order from LEAST toxic to MOST toxic? Pesticide Active Ingredient Oral LD50 (mg/kg) Dermal LD50(mg/kg)

Aldicarb 0.93 3.15Diazinon 108 455-900Malathion 1000 4,100Atrazine 3,080 7,500

  a)Dermal Aldicarb < Dermal Diazinon < Dermal Malathion < Dermal Atrazineb)Oral Aldicarb < Oral Diazinon < Oral Malathion < Oral Atrazinec)Dermal Atrazine < Oral Diazinon < Dermal Aldicarb < Oral Aldicarbd)Oral Aldicarb < Dermal Diazinon < Dermal Aldicarb < Oral Atrazine

The data below provides examples of LD50 values for four pesticides. Based upon this data, which of the following statement lists pesticide exposures in order from LEAST toxic to MOST toxic? Pesticide Active Ingredient Oral LD50 (mg/kg) Dermal LD50(mg/kg)

Aldicarb 0.93 3.15Diazinon 108 455-900Malathion 1000 4,100Atrazine 3,080 7,500

  a)Dermal Aldicarb < Dermal Diazinon < Dermal Malathion < Dermal Atrazineb)Oral Aldicarb < Oral Diazinon < Oral Malathion < Oral Atrazinec)Dermal Atrazine < Oral Diazinon < Dermal Aldicarb < Oral Aldicarbd)Oral Aldicarb < Dermal Diazinon < Dermal Aldicarb < Oral Atrazine

Base your answers to the following question on the table below.  EPA Data as from: EPA. Registering Pesticides, 2009. Accessed on 1 April 2011 at: http://www.epa.gov/pesticides/regulating/registering/index.htm Table as adapted from Damalas and Eleftherohorinos. “Pesticide Exposure, Safety Issues, and Risk Assessment Indicators.” Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2011, 8, 1402-1419; doi:10.3390/ijerph8051402

 

According to the EPA data reported in the table above, which of the following statements is TRUE.a)Breathing a pesticide is the least toxic form of exposure.b)Eating a pesticide is usually more harmful than breathing it.c)Having a pesticide on your skin is less harmful than breathing it.d)Having a pesticide on your skin is the most toxic form of exposure.

Base your answers to the following question on the table below.  EPA Data as from: EPA. Registering Pesticides, 2009. Accessed on 1 April 2011 at: http://www.epa.gov/pesticides/regulating/registering/index.htm Table as adapted from Damalas and Eleftherohorinos. “Pesticide Exposure, Safety Issues, and Risk Assessment Indicators.” Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2011, 8, 1402-1419; doi:10.3390/ijerph8051402

 

According to the EPA data reported in the table above, which of the following statements is TRUE.a)Breathing a pesticide is the least toxic form of exposure.b)Eating a pesticide is usually more harmful than breathing it.c)Having a pesticide on your skin is less harmful than breathing it.d)Having a pesticide on your skin is the most toxic form of exposure.

Base your answers to the following question on the table below.  EPA Data as from: EPA. Registering Pesticides, 2009. Accessed on 1 April 2011 at: http://www.epa.gov/pesticides/regulating/registering/index.htm Table as adapted from Damalas and Eleftherohorinos. “Pesticide Exposure, Safety Issues, and Risk Assessment Indicators.” Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2011, 8, 1402-1419; doi:10.3390/ijerph8051402

 

According to the EPA data reported in the table above, which of the following statements is FALSE.a)Breathing a pesticide is usually more harmful than eating it. b)Eating a pesticide is usually more harmful than having it on your skin.c)Having a pesticide on your skin is usually the least harmful route of exposure. d)Eating a pesticide is usually the most harmful route of exposure.

Base your answers to the following question on the table below.  EPA Data as from: EPA. Registering Pesticides, 2009. Accessed on 1 April 2011 at: http://www.epa.gov/pesticides/regulating/registering/index.htm Table as adapted from Damalas and Eleftherohorinos. “Pesticide Exposure, Safety Issues, and Risk Assessment Indicators.” Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2011, 8, 1402-1419; doi:10.3390/ijerph8051402

 

According to the EPA data reported in the table above, which of the following statements is FALSE.a)Breathing a pesticide is usually more harmful than eating it. b)Eating a pesticide is usually more harmful than having it on your skin.c)Having a pesticide on your skin is usually the least harmful route of exposure. d)Eating a pesticide is usually the most harmful route of exposure.

Match the definition with the term:

LD50 ED50 TD50 T.I.

The dose of drug that produces a therapeutic response in half of the test group is called the ___.

 

The comparison of the amount of a therapeutic agent that causes the therapeutic effect to the amount that causes toxic effects is the ____.

 

The dose of a drug that kills half of the test group is called the ____.

 

The dose of drug that produces a toxic response in half of the test group is called the ___.

Match the definition with the term:

LD50 ED50 TD50 T.I.

The dose of drug that produces a therapeutic response in half of the test group is called the ED50.

 

The comparison of the amount of a therapeutic agent that causes the therapeutic effect to the amount that causes toxic effects is the T.I.

 

The dose of a drug that kills half of the test group is called the LD50.

 

The dose of drug that produces a toxic response in half of the test group is called the TD50.

Place the terms below in the order in which they are generally observed as dosage of a drug increases. Use the graph below to help….

LD50 ED50 TD50

Place the terms below in the order in which they are generally observed as dosage of a drug increases. Use the graph below to help….

LD50 ED50 TD50 For a given drug the ED50 is usually less than the TD50 which is less than the LD50. In other words…ED50 < TD50 < LD50. Meaning that a lower dose of the drug has a therapeutic effect,and a higher dose has toxic effects, while an even higher dose willhave lethal effects.

The dose-response curve below shows the ED50 curves for four different drugs. Based upon this data, which drug is MOST effective?a)Drug Ab)Drug Bc)Drug Cd)Drug D   

The dose-response curve below shows the ED50 curves for four different drugs. Based upon this data, which drug is MOST effective?a)Drug Ab)Drug Bc)Drug Cd)Drug D   

Which of the following represents the therapeutic index of a drug?a)T.I. = TD50 / ED50b)T.I. = LD50 / ED50c)T.I. = ED50 / TD50d)T.I. = ED50 / LD50 

 

Which of the following represents the therapeutic index of a drug?a)T.I. = TD50 / ED50b)T.I. = LD50 / ED50c)T.I. = ED50 / TD50d)T.I. = ED50 / LD50 

 

Which of the following can be used as a relative indicator of the margin of safety of a drug?a)LD50b)ED50c)TD50d)T.I.

Which of the following can be used as a relative indicator of the margin of safety of a drug?a)LD50b)ED50c)TD50d)T.I.

The relative health risk of exposure to a given environmental pollutant can only be estimated if one knows the ___.a)toxicity of the compound.b)likelihood that an organism will be exposed to it.c)the likely duration (total time) of exposure.d)the likely dose per exposure.e)All of the above.

The relative health risk of exposure to a given environmental pollutant can only be estimated if one knows the ___.a)toxicity of the compound.b)likelihood that an organism will be exposed to it.c)the likely duration (total time) of exposure.d)the likely dose per exposure.e)All of the above.

Environmental health hazards ____.a)are primarily outdoor hazards.b)are primarily indoor hazards.c)include natural toxicants.d)include synthetic toxicantse)all of the above

Environmental health hazards ____.a)are primarily outdoor hazards.b)are primarily indoor hazards.c)include natural toxicants.d)include synthetic toxicantse)all of the above

Risk management for potential pollutants requires an understanding of _____.a)scientific informationb)scientific and political informationc)scientific and economic informationd)scientific, political, and economic informatione)only the chemical impacts on target and non-target organisms

Risk management for potential pollutants requires an understanding of _____.a)scientific informationb)scientific and political informationc)scientific and economic informationd)scientific, political, and economic informatione)only the chemical impacts on target and non-target organisms

Use the diagram below to assist in answering this question. In a eukaryotic cell, where is the vast majority of ATP manufactured?

A. nucleusB. mitochondriaC. vacuoleD. ribosome

Use the diagram below to assist in answering this question. In a eukaryotic cell, where is the vast majority of ATP manufactured?

A. nucleusB. mitochondriaC. vacuoleD. ribosome

Use the diagram below to assist in answering this question. ATP typically powers reactions in cells when A. ATP gives up two of its phosphate groups to become AMP. B. ATP gives up all three of its phosphate groups. C. ATP gives up one phosphate group to become ADP. D. ADP adds a phosphate group to become ATP.

Use the diagram below to assist in answering this question. ATP typically powers reactions in cells when A. ATP gives up two of its phosphate groups to become AMP. B. ATP gives up all three of its phosphate groups. C. ATP gives up one phosphate group to become ADP. D. ADP adds a phosphate group to become ATP.

Use the diagram below to assist in answering this question. ATP is an energy carrier. Where is the energy actually located? A. Attached to the adenine nitrogenous base B. Inside the ribose sugarC. in the covalent bond between the ribose sugar and the 1st phosphateD. in the covalent bond between the 2nd phosphate and the 3rd phosphate

Use the diagram below to assist in answering this question. ATP is an energy carrier. Where is the energy actually located? A. Attached to the adenine nitrogenous base B. Inside the ribose sugarC. in the covalent bond between the ribose sugar and the 1st phosphateD. in the covalent bond between the 2nd phosphate and the 3rd phosphate

The overall equation for the aerobic cellular respiration of glucose is

A) C5H12O6 + 6 O2 → 5 CO2 + 6 H2O + energy.

B) 5 CO2 + 6 H2O → C5H12O6 + 6 O2 + energy.

C) C6H12O6 + 6 O2 → 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + energy.

D) C6H12O6 + energy → 6 CO2+ 6 H2O + 6 O2.

The overall equation for the aerobic cellular respiration of glucose is

A) C5H12O6 + 6 O2 → 5 CO2 + 6 H2O + energy.

B) 5 CO2 + 6 H2O → C5H12O6 + 6 O2 + energy.

C) C6H12O6 + 6 O2 → 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + energy.

D) C6H12O6 + energy → 6 CO2+ 6 H2O + 6 O2.

Answer A is a trap! The sugar (C5H12O6) is NOT glucose!

During cellular respiration, the energy in glucoseA) becomes stored in molecules of ammonia.B) is used to manufacture glucose.C) is released all at once.D) is carried by electrons.

During cellular respiration, the energy in glucoseA) becomes stored in molecules of ammonia.B) is used to manufacture glucose.C) is released all at once.D) is carried by electrons.

LIST the following terms in the order that describes the pathway that electrons follow during cellular respiration as they move from higher energy states to progressively lower energy states. Electron transport chainGlucoseNADHOxygen

LIST the following terms in the order that describes the pathway that electrons follow during cellular respiration as they move from higher energy states to progressively lower energy states. Electron transport chainGlucoseNADHOxygenGlucose NADH Electron Transport Chain OxygenHigh energy electrons from our original glucose molecule get loaded onto NADH, which carries them to the Electron Transport chain, which harnesses their energy. The energy-depleted electrons at the end of the ETC, get accepted by oxygen gas, which uses these now low energy electrons to form covalent bonds with hydrogen ions, thus forming water.

The principal raw materials (reactants) for aerobic cellular respiration are a)carbon dioxide and glucose b)carbon dioxide and oxygenc)carbon dioxide and waterd)oxygen and glucose

The principal raw materials (reactants) for aerobic cellular respiration are a)carbon dioxide and glucose b)carbon dioxide and oxygenc)carbon dioxide and waterd)oxygen and glucose

The principal end products of aerobic cellular respiration area)carbon dioxide, water, and glucose b)glucose, the energy to make ATP, and oxygenc) the energy to make ATP, water, and carbon dioxided)water, oxygen, and carbon dioxide

The principal end products of aerobic cellular respiration area)carbon dioxide, water, and glucose b)glucose, the energy to make ATP, and oxygenc) the energy to make ATP, water, and carbon dioxided)water, oxygen, and carbon dioxide

During cellular respiration, NADHA) is chemically converted into ATP.B) is converted to FADH2

C) delivers its cargo of electrons to the mitochondrial inner membrane.D) is the final electron acceptor.

During cellular respiration, NADHA) is chemically converted into ATP.B) is converted to FADH2

C) delivers its cargo of electrons to the mitochondrial inner membrane.D) is the final electron acceptor.

What is the final electron acceptor in cellular respiration? a)ATP b)NADH c)carbon dioxide d)oxygen e)FADH2

What is the final electron acceptor in cellular respiration? a)ATP b)NADH c)carbon dioxide d)oxygen e)FADH2

Which of the following statements regarding cellular respiration is FALSE?A) Cellular respiration is a single chemical reaction with just one step.B) Cellular respiration produces water.C) Cellular respiration produces carbon dioxide.D) Cellular respiration releases heat.

Which of the following statements regarding cellular respiration is FALSE?A) Cellular respiration is a single chemical reaction with just one step.B) Cellular respiration produces water.C) Cellular respiration produces carbon dioxide.D) Cellular respiration releases heat.

How do cells capture the energy released by cellular respiration?a)They produce ATP.b)They produce glucose.c)They store it in molecules of carbon dioxide.d)The energy is coupled to oxygen.

How do cells capture the energy released by cellular respiration?a)They produce ATP.b)They produce glucose.c)They store it in molecules of carbon dioxide.d)The energy is coupled to oxygen.

The functioning of the electron transport chain is analogous toA) a Slinky toy going down a flight of stairs.B) a canoe going over a waterfall.C) a person climbing a flight of stairs one step at a time.D) a person leaping from the top to the bottom of a flight of stairs in one jump.

The functioning of the electron transport chain is analogous toA) a Slinky toy going down a flight of stairs.B) a canoe going over a waterfall.C) a person climbing a flight of stairs one step at a time.D) a person leaping from the top to the bottom of a flight of stairs in one jump.

During chemiosmosis,A) energy is released as H+ ions move freely across mitochondrial membranes.B) ATP is synthesized when H+ ions move through a channel in ATP synthase.C) a concentration gradient is generated when large numbers of H+ ions are passively transported from the matrix of the mitochondrion to the mitochondrion's intermembrane space.D) H+ ions serve as the final electron acceptor.

During chemiosmosis,A) energy is released as H+ ions move freely across mitochondrial membranes.B) ATP is synthesized when H+ ions move through a channel in ATP synthase.C) a concentration gradient is generated when large numbers of H+ ions are passively transported from the matrix of the mitochondrion to the mitochondrion's intermembrane space.D) H+ ions serve as the final electron acceptor.

Which of the following statements about the inner mitochondrial membrane is FALSE?A) ATP synthase is found in the inner mitochondrial membrane.B) The inner mitochondrial membrane plays a role in the production of pyruvate.C) Electron carriers are found in the inner mitochondrial membrane.D) A gradient of H+ exists across the inner mitochondrial membrane.

Which of the following statements about the inner mitochondrial membrane is FALSE?A) ATP synthase is found in the inner mitochondrial membrane.B) The inner mitochondrial membrane plays a role in the production of pyruvate.C) Electron carriers are found in the inner mitochondrial membrane.D) A gradient of H+ exists across the inner mitochondrial membrane.

Rotenone is a poison commonly added to insecticides. Insects exposed to rotenone will die because

A) they will no longer be able to perform anaerobic respiration.

B) high levels of fermentation products will build up in their bodies.

C) they will no longer be able to produce adequate amounts of ATP.

D) they will no longer be able to absorb water and will become dehydrated.

Rotenone is a poison commonly added to insecticides. Insects exposed to rotenone will die because

A) they will no longer be able to perform anaerobic respiration.

B) high levels of fermentation products will build up in their bodies.

C) they will no longer be able to produce adequate amounts of ATP.

D) they will no longer be able to absorb water and will become dehydrated.

Cyanide differs from dinitrophenol in that

A) cyanide is highly toxic to human cells, while dinitrophenol is nontoxic.

B) cyanide is an electron transport blocker, while dinitrophenol makes the membrane of the mitochondrion leaky to H+ ions.

C) cyanide makes the membrane of mitochondria leaky to H+ ions and prevents a concentration gradient from building up, while dinitrophenol blocks the passage of electrons through electron carriers.

D) cyanide inhibits the production of ATP by inhibiting ATP synthase, while dinitrophenol causes mitochondrial membranes to become less permeable to H+ ions.

Cyanide differs from dinitrophenol in that

A) cyanide is highly toxic to human cells, while dinitrophenol is nontoxic.

B) cyanide is an electron transport blocker, while dinitrophenol makes the membrane of the mitochondrion leaky to H+ ions.

C) cyanide makes the membrane of mitochondria leaky to H+ ions and prevents a concentration gradient from building up, while dinitrophenol blocks the passage of electrons through electron carriers.

D) cyanide inhibits the production of ATP by inhibiting ATP synthase, while dinitrophenol causes mitochondrial membranes to become less permeable to H+ ions.

After reading the paragraph, answer the question that follows. 

As a scientist employed by the FDA, you've been asked to sit on a panel to evaluate a pharmaceutical company's application for approval of a new weight loss drug called Fat Away. The company has submitted a report summarizing the results of their animal and human testing. In the report, it was noted that Fat Away works by affecting the electron transport chain. It decreases the synthesis of ATP by making the mitochondrial membrane permeable to H+, which allows H+ to leak from the outer compartment and into the inner compartment. This effect leads to weight loss.The method of weight loss described for Fat Away shows that the drug is acting as a metabolic

A) feedback inhibitor.B) oxygen carrier.C) redox promoter.D) uncoupler.

After reading the paragraph, answer the question that follows. 

As a scientist employed by the FDA, you've been asked to sit on a panel to evaluate a pharmaceutical company's application for approval of a new weight loss drug called Fat Away. The company has submitted a report summarizing the results of their animal and human testing. In the report, it was noted that Fat Away works by affecting the electron transport chain. It decreases the synthesis of ATP by making the mitochondrial membrane permeable to H+, which allows H+ to leak from the outer compartment and into the inner compartment. This effect leads to weight loss.The method of weight loss described for Fat Away shows that the drug is acting as a metabolic

A) feedback inhibitor.B) oxygen carrier.C) redox promoter.D) uncoupler.

After reading the paragraph, answer the question that follows. 

As a scientist employed by the FDA, you've been asked to sit on a panel to evaluate a pharmaceutical company's application for approval of a new weight loss drug called Fat Away. The company has submitted a report summarizing the results of their animal and human testing. In the report, it was noted that Fat Away works by affecting the electron transport chain. It decreases the synthesis of ATP by making the mitochondrial membrane permeable to H+, which allows H+ to leak from the outer compartment and into the inner compartment. This effect leads to weight loss. Fat Away prevents ATP from being made by

A) destroying the H+ gradient that allows ATP synthase to work.

B) preventing glycolysis from occurring.

C) preventing the conversion of NADH to NAD+.

D) slowing down the citric acid cycle.

After reading the paragraph, answer the question that follows. 

As a scientist employed by the FDA, you've been asked to sit on a panel to evaluate a pharmaceutical company's application for approval of a new weight loss drug called Fat Away. The company has submitted a report summarizing the results of their animal and human testing. In the report, it was noted that Fat Away works by affecting the electron transport chain. It decreases the synthesis of ATP by making the mitochondrial membrane permeable to H+, which allows H+ to leak from the outer compartment and into the inner compartment. This effect leads to weight loss. Fat Away prevents ATP from being made by

A) destroying the H+ gradient that allows ATP synthase to work.

B) preventing glycolysis from occurring.

C) preventing the conversion of NADH to NAD+.

D) slowing down the citric acid cycle.