final ngo project
TRANSCRIPT
Report on Community Service
Submitted To: -
Date: -
Submitted by: - Students of MBA (AU - B) Group – 8
(Working with Hug Human)
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hug human Welfare & charitable trust
No creed…. No cast
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COMMUNITY SERVICE
Community service is a donated service or activity that is performed by
someone or a group of people for the benefit of the public or its
institutions. Volunteers may provide community service, however, not
everyone who provides community service is seen as a volunteer, because
some people who provide community service are not doing it of their own
free will; they are compelled to do so by: their government as a part of
citizenship requirements, in lieu of military service.
The courts, in lieu of, or in addition to, other criminal justice
sanctions;
Their school, to meet the requirements of a class, such as in the
case of service learning or to meet the requirements of graduation,
or, in the case of parents, required to provide a certain number of
hours of service in order for their child to be enrolled in a school or
sports team.
There are also people providing community service who receive some
form of compensation in return for their year of commitment to public
service, such as AmeriCorps in the USA (who are called members rather
than volunteers).
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YOUTH COMMUNITY SERVICE
Community services performed by youth is also referred to as youth
service. Youth service is intended to strengthen young peoples' senses of
civic engagement and community, and to help them achieve their
educational, developmental and social goals.
Youth service hours and/or projects is often required for advancement,
e.g. for a Scout to advance to the next rank or for a high school student to
graduate.
Service learning is the deliberate connection of community service to
stated learning goals. A common misconception among educators, youth
workers, and young people is the notion that service learning can be
assigned. Several experts[who?] attest to the necessity of engaging youth in
deliberating, planning, implementing, and reflecting on their community
service, thereby sustaining high-quality service learning. This is intended
to make community service an effective learning tool.
Example Community Service Projects
Cleaning a park.
Collecting items for charity such as clothes, food, or furniture.
Getting involved with Habitat for Humanity
Cleaning roadside verges.
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Helping the elderly in nursing homes.
Helping the local fire or police service.
Helping out at a local library.
NGO
A non-governmental organization (NGO) is a legally constituted
organization created by natural or legal persons that operates
independently from any government. In the cases in which NGOs are
funded totally or partially by governments, the NGO maintains its non-
governmental status by excluding government representatives from
membership in the organization. The term is usually applied only to
organizations that pursue some wider social aim that has political aspects,
but that are not overtly political organizations such as political parties.
Unlike the term "intergovernmental organization", the term "non-
governmental organization" has no generally agreed legal definition. In
many jurisdictions, these types of organization are called "civil society
organizations" or referred to by other names.
The number of internationally operating NGOs is estimated at 40,000.
National numbers are even higher: Russia has 277,000 NGOs India is
estimated to have around 1-2 million NGOs.
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There are also numerous classifications of NGOs. The typology the
World Bank uses divides them into Operational and Advocacy:
The primary purpose of an operational NGO is the design and
implementation of development-related projects. One frequently used
categorization is the division into relief-oriented versus development-
oriented organizations; they can also be classified according to whether
they stress service delivery or participation; or whether they are religious
or secular; and whether they are more public or private-oriented.
Operational NGOs can be community-based, national or international.
The primary purpose of an Advocacy NGO is to defend or promote a
specific cause. As opposed to operational project management, these
organizations typically try to raise awareness, acceptance and knowledge
by lobbying, presswork and activist events.
Public relations: - Non-governmental organizations need healthy
relationships with the public to meet their goals. Foundations and
charities use sophisticated public relations campaigns to raise funds and
employ standard lobbying techniques with governments. Interest groups
may be of political importance because of their ability to influence social
and political outcomes. The World Association of Non Governmental
NGOs established a code of ethics in 2002.
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ABOUT THE ORGANIZATION
Hug human the charitable trust has been founded with sole objects and
motive to awake the sleeping consciousness of the society who does not
feel their social accountabilities towards his siblings being outcaste from
the main stream of the social life, causing degradation of human values at
par, along with the majority sections of our society facing such hardships
with their life causing them to brig at the apex of the mental imbalances,
frustrations and depression.
Viewing the forgoing issues like the outcaste of communities like slum
dwellers, beggars, prostitutes, imbecile etc the organization has decided
to secure and restore the human values by asking the government organs
to bring about certain changes in the constitution of the country to
implement the compulsory provision to secure 100% security of food,
shelter, cloth, medicine, education for every citizen of the country
without any compromise with any other issues directly, indirectly related
to our lives.
They are also contributing their project to check the growing suicidal
tendencies of the so called people causing financial pressure of the day to
day existence of the life as well as other pressures created out of the
undesirable philosophy of the social life.
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The organization is also planning to meet the contingent needs of an
individual, facing a hardship, going beyond an individuals control to
restore it by a committee of experts to look after the day to day problems
of common person of the society.
Aims and objectives of the organization: -
The aims and objects for which the trust is established are as under.
To establish and maintain adult education center with a motive to
provide free education to the illiterate adults.
To promote education among poor and deserving students by way
of grant of scholarship and by providing books and uniform to the
students.
To encourage and promote vocational courses among the poor.
To extend financial assistance to poor and destitute women.
To assist women from economically weak background to take up
self-employment venture.
To work towards abolition of child labor especially involving girls
child.
To provide financial assistance for physically and mentally
challenged children and women.
To provide education/help to the physically and mentally
challenged children and women.
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To organize and arrange Mass marriage (NIKHA) for poor and
needy persons of the society.
To organize mass Circumcision camps to the poor children of the
society.
The trust has been created for charitable purposes within the meaning of
the income tax Act, 1961, and the objective of the trust are to afford relief
and to render services to the poor, to promote educational and social
services for the benefit of the public without any commercial or profit
motive and without restriction of any religious, caste, creed and
community.
For the promotion of spiritual, physical mental, educational
development and uplift of adults and children of all ages without
any distinction of caste, creed or religion and in the interest of
making in general. To aid or establish, take over or collaborate
with any institution or school, college, association, center for
spiritual health, disabled, aged orphan, child labor and poor women
for their educational and total rehabilitation, to establish any
institution or society for the welfare of victims of natural calamities
and or to provide food and shelter to any needy person or persons
from time to time
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Project done by Hug Human
Child Abuse:
Many of the street children who have run away from home have done so
because they were beaten or sexually abused. Tragically, their
homelessness can lead to further abuse through exploitative child labor
and prostitution.
Refuse to speak for months. To aggravate matters, children often feel
guilty and blame themselves for their mistreatment. Such damage can
take years to recover from in even the most loving of environments; on
the streets it may never heal.
A large proportion of the boys and girls in Hug Human ’s homes have
suffered abuse. In addition to fulfilling their material needs, we seek to
provide a warm and caring atmosphere. Our vocational centres, too, are
safe, fun places where children gain confidence and self-esteem. We run
a help line for children in need, and, unusual amongst Indian NGOs, we
employ male and female full-time counsellors to support our children’s
emotional development
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Child Labor:
Most Indian street children work. In Jaipur, a common job is rag-picking,
in which boys and girls as young as 6 years old sift through garbage in
order to collect recyclable material. The children usually rise before dawn
and carry their heavy load in a large bag over their shoulder. Rag-pickers
can be seen alongside pigs and dogs searching through trash heaps on
their hands and knees. Other common jobs are the collecting of firewood,
tending to animals, street vending, dyeing, begging, prostitution and
domestic labor. Children that work are not only subject to the strains and
hazards of their labor, but are also denied the education or training that
could enable them to escape the poverty trap.
Hug Human provides non-formal street schools to ensure that working
children get at least a basic education. We nurture community support for
our schools and seek to mainstream suitable children into the government
education system. We also provide popular and practical vocational
training where older children can learn skills while also earning some
money.
HIV AIDS
The HIV/AIDS rate amongst Indian adults is 0.7% and so has not yet
reached the epidemic rates experienced in Southern Africa. However, this
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still represents 5 million people, or about 1 in 7 in of those in the world
who have the disease. The rate amongst children is lower, but because
street children are far more sexually active than their Indian peers and
because many are even prostitutes they are thus hugely at risk of
contracting the disease. AIDS awareness, testing and treatment exist, but
less so for street children than other demographic groups.
Hug Human provides nutrition, medical treatment, plus hygiene and
reproductive health education to 1250 children in our street schools and
homes. We run an AIDS awareness program targeting an additional 500
at-risk children. We also operate a Shower Bus that regularly visits street
points and offers on-the-spot showers and cleansing products. We employ
several full-time nurses and have relationships with hospitals that are
willing to treat our children for free. Hug Human also provides education
on tracking malnutrition to local staff in 233 village health centres,
benefiting 33,000 rural children.
Poverty:
Poverty is the prime cause of the street Human crisis. People from well-
off families do not need to work, or beg. They live in houses, eat well, go
to school, and are likely to be healthy and emotionally secure. Poverty
dumps a crowd of problems onto a family. Not only do these problems
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cause suffering, but they also conspire to keep the child poor throughout
his/her life. In order to survive, a poor in India will probably be forced to
sacrifice education and training; without skills the child will, as an adult,
remain at the bottom of the economic heap.
The root causes of poverty are beyond a single NGO’s power to change,
but Hug Human believes in helping where it can. Street schools provide
some education, as does mainstreaming of children into government
schools and offering scholarships to private schools. Vocational training
centre are a pragmatic, but powerful, tool to assist children in escaping
the poverty trap. Children at these centers learn skills such as jewellery
making and tailoring which can prove more valuable to them than
additional formal schooling. The money children earn at the centers
Alleviates some of their poverty, and encourages the child and his/her
parents to choose vocational training over child labor. Hug Human has
also been active in promoting Child Rights.
Homelessness:
Street population in India may be homeless because their family is
homeless through poverty or migration, or because they have been
abandoned, orphaned or have run away. It is not unusual to see whole
families living on the sidewalks of Jaipur, or rows of individual person
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sleeping around the railway station.
Homeless population has the odds stacked against them. They are
exposed to the elements, have an uncertain supply of food, are likely miss
out on education and medical treatment, and are at high risk of suffering
addiction, abuse and illness. A single person alone on the streets is
especially vulnerable.
Hug Human prioritizes homeless street people. For them we provide:
repatriation to their families, temporary and permanent shelter, street
schools, vocational training, nutrition, medical treatment, shower
facilities, AIDS awareness and a help line.
Education to poor children
Hug Human works as a catalyst to change the lives of underprivileged
children and youth and give them a better future. Through more than 100
educations, healthcare, livelihood and girl child oriented programmes
spread throughout India, the Foundation facilitates individuals,corporate
and institutions to invest in social initiatives aimed at the welfare of poor
and needy children.
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NATURAL DISASTERS
A natural disaster is the consequence of a natural hazard.(e.g. volcanic
eruption, earth quake, and landslide) which moves from potential in to an
active phase, and as a result affects human activities.
Human vulnerability, exacerbated by the lack of planning or lack of
appropriate emergency management, leads to financial, structural, and
human losses. The resulting loss depends on the capacity of the
population to support or resist the disaster, their resilience. This
understanding is concentrated in the formulation: “disasters occur when
hazards meet vulnerability“.
A natural hazard will hence never result in a natural disaster in areas
without vulnerability, e.g. strong earthquakes in uninhabited areas. The
term natural has consequently been disputed because the events simply
are not hazards or disasters without human involvement.
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INDIA
Natural disasters in India, many of them related to the climate of India,
cause massive losses of Indian life and property. Droughts, flash floods,
cyclones, avalanches, landslides brought on by torrential rains, and
snowstorms pose the greatest threats. Other dangers include frequent
summer dust storms, which usually track from north to south; they cause
extensive property damage in North India[1] and deposit large amounts of
dust from arid regions. Hail is also common in parts of India, causing
severe damage to standing crops such as rice and wheat.
Landslides are common in the Lower Himalayas. The young age of the
region's hills result in labile rock formations, which are susceptible to
slippages. Rising population and development pressures, particularly
from logging and tourism, cause deforestation. The result is denuded
hillsides which exacerbate the severity of landslides, since tree cover
impedes the downhill flow of water.[2] Parts of the Western Ghats also
suffer from low-intensity landslides. Avalanches occurrences are
common in Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, and Sikkim.
Floods are the most common natural disaster in India. The heavy
southwest monsoon rains cause the Brahmaputra and other rivers to
distend their banks, often flooding surrounding areas. Though they
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provide rice paddy farmers with a largely dependable source of natural
irrigation and fertilization, the floods can kill thousands and displace
millions. Excess, erratic, or untimely monsoon rainfall may also wash
away or otherwise ruin crops. Almost all of India is flood- prone, and
extreme precipitation events, such as flash floods and torrential rains,
have become increasingly common in central India over the past several
decades, coinciding with rising temperatures. Mean annual precipitation
totals have remained steady due to the declining frequency of weather
systems that generate moderate amounts of rain.
Natural hazards:
Natural hazards are natural events that threaten lives, property, and other
assets. Often, natural hazards can be predicted. They tend to occur
repeatedly in the same geographical locations because they are related to
weather patterns or physical characteristics of an area.
Natural hazards such as flood, fire, earthquake, tornado, and
windstorms affect thousands of people every year. We need to know
what our risks are from natural hazards and take sensible precautions to
protect our families, our communities, and ourselves.
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Here is the list of some natural hazards: -
Floods
Tornadoes
Hurricanes
Thunderstorms and Lightning
Winter Storms and Extreme Cold
Extreme Heat
Earthquakes
Volcanoes
Landslide and Debris Flow (Mudslide)
Tsunamis
Fires
Wildfires
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Ten deadliest natural disasters
Rank Event Location DateDeath Toll
(Estimate)
1.1931 China
floodsChina
July, November,
1931
1,000,000–2,500,000*[1]
2.1887 Yellow River flood
ChinaSeptember,
October, 1887900,000–
2,000,000[2]
3.1556 Shaanxi
earthquake
Shaanxi Province,
China
January 23, 1556
830,000[3]
4.1970 Bhola
cyclone
East Pakistan (now
Bangladesh)
November 13, 1970
500,000[1]
5.1839 India Cyclone
IndiaNovember 25,
1839300,000[citation needed]
6.526 Antioch earthquake
Antioch, Turkey
May 526 250,000-300,000
7.2010 Haiti earthquake
Port-au-Prince, Haiti
January 12, 2010
250,000[4]
8.1976 Tangshan
earthquakeTangshan,
Hebei, ChinaJuly 28, 1976 242,419[1]
9.1920 Haiyuan
earthquake
Haiyuan, Ningxia-
Gansu, China
December 16, 1920
234,117[1]
10.2004 Indian
Ocean Tsunami
Southeast Asia, South
Asia, Arabian Peninsula, East Africa
December 26, 2004
230,210
Flood:
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Flood effects can be local, impacting a neighborhood or community, or
very large, affecting entire river basins and multiple states.
However, all floods are not alike. Some floods develop slowly,
sometimes over a period of days. But flash floods can develop quickly,
sometimes in just a few minutes and without any visible signs of rain.
Flash floods often have a dangerous wall of roaring water that carries
rocks, mud, and other debris and can sweep away most things in its path.
Overland flooding occurs outside a defined river or stream, such as when
a levee is breached, but still can be destructive. Flooding can also occur
when a dam breaks, producing effects similar to flash floods.
FLOODS: MUMBAI FLOOD OCCURRED ON 26TH JULY, 2005
BECAUSE OF HEAVY MONSOONS, KILLING AROUND 1000
PEOPLE AND LEAVING MANY WITHOUT HOMES.
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During the Flood
If a flood is likely in your area, you should:
Listen to the radio or television for information.
Be aware that flash flooding can occur. If there is any possibility of
a flash flood, move immediately to higher ground. Do not wait for
instructions to move.
Be aware of streams, drainage channels, canyons, and other areas
known to flood suddenly. Flash floods can occur in these areas
with or without such typical warnings as rain clouds or heavy rain.
If you must prepare to evacuate, you should do the following:
Secure your home. If you have time, bring in outdoor furniture.
Move essential items to an upper floor.
Turn off utilities at the main switches or valves if instructed to do
so. Disconnect electrical appliances. Do not touch electrical
equipment if you are wet or standing in water.
If you have to leave your home, remember these evacuation tips:
Do not walk through moving water. Six inches of moving water
can make you fall. If you have to walk in water, walk where the
water is not moving. Use a stick to check the firmness of the
ground in front of you.
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Do not drive into flooded areas. If floodwaters rise around your
car, abandon the car and move to higher ground if you can do so
safely. You and the vehicle can be quickly swept away.
The following are important points to remember when driving in
flood conditions:
Six inches of water will reach the bottom of most passenger cars
causing loss of control and possible stalling.
A foot of water will float many vehicles.
Two feet of rushing water can carry away most vehicles including
sport utility vehicles (SUV’s) and pick-ups.
After a Flood
The following are guidelines for the period following a flood:
Listen for news reports to learn whether the community’s water
supply is safe to drink.
Avoid floodwaters; water may be contaminated by oil, gasoline, or
raw sewage. Water may also be electrically charged from
underground or downed power lines.
Avoid moving water.
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Be aware of areas where floodwaters have receded. Roads may
have weakened and could collapse under the weight of a car.
Stay away from downed power lines, and report them to the power
company.
Return home only when authorities indicate it is safe.
Stay out of any building if it is surrounded by floodwaters.
Use extreme caution when entering buildings; there may be hidden
damage, particularly in foundations.
Service damaged septic tanks, cesspools, pits, and leaching systems
as soon as possible. Damaged sewage systems are serious health
hazards.
Clean and disinfect everything that got wet. Mud left from
floodwater can contain sewage and chemicals.
Tornado: -
A tornado is a natural disaster resulting from a thunderstorm. Tornadoes
are violent, rotating columns of air which can blow at speeds between 50
and 300 mph, and possibly higher. Tornadoes can occur one at a time, or
can occur in large tornado outbreaks along squall lines or in other large
areas of thunderstorm development. Waterspouts are tornadoes occurring
over tropical waters in light rain conditions.
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Cyclones
Tropical cyclones, which are severe storms spun off from the
Intertropical Convergence Zone, may affect thousands of Indians living in
the coastal regions. Tropical cyclogenesis is particularly common in the
northern reaches of the Indian Ocean in and around the Bay of Bengal.
Cyclones bring with them heavy rains, storm surges, and winds that often
cut affected areas off from relief and supplies. In the North Indian Ocean
Basin, the cyclone season runs from April to December, with peak
activity between May and November.[6] Each year, an average of eight
storms with sustained wind speeds greater than 63 kilometers per hour
(39 mph) form; of these, two strengthen into true tropical cyclones, which
have sustained gusts greater than 117 kilometers per hour (73 mph). On
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average, a major (Category 3 or higher) cyclone develops every other
year.[6][7]
During summer, the Bay of Bengal is subject to intense heating, giving
rise to humid and unstable air masses that produce cyclones. Many
powerful cyclones, including the 1737 Calcutta cyclone, the 1970 Bhola
cyclone, and the 1991 Bangladesh cyclone, have led to widespread
devastation along parts of the eastern coast of India and neighboring
Bangladesh. Widespread death and property destruction are reported
every year in exposed coastal states such as Andhra Pradesh, Orissa,
Tamil Nadu, and West Bengal. India's western coast, bordering the more
placid Arabian Sea, experiences cyclones only rarely; these mainly strike
Gujarat and, less frequently, Kerala.
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In terms of damage and loss of life, Cyclone 05B, a super cyclone that
struck Orissa on 29 October 1999, was the worst in more than a quarter-
century. With peak winds of 160 miles per hour (257 km/h), it was the
equivalent of a Category 5 hurricane.[8] Almost two million people were
left homeless;[9] another 20 million people lives were disrupted by the
cyclone.[9] Officially, 9,803 people died from the storm;[8] unofficial
estimates place the death toll at over 10,100.[9]
Droughts
Indian agriculture is heavily dependent on the monsoon as a source of
water. In some parts of India, the failure of the monsoons result in water
shortages, resulting in below-average crop yields. This is particularly true
of major drought-prone regions such as southern and eastern
Maharashtra, northern Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, Orissa, Gujarat, and
Rajasthan. In the past, droughts have periodically led to major Indian
famines, including the Bengal famine of 1770, in which up to one third of
the population in affected areas died; the 1876–1877 famine, in which
over five million people died; the 1899 famine, in which over 4.5 million
died; and the Bengal famine of 1943, in which over five million died
from starvation and famine-related illnesses.[10][11]
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All such episodes of severe drought correlate with El Niño-Southern
Oscillation (ENSO) events.[12][13] El Niño-related droughts have also been
implicated in periodic declines in Indian agricultural output.[14]
Nevertheless, ENSO events that have coincided with abnormally high sea
surfaces temperatures in the Indian Ocean—in one instance during 1997
and 1998 by up to 3 °C (5 °F)—have resulted in increased oceanic
evaporation, resulting in unusually wet weather across India. Such
anomalies have occurred during a sustained warm spell that began in the
1990s. A contrasting phenomenon is that, instead of the usual high
pressure air mass over the southern Indian Ocean, an ENSO-related
oceanic low pressure convergence center forms; it then continually pulls
dry air from Central Asia, desiccating India during what should have been
the humid summer monsoon season. This reversed air flow causes India's
droughts. The extent that an ENSO event raises sea surface temperatures
in the central Pacific Ocean influences the degree of drought.[
Earthquake: -
An earthquake is a phenomenon that results from a sudden release of
stored energy that radiates seismic waves. At the Earth’s surface,
earthquakes may manifest themselves by a shaking or displacement of the
ground and sometimes tsunamis. 90% of all earthquakes – and 81% of the
largest – occur around the 40,000km long Pacific Ring of Fire, which
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roughly bounds the Pacific Plate. Many earthquakes happen each day,
few of which are large enough to cause significant damage. Some of the
most significant earthquakes in recent times include:
· The 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake, the second largest
earthquake in recorded history, registering a moment
magnitude of 9.3. The huge tsunamis triggered by this
earthquake cost the lives of at least 229,000 people.
· The 7.6-7.7 2005 Kashmir earthquake, which cost 79,000 lives
in Pakistan.
The 7.7 magnitude July 2006 Java earthquake, which also triggered
tsunamis.
EARTHQUAKE ZONES IN INDIA
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EARTHQUAKE:ON 26TH JANUARY 2001, AN EARTHQUAKE OF
INTENSITY 6.9 OCCURED IN BHUJ WHICH KILLED AROUND
13,000 PEOPLE AND INJURED 1.67 LAKH PEOPLE. ABOUT 1.97
CRORE OF POPULATION SPREAD OVER 21 DISTRICTS HAD
BEEN AFFECTED.
Tsunamis: -
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Tsunamis (pronounced soo-ná-mees), The word comes from Japanese
words “津波 ” meaning harbor and wave also known as seismic sea
waves (mistakenly called “tidal waves”), are a series of enormous
waves created by an underwater disturbance such as an earthquake,
landslide, volcanic eruption, or meteorite. A tsunami can move
hundreds of miles per hour in the open ocean and smash into land with
waves as high as 100 feet or more.
From the area where the tsunami originates, waves travel outward in
all directions. Once the wave approaches the shore, it builds in height.
The topography of the coastline and the ocean floor will influence the
size of the wave. There may be more than one wave and the
succeeding one may be larger than the one before. That is why a small
tsunami at one beach can be a giant wave a few miles away.
The highest Tsunami ever recorded was estimated to be of 524m
(1742 ft.) vertical run-up on July 10, 1958,in Lituya Bay, Alaska.
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TSUNAMIS: A KILLER TSUNAMI HIT 11 SOUTH EASTERN
ASIAN COUNTRIES ON THE 26TH OF DECEMBER 2004
KILLING MORE THAN 1,50,000 PRECIOUS LIVES.THAT
WAS OF THE BIGGEST HIT IN 40 YEARS
It was allquiet on the waterfront on the Sunday morning after
Christmas in 2004 at Kanyakumari, the famous Marina Beach in
Chennai and elsewhere on the Kerala coast and Andaman Nicober
Islands. There was the excitement of a holyday with an offbeat mood
with swarms of people on the sea front: children playing cricket and
man and women on their morning work at the Marina. Elsewhere,
fishermen were putting out to sea for the day’s catch. Then all on a
sudden, a curious thing happened. The holidaymakers at Kanyakumari
were awestruck when the sea receded from the shores.
In the present tsunami, India was the third country severely battered
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after Indonesia and Srilanka. In India the State severely affected by
tsunami are Tamilnadu, Pondicheri, Andhra Pradesh, Kerala and
Andaman and Nicober Island. The following Table.1 shows the
average scenario of tsunami devastation in the respective areas. The
data relating to the Andaman and Nicober are yet to be assessed.
Tsunami damage in India 1
FactorAndhra Pradesh
KeralaTamil Nadu
Pondcherry
Total
Population affected
211,000 2,470,000 691,000 43,000 3,415,000
Area affected (Ha)
790 Unknown 2,487 790 4,067
Length of coast affected (Km)
985 250 1,000 25 2,260
Extent of penetration (Km)
0.5 - 2.0 1 – 2 1 - 1.5 0.30 - 3.0
Reported height of tsunami (m)
5 3-5 7-10 10
Villages affected
301 187 362 26 876
Dwelling units
1,557 11,832 91,037 6,403 110,829
Cattle lost 195 Unknown 5,476 3,445 9,116
Tamil Nadu
The state of Tamil Nadu has been the worst affected on the mainland,
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with a death toll of 7,793. Nagapattinam district has had 5,525
casualties, with entire villages having been destroyed. Kanyakumari
district has had 808 deaths, Cuddalore district 599, the state capital
Chennai 206 and Kancheepuram district 124. The death tolls in other
districts were Pudukkottai (15),
Pondicherry
An estimated 30,000 people are homeless in the Union territory of
Pondicherry. The current official toll is 560. The affected districts are
Pondicherry (107 dead), Karaikal (453 dead).
Kariakal is the most devastrated area from the Pondichery Union
territory.Where massive destruction and loss of casualities accure.This
mishalp occure because of uncover stone block.Mostly fisherfolk are
affected due to location and distance between sea and their basti
(village).
Kerala
The current official toll is 168. The affected districts are Kollam (131
dead), Alappuzha (32 dead), Ernakulam (5 dead).The tsunami that hit
the Kerala coust on December 26,2004 , were three to five metres high
,according to the National Institute of Disaster Management,(NIDM)
which functions under the ministray of home affairs.The Tidal
upsourge had affected 250 killometers of the kerala costline and
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entered between one or two kilometers inland.pounded 187 villeges
affecting 24.70 lakh persons in the state
AndhraPradesh
The current official toll is 105. The affected districts are Krishna (35
dead), Prakasam (35 dead), Nellore (20 dead), Guntur (4 dead), West
Godavari (8 dead) and East Godavari (3 dead).
Andaman and Nicobar:
The Andaman and Nicobar Islands comprise 572 islands (all land
masses in both low and high tides) out of which 38 are inhabited, both
by people from the mainland and indigenous tribes. The islands lie
just north of the earthquake epicentre, and the tsunami reached a
height of 15 m in the southern Nicobar Islands. The official death toll
is 812, and about 7,000 are still missing. The unofficial death toll
(including those missing and presumed dead) is estimated to be about
7,000.
Fires: -
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Each year, more than 4,000 Americans die and more than 25,000 are
injured in fires, many of which could be prevented. Direct property loss
due to fires is estimated at $8.6 billion annually.
To protect yourself, it is important to understand the basic characteristics
of fire. Fire spreads quickly; there are no time to gather valuables or make
a phone call. In just two minutes, a fire can become life threatening. In
five minutes, a residence can be engulfed in flames.
Heat and smoke from fire can be more dangerous than the flames.
Inhaling the super-hot air can sear your lungs. Fire produces poisonous
gases that make you disoriented and drowsy. Instead of being awakened
by a fire, you may fall into a deeper sleep. Asphyxiation is the leading
cause of fire deaths, exceeding burns by a three-to-one ratio.
Take Protective Measures
Before a Fire
Smoke Alarms
Install smoke alarms. Properly working smoke alarms decrease
your chances of dying in a fire by half.
Place smoke alarms on every level of your residence. Place them
outside bedrooms on the ceiling or high on the wall (4 to 12 inches
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from ceiling), at the top of open stairways, or at the bottom of
enclosed stairs and near (but not in) the kitchen.
Test and clean smoke alarms once a month and replace batteries at
least once a year. Replace smoke alarms once every 10 years.
Escaping the Fire:
Review escapes routes with your family. Practice escaping from
each room.
Make sure windows are not nailed or painted shut. Make sure
security gratings on windows have a fire safety-opening feature so
they can be easily opened from the inside.
Escaping the Fire:
Review escapes routes with your family. Practice escaping from
each room.
Make sure windows are not nailed or painted shut. Make sure
security gratings on windows have a fire safety-opening feature so
they can be easily opened from the inside.
Consider escape ladders if your residence has more than one level,
and ensure that burglar bars and other antitheft mechanisms that
block outside window entry are easily opened from the inside.
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Teach family members to stay low to the floor (where the air is
safer in a fire) when escaping from a fire.
Clean out storage areas. Do not let trash, such as old newspapers
and magazines, accumulate.
Flammable Items
Never use gasoline, benzine, naphtha, or similar flammable liquids
indoors.
Store flammable liquids in approved containers in well-ventilated
storage areas.
Never smoke near flammable liquids.
Discard all rags or materials that have been soaked in flammable
liquids after you have used them. Safely discard them outdoors in a
metal container.
Insulate chimneys and place spark arresters on top. The chimney
should be at least three feet higher than the roof. Remove branches
hanging above and around the chimney.
Matches and Smoking
Keep matches and lighters up high, away from children, and, if
possible, in a locked cabinet.
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Never smoke in bed or when drowsy or medicated. Provide
smokers with deep, sturdy ashtrays. Douse cigarette and cigar butts
with water before disposal.
Electrical Wiring
Have the electrical wiring in your residence checked by an
electrician.
Inspect extension cords for frayed or exposed wires or loose plugs.
Make sure outlets have cover plates and no exposed wiring.
Make sure wiring does not run under rugs, over nails, or across
high-traffic areas.
Do not overload extension cords or outlets. If you need to plug in
two or three appliances, get a UL-approved unit with built-in
circuit breakers to prevent sparks and short circuits.
Make sure insulation does not touch bare electrical wiring.
During a Fire
If your clothes catch on fire, you should:
Stop, drop, and roll – until the fire is extinguished. Running only
makes the fire burn faster.
To escape a fire, you should:
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Check closed doors for heat before you open them. If you are
escaping through a closed door, use the back of your hand to feel
the top of the door, the doorknob, and the crack between the door
and doorframe before you open it. Never use the palm of your hand
or fingers to test for heat – burning those areas could impair your
ability to escape a fire (i.e., ladders and crawling).
Hot Door Cool Door
Do not open. Escape
through a window. If you
cannot escape, hang a
white or light-colored
sheet outside the
window, alerting fire
fighters to your presence.
Open slowly and ensure fire and/or
smoke is not blocking your escape route.
If your escape route is blocked, shut the
door immediately and use an alternate
escape route, such as a window. If clear,
leave immediately through the door and
close it behind you. Be prepared to
crawl. Smoke and heat rise. The air is
clearer and cooler near the floor.
After a Fire
The following are guidelines for different circumstances in the period
following a fire:
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If you are with burn victims, or are a burn victim yourself, call 9-1-
1; cool and cover burns to reduce chance of further injury or
infection.
If you detect heat or smoke when entering a damaged building,
evacuate immediately.
If you are a tenant, contact the landlord.
Volcanoes: -
A volcano is a vent through which molten rock escapes to the earth’s
surface. When pressure from gases within the molten rock becomes too
great, an eruption occurs. Eruptions can be quiet or explosive. There may
be lava flows, flattened landscapes, poisonous gases, and flying rock and
ash.
Because of their intense heat, lava flows are great fire hazards. Lava
flows destroy everything in their path, but most move slowly enough that
people can move out of the way.
Fresh volcanic ash, made of pulverized rock, can be abrasive, acidic,
gritty, gassy, and odorous. While not immediately dangerous to most
adults, the acidic gas and ash can cause lung damage to small infants, to
older adults, and to those suffering from severe respiratory illnesses.
Volcanic ash also can damage machinery, including engines and
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electrical equipment. Ash accumulations mixed with water become heavy
and can collapse roofs
Take Protective Measures
Before a Volcanic Eruption
Add a pair of goggles and disposable breathing mask for each
member of the family to your disaster supply kit.
Stay away from active volcano sites.
During a Volcanic Eruption
The following are guidelines for what to do if a volcano erupts in your
area:
Evacuate immediately from the volcano area to avoid flying debris,
hot gases, lateral blast, and lava flow.
Be aware of mudflows. The danger from a mudflow increases near
stream channels and with prolonged heavy rains. Mudflows can
move faster than you can walk or run. Look upstream before
crossing a bridge, and do not cross the bridge if mudflow is
approaching.
Avoid river valleys and low-lying areas.
Limnic eruptions
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A cow suffocated by gases from Lake Nyos after a limnic eruption
A limnic eruption occurs when a gas, usually CO2 suddenly erupts from
deep lake water, posing the threat of suffocating wildlife, livestock and
humans. Such an eruption may also cause tsunamis in the lake as the
rising gas displaces water. Scientists believe landslides, volcanic activity,
or explosions can trigger such an eruption. Till date, only two limnic
eruptions have been observed and recorded:
In 1984, in Cameroon, a limnic eruption in Lake Monoun caused
the deaths of 37 nearby residents.
At nearby Lake Nyos in 1986 a much larger eruption killed
between 1,700 and 1,800 people by asphyxiation.
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Landslides and Mudflows:-
A landslide is a disaster closely related to an a alanche, but instead of
occurring with snow, it occurs involving actual elements of the ground,
including rocks, trees, parts of houses, and anything else which may
happen to be swept up.
Landslides can be caused by earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, or general
instability in the surrounding land. Mudslides, or mud flows, are a special
case of landslides, in which heavy rainfall causes loose soil on steep
terrain to collapse and slide downwards (see also Lahar); these occur with
some regularity in parts of California after periods of heavy rain.
Dust Devils
Main article: Dust devil
Dry, hot, clear days on the desert or over dry land can bring about dust
devils. Generally forming in the hot sun during the late morning or early
afternoon hours, these mostly harmless whirlwinds are triggered by light
desert breezes that create a swirling plume of dust with speeds rarely over
70 mph. These differ from tornadoes in that they are not associated with a
thunderstorm (or any cloud), and are usually weaker than the weakest
tornado.
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Typically, the life cycle of a dust devil is a few minutes or less, although
they can last much longer. Although usually harmless, they have been
known to cause minor damage. They can blow vehicles off the road and
could damage your eyes by blowing dust into them.
MANMADE DISASTERS
Under the man made disasters: -
Cutting the trees which increases Global warming
Using to much plastic items for consumption which affects lot
Using of Vehicle was increasing day by day which cause increase
in pollution.
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Working Experience: -
It was great experience to work with Hug human and help them to
provide lots of information regarding the natural disaster, which helps
any one to protect him and take various precautions to minimize the
effect of disasters. These projects remember me when flood came to
district shivrinarayan in Chhattisgarh near by my home town were I have
seen the conditions and Help them with the help of my school.
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CONCLUSION
It was a great experience for all of us working with an NGO. It
helped us to develop a sense of social responsibility. By observing the
orphans living together happily, though they miss the love of parents,
inspired us to love people around us and live a purposeful life, which is of
some use to others. It was the first time we came out of our comforts and
saw people fighting with problems, we realized the importance of money
that many of us spend lavishly on unnecessary things, we are proud to
inform you that each one of us has decided to contribute a part of our
pocket money for orphanage every month. We are now left with many
reasons to make our lives worth living. The insights of these activities
have raised our conscience and we are determined to help our fellow
beings.
Natural and manmade disasters are occurring with increasing
frequency worldwide, but we are lacking in preparedness and post
disaster management. The attitude has to shift from spending money after
a disaster to investing in technology that can prevent, control and warn
such disaster. In the end we would like to thank RAMAIAH INSTITUTE
OF MANAGEMENT STUDIES to give us this beautiful opportunity to
work with an NGO.
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