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LISTENING MODULE

SECTION 1: Questions 1- 10

Questions 1 and 2.Choose the correct letter, A, B or C.

Example

At the college, Joanna sawAa leafet about the estival.B a poster about the estival.C a DVD about the estival.

1. What did Joanna fnd on the e!ti"a# $e%!ite&A. an online booing linB. a ull programme o eventsC. inormation about stu!ent !iscounts

2. Joanna ha! a#'ead( de)ided to %oo* ti)*et! o' ++++++.

A. a "lmB. a concertC. an exhibition

Questions ,-10Co#ete the note! %e#o$. Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS AND/OR ANMBER !or each ans"er#

CIT/ ATS ESTIAL

Date! #$th%&$th '&( ))))))))))

Te#ehone '*( )))))))))))

Son!o'ed %( '+( )))))))))))

Da( E"ent en3e 4'i)e o !t3dentti)*et

Monda( '( ))))))))))) Cit- all /&.+

Wedne!da( Ja00 ban! '1( ))))))))))) /#.+$

Th3'!da( '2( ))))))))))) 3ibrar- /4.#+

'ida( 5o!ern Dance College '6( ))))))))))))

Sat3'da( '4$( ))))))))))) Cit- 7ar /4.+$

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SECTION 2 Questions 11$%&

53e!tion! 11-1,Choose the correct letter, A, B or C.11. A 'ee 63ided to3' o the 3!e3 i! a"ai#a%#e

A. at a "xe! time ever- !a- it is open.B. or up to twent-%"ve people each wee.C. i a minimum number o people mae a booing.

12. Tea)he'! %'in6in6 6'o3! o !)hoo# !t3dent! ha"e toA. pa- a "xe! ee in a!vance.B. complete an online booing orm.C. call "rst to arrange a convenient time.

1,. o' a !ho't !e)ia#i!ed to3'7 a 6'o3 o )o##e6e !t3dent! $o3#d a(A. /1+.B. /4$$.C. /4&$.

53e!tion! 18 and 19Choose TWO letters A$E#

8hich two acilities are available at the museum9A. git shopB. tours in !i:erent languagesC. restaurantD. room or hireE. interactive !ispla-s

18)))))))))))))19)))))))))))))

53e!tion! 1-20Co#ete the ta%#e %e#o$.

Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS AND/OR A NMBER !or each ans"er#

;ear Event ?uare

began what he calle! his '1

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SECTION , 53e!tion! 21-,0

Questions 21- 2,Co#ete the !enten)e! %e#o$. Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS !or eachans"er#

>arah@s proposal shoul! begin with what@s calle! a '#4( )))))))))))))))))) o aims.

>arah shoul! prepare what@s calle! an '##( ))))))))))))))) or people taing part.

>arah plans to use both people@s opinions an! '#&( ))))))))))))))))) in her research.

Questions %'$%(8hat shoul! >arah inclu!e in her proposal9

A.an essential part o the proposal>.a useul thing to inclu!e, but not essentialC.something which shoul!n@t be inclu!e! in theproposal

Write the correct letter A, B or C ne)t to *uestions %'$%(#28. how much it will cost ))))))))))) 29. how participants will be chosen )))))))))))

2. how the results will be anal-se! ))))))))))) 2;. how the report will be presente! )))))))))))

Questions %+$&Choose the correct letter, A, B or C.2

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SECTION 8 Questions 1$'&

Questions 1$-Co#ete the !enten)e! %e#o$. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS !or eachans"er#

CHRISTMAS ISLAND

Total size of the island: (31) _____________________ square kilometres Island's main industry: (32) _____________________.

Se!ies kno"n to ha#e $e!ome e%tin!t:

o t"o tyes of rodent

o one tye of (33) _____________________

&um$er of !ra$ se!ies li#in on the island: (3) _____________________

&ame of rou rodu!in a reort: (3) _____________________

Questions .$'&

Co#ete the !enten)e! %e#o$. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS !or eachans"er#

RED CRABS

*ed !ra$s eat mostly (3+) _____________________.

*ed !ra$s are des!ri$ed as (3,) ____________________ $e!ause ea!h !ra$ li#es in a

searate $urro".

*ed !ra$s tend to stay in their $urro"s durin the (3-) ____________________ season.

*ed !ra$ mirations are most likely in the month of (3) ________________________.

To hel miratin red !ra$s !ross roads/ (0) _____________________ ha#e $een $uilt.

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EADING MODULE

EADING 4ASSAGE 1

/o3 !ho3#d !end a%o3t 20 in3te! on ?3e!tion! 1-18 $hi)h a'e %a!ed oneadin6 a!!a6e 1 %e#o$.

@ELIUMS UTUE U4 IN T@E AIA. n recent -ears we have all been expose! to !ire me!ia reports concerning theimpen!ing !emise o global coal an! oil reserves, but the !epletion o another e-nonrenewable resource continues without receiving much press at all. elium an inert,o!ourless, monatomic element nown to la- people as the substance that maes balloonsfoat an! voices s?uea when inhale! coul! be gone rom this planet within a generation.>. elium itsel is not rare there is actuall- a plentiul suppl- o it in the cosmos. n act, #*per cent o our galax-s elemental mass consists o helium, which maes it the secon! mostabun!ant element in our universe. Because o its lightness, however, most helium vanishe!rom our own planet man- -ears ago. Conse?uentl-, onl- a miniscule proportion $.$$$+#, to be exact remains in earths atmosphere. elium is the b-pro!uct omillennia o ra!ioactive !eca- rom the elements thorium an! uranium. Fhe helium ismostl- trappe! in subterranean natural gas buners an! commerciall- extracte! through ametho! nown as ractional !istillation.C.Fhe loss o helium on Earth woul! a:ect societ- greatl-. De-ing the perception o it as anovelt- substance or parties an! gimmics, the element actuall- has man- vitalapplications in societ-. 7robabl- the most well%nown commercial usage is in airships an!blimps 'non%fammable helium replace! h-!rogen as the liting gas du jour ater thein!enburg catastrophe in 46, !uring which an airship burst into fames an! crashe! tothe groun! illing some passengers an! crew(. But helium is also instrumental in !eep%sea!iving, where it is blen!e! with nitrogen to mitigate the !angers o inhaling or!inar- airun!er high pressure as a cleaning agent or rocet engines an!, in its most prevalent use,as a coolant or supercon!ucting magnets in hospital 5obota, helium is the Hmost noble o gases, meaning its ver- stablean! non%reactive or the most part it has a close! electronic con"guration, a ver- tightl-boun! atom. t is this coveting o its own electrons that prevents combination with otherelements. Another important attribute is heliums uni?ue boiling point, which is lower thanthat or an- other element. Fhe worsening global shortage coul! ren!er millions o !ollarso high%value, lie%saving e?uipment totall- useless. Fhe !win!ling supplies have alrea!-

resulte! in the postponement o research an! !evelopment pro=ects in ph-sics laboratoriesan! manuacturing plants aroun! the worl!. Fhere is an enormous suppl- an! !eman!imbalance partl- brought about b- the expansion o high%tech manuacturing in Asia.E.Fhe source o the problem is the elium 7rivatisation Act '7A(, an American law passe!in 466 that re?uires the K.>. Lational elium . Congress ignorant o its rami"cations, the result o this "re sale is thatglobal helium prices are so arti"ciall- !efate! that ew can be bothere! rec-cling thesubstance or using it =u!iciousl-. Defate! values also mean that natural gas extractors seeno reason to capture helium. 5uch is lost in the process o extraction. As >obota notesMNOtPhe government ha! the goo! vision to store helium, an! the ?uestion now isM 8ill the

corporations have the vision to capture it when extracting natural gas, an! consumers thewis!om to rec-cle9 Fhis taes long%term vision because present maret orces are notsuGcient to compel pru!ent practiceI. Qor Lobel%pri0e laureate

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supplies over 2$ per cent o global helium, mostl- rom the Lational elium

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EADING 4ASSAGE 2:/o3 !ho3#d !end a%o3t 20 in3te! on ?3e!tion! 19-2; $hi)h a'e %a!ed oneadin6 a!!a6e 2 %e#o$.

ESTA>LIS@ING /OU >IT@IG@TS

Position in the family can play a huge role in shaping character, nds Clover Stroud

A. 3ast wee 4 was given a potent remin!er o how powerul birth or!er might be in

!etermining a chil!@s character. 5- son, Jimm- Joe, nine, an! m- !aughter, Doll-, six,were re%enacting a FV talent show. Jimm- Joe electe! himsel =u!ge an! Doll- was acontestant. Authoritative an! un-iel!ing, he wiel!e! a clipboar!, !elivering harshcriticisms that woul! mae a real talent show =u!ge finch. nitiall- Doll- love! theattention, but she soon grew tire! o his !ominance, instigating a pillow "ght, then a "st"ght. t en!e!, inevitabl-, in tears. A visiting rien!, with an ol!er, more successulsister, !eclare! it Rclassic "rst chil! behaviour o !ominance an! suppose! authorit-.Doll-s ob=ection to her brothers sel%appointe! role as lea!er was =usti"e!, heannounce!, while Jimm- Joes superiorit- was characteristic o the orceul personalit- o"rstborns. Birth or!er, he sai!, wasnt something the- coul! =ust shrug o:.

>. Debate about the signi"cance o birth or!er goes right to the heart o the nature versusnurture argument an! is, conse?uentl-, surroun!e! b- huge controvers-. Fhis

controvers- has rage! since the 46th centur-, when Austrian ps-chiatrist Alre! A!lerargue! that birth or!er can !e"ne the wa- someone !eals with "e. e i!enti"e!"rstborns as !riven an! oten su:ering rom a sense o having been @!ethrone! b- asecon! chil!. ;ounger chil!ren, he state!, were hampere! b- having been morepampere! than ol!er siblings. ts a view reiterate! b- 7roessor Qran >ullowa-sinfuential wor, Born to ullowa-, a lea!ing proponent o the birth% or!er i!ea,argue! it has a !e"nitive e:ect on the RBig Qive personalit- traits o openness,conscientiousness, extroversion, agreeableness an! neuroticism.

C. Accor!ing to the birth%or!er theor-, "rst chil!ren are usuall- well%organise! highachievers. owever, the- can have an over!evelope! sense o entitlement an! beun-iel!ing. >econ! chil!ren are sometimes ver- competitive through rivalr- with theol!er sibling. Fhe-@re also goo! me!iators an! negotiators, een to eep ever-onehapp-, 5i!!le chil!ren, tagge! the Reas- ones, have goo! !iplomac- sills. Fhe- su:errom a ten!enc- to eel insigni"cant besi!e other siblings an! oten complain o eelinginvisible to their parents. ;oungest chil!ren are oten the most liel- to rebel, eeling thenee! to Rprove themselves. Fhe-re oten extroverts an! are sometimes accuse! obeing sel"sh. Fwins inevitabl- "n! it har!er to see themselves as in!ivi!uals, unlesstheir parents have wore! har! to i!enti- them as such. ts not unusual or one twin tohave a slightl- !ominant role over the other an! tae the lea! role.

D. But slapping generalise! labels on a chil! is !angerous the- change all the time, otentaing turns at being the Rnaught- one@ or the R!iligent one. owever, as one o "vechil!ren, now how har! it is to transcen! the tags -ou earn accor!ing to when -ouwere born. t is unsurprising then that m- el!est sister is the successul entrepreneur,

an! that, !espite covering all the big bases o a!ult lie lie marriage, i!s an! propert-,m- siblings will probabl- alwa-s regar! me as their spoilt -ounger sister.

E. RAs the ol!est o three, ve oun! it har! not to thin o m- own three chil!ren as havingthe same personalit- t-pes that the three o us ha! when was growing upS sa-s 3isaCannan, a teacher, R i!enti- with m- el!est son, who constantl- taes the lea! in termso organisation an! responsibilit-. 5- !aughter, the mi!!le chil!, is more cerebral thanher brothers. >hes been easier than them. >he avoi!s conrontation, so has an eas-relationship with both bo-s. 5- -oungest is gorgeous but naught-, now m partl- toblame or this, as 4 orgive him things the el!er two woul!nt get awa- with.@

. As a parent, its eas- to eel guilt- about sa!!ling a chil! with labels accor!ing to birthor!er, but as chil! ps-chologist >tephen Ba-liss points out, these characteristics mightbe better attribute! to parenting st-les, rather than a chil!s character. e sa-s that i a

parent is worrie! about having encourage!, or example, an over!evelope! sense o!ominance in an ol!er sibling or spoile! a -ounger chil!, then it@s more useul to loo atwa-s this can be a!!resse! than over%anal-sing wh- it happene!. Ba-liss is optimisticthat as a!ults we can overcome an- negative connotations aroun! birth or!er.*3oo at

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the wa- -ou react to certain situations with -our siblings. -oure unhapp- about beingtreate! as a certain t-pe o personalit-, tr- to wor out i its a role that -ouve willingl-accepte!. -oure unhapp- with the role, being !-namic about ocusing on -our ownreactions, rather than blaming theirs, will help -ou overcome it. Change isnt eas- butnobo!- nee! be the victim o their biograph-.

53e!tion! 19-20

The 'eadin6 a!!a6e ha! !i a'a6'ah!7 A-. Choo!e the )o''e)t headin6 o'

ea)h a'a6'ah 'o the #i!t o headin6! %e#o$.

i Chil!ren@s views on birth or!er

ii >olutions are more important than causes

iii Characteristics common to all chil!ren regar!less o birth or!er

i" Doubts about birth%or!er theor- but personal experiencesupporting it

" A theor- that is still supporte!

"i Birth%or!er characteristics continuing as chil!ren get ol!er

"ii A t-pical example o birth%or!er behavior in practice"iii Exceptions to the rule o birth or!er

i A !etaile! !escription o each chil! in amilies in general

7aragraph AM '4+( ))))))))))))))

7aragraph BM '4( ))))))))))))))

7aragraph CM '41( ))))))))))))))

7aragraph DM '42( ))))))))))))))

7aragraph EM '46( ))))))))))))))

7aragraph QM '#$( ))))))))))))))

53e!tion! 21-28

Loo* at the o##o$in6 !tateent! 53e!tion! 21-28 and the #i!t o eo#e %e#o$.Mat)h ea)h !tateent $ith the )o''e)t e'!on7 A-D. /o3 a( 3!e an( #ette' o'ethan on)e.

#4. Experience as a chil! can a:ect behaviour as a parent.

##. Birth or!er ma- not be the main reason wh- chil!ren have the personalities the- have.

#&. Fhere is a lin between birth an! a group o important characteristics.

#*. t is possible or people to stop eeling ba! about how amil- members behave withthem.

Li!t o eo#e

A Alre! A!ler

B 7roessor Qran >ullowa-

C 3isa Cannan

D >tephen Ba-liss

53e!tion! 29-2;

Co#ete the !enten)e! %e#o$. Choo!e ONE WOD ONL/ 'o the a!!a6e o'ea)h an!$e'.

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#+. Qirst%born chil!ren have expectations that are too high with regar! to)))))))))))))))))))).

#. 5i!!le chil!ren are oten consi!ere! ))))))))))))))))))) b- their parents.

#1. ;oungest chil!ren ma- be !escribe! as ))))))))))))))))))) b- other people.

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EADING 4ASSAGE ,:/o3 !ho3#d !end a%o3t 20 in3te! on ?3e!tion! 2;-80 $hi)h a'e %a!ed oneadin6 a!!a6e , %e#o$.

TANS ATT/ ACIDS

A recent e!itorial in the British 5e!ical Journal 'B5J(, written b- researchers rom theKniversit- o Txor!, has calle! or oo! labels to list trans ats as well as cholesterol an!saturate! at.

Frans ats 'or trans att- aci!s( are a t-pe o unsaturate! att- aci!. Fhe- occur naturall- insmall amounts in oo!s pro!uce! rom ruminant animalsU e.g. mil, bee an! lamb.owever, most o the trans att- aci!s in the !iet are pro!uce! !uring the process o partialh-!rogenation 'har!ening( o vegetable oils into semi%soli! ats. Fhe- are thereore oun! inhar! margarines, partiall- h-!rogenate! cooing oils, an! in some baer- pro!ucts, rie!oo!s, an! other processe! oo!s that are ma!e using these.

Frans att- aci!s have an a!verse e:ect on certain chemicals, nown as lipi!s, which areoun! in the bloo! an! have been shown to increase the ris o heart !isease. Fhe- alsoincrease 3D3%cholesterol 'the @ba! cholesterol@( an! !ecrease D3%cholesterol 'the @goo!cholesterol@(. Fhe- ma- also have a!verse e:ects on car!iovascular !isease ris that arein!epen!ent o an e:ect on bloo! lipi!s '5o0a:arian et al. #$$(.

n a recent review o prospective stu!ies investigating the e:ects o trans att- aci!s, a #increase in energ- intae rom trans att- aci!s was associate! with a #& increase in theinci!ence o heart !isease. Fhe authors also reporte! that the a!verse e:ects o trans att-aci!s were observe! even at ver- low intaes '& o total !ail- energ- intae, or about #%1g per !a-( '5o0a:arian et al. #$$(.

owever, in this recent review it is onl- trans att- aci!s pro!uce! !uring the har!ening ovegetable oils that are oun! to be harmul to health. Fhe public health implications oconsuming trans att- aci!s rom ruminant pro!ucts are consi!ere! to be relativel- limite!.

Tver the last !eca!e, population intaes o trans att- aci!s in the K ell an! are now, onaverage, well below the recommen!e! # o total energ- set b- the Department o ealthin 4664, at 4.# o energ- 'en!erson et al. #$$&(. Fhis is not to sa- that intaes o transatt- aci!s are not still a problem, an! !ietar- a!vice states that those in!ivi!uals who arein the top en! o the !istribution o intae shoul! still mae e:orts to re!uce their intaes.

Currentl-, trans att- aci!s in oo!s are labelle! in the K>A, but not in the K an! Europe.Fhe K Qoo! >tan!ar!s Agenc- 'Q>A( is in avour o the revision o the European !irectivethat governs the content an! ormat o oo! labels so that trans att- aci!s are labelle!.

Fhis shoul! enable consumers to mae better oo! choices with regar! to heart health'Clare W 3ewington #$$(.

imilarl-,changes are being ma!e to the wa- baer- pro!ucts are manuacture!. Qor example, alea!ing European manuacturer o ma=or bran!s o biscuits, caes an! snacs has recentl-announce! that these are now ma!e without partiall- h-!rogenate! vegetable oils, atransition that began in #$$*. Alongsi!e these changes, the manuacturer has also reporte!a cut in the amount o saturates. t is clear that a ma=or technical challenge in achievingsuch changes is to avoi! simpl- exchanging trans att- aci!s or saturate! att- aci!s,

which also have !amaging health e:ects.

Qoo!s that are labelle! as containing partiall-%h-!rogenate! oils or ats are a source otrans att- aci!s 'sometimes @partiall-%h-!rogenate!@ ats are =ust labelle! as

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@h-!rogenate!@ ats(. Fhese oo!s inclu!e har! margarines, some rie! pro!ucts an! somemanuacture! baer- pro!ucts e.g. biscuits, pastries an! caes.

t is important to note that intae ma- have change! in the light o reormulation o oo!sthat has taen place over the past six -ears in the K, as reerre! to earlier. Qurthermore,the average intae o trans att- aci!s is lower in the K than in the K>A 'where legislationhas now been intro!uce!(. owever, this !oes not mean there is room or complacenc-, asthe intae in some sectors o the population is nown to be higher than recommen!e!.

53e!tion! 2ome people are still consuming larger ?uantities o trans att- aci!s than the experts

consi!er sae.

53e!tion! ,9-80:

Co#ete the !enten)e! %e#o$. Choo!e NO MOE T@AN T@EE WODS 'o thea!!a6e o' ea)h an!$e'. W'ite (o3' an!$e'! in %oe! ,9 - 80 on (o3' an!$e'!heet.

&+. >cientists at Txor! Kniversit- propose that inormation about trans att- aci!s shoul!be inclu!e! on )))))))))))).

&. n oo! manuacture, the ma=orit- o trans att- aci!s are create! when )))))))))))) aresoli!i"e!.

&1. Fhe lielihoo! o a person !eveloping )))))))))))) is increase! b- trans att- aci!consumption.

&2. n the K, the )))))))))))) establishe! a limit or the sae !ail- consumption o transatt- aci!s.

&6. 7artiall- h-!rogenate! oils are no longer oun! in most K manuacture! salt-)))))))))))).

*$. Consumption o trans att- aci!s in )))))))))))) is now higher than in the K.

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WITING MODULE

WITING TASF 1;ou shoul! spen! about #$ minutes on this tas.

The ra0h elo" shorn the 0ro0ortion o! !our di2erent 3aterials that "ererec4cled !ro3 15+% to %&1& in a 0articular countr4#

Su33arise the in!or3ation 4 selectin and re0ortin the 3ain !eatures, and3a6e co30arisons "here rele7ant#

8rite at least 4+$ wor!s.

WITING TASF 2/o3 !ho3#d !end a%o3t 80 in3te! on thi! ta!*.

8rite about the ollowing topicM

8n 3an4 countries toda4 there are 3an4 hihl4 *uali9ed raduates"ithout e30lo43ent#What !actors 3a4 ha7e caused this situation and "hat, in 4our o0inion,can/should e done aout it:

Xive reasons or -our answer an! inclu!e an- relevant examples rom -our own nowle!geor experience.

8rite at least #+$ wor!s.