PROTECTION OF CIVILIANSTHE NEW SCHOOL JULIEN J. STUDLEY GRADUATE PROGRAM IN INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS

JOEL ARKEN KA`ILIKEA JACKSONJILL BOYD JONATHAN LEONARDMARIE HARGROVE CHRISTIE SAINT-VILSHARIF HASSANEIN KIAH SHAPIRO

OXFA

M N

YC

AGENDA1. Client Background

2. Overview of Project

3. Methodology

4. Deliverables

5. Our Contribution

6. Lessons Learned

1. CLIENT BACKGROUND: OXFAM INTERNATIONAL

Oxfam is an Oxford-based development organization.

17 organizations networked together in more than 94 countries as part of a global movement for change , to build a

future free from injustice from poverty.

We work directly with communities and we seek to influence the powerful to ensure that poor people can improve their lives and livelihoods and have a say in decisions that affect them.

Mission Statement

1. OXFAM INTERNATIONAL

Map by Joel Arken and Jonathan Leonard

WHERE THEY WORK

1. CLIENT BACKGROUND: OXFAM INTERNATIONAL

Started in 1942 as Oxford Committee for Famine Relief

First action: Emergency aid past enemy lines in Greece

National organizations merged in 1995 Budget: 955.9 million pounds

Dedicated to fighting poverty around 6 areas: Human Rights-focused Development Gender Justice Disaster Relief Climate Change Hunger and Food Justice Adequate Financial Flows

1. CLIENT BACKGROUND: OXFAM INTERNATIONAL

CAMPAIGN &

ADVOCACY

WATCHDOGACTIVITIES

NYC OFFICE

HUMANITARIAN ISSUES

2. KEY TERMS

Department of Peacekeeping

Operations

PEACEKEEPING: tool for maintaining international peace and security

United Nations Security Council

African Union Peace &

Security Council

UNITED NATIONS

AFRICAN UNION

2. WHAT IS PROTECTION OF CIVILIANS?

Actions to improve the safety of civilians exposed to widespread threats of violence, coercion or deliberate

deprivation.

Mandated by the United Nations

Security Council in 1999. (Resolution

1265)

Derives from International

Humanitarian Law (IHL)

Similar to Responsibility to

Protect (R2P)

2. WHAT IS PROTECTION OF CIVILIANS?CORE CHALLENGES

Improve Humanitarian

Access

Strengthen Protection

by UN Peacekeeping

Enhance Accountability for Violations

Compliance with

International Humanitarian

Law

Engagement with non-State Armed Groups

2. UNITED NATIONS PEACEKEEPING OPERATIONS

Source: un.org/peaccekeeping 5.14.14

2. OVERVIEW OF PRACTICUM

3. METHODOLOGY - ACTIVITIES

Oxfam NYCTerms of Reference

TimelineConfidentiality Agreement

SEMESTER:

WEEK 16:

Division of Labor Peer-reviewedCaptain Peer- drivenSubmission Weekly Meeting

Presentations

SGPIA

Oxfam NYC

WEEK 1:

3. METHODOLOGY - SOURCES

RESEARCH & ANALYSIS

DISCOURSE ANALYSIS

EDITORIALIZE OFFICIAL UN DOCUMENTS

AUXILIARY SOURCES

Deliverables Date of Submission

1 Real-Time Weekly Tracking Weekly

2 Open Debate on POC 2/14

3 Profile of Newest UNSC Member - Jordan 2/28

4 Summary & Analysis of UN/AU Policy Developments in CAR 3/14

5 Summary of DPKO 2009 Report 4/4

6 Overview of Current Crises 4/11

7 Literature Review of SSR & Policing 4/25

4. TIMELINE OF DELIVERABLES

DELIVERABLE 1: REAL-TIME WEEKLY TRACKING

Objective: Track protection of civilian related issues in eight conflict countries.

Purpose: To keep the NYC Office up-to-date on a weekly basis of developing crises

DELIVERABLE 1: TRACKING EXAMPLE

POC Debate

DELIVERABLE 2: OPEN DEBATE ON PROTECTION OF CIVILIANS

February 12, 2014. UNSC PoC Debate. (7,109 meeting)

DELIVERABLE 2: OPEN DEBATE ON PROTECTION OF CIVILIANS

Comprehensive overview of Protection of Civilians

Secretary General ReportsRecommendations

Past debates

Themes & IssuesHot spots

Institutional Capacity

Newest Security Council member

Hosting over 600,000 Syrian refugees

Over 60,000 Jordanians have

served in UN missions

Jordan contributes the 10th most personnel to UN peacekeeping missions

Jordanian peacekeepers active in 8 UN operations

DELIVERABLE 3: PROFILE OF JORDAN

DELIVERABLE 3: PROFILE OF JORDAN

Countries with Jordanian peacekeeping troops

DELIVERABLE 3: PROFILE OF JORDAN

1. Jordans position on current conflict countries

2. Policy priorities in the protection of civilians

3. Voting record on protection related issues

4. Current impact in protection of civilians

5. Jordans future priorities

DELIVERABLE 4: CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC

Map by Joel Arken

Map of violence against civiliansMap of Violence against Civilians

DELIVERABLE 4: CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC

Visual timeline

United Nations Security Council & African Union statements

Analysis of 3 peacekeeping missions in CAR

DELIVERABLE 4: TIMELINE

Source: pg 2 of Deliverable 4

This 2009 study was jointly created by DPKO and OCHA in November 2009

The report examines: Interpretation and

Implementation of peacekeeping mandates

Difficulties working with UNSC Specific challenges in 4 missions:

Democratic Rep. of Congo Cte dIvoire Sudan Darfur

DELIVERABLE 5: SUMMARY OF PEACEKEEPING REPORT

Source: Cover of DPKO Report

Deliverable: Summarize DPKO report and attached Aide Memoire In a 7 day period

Condensed the 402-page DPKO report into a 13-page summary

Condensed the 80 page Aide Memoire into a 5-page summary

Separated into thematic parts and individually summarized the sections.

DELIVERABLE 5: SUMMARY OF PEACEKEEPING REPORT

DELIVERABLE 6: OVERVIEW OF CURRENT CRISES

Indicators

Civilian Casualties

Refugees

Food Security

DELIVERABLE 6: OVERVIEW OF CURRENT CRISES

United NationsPeacekeepers

Gender BasedViolence

Indicators

DELIVERABLE 7: LITERATURE REVIEW OF SSR & POLICING

United Nations Security Council

International Peace Institute

Geneva Centre for the Democratic Control of Armed Forces

Partnership for Effective Peacekeeping

Deliverable: A literature review of 28 key reports on Security Sector Reform and Policing from:

DELIVERABLE 7: LITERATURE REVIEW OF SSR & POLICING

Security Sector Reform:Rebuilding & creating structures of security

Indicators Contribution to POC (women) Challenges Accountability

Recommendations Create a thematic section Flexible roles for troops & police Universal training programs Gender recognition & balance Source: pg 1 of Deliverable 7

5. OUR CONTRIBUTION

Synthesized Official

Documents

Analysis & Recs Advocacy

High Level

Advisory Notes

Protection of Civilians: Value Added Expands on Human Rights norms Focused on civilians, women, children Practical with peacekeeping

Protection of Civilians: Maintains liberal status quo Top-down, state-centric view of power Inherent institution restrictions

Oxfam NY is short staffed Committed to issue? Confidentiality lessens profile Not transparent

6. LESSONS LEARNED

Our work was possible because of our professors, particularly:

Phil AkreMichael CohenPeter HoffmanMark Johnson

Michele KahaneTerra Lawson-Remer

Chris LondonErin McCandlessStephen MettsEverita Silina

AND...Mona Shomali

THANK YOU, SGPIA!