final mef journal

8/14/2019 Final Mef Journal

1/59


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10/59

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11/59

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9


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10


13/59

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armifvlat;

rrwdkU&nfre;wJUt&nftaoG;udkxdyg;vmwJUrnfonfUvTr;rdk;rudkrrc,loiUay/

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yHkrSmawGU&wJh s uawmh tydkif; 1 &JU ra-

dius jzpfygw,f/ r uawmh tydkif; 2 &JU

radius jzpfygw,f/ b uawmh tydkif;

1 &JU rsufESmjyiftus,f jzpfygw,f/ b [m

r &JU tangent line jzpfygw,f/ H H

uawmh ESpfckvHk;eJYoufqdkifwJh tjrifhjzpf

ygw,f/ r eJY s Mum;uaxmifhudk( ) vdkYowfrSwfygr,f/ 'gqdk&if =

jzpfoGm;ygjyD/ b [m r &JU tangent

line jzpfwJhtwGuf axmifh l [m 90- eJY

nDygw,f/ tJ'gaMumifh a = jzpfygw,f/

'gqdk tJ'DMwd*HESpfck[m similar triangle

jzpfoGm;ygjyD/ similar triangle tem;awG&JU

tcsdK;[mwlnDw,fqdkwJh *kPfowdt& atmuf

mPfprf;

Ko Saw (rk'Hk)

12


15/59


Cylinder &JU surface area jzpfatmif

equation awGudk 2 eJY ajrSmufvdkufwJhtcg

surface area ESpfck[m wlnDaewmudk awGY&Sd&rSmjzpfygw,f/ tJ'gaMumifh tydkif;(1)&JU

surface area eJY tydkif;(2)&JU surface area[mwlnDygw,f/

tJ'Duae bmudkodEdkifovJqdkawmh sphere

wpfck&JU rnfonfhtpdwftydkif;u surface

area rqdk oleJY tjrifhcsif;wlnD ? radius

csif;wlnDwJh Cylinder &JU surface area eJY

twlwlygyJ/ 'gqdk&if tjrifhwl ? radius wlwJhCylinder wpfck&JU surface area eJY

spherewpfck&JU surface area wljyDaygh/

Ko Saw (rk'Hk)

Ref: Michael Starbird, Ph.D. Professor

of Mathematics , The University of Texasat Austin :

Lecture 8 , Circles, Pyramids, Cones and

Spheres

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wpfa,muf urmvHk;yHkpHi,ft&kyfav;wpfckeJUtvkyf&Iyfaeygw,f/befuDrGef;

tvkyfIyf&jcif; taMumif;uawmU 'Dvdkyg-

13


16/59


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parabolic antennaawG&JUtransmitter , receiver

awGxJrSm&SdwJh parameter awGawmfawmf rsm;rsm; eJY qifwlaewmudkawGU&SdcJhygw,f/ 'Dtjyif tD*spfyd&rpfawG&JUtwGif;wnfaqmufrSKsystem awG yp nf;awGudk omref satellite wnfaqmufy H k e J YE S K d i f ;, SO f jyc J h y gw,f/ ordkif;ynm&Sifrsm; em;rvnfEdkifjzpf aewJh y d&rpftwGif;r Sm& S dwJ h tcef;z G J Upnf;y H kawG?

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http://www.pois.ru/tayna.htm

14


17/59

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15


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16


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rif;wdkUvdkab;xdkifbkaNymawGaMumifh ekdifiH rwdk;wufwm?

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u qufNyD;?[dkrSm q&m0efrav; wpfa,muf Munfhay;aew,f As? aq;&Hk um;uAsm? tckxdudk ra&mufao;bl;? ac:xm;wm Mumaygh? aNymoHMum;wm awmh uav;uaoavmuf&Hkawmh rNzpfbl;wJh?aoG;xGuf wmrsm;awmh

aq;&Hkum; NrefNrefvmrS NzpfrSmAs? olu qufNyD;

tvum; tmrcHukrPDawG Asm? ydkuf qHus,lNyD ;? 'Dvkd rsm;us&i f b,fawm hr Stcs de fr S D ra&mufbl; ?

N y D ; & i f t a M u m i f ; N y c s u f r s d K ; p H k e J U ? vltoufwpfacsmif;qd kwm wefzd k;MuD; w,fAs?olwdk Uvmwm aemufusvdk U aowmb,fESpfa,muf avmuf &SdNyDvJawmif rodbl ;? tvum;? ao&if

t0DpdrSm csdK;uyfr,fh olawG

olvnf;aNym&if;qdk&if ; rSwfwdkifqDudk taNy;tvTm;oGm;aeav&J U? 'Dvl U Munf h&wm ulnDcsifpdwfawmh&Sdyg&JUolrSmvnf ; ta&;MuD ; tvkyf awmh &SdyHk yJav? tif;avolaNymwmvnf; [kwfwmyJav?aq;&Hkum;awG aemufus

w,f? aemufusw,fvdk U &Hk;uvlawG aNymoH om Mum;zl;wm? tckawmh wu,fNzpfaewmudk;? aMomf rvG,fygh


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vdk U? bmrSmODf;r,f rodbl ; vkd U pdwfuawG;&if; aNymAs

bmwkef;vdk U cyfqwfqwfav;xl;rdvdkufygw,f? taraNymwJhpum;udk Mum;vdkuf&awmh uGefawmh f acgif;awGxlNyD ;? rD;awmufMuD ; wpfck [yfvdkufovdk? &kwfw&ufaMumifoGm;ovdk? b,fvdkrSef;rodbJ uGefawmf twif;vrf;udk NzwffaNy;rdvdkufw,fvdk h xifvdkufw,f?puefUydkif;twGif;rS m rdkhvkd U uGefawmfudk,f uGefawmf bmNzpfoGm;rSef;awmifrodvdkufygbl ;? um;awG b&dwftkyfoH vnf;Mum;vdkufrd&JU? 'gayr,fh tar aNymvdkufwJh

om;? tckum;*dwfrSmyJvm;wJh? om;nDav;ydkufqH,lNyD;?

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vTSwfvdkufwJhuGef awmf vltkyfMuD;xJ twif;wdk;0ifoGm;awmh tckeuGefawmhfab;uaysmufoGm;wJh aumifrav;&JUaygifay:rS m touf 12 eSpfavmuft&G,f cav;wpfa,muf vSJvdkU? 'gPf&mu rNyif;ayr,fh? aNcaxmufudk xdxm;awmhemvdkUxifw,f cav;crsmatmfaeav&J U? aumifrav;uawmh aNymygw,f? pdwfrylygeJUwJU?cav;u uHaumif;

w,fwJh? aNcaxmufeJeJxdwmwJh? cav;u vefUoGm;awmhwkefaewmwJh?aq;&Hkum;a&mufawmhrSmygwJh? uGefawmfnDav;r[kwfvdk U awmfao;w,f[Jh qdkNyD ; pdwfxJuawmh oufNyif;csrdyg&JU?aemufawmhrS pOf;pm;&if; tvkdvdkrsuf&nfawG pD;usvmwmudk uGefawmfowd NyKrdygw,f?rD;ydGKifhvm;? um;vm;? um;orm;vm;?vrf;vm;?owdvm;bm;vm;?nmvm;vJ uGefawmf rodcsifawmh? igbmvdkUoufNyif;csvdkufrdwmvJvdk U udk,fhudkudk,f Nyefar; aerdw,f? ighnD av; r[kwfvdk U csvdk ufwmvm;? uav;uraoedkifvdk Uvm;? trSefawmh udk,fhaoG;om;r[kwfvdkU

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oli,fcsif;wpfa,mufudk *kPfNyKatmifNiDrf; (xdefawm)

ueawmbmvyaev?iAsm;wkUawaummvyaevvkUtmypvducsiryg&U/


28/59


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uAsm

26


29/59


a v , m O f a w G a y : a y g u f v m w mtcktcsdefrSmqdk&if ESpfaygif;wpf&mausmfoGm;ygjyD/ tpueOD;rSm av,mOfawGudk eJY armif;ESif

ygw,f/ aemufydkif;rSmawmh jet engine awG ay:vmjyD; wGifwGifus,fus,ftoHk;jyKvmMuyg w,f/bmvdkUwGifwGifus,fus,f oHk;&ovJqdk

awmUy d k j re fv d k U y gy J / propeller e J Y

av,mOfudkarmif;ESif&if maximum speed

u 500 km per hour ywf0ef;usif

avmufyJys Hoef;E d ki fygw,f/Jet aircraft

uawmh olYxufydkjrefygw,f/850-900 km

per houravmufysHoef;Edkifygw,f/ usm;MuD;

awmh ajc&mMuD;qdkwJhpum;twdkif;ygyJ/speed ydkjrefawmh qDydkukefygw,f/ qDukefusrIoufom atmif tif*sifeD,mrsm;u MudK;pm;Muygw,f/wpfESpfxufwpfESpf BudK;pm;rIawGatmifjrifwmudkatmufyg*&yfzf rSmawGUEdkifygw,f

*&yf&JU x-axis uawmh ckESpfou&mZfudk

udk,fpm;jyKygw,f/ y-axis uawmh qDukefusrI

(fuel consumption)udk udk,fpm;jyKygw,f/azmfjyxm;wJh unit uawmh Liter/10km/

passenger jzpfygw,f/ qDukefusrI[m wpfESpfxufwpfESp favsmUenf; vmwmudkawGU&Sd&rSmjzpfygw,f/ 1960 ckESpfuc&D;onfwpfa,muftwGuf 10 km tuGmta0;udk qD 0.6 liter ukefuscJU ygw,f/ ,cktcsdefrSmawmh c&D;onfwpf

a,muftwGuf 10 km tuGmta0;udk qD 0.2

liter yJ ukefusygw,f/ 'ghtjyif AirbusA330 udk Volvo V70 um;trsdK;tpm;eJYEdIif;,SOfMunfhygw,f/

FUEL CONSUMPTION

tJ'D&nfrSef;csufawGjzpfajrmufzdkY[m cufcJr,fqdkwmrSefayr,fh vkdvQifMuHq enf;vrf;&qdkwJhpum;yHktwdkif; MudK;yrf;tm;xkwfvQif &nfrSef;csufudk rvGJ{uefa&muf&Sdr,fvdkY ,HkMunf&ygaMumif;

.

27


30/59

jrermti*sie,mzk&rEpvnfpmapmi txufrSmjrif&wJh *&yfzftwdkif; c&D;onfwpf

a,muftwGuf 10 km tuGmta0;udk um; eJY av,mOf?qDukefusrIEdIif;,SOfwJhtcg av,mOf&JU qDpm;EIef;u um;eJY,SOf&if 26% avsmh

enf;aewmudk awGY&rSmjzpfygw,f/ Calcula-tion uawmh av,mOfrSm median load(75% full) udk tajccHxm;jyD; um;rSmawmhdriver &JU load udkyg,lwGufxm;ygw,f/acwfopfav,mOfwpfpif;u xGufay:vmwJU qlnHrI(noise) [m acwfay:tjref&xm;u xGuf ay:vmwJh qlnHrIeJY EIdif;,SOf&if xuf0ufcefYavsmhenf;ygw,f/ Advisory Council ofAeronautics Research in Europe

(ACARE) u 2020 ckE Sp ftwGuf&nfrSef;csufuawmh atmufygtwdkif;jzpfygw,f/- Fuel consumption and carbon

dioxide emissions to fall by 50 per

cent

- Noise to fall by 50 per cent

- Nitric oxide emissions to fall

by 80 per cent

tJ'D&nfrSef;csufawGjzpfajrmufzd k Y[m cufcJr,fqdkwmrSefayr,fh vkdvQifMuHq enf;vrf;& qdkwJhpum;yH ktwdkif; MudK;yrf;tm;xkwfvQif &nfr Se f;csufud k rvG J{uefa&muf & S dr,fvdkY ,HkMunf&ygaMumif; .

Ref: Henrik Norberg , Volvo Aero and

Airbus , AERO ENVIRONMENT ( A

MAGAZINE ABOUT AVIATION AND

THE ENVIRONMENT FROM VOLVO

a'geom;

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Naval architecture qdkwJhynm&yf[m yD;&l;awmifwef;uae pwifarG;zGm;vmw,fqdk&if tukeftHhMooifh ukefrvm;yJ/ wu,fyg/ olYwpfoufwpfudk,f oabFmwpfpD;awmifrS

raqmufcJhzl;wJh jyifopfeuwfynm&SifPierreBouguer [m olY&Jh olawoepmwrf;jzpfwJh

Trait du navire, de sa constructionet de ses mouvemens (Treatise of the

Ship, Its Construction and Move-

ments) rSm pwiftoHk;jyKcJhygw,f/ jyifopfodyHtu,f'rD&Jhokawoevkyf ief;jzpfwJh urm- MuD;&Jh t&G,ftpm;eJYyHko@mefudkodEdkif&eftwGuf vwDwG'f'D*&DoHk;rsdK;eJY wdkif;wm&ef yD&l;awmif wef;rSm tajccsaepOf (1735-1744) twGif; txufygpmwrf;udkyg jyKpkcJhwmyg/ 1746 a&mufrS w&m;0ifxkwfa0jzefYcsDcJhw,f vdkYrSwf om;&ygw,f/ awmifwef;ay:rSm oabFmynm tkwfjrpfwpfckcscJUwm[m tHUzG,fwpfckuawmUtrSefygyJ/

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jyKc J h&ygw,f/od k Ya Mumif hr d k Yvnf; Pierre

Bouguerudk a&aMumif;AdokumzcifMuD;&,fvdkY

(the father of naval architec-

ture) aESmif;vlwdkY rSwfcsufjyKcJh&ygw,f/ tJvd kr SwfcsufjyK&wJ h aemuftaMumif;&if; wpfckuvnf; oabFmwpfpD;twGuf touf

wrQta&;MuD;vSwJh Stability twGuf,aeU

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txif&SdcJhMuygw,f/ Fluid xJrSm t&m0wK

wpfckepfjrKyfrI*kPfowd Buoyancy law udk

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Bouguer &Jh Trait du navire pmtkyf[m

Complete set of principles that gov-

erned scientific naval architec-

ture vdkYqdk&avmufatmif Hydrostatics,

Hydrodynamics, Stability wdk Yud k

tus,f&Sif;jyjyD; Ship constructors

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]] pufrIawmfvSefa&;aemufydkif;rSm a&aMumif;Adokumynm[mvnf;wdk;wufvmcJhrSm ,HkrSm;zG,fr&Sdyg}}

Ko San Gyi

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Naval architecture udk Profes-

sional Adokumynm&yftjzpfpwif avhvmwJhpmtkyfudk 1610 uwnf;u ay:wl*DEdkifiHom;ocsFmynm&Sifvnf;jzpf? tif*sifeD,m wpfa,muf

vnf;jzpfwJh Joo Baptista Lavanha &Jh rx kw f a 0 j z p fw J h p mt k y fv d k Yq d k y gw, f /

pmtkyftrnfuawmh Livro primeiro

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pmtkyfrSm tckvdk&Sif;jycJhygw,f/ Naval Ar-

chitecture is that which with certain

rules teaches the building of ships,

in which one can navigate well and

conveniently. tJ'Dpmtkyfudk (20) &mpka&mufrSom;xkwfa0cJhwmyg/ 1700 jynfh0ef;usif ESpfrsm;a&mufrS 'Da0g[m&udk Oa&myEdkifiHrsm;rSm

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120

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34


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/h T

yHk(4)- c&D;ta&;twGuftvdkuf 2007 txd wnfaqmufcJhaom tNrefoGm;oabFmrsm;

txufrSm azmfNycJhwJh oabFm trdsK;tpm; awGeJU 4if;wdkU&JU aqmufvkyfrI yrmPudk MunfhNcif;tm;Nzifh

tMurfzsOf; aNymedkifwmuawmh tNrefoGm; c&D;onfwif oabFm aqmufvkyfr,fqdk&if monohull?

catamaran ferry eJU hydrofoil oabFm trsdK;tpm;awGudk t"dua&G;cs,foifhNyD;?

c&D;onfwifaqmifrI yrmPtm;Nzifh 100 - 250 Mum; avmufudk a&G;cs,f oifhygw,f/ 'Dvdk trsdK;tpm;awG[m urmrSm aqmufvkyfrItrsm;qHk;NzpfNyD;? atmifNrifpGm aNy;qGJedkifrI taumif;qHk;Nzpfw,fqdkwm udk awGU&rSmyg/

2/ Nrefrm ekdifiH NrpfwGif;oGm; tNrefoabFmrsm; twGuf external design problems NrefrmedkifiH&Sd NrpfawGrSm armif;ESif;rnfh tNrefoGm;oabFmawGtwGuf 'DZdkif;vkyf&mrSm xnfhoGif;

pOf;pm;&r,fhtcsuf wpfcsdKUudkwifNycsifygw,f/ wu,fawmh NrefrmedkifiH&Sd NrpfawGrSm a&pl;t&rf;udkedrhfaewmudk awGU&rSmyg/ edk0ifbmveJUarvawG twGif;rSmqdk&if {&m0wD Nrpf&JU a&pl;[m ododomom

udk usqif;wwfNyD; navigational length [m vnf; 10% avmuftxd usqif;wwfygw,f/ atmufuZ,m;rSm {&m0wDNrpf&JU &efukefeJU rEav;tMum; aEG&moDtedrfhqHk; a&pl;udk azmfNyxm;yg

w,f4/

Z,m;(2) - {&m0wD Nrpf{/f a&pl;uefUowfcsuf taNctae

Navigational length Yangon Hinthada Hinthada PyayPyay - Man-

dalay

Restricted depth 4 m 3.7 m 2.5 m

wu,fawmh tJavmufedrfhaewJh a&teuf rSm ( FnL>0.6) avmuf&SdwJh oabFmwpfpif; armif;zkhd

qdkwm ship design ynm&yf twGuf pdefac:rIMuD; wpfckvdkU aNym&ifrrSm;ygbl;/ tJ'DvdktaNctaerSm

tNrefoGm;oabFmwpfpif; armif;r,fqdk&if wave barrier aMumifh wave formation eJU wave

resistance [m ododomom wufvmNyD;vdkcsifwJh speed udk&zkdUqdkwm rvG,fwJh udpvnf;

Nzpfygw,f/atmufuyHkrSmawmh a&wdrfwJh NrpfawGrSm resistance aNymif;vJrIudk Nyxm;ygw,f/

[m a&teuf tuefUtowfr&SdwJh ae&mrSm NzpfaewJh resistance NzpfNyD; usefwJh ESpfckuawmha&wdrfwJ

/h T

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taNctaerSm Nzpfay:aewJh resistance curve Nzpfygw,f/ yHkrSmodomapwmuawmh a&wdrfrSm

qdk&if resistace[m ododomom MuD;udkrsm;aewmudkyg/ wpfcsdKUspeed awGrSmqdk&if resistance

hump awGudk Nzpfay:apygw,f/ tJ'DtcsdefawGrSmqdk&if rvkdtyfbJ engine power awGudk ESpfq

avmufokH;&wwfygw,f5/

yHk(5)- shallow waterwGif resistance curve aNymif;vJrI Nzpfay:aeyHk

'hgtNyif speed eJU a& teufwdrfrI aMumifh growing effect eJU trim [mvnf; ododomom

wdk;vmrSmygbJ/ wu,fawmh a&teuf[m oabFm&JU resistance? lifting forceeJU trim mo-ment awGudk ododomomudk oufa&mufaew,fqdkwm awGU&rSmyg/ 'ghtNyif critical speed udk

a&mufvmwmeJU speed aMumifh oabFm&JU acgif;ydkif;rSm pressure wufvmNyD;? aemufydkif; bufrSm

pressure u usvmygw,f/ 4if;pressure aMumihf trim at sternudk wdk;apNyD;? resistance udk

vnf;wufapwmNzpfygw,f/ 'ghtNyif interaction between hull and propeller udkvnf;

aNymif;vJ apygw,f/ a&wdrfNrpfaMumif;awG&JU critial speed udkawmh atmufyg equation eJU

wdkif;wm ekdifygw,f/

- gravitational force (9.81 m^s), h water depth (m).

Critical speed rSm vdSKif;[m omrefxuf ydkMuD;NyD; power t&rf;oHk;&um vkdtyfwJh speed

uvnf; a&mufzkdhcufcJygw,f/ critical speed ukd ausmfNzpfNyD; supercritical speed region

udk a&mufcgeD;rSmvJ speed aMumifh oabFm tay: oufa&mufaewJh hydrodynamic forcesawG

[maNymif;vJvmygw,f/ 'gaMumifh supercritical zone rSm armif;rJUoabFmawG[m oifhawmfwJh

hull linesawGeJU oifhawmfwJhprincipal dimensions? installed powerawGvdktyfygw,f/

critv gh

g

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jrermti*sie,mzk&rEpvnfpmapmia&wdrfawGrSmarmif;ESifrJU oabFmawG&JU speed zoneawGudk atmufrSmazmfNyxm;ygw,f/'D diagram

[m Nrpf&JUa&pl;teuf h eUJ oabFm&JUtvsSm; L ay: rlwnfNyD; ? aqmufvkyfr,fh oabFm&JU length

froude numberudk azmfNyxm;Ncif;Nzpfygw,f/ tNrefoGm; NrpfwGif;oGm; oabFmwdkif;twGuf 'D dia-

gram ay:rlwnfNyD; rdrdaqmufvkyfrnfh oabFm speed udk a&G;cs,f&rSmNzpfygw,f6.

yHk(6)- Speed zones: I subcritical; II supercritical; III unfavorable super-

critical

wpfcsdefwnf; rSmbJodoifhwmu a&teufudkvkdufNyD; speed uefUowfcsufukdyg/ oabFmarmif;

olaum? designeruyg vdkufem&rnfh speed udk atmufu equation eJU azmfNyxm;ygw,f/ a&

teufudkvdkufNyD; 4if; speed xufausmf rarmif;oifhovkd? design vnf;rvkyfoifhygbl;/

(3)

yxrqHk; taeeJU a&wdrfwJh NrpfawGrSm high speed shipwpfpif;udk design vkyfr,fqdk&if pOf;pm;

&rSmuawmh a&Murf;NyifeJU oabFm Keel Mum; tuGm;ta0;yJ Nzpfygw,f/

The relative under keel clearance of the vessel is defined as:

(4)

where minimum under-keel clearance of the vessel in operation,(m)0 under keel clearance of the vessel when stopping,(m).

qdk&if under-keel clearance of the vessel in operation [m depth of water

while stopping eJU nDaerSNzpfNyD;? qdk&ifawmh oabFm[m Murf;NyifeJUxdaew,fvdkUqdkygw,f/ de-

signerwpfa,muf[m twwfedkifqHk; under keel clearance udkrsm;rsm;xm;zkdhvkdtyfygw,f/

lim0.55v gh

E0

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jrermti*sie,mzk&rEpvnfpmapmitJ'gaMumifh NrpfwGif;oGm; oabFmawG&JUa&pl;udk pOfpm;r,fqdk&if t"dutm;Nzifh atmufygOya'o udkvkdufem&yghr,f/

(5)

- qdkwm Nrpf&JU limitation water depthNzpfygw,f/

NrpfwGif;oGm; oabFmawG&JU Free board height eJU superstructure height

[mvnf;armif; ESifr,fh ae&may:rlwnfNyD; pOf;pm;&r,fh tcsufwpfcktNzpf yg0ifygw,f/ 4if;pa-

rameter awG[m a&vrf;aMumif;rSm&SdwJh oHwm;awG&JU tNrifh? NrpfawG tay:uoG,fwef;xm;wJh

vsSyfppf MudK;awG tay:rlwnfNyD; xnfhoGif; pOf;pm;&r,fh tcsufawGtNzpfyg0ifygw,f/ 'hgtNyif

NrpfusOf;awG&JU tus,fudk vdkufNyD;awmhvnf; oabFm&JUt"duparameter wpfckNzpfwJh breadth

(B)[mvnf; uefUowfcsuf wpfcktaeeJU yg0ifygw,f? 'gudkvnf; designeru udk,fhaqmufr,fh

a&vrf;aMumif; taNc taeay: rlwnfNyD; pOf;pm; oifhygw,f/

atmufuyHkrSmoHwm;wpfck&JU tNrihfeJUtus,fudk vdkufNyD;pOf;pm;&r,fhparameter awGudkNyxm;

ygw,f/

yHk(7)- oHwm;wpfcktm; oabFm vGyfvyfpGm armif;ESif;edkif&ef

oabFmwpfpif; oHwm;wpfpif;udk Nzpf&mrSm design point of viewrSm tpOfaNypGm Nzwfoef;edkif&efatmufygtwdkif; qHk;Nzwf&rSmNzpfygw,f/

(6)

vSdKif;xaewJh NrpftwGif; rSm qdk&if(7)

limT h

limh

( )

h

0.12B

h

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- qdkwm vdSKif;&JU tNrifh (meter)Nzpfygw,f/ 'ghtNyif rdrd armif;ESifrJh NrpfaMumif;eJU? ywf0efusifudkvnf; xnfhoGif;pOf;pm; zkdhvdkygw,f?

qdkvdkwmu a&;pDEIef; yrmP? a&pDaMumif;eJUtwl opfwkH;pwnfh rmausmwJh t&mawGarsmygvmrI?

&moDOwktvdkuf avwdkufeSef; taNctae? vdSKif;yrmP? 0J*,uf wdkU&JU taNctaepwnfh tcsufawGudk designerwpfa,muf[m xnfhoGif;pOf;pm; zkdUtxl;vdktyfygw,f/

3/ NrpfwGif;tNrefoGm; oabFmrsm;twGuf internal design problems

a&wdrfoGm; tNrefoGm; oabFmawG&JU t"du Nyomemuawmh vdktyfwJh speed udk

r&Ncif;ygbJ/ vkdtyfwJh speedudk &zkdhtwGuf vdktyfwJh hull formtrsdK;tpm;? parameterawG

udk *&kwpdkuf a&G;cs,fzkdUvdktyfygw,f/ Oyrmtm;Nzifh monohull wpfpif;udk pOf;pm;r,fqdk&if

udk,fxnf&JU aemufykdif; transom stern udkt"duxm; design vkyfzkdUvdkygw,f/ transom

plate udk tenf;i,f 3-4 'D*&D avmuapmif;Ncif;tm;Nzifh resistance udk 15% avmufavsSmhusapygw,f/ wpfcsdefwnf;rSmyJ growing effect udkvnf; xnfhoGif;pOfpm;oifhygw,f/ optimize

NzpfwJh design wpfck&zdkUtwGuf compromise vkyfoifhwmawG[m designer tay:rSmrlwnfaeygw,f/

Hull form yHkpHudka&G;cs,fwJh tcsdefrSmvnf; construction point of view uvnf;

pOfpm;NyD; a&G;cs,foifhygw,f/ NrpfwGif;oabFmawGtwGuf twwfedkifqHk; light weight udkavsSmhcs

edkifzkdhvnf;vdkygw,f/ construction material udkayghedkiforQ ayghatmifpOf;pm;NyD; ship dis-

placementudk avsmhcsedkiforQavsSmhcs&ygr,f/ NrpfwGif;oGm; oabFmawGtwGuf

free board

height [mrsm;zdkh rvkdovdk? superstructure udkvnf; twwfedkifqHk; ayghatmifpOf;pm;oifhygw,f/

rnfhonfh design rqdk external design eJU udkufnDzdkU qdk&ifvdktyfwJh experiment

vkyfudk vkyfoifhygw,f/ first step t& tmvHk;eJUudkufnDrI&SdwJh hull form wpfck&vmNyD qdkay

r,fhvnf; model aqmufum test tank udk toHk;NyKNyD;vdktyfwJh experiment awGvkyfudkvkyf

oifhygw,f/ b,favmufNynfhpHkwJhFormula awGNzpfNzpf test tank result avmuf rSefuefrI

r&SdNcif;aMumifhNzpfygw,f/ aemufxyfta&;MuD;wJh tcsufuawmhpropeller

a&G;cs,frI tydkif;yg/ t&rf;udk a&teuf wdrfwJhae&mawGrSm design vkyf&awmhr,f qdk&if designer wpfa,muf[m

b,fvdkpropellerrsdK;udka&G;rvJ qdkwmygbJ/ propellerwpfckvHk; a&xJrSm&SdaerS omvsSif effec-

tive tNynfh&rSmyg/ wu,fvdkU a&teuf 1.5 rDwm avmuf&SdwJh NrpfqdkygpdkU/ &Sd&r,fh propeller di-

ameter[m yg/ tJ'gqdk&if oabFma&pl;eJU waterbed tuGmta0;[m propellerwpfck effec-

tive Nzpfzkdh twGuf vHkavmufrI&Sdekdifyghrvm;/ 'hgtNyif t&rf;udk speed NrefvmwJh tcsdefrSm oabFm

[m tenf;i,f aemufudkxdkifvmr,fqdk&if vdktyfwJh force udk&zkdh wyfqifxm;wJh propeller u

effective Nzpfzkdh vdkygw,f/ &dk;&dk;blade propellerawG roHk;bJ water jet propeller awG

Bh

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jrermti*sie,mzk&rEpvnfpmapmi oHk;r,fqdk&if 'DNyomemu aNz&Sif;edkifoavmuf&Sdygw,f/ 'gayr,fhvnf; water jet propeller

wpfck[m ol&JU effective powertNynfh&zkdUqdk&iftenf;qHk; knots avmuf&Sdzkdhvkdygw,f/ qdkvdk

wmu wpfem&Drkdif 20 ausmf armif;aewJh tcsdefrSom effective NzpfrSmNzpfNyD; olUxufavsSmhenf;wJh

speed rSmqdk&if vdktyfoavmuf effective rNzpfNyefygbl;/txufrSm aNymcJhovdkyJ designer

wpfa,muf[moptimum design

wpfckudk&zkdhcompromise

vkyfzkdUvJ vdktyfygw,f/ xyfNyD; wifNycsifwmuawmh 'DvdkrsdK;omrefxuf rwlwJh condition awGrSm propeller [mvnf;t&rf;

ta&;MuD;wJh ae&muyg0ifygw,f/'gaMumifhpropellerudkvnf; oD;oefU design vkyfNyD;propel-

ler test awGrSm prf;oyfNyD;rSom oHk;oifhygw,f/ aemufxyf a&wdrftNrefoGm;oabFm aqmufvkyf&mrSm r&SdrNzpf xnfhoGif;pOf;pm;&r,f htcsuf

awGuawmh External wave impact of high-speed vessels on environment

Nzpfygw,f/ speed NrefvmwmeJUtrsS oabFmuaevdSKif;awG xGufvmygw,f/tJ'D ship-generated

waves awGaMumifh ab;emrSm oGm;vmaewJh oabFmtao;awG? avSawG? barges awG? udk arSmuf

apNyD;? Nrpfuef;eH&HawG? a&umwmawGudk ysufqD;apygw,f/ 'gUtNyif t&rf;MuD;rm;wJh ship-

generated wavesaMumifh urf;aNcrSmxdkifaewJh vlawGudkyg aoapedkifwJhtxd Nzpfwwfygw,f/tJ'D

waves awG[m oabFm&JU energy aMumifhNzpfvmwmNzpfNyD; if;udkatmufygtwdkif; wGufcsufedkif

ygw,f/

(8)

where - total energy of wave, - wave height, - wavelength, - density of

water and - gravitational force.

teD;pyfqHk; 4if; energy udk atmufygtwdkif; wGufcsufedkifygw,f/

(9)

where - wave period.

Mathematically Munfhr,fqdk&if 4if; energy [mpropulsion powereJU oufqdkif

rI&Sdygw,f/ qkdvdkwmu

(10)

where total resistance of high speed ships, - ship speed, - propul-

sive effi- ciency. tJ'Dawmh design process twGif;rSm designer [m

designed speedrSmyJpowerudk enf;edkiforQenf;atmif vkyfoifhygw,f/ powerenf;avav?

energy udkvnf; avsSmhcsEdkifav Nzpfygw,f/ 'hgtNyif design processtwGif; model test udk

toHk;NyKNyD;Nzpfap? experimental results awGuNzpfapoabFmuxGufwJh vdSKif;udkwdkif;wm oifhygw,f/

2hwE g8

2 2E 1960h

w

RVsPs

R Vs

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jrermti*sie,mzk&rEpvnfpmapmi/qdkvdkwm u designed speedwpfckrSm &SdaewJh oabFmu xGufvmwJh vSdKif;udk 10 rDwm?20 rDwm?

30 rDwm ponfNzifh trSwfrsm;xm;NyD; vdSKif;tNrifheJUvdSKif; speed udkwdkif;wmoifhygw,f/ rdrd de-

sign vkyfr,fh oabFm trsdK;tpm;? armif;r,fh ae&m a'oudk vkdufNyD;? 4if; vdSKif;tNrifhudk wGufcsuf-

NyD;? criteria wpfck taeeJU design process rSmxnfhoGif; pOf;pm; &ygr,f/ oabFmuxGufr,fh

vdSKif;tNrifhonf 4if;oabFm Nzpfoef;oGm;onfh ae&mrS 20 rDwmtuGmwGif 0.3 rDwmtNrifhxufrMuD;oifhygbl;/

ed*Hk; txufrSm azmfNycJhwmawGuawmh NrefrmedkifiH&JU NrpfwGif;oGm; c&D;onfwif oabFm

wnfaqmufa&; twGuf b,fvdk oabFmrdsK;awG vkdtyfaew,f qdkwmeJU 4if; oabFmawG

aqmufr,fqdk&if vdktyfr,fh design criteriaawGNzpfygw,f/ wu,fawmh oabFmwpfpif;udk de-

sign vkyfw,fqdkwm vG,fulwJhudp r[kwfygbl;/ txufrSm azmfNycJhwmawG[m tenf;i,fomNzpfNyD;aemufxyf trsm;MuD; xnfhoGif;pOfpm;bdkU vkdtyfygw,f/

Silence

usrf;udk;pm&if;

1. IMO High-Speed Craft Code (1995). London.

2. Logachev S.I., Chugunov V.V. (2001) The shipbuilding of the world:

current state and prospects razvitiya.-SPb.: Shipbuilding. ().3. Yin Htun, Ye Thet Htun, Phyo Zaw Hein(2008) Design problems of

high speed passenger ships in Union of Myanmar, Super FAST 2008, July 2-

4, 2008, Saint-Petersburg, Russia.

4. Than. C (2004) ; Symposium and Publication on Maritime & Water-

ways Kuala Lumpur,October, Malaysia.

5. Pechenok.A.B.(2006) Mathematical modeling for flow of ship hull at

shallow water.Moscow.

6. Basin.A.M, Velednitskiy.I.O, Lyahovitskiy.A.G. (1976) Ship Hydrody-

namics in shallow water, sudostroenie, L, 320p. ( ).

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wpf eJY wpf aygif;&if b,favmuf&vJ ... uGefawmhf &Jh tHhMoMunfh ... yg;pyfta[mif;om; ...

ig ar;aew,fav ... wpf eJY wpf aygif;&if b,favmuf&vJ ... vdkY ...

tm;vkH;&Jh a0g ueJ&,foHawG ... uGefawmhrsufeSmwpfckvkH; xlylNyD;rsufvkH;awGa00g;vmw,f...twef;om;awGudk vSnfhMunfhvdkufawmh tm;vkH;u uGefawmf eJY q&m udkyJpdkufMunfhaeMuw,f ... olwdkYtMunfhawGu t&,f&qkH;jyufvkH;wpfck rsufpda&SUrSm awGYae&ovdk ...

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