A

PROJECT REPORT

ON

A STUDY OF OPPORTUNITIES &

CHALLENGES IN THE DEVELOPMENT

GWALIOR FORT AS AGLOBAL

TOURIST DESTINATION

Summitted to Mahamaya Technical University, Noida

in The partial fulfillment of the requirement for the

Award of the degree of Master of Business

Administration(Tourism Management)

Session-2012-13

Under the Guidance of SUBMITTED BYAssit .pro. DR.D.S.Yadav Mohd.Rafiq

Roll No:1100570034

MBA(T.M) 4th Sem

Raja Balwant Singh College khandari Farm

Campus Agra-282002

PREFACE

Every study is incomplete without having a well planned and

concrete exposure to its students and management studies

are no exception. This report was made during the summer

training in partial fulfillment of the requirement of the

requirement for the award of the degree of Master of

Business Administration Tourism Management. The

management students are essentially required to undergo a

practical training for 6-8 week in any business organization.

The idea behind it is to test the acquired knowledge through

practical experience and to apply the theoretical aspects of

management in the management field.

This report is based on the extensive survey conducted in

tourism office, hotel, restaurant, of surveyed area of M.P.

city.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

This project work it self is an acknowledgement to the sincere efforts

of all individuals who have contributed to it for its completion.

I am highly indebted to Dr.D.S.Yadav, who kindly gave me the

opportunity to work under his guidance.

Then I would like to thank Dr.B.B.S.Parihar Head of Department,

Raja Balwant Singh College, and M.P. for his kind hearted approach

and timely suggestions which helped me immensely in the completion

of this project.

I avail Myself of this opportunity to express my profound sense of

gratitude and sincere thanks to Dr.Rajeev Sharma, Director, Faculty

of Management & computer Application, Raja Balwant Singh College

Agra,

Above all I would like to Express deep gratitude to my Parents who

have constantly provided me economic assistance and inspiration.

Last but not the least I would like to thank GOD who enthused in me

the am daunting courage and immense inspiration to complete my

work in time.

Mohd. Rafiq

MBA(T.M) 4th Sem

Roll No- 110057034

R.B.S.College Agra

STUDENT DECLARATION

I am Mohd.Rafiq a student of MBA, Tourism Management 4th Sem in

Raja Balwant Singh Management &Computer Application

College, Khandari Campus, Agra, hereby declare that all the

information ,facts and figures furnished in this report are based on my

own findings and experience. This information has been used for

purely academic purpose.

I hereby declare the work was done by me and suitable information

has been downloaded form Websites and other related resources of

the company.

The project report is the result of my own hard work and self

belief.

Mohd. Rafiq

MBA(T.M) 4th Sem

Roll No- 1100570034

R.B.S.College Agra

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Part: A

INTRODUCTION OF GWALIOR

1. ORIGIN OF NAME

2.HISTORY

2.1 SCINDIA STATE OF GWALIOR

3. DEMOGRAPHICS

4. GEOGRAPHY

5. CLIMATE

6. TRANSPORTATION IN FRASTRUCTURE

6.1 RAILWAYS

6.2 ROADS

6.3 A IR

6.4 LOCALTRANSPORT

7. GWALIOR FORT

7.1 TELI KA MANDIR

7.2 JAIN ROCK –CUT SCULPTURES

7.3 GURUDWARA

7.4 SUN TEMPLE GWALIOR

7.5 REVOLT OF 1857

8. ART AND CULTURE

9. MUSIC

9.1 GWALIOR GHARANA

9.2 DHRUPAD

9.3 TANSEN SANGEET SAMAROH

10. MAIN FESTIVALS

11. MEDIA AND COMMUNICATION

12. EDUCATION

13. ECONOMY OF GWALIOR

14. AREASS OF THE CITY

14.1 THE OLD TOWN

14.2 LASHKAR

14.3 MORAR

14.4 THATIPUR

14.5 GOLA KA MANDIR

15. HEALTH CARE

16. SPORTS IN GWALIOR

17. FUTURE DEVELOPMENTS

18. PLACES OF INTEREST

18.1 GWALIOR FORT

18.2 MALLS IN GWALIOR

19. FAMOUS PERSOPNALITIES FROM GWALIOR

20. GALLERY

PART: B

1. INTRODUCTION OF ABOUT STUDY

2. OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

3. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

4. FINDING OF STUDY

5. DATA ANALYSIS

6. SUGGATION

7. CONCLUSION

8. QUESTIONNAIRE

9. REFERENCES

ORIGIN OF NAME

According to local tradition, Gwalior owes its name to a sage of former times.

Suraj Sen, a prince of the Kachhwaha clan of the eighth century, is said to have

lost his way in the jungle. On a secluded hill, he met an old man, the sage

Gwalipa, whose influence almost took him by surprise. Upon asking the sage for

some drinking water, he was led to a pond, where the waters not only quenched

his thirst but cured him of leprosy. Out of gratitude, the prince wished to offer the

sage something in return, and the sage asked him to build a wall on the hill in

order to protect the other sages from wild animals which often disturbed their

yajnas (or pujas). Suraj Sen later built a palace inside the fort, which was named

"Gwalior" after the sage, and eventually the city that grew around the fort took the

same name.

HISTORY

The Mughal Emperor Babur and the Mughal Army at the Urvah valley in

Gwalior.Gwalior temple has the very first occurrence of zero as a written number

in the world. Gwalior may have been held by the Guptas or some of their disciples,

but the oldest historical evidence shows the fort was conquered by the Hunas in

the early sixth century. The evidence for this is a stone inscription of the time of

Mihirakula recording the construction of a temple to the sun god. It is now in India

Museum, Calcutta. Subsequently, Gwalior was taken by Gurjar Pratihars of

Kannauj. From inscription found such as Rakhetra stone inscription, scholars

assert that Gwalior was under the possession of Gurjara Pratiharas until at least

942 AD.

In the 10th century, after Gurjara Pratiharas, Gwalior was taken by the Kachwaha

Rajputs. Qutb-ud-din Aybak captured the city in 1196. Shamsud-din Altamsh took

control of the area in 1232. By the 15th century, the city had a noted singing

school which was attended by Tansen. Gwalior was ruled by the Mughals and then

the Marathas.

SCINDIA STATE OF GWALIOR

A King George VI stamp of 1949, inscribed 'GWALIOR'

Scindia is a Maratha clan in India. This clan included rulers of the Gwalior State

in the 18th and 19th centuries, collaborators of the colonial British government

during the 19th and the 20th centuries until India became independent, and

politicians in independent India.

The Scindia state of Gwalior became a major regional power in the second half of

the 18th century and figured prominently in the three Anglo-Maratha Wars.

(Gwalior first fell to the British in 1780.) The Scindias held significant power over

many of the Rajput states, and conquered the state of Ajmer. During the Indian

Rebellion of 1857 the city was briefly held by rebel forces in 1858 until they were

defeated by the British. The Scindia family ruled Gwalior until India's

independence from the United Kingdom in 1947, when the Maharaja Jivajirao

Scindia acceded to the Government of India. Gwalior was merged with a number

of other princely states to become the new Indian state of Madhya Bharat.

Jivajirao Scindia served as the state's rajpramukh, or appointed governor, from 28

May 1948 to 31 October 1956, when Madhya Bharat was merged into Madhya

Pradesh.

In 1962, Rajmata Vijayraje Scindia, the widow of Maharaja Jivajirao Scindia, was

elected to the Lok Sabha, beginning the family's career in electoral politics. She

was first a member of the Congress Party, and later became an influential member

of the Bharatiya Janata Party. Her son, Maharaja Madhavrao Scindia was elected

to the Lok Sabha in 1971 representing the Congress Party, and served until his

death in 2001. His son, Jyotiraditya Scindia, also in the Congress Party, was

elected to the seat formerly held by his father in 2004.

Former Vidhan Sabha when Gwalior was capital of Madhya Bharat

DEMOGRAPHICS

As of 2011 India census, Gwalior has a population of 1,123,505. Males constitute

53% of the population and females 47%. Gwalior has an average literacy rate of

85.20%, higher than the national average of 74%: male literacy is 90.85%, and

female literacy is 78.82%. In Gwalior, 13% of the population is under 6 years of

age.

Religion in Gwalior

Religion Percent

Hindus    85%

Muslims    10%

Jains    3.5%

Others†    1.5%

Distribution of religions

†Includes Sikhs (1%), Buddhists (<0.5%).

GEOGRAPHY

Gwalior is located at

26°13′N 78°11′E / 26.22°N 78.18°E .[7] in northern Madhya Pradesh 300 km

(186 miles) from Delhi. It has an average elevation of 197 metres (646 feet).

CLIMATE

Gwalior has a sub-tropical climate with hot summers from late March to early

July, the humid monsoon season from late June to early October, and a cool dry

winter from early November to late February. Under Köppen's climate

classification the city has a humid subtropical climate. The highest recorded

temperature was 48 °C and the lowest was −1 °C.

Summers start in late March, and along with other cities like Nagpur and Delhi,

are among the hottest in India and the world. Temperatures peak in May and June

with daily averages being around 33–35 °C (93–95 °F), and end in late June with

the onset of the monsoon. Gwalior receives 970 mm (39 in) of rain every year,

most of which is concentrated in the monsoon months from late June to early

October. August is the wettest month with about 310 mm (12 in) of rain. Winter in

Gwalior starts in late October, and is generally very mild with daily temperatures

averaging in the 14–16 °C (58–62 °F) range, and mostly dry and sunny conditions.

January is the coldest month with average lows in the 5–7 °C range (40–45 °F)

and occasional cold snaps that plummet temperatures to close to freezing.

Gwalior can be visited from late October to early March without much discomfort,

but the months from April to June should be avoided due to the extreme heat. The

monsoon months see sustained, torrential rainfall and risk of disease, and should

also generally be avoided.

Citrus fruits are grown here using irrigation methods.

TRANSPORTATION INFRASTRUCTURE

The city is well-connected by railway, road, and air methods of transportation.

RAILWAYS

Gwalior has a major railway station in its Metropolitan Area, the Gwalior

Junction (Station code: GWL). It is the part of the Jhansi Division of the North

Central Railways. Gwalior is one of the few places where both narrow gauge and

broad gauge railways tracks are still operational. The Gwalior narrow gauge

track is the narrowest in India. Gwalior Junction is a five Railway Track

intersection Point.

1. Goes to Agra (AGC), 2. Goes to Jhansi (JHS), 3. Goes to Shivpuri (SVPI), 4.

Goes to Bhind (BIX), 5. Goes to Sheopur Kalan (SOE) on Narrow Gauge Line.

Gwalior is one of the major commercial railway stations of the North Central

Railway, whose zonal Head-Quarter is centered in Allahabad. The station has won

awards from Indian Railways for Excellent clean infrastructure in 1987, 1988,

1989 and 1992. It is already in the Adrash Station Category of Indian Railways.

Gwalior is on the Main train line between Delhi (Station Code: NDLS) & Mumbai

(Bombay) (Station Code: CSTM) and between Delhi & Chennai (Station Code:

MAS) and many trains like Bhopal Shatabdi, Bhopal Express, Malwa Express,

Gondwana Express, Jabalpur - Jammutawi Express, Shreedham Express, Garib

Rath, Tamil Nadu Express, Chennai Rajdhni, and Goa Express connect Gwalior

with all major Indian cities like New Delhi, Mumbai, Kolkata, Chennai,

Hyderabad, Bengaluru, Pune, Bhopal, Indore, Kochi, Agra, Jabalpur, Ujjain,

Jaipur, Lucknow, Jhansi, and Thiruvananthapuram every day.

Some trains staring here and traveling towards Eastern India via Gwalior

Junction - Jhansi Junction, provide direct connections to points in Eastern India

including Kolkata (Calcutta), Barauni, Varanasi, and Allahabad. There are some

50 odd trains to New Delhi and Agra every day, Also same number of trans to

Bhopal and Nagpur. However, lesser numbers of trains are available for long

routes like Mumbai and Chennai.

The Gwalior City Limits cover three stations on broad gauge tracks, namely:

1. Gwalior Junction

2. Birlanagar

3. S ithouli

Also, the City Limits cover three stations on narrow gauge railway tracks, namely:

1. Gwalior NG

2. Ghosipura

3. MotiJheel

The luxury trains – the Maharaja Express and the India on Wheels - also stop at

Gwalior on their week-long round trip of tourist destinations in Central India.

ROADS

Gwalior is fairly well-connected to other parts of Madhya Pradesh and India by

national and state highways. The proposed North-south-Corridor of the Golden-

Quadrilateral Highway project passes through the city. The Agra-Bombay

national highway (NH3) passes through Gwalior, connecting it to Shivpuri on one

end and M.P. on the other. The city is connected to the Jhansi by the National

Highway 75, towards the south of the city. The northern part of the city is

connected to the holy city of Mathura via National Highway 3. There are bus

services to and from all major and minor cities near Gwalior, including Bhopal,

Agra, Delhi, Jabalpur, Jhansi, Bhind, Morena, Dholpur, Etawah, Datia, Jaipur,

and Indore.

AIR

Mirage 2000 (Vajra) at Gwalior air force station

Gwalior Airport (IATA: GWL, ICAO: VIGR), also called Rajmata Vijya Raje

Scindia Vimantal, is the airport of Gwalior. It has an Indian Air Force Base which

stations Mirage bombers.

AIRLINES AND DESTINATIONS

Airlines Destination

Air India Mumbai, New Delhi

Air India Regional New Delhi, Jabalpur

Ventura Airconnect Bhopal, Indore, Jabalpur

LOCAL TRANSPORT

Gwalior's public transport system mainly consists of Tempos, auto rickshaw taxis,

and micro-buses. Municipal Corporation's "Gwalior City Bus" covers some routes

in the city. Radio taxis are also available in Gwalior. The Tempos and auto-

rickshaws are often cited as a cause of pollution and road congestion, and the

local government has plans to replace the Tempos with vans that will run on

liquefied petroleum gas.

GWALIOR FORT

At the heart of Gwalior is Gwalior Fort of the Tomar dynasty. This formidable

structure was reputed to be one of the most structurally sound forts of India,

having been improved by Raja Man Singh Tomar where a previous structure

existed. It occupies an isolated rock outcrop. The hill is steepened to make it

virtually unscalable and is surrounded by high walls which enclose buildings from

several periods. The old town of Gwalior lies at the eastern base of the fortress.

Lashkar, formerly a separate town that originated as a military camp, lies to the

south, and Morar, also a formerly separate town, lies to the east. Gwalior,

Lashkar and Morar are presently part of the Gwalior Municipality.

The massive Gwalior Fort, popularly called "the Gibraltar of India", overlooks the

city. The Emperor Babur reputedly described it as "the pearl in the necklace of the

forts of Hind". This fort's architecture is unique. It displays a Chinese influence on

Indian architecture, as Chinese dragons have been crafted at the hilt of the pillars.

This influence was due to trade between China and India at the time of the fort's

construction.After the death of Sher Shah Suri in 1545, who was ruling North

India at that time, his son Islam Shah shifted his capital from Delhi to Gwalior and

constructed 'Sher Shah Mandir' (or 'Sher Shah Fort') in his father's memory. Islam

Shah operated from Gwalior until his death in 1553. Islam Shah had appointed the

Hindu warrior 'Hemu' or Hem Chandra Vikramaditya as his Prime Minister in

Sher Shah Fort for the first time, who later on became the Hem Chandra

Vikramaditya king at Delhi and established 'Hindu Raj' in North India, by virtue of

winning 22 battles continuously from Punjab to Bengal and defeating Akbar's

army in Agra and Delhi on 6 October 1556.

In the east of the city are two examples of early Mughal architecture: the

mausoleum of the 16th century Sufi Saint Ghous Mohammed and the tomb of Mian

Tansen, a great singer and one of the 'Nine Jewels' of the Mughal Emperor

Akbar's court. Right next to them is the Gujari Mahal, built by Gujjar King Man

Singh Tomar on demand of his consort Gujar princess "Mrignayani" (meaning

"having eyes like deer").The Mughal Emperor Akbar is also known to have

organized hunting parties near Gwalior.

Close to the heart of the city is Jai Vilas Palace, patterned on the palace of

Versailles. It combines Tuscan, Italian and Corinthian styles of architecture.

Rich in cultural heritage and architectural marvels, Gwalior has the added

advantage of its proximity to Agra, the city of the Taj Mahal; Khajuraho, the city

of great temples; and Delhi, the national capital.

Historically and architecturally, Gwalior is interesting first as a very ancient seat

of Jain worship; second for its example of palace architecture of the best Hindu

period (1486–1516); and third as an historic fortress. Many historical places are

found near the Dabra-Bhitarwar Road. Prior to the founding of Gwalior, the

region was also known by its ancient name of Gopasetra. The great Apabhramsha

poet Pandit Raighu lived in Gwalior. Gwalior had an institutional seat of the

Bhattarakas of Kashtha Sangh and later Mula Sangh.

View from the summit of the Gwalior Fort showing the palace of the Maharajah of Scindia, circa 1882.

According to history, the original fort of Gwalior was founded by the Bargujar

Kings during the 34th/35th century of Kali yuga as per puranas available with

them. His palace is the most interesting example of early Hindu work of its class in

India. Another palace of even greater extent was added to this in 1516. The

Mughal emperors, Jahangir and Shah Jahan, added palaces to these two, the

whole making a group of edifices unequaled for picturesqueness and interest by

anything of their class in central India. Among the apartments in the palace was

the celebrated chamber, named the Baradari, supported on 12 columns, and 45 ft

(15 m) square, with a stone roof, forming one of the most beautiful palace-halls in

the world. It was, besides, singularly interesting from the expedients to which the

Hindu architect was forced to resort to imitate the vaults of the Muslims. Of the

buildings, however, which so excited the admiration of the first Mughal emperor

Babur, probably little now remains.

Jai Vilas Palace in Lashkar is a marvelous palace museum, part of which is open

to the public and gives a glimpse into the life of the royal family. The fort area is

also home of the Scindia School, a well-regarded institution founded by the late

Maratha Maharaja Madhavraoji Shinde of Gwalior in 1897.

TELI KA MANDIR

The Telikā Mandir, or 'oil-man's temple', owes its name to Teli, a term for an oil

grinder or oil dealer. Many suggestions have been put forward to explain this

name historically, but in fact the name is not old, the temple being used for

processing oil before the British occupied the fort and used the building, albeit

temporarily, as a coffee shop. The Telikā Mandir is the loftiest temple among all

the buildings in Gwalior Fort with a height of about 30m. The temple consists of a

garba griha, that is, sanctum proper for the deity, and an antarala to enter into the

temple. It can be approached by a flight of steps provided on the eastern side. The

most striking feature of the temple is the wagon-vaulted roof, a form used over

rectangular shrines which normally accommodated a row of Mother Goddesses.

The goddesses from the interior vanished centuries ago and have not been traced,

even in fragments. The exterior walls of the temple are richly decorated with

sculptures, many of which are damaged; the niches, shaped like temples, are

empty. The building carries a dedicatory inscription to the goddess in a niche on

the southern side, but otherwise does not have any history. The architectural style,

discussed by a number of architectural historians, points to a date in the late 8th

Century. The building was erected just as the Gurjara Pratihāras were asserting

their power over central India. The entrance gateway on the eastern side is a later

addition of the British period, made by Major Keith in 1881. It was built as a way

of saving various historic pillars and other pieces no longer in their original

context.

TELI-KA-MANDIR

JAIN ROCK-CUT SCULPTURES

A striking part of the Jain remains at Gwalior is a series of caves or rock-cut

sculptures, excavated in the rock on all sides, and numbering nearly a hundred,

great and small. Most of them are mere niches to hold statues, though some are

cells that may have been originally intended for residences. According to

inscriptions, they were all excavated within a short period of about thirty-three

years, between 1441 and 1474. One of the colossal figures is 57 ft (17 m) high,

taller than any other in northern India.

GURUDWARA

Gwalior Fort also has the Gurudwara, built in the memory of the sixth Sikh, Guru

Har Gobind. This Gurudwara is particularly large and grand, built entirely of

marble with coloured glass decorating the main building. Recital of the Guru

Granth Sahib creates a peaceful and sacred atmosphere. Mughal kings used to

visit Gwalior regularly. During the Sikh genocide of 1984, many Sikhs were

burned alive here. There is a Gurdwara that was converted to a mandir of "kalli

devi" and process is on to take it back by Sikhs.

SUN TEMPLE GWALIOR

A temple built by Birla group is dedicated to the Sun god, the Sun Temple is

located near residency at Morar, Gwalior. It is a facsimile of the famous Sun

temple of Konark, Orissa and now this sun temple is one among the significant

pilgrimage centers in Gwalior. It is the place which gives best examples of peace

and neatness in gwalior.

The temple is located in a serene ambience and a well-maintained garden within

the temple premises is very attractive. This holy temple draws the locals and

tourists alike who gather here to render their prayers. It makes one astounded that

a shrine of comparatively modern origin holds such a highest regard, and became

one among the most sought after pilgrimage centers in the city.

REVOLT OF 1857

Gwalior is also known for its participation in the 1857 revolt, mainly due to Rani

Lakshmibai's involvement. After Kalpi (Jhansi) fell into the hands of the British on

24 May 1858, Lakshmibai sought shelter at Gwalior Fort. The Maharaja of

Gwalior was not willing to give up his fort without a fight as he was a nominal ally

of the British, but after negotiations, his troops capitulated and the rebels took

possession of the fort. The British wasted no time in attacking Gercest, the

bloodiest battle ever fought on Indian soil.Empty citation (help) Indian forces

numbered around 20,000, and British forces around 1600. Lakshmibai's example

is remembered to this day by Indian nationalists. She died fighting, and Gwalior

was captured. Tatya Tope and Rao Sahib escaped. Tatya Tope was later captured

and hanged in April 1859.

ART AND CULTURE

Gwalior is a well acknowledged place of art, associated with historic as well as

contemporary evidence. In August 2005 a mural created by Aasutosh Panigrahi

and five other artists was acknowledged as the World's Largest Indoor Mural by

Guinness World Records.

Marathi Sahitya Sammelan, the conference on Marathi Literature were held once

in Gwalior City. It was presided by President of the Conference writer Kusumavati

Deshpande (and wife of Kavi Anil) in 1961. She was the first female president of

the annual Sammelan since its inception in 1878.

Culturally Gwalior is the confluence of two rich cultures Bundeli and Braj.

Bundelkhand covers Gwalior, Bhind, Morena, Sagar, Shivpuri, Guna, Sheopur

and adjoining areas.

MUSIC

Tansen, born in Behat, trained in music at Vrindavan, served Raja Ramchandra

Waghela of Bandhawgarh, then went to M.P. under the patronage of Akbar. After

the death of Tansen in Fatehpur Sikri and cremation in Agra, his ashes were

buried in Gwalior. Tansen Samaroh is held every year in Gwalior. Sarod maestro

Ustad Amjad Ali Khan is also from the royal city of Gwalior. His grandfather,

Ghulam Ali Khan Bangash, became a court musician in Gwalior.

TOMB OF TANSEN

Gwalior holds an unparalleled reputation in Sangeet. Baijnath Prasad (alias Baiju

Bawra) was a classical singer (Dhrupadiya) who lived in Gwalior for his whole

life under the patronage of Man Singh. Baiju was born in Chanderi and was

cremated there. He received his musical training in Brindaban under Swami Guru

Haridas Ji. He was the court musician of Gwalior along with Nayak Charju,

Bakshu, and others.

Amjad Ali Khan, who was born at Gwalior

GWALIOR GHARANA

The Gwalior Gharana is one of the oldest Khayal Gharanas and one to which most

classical Indian musicians can trace the origin of their style. The rise of the

Gwalior Gharana started with the reign of the great Mughal emperor Akbar

(1542–1605). The favorite singers of this patron of the arts, such as Miyan Tansen,

first amongst the vocalists at the court, came from the town of Gwalior. Gwalior

has an important role in the journey of music in India, so much that every year, the

Tansen Festival is celebrated at the tomb of Tansen in Gwalior.

DHRUPAD

Dhrupad is a vocal genre in Hindustani classical music, said to be the oldest still

in use in that musical tradition. Its name is derived from the words "dhruva"

(fixed) and "pada" (words). The term may denote both the verse form of the poetry

and the style in which it is sung. Raja Man Singh Tomar, the King of Gwalior

between 1486-1516 AD, was a patron of Dhrupad.

TANSEN SANGEET SAMAROH

The famous Tansen Sangeet Samaroh, or the Tansen Music Festival, is celebrated

every year on the Tansen Tomb in Gwalior. Tansen Samaroh is a platform where

artists from all over India gather and participate to deliver vocal and instrumental

performances. Gwalior's environment during the festival turns mystical with

melodious music echoing. Music lovers from far and wide make it a point to be a

part of this event at any cost, as it is a memorable experience for them. The Tansen

Sangeet Samaroh is organized by the government of MP, in association with the

Academy of the department of culture in MP. During the festival, music lovers and

artists from all over the world gather to offer their bit of tribute to the all-time

music Maestro Tansen. To date, this festival has the honor of being the only

musical show in Gwalior that takes place on multiple days and nights. The

academy offers honors to senior celebrities and junior artists by including them in

the Samaroh through their music of performance. Tansen was a legendary singer

of Akbar’s mughal court. Tansen, a legendary exponent of the Hindustani classical

music's dhrupad style, was counted among the Nine Jewels of the Royal Court. In

remembrance of this exemplary artist there is a tomb constructed in Gwalior

called the Tansen Tomb. This is where the Tansen Music Festival or the Tansen

Samaroh is organized every year. This annual music festival started in the 1930s.

The passage of time has only glorified the status of this annual historic event. At

present, renowned artists from all over the country come to perform and exhibit

their excellence while in turn mesmerizing the audience. The venue Gwalior has

retained Indian traditions and the wealth of music intact over the years. The

famous Gwalior Gharana of music is actually inspired by the Tansen style of

music. In all, the four-day musical extravaganza called Tansen Samaroh is an

audio as well as visual treat, seeing the exemplary and renowned music expertise

in artists all over India dedicating their bit of honor to the greatest ever musical

mentor, Tansen. The Tansen Music Festival, or Tansen Samaroh, is held every

year in the month of December. The experience of melodious music with the

chilling weather of autumn makes it an ecstatic festival.

MAIN FESTIVALS

All national festivals, Diwali, Bhai Dooj, Holi, Makara Sankranti, Eid-ul-Fitr,

Christmas, Rakhi, Mahavir jayanti, and other local ones such as Nag-Panchmi,

Shreenath Mahadji Maharaj Punyatithi, Ganesh Utsav, Gangaur, Teej, Gudi

Padwa (Marathi New Year), Navratri, Dussehara, Durga Puja are celebrated with

equal enthusiasm. Last decade has seen a rise in the celebration of events such as

Valentine's Day, Rose Day and New Year's Eve.

Ganesh Chaturthi is celebrated in a unique way in Gwalior City. People of

Gwalior arrange a carnival of floats (known as "Jhanki" in the local Hindi

language) in various places of the city.

Gwalior also celebrates Rang Panchami quite differently. This festival is celebrated

five days after Dulendi or Holi. This is also celebrated like Dulendi, but colors are mixed

with water and then either sprinkled or poured on others.

Makar Sankranti is a 'Kite Festival' on 14 January each year, where people fly kites and

compete to cut each other's kites in the sky.

MEDIA AND COMMUNICATION

Print media: Here are a number of newspapers, magazines, local TV

stations and four FM Radio stations.

SouLSteer Magazine a bi-monthly lifestyle and automotive magazine in Gwalior

that is popular among every age group.

Patrika is the leading Newspaper and Dainik Bhaskar is one of the oldest and most

widely read newspapers. Swadesh and Naidunia are among well established

newspapers.

Other popular newspapers published in Gwalior are BPN Times, Raj Express,

Dainik Madhya Raj, Nav Bharat,Youth Engine, Dainik Jagran, People's

Samachar, Dainik Adityaz.

Evening newspapers : Sandhya Samachaar,Gwalior Sandesh, Sudarshan.

Electronic media: The radio industry has expanded with a number of

private FM channels being introduced. The FM radio channels that

broadcast in the city include Big FM (92.7 MHz), Radio Chaska FM

(95 MHz), My FM (94.3 MHz), and Raseela (91.9 MHz). State-owned

company, Doordarshan, transmits two terrestrial television channels. The

city has local TV stations from various companies. Major local channels

include Hathway Win, Harsh Networks, KMJ Communications, and DEN

networks.

Communication services : Gwalior is covered by a large network of

optical fibre cables. There are three fixed telephone line operators in the

city: BSNL, Reliance and Airtel. There are eight mobile phone companies in

which GSM players include BSNL, Reliance, Vodafone, Idea, Airtel, Tata

DoCoMo, Aircel, Videocon; CDMA services offered by BSNL, Virgin

Mobile, Tata Indicom and Reliance.

Entertainment : Gwalior has three shopping malls, DD City Mall with

Fun Cinemas multiplex, Maya-Gitanjali Mall with Gold Digital Multiplex

and the Central Mall. Salasar Mall City Centre, similarly to DD City Mall,

also contains a multiplex. There are several gaming zones, three

Discothèques (DnD, Barcode, and Spectrum), and a water park in Gwalior.

"Sun City Amusement Park" is a family entertainment center in Gwalior.

There is also a water park close to Oxford Public School on Jhansi Road.

The SouLSteer Club is an exclusive car-owners club in Gwalior.

EDUCATION

IITTM Gwalior

Gwalior has seven universities: Amity University Madhya-Pradesh, Jiwaji

University, Lakshmi Bai National University for Physical Education (LNUPE),

Atal Bihari Vajpayee - Indian Institute of Information Technology and

Management, Gwalior (IIITM), R.V.S. Agriculture University Gwalior (RVSKVV),

R.M.T. Music and Arts University Gwalior. The Scindia School Gwalior and

Scindia Kanya Vidyalaya (SKV) are famous schools of international repute. Some

esteemed colleges and institutes include Madhav Institute of Technology & Science

(MITS Gwalior), an autonomous body and Excellent Government Engineering

College; Rustamji Institute of Technology (RJIT Tekanpur), the first Engineering

College in India established by a para-military force; Indian Institute of Tourism

and Travel Management (IITTM Gwalior); and The Indian Institute of Hotel

Management (IHM Gwalior). Beautifully Architectured Private University namely

ITM Gwalior is Central India's best in terms of overall personality development

and placements. Apart from Universities Gwalior City contains numerous

Engineering, Science and Arts Colleges, such as the Vikrant Institute of

Technology & Management.

Gwalior is also home to many computer institutes which are spreading computer

education across Gwalior district. Some of the software training institute include

Someone-ITM, SSI, ROM computer, IITECH, and Prom, and some of the reputed

hardware institutes include Jetking, GT, and Uma.

ECONOMY OF GWALIOR

GWALIOR FAIR

Gwalior enjoys being at a very strategic position as being a main junction on New

Delhi - Chennai railroad and being on NH-3 and NH-75. Gwalior is surrounded

by 3 Industrial areas - Sitholi, Banmore and Malanpur. All three of these sectors

are on NH 75, NH-3 and NH 92 respectively, with Malanpur being the largest. The

city used to have big manufacturing industries, such as Gwalior Grasim and

J.C.MILLS of Birlanagar, but now this sector is left with only one industry -

J.B.Mangharam Ltd. But the other 3 sectors have many industries. The important

are from dairy, chemical, manufacturing, textiles, and other industries. Handicraft

and small industries are also found like Gwalior potteries. Gwalior is also an

important historical and tourism sector of the country. Therefore, the tourism

sector also puts an effect into the city's economy. Gwalior is part of NCR. The

Gwalior Trade Fair is an annual trade fair showcasing the economy of Gwalior.

There are some manufacturing set-ups of some companies like Ranbaxy

Laboratories, Cadbury, J. K. Tyres, Surya Bulbs, and SynRam.

AREAS OF THE CITY

THE OLD TOWN

The old town of Gwalior, commonly called Hazira, which is of considerable size

but irregularly built, lies at the eastern base of the rock. It contains the tomb of the

Sufi saint Khwaja Khanoon & Muhammad Ghaus, erected during the early part of

Mughal emperor Akbar’s reign, and the tomb of Mian Tansen, a great singer and

one of the 'Nine Jewels' of Akbar's court. A town called by his name Ghauspura

situated near the tomb of Mohaommed Ghaus.

view of Gwalior Fort from the Old city

Close to the heart of the city is splendid Jai Vilas Palace, patterned on the French

palace of Versailles. The town has a museum situated in the Gujari Mahal.

LASHKAR

JIWAJI CHOWK AT GWALIOR

The name of Lashkar is a Persian word meaning 'army' or 'camp', as this was

originally the camp, and later the permanent capital, of the Scindia dynasty of

Gwalior state. Lashkar was the capital of Madhya Bharat from 1950 to 1956.

Jayaji Chowk is the central focus of Lashkar, with a large square, a former opera

house, banks, tea, coffee and juice stands and a municipal market building.

Thriving bazaars surround the chowk. Many jewelry shops are situated near Jayaji

Chowk, also known as Maharaj bada. A source of water for the city is Tighra

Dam, built on the Saank river 20 km to the north. The Gajra Raja Medical

College, founded in 1946 by the Maharaja Jiwaji Rao Scindia and the Maharani

Vijayaraje Scindia, is situated in Lashkar on Palace Road, near Katora Taal,

together with a group of many hospitals.

MORAR

Morar, formerly a separate town, lies three miles (5 km) east of the old city. It was

formerly a British military cantonment. Morar is generally considered a rural

farming town. The area is known as the "green part" of Gwalior because much of

the area is still rural.

Morar was the scene of the most serious uprising in Central India. On June 1,

1858, Jayajirao led his forces to Morar to fight a rebel army led by Tatya Tope,

Rani Lakshmibai and Rao Sahib. This army had 7,000 infantry, 4,000 cavalry and

12 guns while he had only 1,500 cavalry, his bodyguard of 600 men and 8 guns.

He waited for their attack which came at 7 o'clock in the morning; in this attack

the rebel cavalry took the guns and most of the Gwalior forces except the

bodyguard went over to the rebels (some deserted). The Maharaja and the

remainder fled without stopping until they reached the British garrison at Agra. By

1900 it had become a centre for local trade and had an important training

industry, with a population of 19,179 in 1901.

The second Temple of the Sun in India (after the Konark Sun Temple) is situated in

Morar at Residency Road. This Sun Temple was built by the Aditya Birla Trust.

The cantonment area makes up a large area of Morar which contains official

residences for the Indian Army. It has many canteens for Army personnel. Saint

Paul's School and Pragati Vidyapeeth School are nearby. There is an air force

base in the Pinto Park region.

THATIPUR

Thatipur is said to have got its name from State Army Unit 34, which once resided

there. Gandhi Road divides Thatipur into two areas. On going along the road, one

enters Morar at one end and Balwant Nagar on the other. It primarily consists of

Darpan Colony, Madhav Rao Scindhiya Enclave, the government blocks, Vivek

Nagar, and Suresh Nagar. Places of note are the Dwarikadhish Mandir, Bhagwan

colony, the Tomar building, Chauhan Pyau, Galla Kothar, Ramkrishna Aashram,

Saraswati Nagar, Govindpuri, Gayatri Vihar, Shakti Vihar, Shakuntalapuri, Shanti

Vihar, and Mayur market along with Sai Baba Mandir in Shakti Vihar Colony.

GOLA KA MANDIR

Gola Ka Mandir is one of the important circles of Gwalior which connect the city

to many of the important national highways. The highway starts from Gola Ka

Mandir Circle in Gwalior, and ends in Bhaogaon in UP. In Gwalior, it is better

known as Airport Road, as the Gwalior Airport is situated on this road. It is now

been developed as a four-lane highway from Gola Ka Mandir in Gwalior to

Malanpur Industrial Area in Bhind District because of the heavy traffic in the

area. It is typically used as a link from Gwalior to Malanpur, Bhind and Etawah.

HEALTHCARE

The prominent hospitals of Gwalior include Gajara Raja Medical College and the

associated J.A. Hospital, Kamla Raja Hospital, Sahara Hospital, Mascot Hospital,

Birla Hospital, Cancer Hospital & Research Institute and many good private

doctor clinics. The Cancer Hospital & Research Institute is a nationally acclaimed

medical center in Oncology. There is also a charitable hospital named SATCH

(Shri Anandpur Trust Charitable Hospital) which provides free treatment. There is

a government Ayurvedic college and a private homeopathic college (Vasundhara

Raje Homoeopathic Medical College) which is run by the Biochemic and

Homoeopathic Association of Gwalior, also providing health care education and

services.

SPORTS IN GWALIOR

Lakshmibai National University for Physical Education (operational since 1957 is

one of the largest physical education institutions in the country. Gwalior also has

the Railway Hockey Stadium with artificial turf. Roop Singh Stadium is a cricket

ground with a capacity of 45,000. The stadium has hosted 10 One Day

International (ODI) matches. Of the 10 matches played so far, the first one was

played between India and West Indies on 22 January 1988. The ground has flood

lights and has also hosted day-night encounters. One match of the 1996 Cricket

World Cup was also played on this ground, between India and West Indies. This

ground is famous for hosting the ODI between India and South Africa in which

Sachin Tendulkar scored a double century.

FUTURE DEVELOPMENTS

The most important of all these is the SADA Counter Magnet City, which is under

the Indian urban development NCR plan. It has also been introduced to increase

the investments in the sectors such as Education, Industry, and real estate.

Although the closing of prominent industries like Hotline, Cimmco, Grasim

Gwalior resulted in a huge downfall in Gwalior's economical market, now the

revival process has successfully begun.

PLACES OF INTEREST

Maharaj Bada is the biggest and most important market of Gwalior.

Seven ancient buildings of different styles of architecture (Italian, Russian,

Mughal, Rajputi, Chinese, etc.) can be viewed.

THE TOWN HALL SITUATED IN BADA

Gopachal Parvat is situated on the mountainous terrain at the slopes of

Gwalior Fort. Gopachal Parvat contains unique statues of Jain

Tirthankaras. The idol of Lord Parshvanath seated on a lotus (carved out

of a single stone) is the largest in the world, towering at 47 feet in height

and 30 feet in breadth. There is a series of 26 Jain statues in a single line.

Built between 1398 and 1536 by Tomar kings, these Jain Tirthankar statues

are one of a kind in architecture and a treasure trove of old Indian heritage

and culture. Gopachal Parvat is located approximately 2 km from the

railway station and bus stand.

Tomb of Rani Lakshmibai, a famous freedom fighter, at Phoolbag

area. It is here where the great warrior queen of Jhansi died in 1858

fighting against the British. It is also her burial place.

Municipality Museum, one of the importants museum of the city is

situated a little distance from Rani Lakshmibai's tomb.

Municipality Museum

Vivsvaan Mandir (Sun Temple), A newly built temple dedicated to

the Sun god, the Sun Temple is located near the residency at Morar,

Gwalior. It is a facsimile of the famous Sun temple of Konark, Orissa and

now this sun temple is one among the significant pilgrimage centers in

Gwalior. The temple is located in a serene ambiance and a well-maintained

garden within the temple premises is very attractive. This holy temple draws

the locals and tourists alike who gather here to render their prayers. It

makes one astounded that a shrine of comparatively modern origin is held

in such high regard, and became one among the most sought after

pilgrimage centers in the city.

Jai Vilas Mahal is the residential palace turned museum of Scindias in

the heart of the city. The palace has notable collections of antiques and also

some of the old time gadgets and collections that can't be easily seen.The

museum is one of the largest in Madhya Pradesh and has the world's

largest chandelier and the complex is a mixture of British as well as Hindu

architecture. The palace was made in 1874 as an attempt to bring the

palace of Versailles to Gwalior and the Jai Vilas Palace was a successful

attempt.

Jai Vilas Palace

Gwalior trade fair was started in 1905 by Maharaja Madho Rao, king

of Gwalior. It has become the biggest fair of Madhya Pradesh and one of

the most colorful fairs of India. It starts in the second week of January and

continues until February.

Modern 5D is the MP's first multi-dimensional theater launched in the

2011 trade fair of Gwalior. It was built by Gwalior's leading enterprise

Modern Techno Projects (P) Ltd. Modern 5D is recognized as India's first

own multi-dimensional theater.

Shyam Vatika is a banquet hall which has the world's largest indoor

mural, as recognized by Guinness World Records.

Chatris of Scindias is situated close to the city near Achaleshwar

temple and is the burial place for the Scindias who ruled the city for many

years. Designated persons like Maharaja Madhavrao Scindia, Vijayaraje

Scindia and His Highness Jivajirao Scindia were cremated here.

HERITAGE ROAD IN FRONT OF CHATRIS OF SCINDIAS

Tansen's tomb: Gwalior is the birthplace of the famous musician

Tansen. He was one of the "Nine Gems of Akbar".

Gaus Mohammad tomb: The tombs of Great Gaus Mohammad and

Tansen are situated on the same territory.

GAUS MOHAMMAD TOMB

GWALIOR FORT

Gwalior Fort stands on an isolated rock, overlooking the Gwalior town, and

contains a number of historic buildings. It is one of the biggest forts in India and a

postage stamp has been issued by the Indian Postal Service to commemorate the

importance of this fort. From historical records, it is established that it was built in

the 8th century. The fortress and the city have been integral to the history of the

kingdoms of North India. It is said that the Mughal Emperor Babur (1483–1531)

described it as "the pearl in the necklace of the forts of Hind". The fort, also given

the epithet "Gibraltar of India', provides a panoramic view of the old Gwalior

town, which is to its east.

Gujari Mahal - Within the fort are some marvels of medieval

architecture. The 15th century Gujari Mahal is a monument to the love of

Raja Mansingh Tomar for his intrepid Gujar Queen, Mrignayani. The outer

structure of Gujari Mahal has survived in an almost total state of

preservation; the interior has been converted into Archaeological Museum

housing rare antiquities, some of them dating back to the 1st century A.D.

Even though many of these have been defaced by the iconoclastic Mughals,

their perfection of form has survived the ravages of time. Particularly worth

seeing is the statue of Shalbhanjika from Gyraspur, the tree goddess, the

epitome of perfection in miniature. The statue is kept in the custody of the

museum's curator, and can be seen on request.

Sas – bahu temple - A 9th century shrine, Saas-Bahu temple in the fort

allures not only the devotees but also the tourists with its artistic value.

Despite what its name may suggest, these temples are not dedicated to Sas

(mother-in-law) and Bahu (daughter-in-law) but rather the short form of

Shashtra Bahu, another name of Lord Vishnu. These temples situated

adjacent to each other and the larger one is elaborately decorated with

beautiful carvings and sculptures. The roof of the larger temple is adorned

with a marvelous lotus carving which is very fascinating. These ancient

temples display exceptional architectural brilliance and are a perfect

destination for pious people.

Teli Ka Mandir (Telangana Mandir) - A lofty structure of about 100

feet, Teli Ka Mandir in Gwalior Fort distinguishes itself from the other

compositions of its time because of its unique architecture. Though the roof

of the temple holds a Dravidian look, the sculptures are typically north

Indian.

The temple bears a close resemblance to the temple of Prathihara Vishnu,

and is filled with images of coiled serpents, passionate couples, river

goddesses, and a flying Garuda. The temple architecture follows the Indo-

Aryan and Nagara styles that exhibit superior artistic caliber. A marvelous

temple, believed to be among the oldest constructions in the fort, gives an

enchanting experience to the visitor.

Gwalior Zoo (Gandhi zoological Park) - This is one of the most

lively and beautiful zoological parks of Madhya Pradesh. Its main

attractions include Jamuna, a white tiger, serpents, golden pheasants,

sambhar, hyena, bison, and others.

Sambhar at Gwalior zoo

Sarod Ghar - This Museum of Music has been set up in the old ancestral

house of the legendary Ustad Hafiz Ali Khan. It houses ancient instruments

of the great Indian Masters of the past. It also houses an impressive

collection of photographs and documents. Sarod Ghar is a unique

institution devoted to promoting Indian classical music, heritage and

culture. Through this 'window' to the past, music lovers can gain a better

understanding of the evolution and history of our classical music and a

deeper perspective and insight into the context of the art as it exists today.

Roop Singh Stadium is a cricket ground. The stadium has hosted 10

One Day International (ODI) matches. Of the 10 matches played so far, the

first one was played between India and West Indies on 22 January 1988.

The ground has flood lights and has hosted day-night encounters as well.

One match of the 1996 Cricket World Cup was also played on this ground,

between India and West Indies. This ground is famous for hosting the ODI

between India and South Africa in which Sachin Tendulkar scored a double

century.

City Mall, one of the biggest malls of Madhya Pradesh. A multi-storied

grand structure, it houses shops and showrooms of many national and

international brands and has a number of eateries, as well as a Fun

Cinemas multiplex. There are also some international and world-famous

fast food restaurants like Domino's Pizza and McDonald's in DD City Mall.

Deen Dayal City Mall

Tighra Dam : located on the outskirts of the city, Tighra is a nice place

for an outing. Tighra Dam is now being used to store water from the Sank

river and supply water to the whole of the city.

MALLS IN GWALIOR

DD City Mall

Salasar Mall

Central Mall

Madhav Plaza Mall

Parasmani Mall

Rajiv Plaza

BSNL Mall

FAMOUS PERSONALITIES FROM GWALIOR

TANSEN

Amjad Ali Khan ; sarod player and musician

Atal Bihari Vajpayee ; former Prime Minister of India

Ganesh Shankar Vidyarthi ; Famous Hindi writer; born in Gwalior

Jyotiraditya Scindia ; Minister of Power

Madhavrao Scindia ; Indian politician and minister

Nida Fazli ; famous Urdu writer and poet

Roop Singh ; Indian hockey player and Olympian

Shahzad Rizvi; Indian-born American novelist, poet and scholar

Shivendra Singh ; Indian national hockey player; born and lives in Gwalior

GALLERY

Sun Temple

Tighra Dam

Statue Guarding Entrance to Gujari Mahal

One of the Seven Gates of the Gwalior Fort

Gujari Mahal, now a museum, inside Gwalior Fort

Sas-Bahu Ka Mandir at Gwalior Fort

Former central press at Gwalior

Beautiful Chinese hand craft work on the walls of Gwalior Fort

INTRODUCTION OF ABOUT STUDY

GWALIOR FORT

Gwalior Fort is in the central Indian state of Madhya Pradesh. It was built in

around 8th century on an isolated hillock overlooking the Gwalior town. It is one

of the biggest forts in India and had enormous influence on the history of India.

The fort has two important parts namely, the main fort and the Palaces (Gurjari

Mahal and the Man Mandir palace). The Palaces were built by Raja Man Singh

Tomar. The Gurjari Mahal was built for his favourite queen, Mrignayani. The

Gurjari Mahal is now converted into an Archaeological Museum.

HISTORY

Panoramic view of Gwalior Fort.

EARLY HISTORY

The fort was ruled by several Rajput kings. The earliest dating of the fort is quoted

to a publication of the Government of India on Gwalior, which traces it to an

inscription of 525 AD in a Sun temple, which is said to have been built by the Hun

(Huna) emperor Mihirakula (Sveta Huna ruler in 510 AD during the reign of Huns

in India)

The Chaturbhuj temple is a Vishnu) on the way to the fort, dated to 875 AD, which

has close identity with the Teli-Ka-Mandir, which is also dated to the 8th century.

This temple is notable for the earliest known recording of the number zero.

KACCHAWAHA PAL DYNASTY

Historical research has dated construction of the fort to 727 AD (legend puts it as

275 AD) by a local chieftain named Surya Sena Kacchawaha, who was from a

village Sihonia about 12 miles from the fort. On a hunting expedition once

Surajsen met a hermit Gwalip (also called 'Galava' in some accounts) who gave

him water and told him of a cure for his diseases from the water of a reservoir

nearby which is called Surajkund now.

From Suraj Pal the founder of the dynasty to Budha Pal the last of his line there

were 84 kings who reigned during a period of 989 years under the patronymic of

Pal. The son of Budha Pal took the name of Tej Karan and the time had now

arrived for the prophecy of the Saint Gwalpa, who had said that lineage of Suraj

Pal would continue as long they used the patronym 'PAL'.

Ran Mul the Chief of Amber (Jaipur) had a daughter who was married to Tej

Karan of Gwalior and brought along with her horses, elephants and other

valuables as dowry. Tej Karan was offered succession to the throne of Amber on

condition that he consents to make Amber his home as the reigning sovereign. He

accepted the offer as the State of Gwalior at that time was less in value and

influence than that of Amber. During his absence from Gwalior the affairs were

managed by Ram Deva Pratihar who after two years of successful administration

became the de facto ruler of Gwalior. Thus the rule was transferred from the Pal

dynasty to the family of Pratihars.

PRATIHAR RULERS AT GWALIOR

The following is list of Pratihar rulers at Gwalior:

1. Pramal Dev # Salam Dev

2. Bikram Dev

3. Ratan Dev

4. Shobhang Dev

5. Narsinh Dev

6. Pramal Dev

TURKIC CONQUEST

In 1023 AD Mahmud of Ghazni attacked to capture the fort but was repulsed. In

1196 AD, after a long siege, Qutubuddin Aibak. the first Turkic Sultan of Delhi

Sultanate took over the fort but he lost it in 1211 AD. It was reconquered in 1231

AD by Sultan Iltumish, the Turkic slave dynasty ruler of Delhi Sultanate. When

Timurlane invaded Delhi and created anarchy in the region, Narasingh Rao, a

Hindu chieftain captured the fort.

TOMAR RULERS

The Tomars ruled Gwalior from 1398 to 1505 when they were defeated by Ibrahim

lodhi. The best known of them was Man Singh (1486-1516)who built the Man

Mandir palace.

Two Rajput brothers of the Tanwar clan of Rajputs named Parmal Deva(Veer

Singh) and Adhar Deva from the village of Esamamola situated in the Perganna of

Dandrolee were in the service of the Sultan of Delhi. One night while it was pitch

dark and the rain falling in torrents the Sultan happened to be standing at a

balcony whence he beheld two soldiers standing on duty whilst the rest of their

comrades were fast asleep. Both of them advanced towards the Emperor who on

learning that they belonged to the detachment under the command of Sikandar

Khan was much pleased with their conduct as evinced by their devotion to their

duty. He permitted them to make any request which would be at once granted.

They related their story which purported to be that they had always been true to

their salt but were unable to serve the State diligently so long as their children

were wandering in the jungle for want of a decent home. They concluded their

recital in the true Rajput fashion with a request that Gwalior might be given to

them as a place of residence for their families.

The Sultan commanded them to be present at the Durbar the next day when their

petition would be granted without any further solicitation on their part. The sturdy

Rajputs well acquainted with the ways of Oriental Courts represented the

difficulties they were sure to encounter in attempting to have access to the Sultan

in a formal Durbar. The Emperor however assured them of his good will towards

them and when at the appointed hour the two brothers stood at a respectful

distance from the Audience Hall the Sultan proving as good as his word

summoned them both to his presence and gave them Gwalior as an Inam

(Reward). They brought the mandate of the sovereign to the Syads - hereditary

charge of the Fortress but these pious gentlemen did not consider it worth their

while to pay much attention to the firman that would have deprived them of their

hereditary possession.

The two Rajputs however continued their attendance on the Syads very

submissively and at last hit on a stratagem to achieve the desired end as they had

already ingratiated themselves by their submissive conduct into the favour of the

Syads, the latter were asked to a dinner party to be given in their honour at a

village named Raneepura whither the unsuspecting descendants of the grandsons

of the Arabian Prophet repaired with their whole families. The food mixed with

intoxicating drugs was served in the true Oriental style and the guests after

partaking heartily of the meal that was to be their last on earth retired to rest in

the tents placed at their disposal by their hosts when at a given signal a band of

Rajputs who were concealed in a secluded place rushed in with swords in their

hands and the poor sleeping innocents were murdered in cold blood for disobeying

the mandate of their rightful sovereign.

1. Vir Singh(Or Pramal Dev) or Bir Sing Deo AD 1375 (1432 V.S.). a

Zamindar of Dandroli, captured fort from a Sayyid King of Gwalior.

2. Uddhharan Dev, Brother of VirSingh Dev, ruled for some time.

3. Lakshman dev Tomar

4. Viramdev AD 1400 (1457 V.S.) s/o Virsingh Dev.

5. Ganapati Dev Tomar AD 1419

6. Dugarendra (Dungar) Singh AD 1424, consolidated Gwalior as a major

power of central India. Built the Ganesha Pole.

7. Kirti Singh Tomar AD 1454, Fought with Rana Kumbha of Mewar against

Muhommadan Kings of Malwa (Mehmood Khilji).

8. Mangal Dev was yougner son of Kirti Singh and had and estate of 120

villages in Dhodri and Amba of Tomargarh, he tried to recapture Gwalior

after the fall of Tomars in AD 1516.

9. Kalyanmalla Tomar AD 1479

10. Man Singh Tomar AD 1486, Musician and father of Dhrupat Gharana.

greatest of the Tomar Kings of Gwalior.

11. Vikramaditya Tomar AD 1516, AD 1518- Ibrahim Lodhi captured Fort

Gwalior.

After him, the local Tomar clan was reduced to the status of a local

zamndar.

1. Ramshah Tomar AD 1526, Ousted from Gwalior, fought at Haldighati with

Maharana Pratap.

2. Salivahan Tomar - AD 1576 fought at Haldighati for Maharan Pratap.

MEDIEVAL HISTORY OF FORT

Samrat Hem Chandra Vikramaditya, the Hindu emperor of North India. He

launched several attacks on rebel Afghans and Mughals from this fort between

1553-1556.

It was only in 1519 that Ibrahim Lodi of the Lodi Dynasty won control of the fort.

Subsequent to his death, Mughal emperor Babar manipulated the situation and

took control of the fort. But with his son Humayun's defeat at the hands of Sher

Shah Suri, the fort came under the reign of the Suri dynasty.

After Sher Shah Suri's death in 1540, his son Islam Shah shifted his capital from

Delhi to Gwalior as it was considered safe from the frequent attacks from west. In

the year 1553, when Islam Shah died his incumbent Adil Shah Suri appointed the

Hindu warrior Hemu also known as Hem Chandra Vikramaditya as the Prime

Minister-cum-Chief of Army of his kingdom. Adil Shah himself moved to Chunar

as it was considered still safer. Hemu mounted several attacks from this fort to

quell the rebellion in various parts of North India against the weak Adil Shah

regime. The fort remained very active during 1553-56 as Hemu had fought and

won 22 battles continuously, without losing any from this fort. After defeating

Akbar's forces at Agra and Delhi in 1556, Hemu established 'Hindu Raj' as a

'Vikramaditya' king, in North India and had his 'Rajyabhishake' or coronation at

Purana Quila in Delhi as 'Samrat Hem Chandra Vikramaditya on 7 Oct. 1556.

The capital was shifted from Gwalior to Delhi once again and was operational

from Purana Quila.

Then Akbar captured the fort and made it a special prison for important prisoners.

In this prison fort in the Mughal Dynasty period, there was a saga of several

unfortunate royal prisoners who were put to death; notably among them were:

Akbar confining his first cousin Kamran here and subsequently putting him to

death; Aurangzeb imprisoning his brother Murad and later killing him; similarly

Aurangzeb had his brother Dara Shikoh's sons, Suleman and Sepher Sheko,

executed here.[7] 6th.Guru of Sikhs, Guru Hargobind Sahib Ji,by Jahangir in

memory of which Gurudwara (Sikh Temple) Data Bandi Chodd is situated in the

Gwalior Fort.

RANA JAT RULERS

An old painting by Edwin Lord Weeks showing The Maratha, Maharaja of

Gwalior leaving the fort from the Hathi Pol or Elephant door.

The Jat people also briefly ruled at Gwalior Fort. Following the decline of Mughal

Empire, the Gwalior Fort was usurped by Gohad dynasty by a Jat Rana King.[7]

The Jat rulers Maharaja Bhim Singh Rana (1707–1756) and Maharaja Chhatar

Singh Rana (1757–1782) occupied the Gwalior Fort thrice:

1740 to 1756 by Maharaja Bhim Singh Rana,

1761 to 1767 by Maharaja Chhatra Singh Rana,

1780 to 1783 by Maharaja Chhatra Singh Rana.

MARATHA RULE

In 1736, Maharaja Bhim Singh Rana, the Jat king won over Malwa and the

Gwalior fort by defeating the Marathas and held the fort from 1740 to 1756. In

1779, it was won by the Scindia clan of the Maratha Empire, who stationed a

garrison here. But it was usurped by the East India Company. But in August 1780,

the control went to Chhatar Singh, the Rana of Gohud who defeated the Marathas.

In 1784, Mahadji Sinde, Commander of Maratha Empire, once again recovered

the fort. There were frequent changes in the control of the fort between the

Scindias and the British between 1808 and 1844. However, in January 1844, after

the battle of Maharajpur, the fort finally came under the control of the Scindias,

more as protectorate of the British government.

HISTORY DURING THE INDIAN REBELLION OF 1857

After being driven from Jhansi and Kalpi, on 1 June 1858 Rani Lakshmi Bai and a

group of Maratha rebels captured the fortress city of Gwalior from the Scindia

rulers, who were British allies. There was no looting, other than from Sindia's

treasury to pay the rebel troops. The rebels now wasted time celebrating and

proclaiming the renewed rebellion.

The Central India Field Force under General Hugh Rose quickly advanced

against the city and besiege the fort. In the battle that ensued on 16 and 17 June

1858, Rani Lakshmibai led the troops of Jhansi and the remaining Gwalior forces

to defend the mountain passage to the fort and the city of Gwalior. The Rani died

on 17 June, the second day of the Battle of Gwalior probably killed by a carbine

shot from the 8th Hussars, according to the account of three independent Indian

representatives. The Company forces recaptured Gwalior within the next three

days.

STRUCTURES

The fort and its premises are well maintained and have many historic monuments,

Hindu and Jain temples (of 11 shrines, seven are Hindu temples) and palaces, out

of which the famous are the Man Mandir palace, the Gujari Mahal (now an

Archeological Museum), the Jahangir Mahal, the Karan Palace and the

Shahjahan Mahal."Temples of Gwalior". Kamats potpourri. Retrieved 2009-10-24.

The main entrance is known as the Hathi Pul (English: Elephant Gate), and leads

into the Man Mandir palace, built in the 15th century.

The fort, which has a striking appearance, has been built on the long, narrow,

precipitous hill called Gopachal. The fort spreads over an area of 3 square

kilometres (1.2 sq mi). The fort, 35 feet (11 m) in height, is built over massive

sandstone rocks. The fort wall is built all along the edge of the hill, though of

uniform height, presents an irregular appearance due to the topography of the

land over which it has been built. It has two main access gates - one from the

North East and the other on the South West. The fort rampart is laid all along the

periphery of the hill connected by six towers or bastions. It is approached through

the north east through a lengthy access ramp. The main entrance or gate to the

fort, called the Hathi Pul (means "elephant gate" as elephants could pass through

this gate), is accessed after passing through six other gates. Apart from the Hathi

Pul gate to the Palace, there is another large ornate gate, known as the Badalgarh

Gate. The Man Mandir palace or the citadel is located at the northeast end of the

fort. Its construction is dated to the 15th century but it was refurbished in 1648.

The fort precincts also have many monuments such as palaces, temples and water

tanks. The water tanks or reservoirs created in the precincts of the fort could

provide water supply to a 15,000 strong garrison, which was the estimated

requirement of manpower to secure the fort. On the approach from the southern

side, intricately carved rock cut temples of 21 Jain thirthankaras are seen set deep

into the steep rock faces. One such statue of 40 feet (12 m) height, identified as

that of Parswanath, the 23rd Jain thrithankara (or saint), escaped demolition

ordered by Babar since he lost control of the fort."Main entrance & Man Mandir,

Gwalior Fort". British Library On line gallery. Retrieved 2009-10-24."Gateway in

the Fort at Gwalior". British Library On line gallery. Retrieved 2009-10-24.

Man Mandir The prison dungeon is also located below this palace where many

royal prisoners of the Mughal dynasty were incarcerated and killed.

The palace grounds have witnessed atrocities committed by Mughal emperors.

Aurangzeb, initially, imprisoned his brother Murad at this fort and later killed him

on the reasons of treason. The name of the fort is also linked to the practice of sati

(voluntary burning to death of women of the harem at a funeral pyre) at the

'Jauhar Kund Palace' where sati was performed by the womenfolk of the royal

family when the king of Gwalior was defeated in the year 1232 AD.

HATHI PUL

Main Entrance gate to the fort called Hathi Pool (The Elephant gate)

The Gate to Gwalior Fort Hathi Pol Gate to Man Mandir Palace,

The Hathi Pol Gate (or Hathiya Paur) is the main gate in the fort leading to the

Man Mandir palace built by Man Singh. It is the last gate at the end of a series of

seven gates. It is named after a life-sized statue of an elephant (hathi) that once

adorned the entrance to the gate. The gate built in stone on the south-east corner

of the palace has cylindrical towers. The towers are crowned with cupola domes.

Carved parapets link the domes."The Gate, Gwalior For". British Library On line

gallery. Retrieved 2009-10-24."Hathi Pol Gate, Man Mandir Palace, [Gwalior]".

British Library On line gallery. Retrieved 2009-10-24.

Gujari Mahal

Mythological statue guarding the palace Gujari Mahal as viewed from the fort

GUJARI MAHAL MUSEUM

Gujari Mahal, a palace that was built by Raja Man Singh for love of his wife

Mrignayani, a Gujar princess, because she demanded a separate palace for

herself with regular water supply through an aqueduct structure built from a

nearby river source called the Rai River. This mahal is well maintained now as it

has been converted into an archeological museum. The rare artifacts on display at

the museum are the Hindu and Jain sculptures dated to 1st century BC and 2nd

century BC, miniature statue of Salabhanjika (shown only by special permission),

Terracotta articles and replicas of frescoes seen in Bagh Caves.

Teli-ka-Mandir

The Teli-ka-Mandir, or “Oilman’s Temple” or ‘Oil Pressers temple” is inferred to

have been built in the 8th century, but 11th century has also been mentioned.

Based on the sculptures and ornamentation in the two temples, Louis Frederic, an

archeologist, has inferred that the two are 8th century shrines. It is considered the

oldest monument in the fort, which presents a unique blend of various Indian

architectural styles (fusion of south Indian and North Indian styles) and is called a

Brahmanical sanctuary. Basically, it has an unusual configuration: shrine-like in

that it has a sanctuary only; no pillared pavilions or mandapa; and a Buddhist

barrel-vaulted roof on top of a Hindu mandir. Buddhist architectural influence has

been identified on the basis of Chitya type of hall and elegant torana decorations

at the entrance gate. It was refurbished in 1881-83 with garden sculpture. In plan,

it is a rectangular structure. It has a tower built in masonry, in nagari

architectural style with a barrel vaulted roof, 25 metres (82 ft) in height. In the

past, the niches in the outer walls had sculptures installed in them but now have

horse shoe arch or gavakshas (ventilator openings) with arched motifs, in north

Indian architectural style. The gavaksha design, has been compared to trefoil, a

honey comb design with a series of receding pointed arches within an arch that

allows a "play of light and shadow". The entrance door has a torana or archway

with exquisitely sculpted images of river goddesses, romantic couples, foliation

decoration and a Garuda. Diamond and lotus designs are seen on the horizontal

band at the top of the arch, which is deciphered as an influence from Buddhist

period. It was originally dedicated to Vishnu, but later converted to the worship of

Siva."Gate of Teki Mandir, Gwalior Fort". British Library On line gallery.

Retrieved 2009-10-24. The details of the doorway design has been vividly

described by an archeologist as: The combination of vertical and horizontal bands

produces a composition of rectangular shapes-all within one large rectangle

surmounted by an elaborate honeycomb design of gavaksa motifs. The vertical

bands on either side of the door are simple and restrained, and although the

figures have been badly damaged, they still retain their graceful, rhythmical form

and movement. The small group of dislike objects immediately above the doorway

suggest the finial or crown (damalaka) of an Indo-Aryan Shikhara.

The highest monument in the fort is that of the Garuda, dedicated to the Pratihara

Vishnu. This structure considered a fusion of Muslim and Indian architecture is

seen close to the Teli-ka-Mandir (see picture). >>This is not the Teli ka makdir,

But it was the temple of Lord Shiva. The worshippers used to install a Bell Called

in Hindi Taali on the fulfillment of their desire by praying there. Which again

Taali was converted to word as Teli ka mander, due to the ignorance of the local

people.

SAHASTRABAHU TEMPLE

Sahastrabahu in the fort

Sas-Bahu temple Small Sas Bahu temple

In the 10th century, with the control of the Gurjara-Pratihara dynasty of Gwalior

declining, a regional dynasty called the Kachchhapaghatas started wielding

power. During their rule they built several monuments, which included two

temples original name was Sahastrabahu(Thousand Hands form of Lord Vishnu)

Temple, one small and one large (both are seen but in ruins, but the smaller one is

more elegant and better preserved) located adjacent to each other. These temples

were initially dedicated to Vishnu. An inscription on the larger of the two temples

records its building date to 1093 AD. A unique architectural feature of these

pyramidal shaped temples built in red sandstone is that they have been raised

several stories high solely with the help of beams and pillars, and with no arches

having been used for the purpose. The main temple looks dauntingly sturdy. The

stylistic smaller Sahastrabahu temple is a replica of the larger temple.Thorton

p. 67"Sas-Bahu temple, Gwalior Fort.". British Library On line gallery. Retrieved

2009-10-24."Small Sas Bahu temple, Gwalior Fort.". British Library On line

gallery. Retrieved 2009-10-24.

THE OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

1. To explore the opportunities for the development of

Gwalior fort as a global tourist destination.

2. To international stander for global tourist destination and requirement

international need.

3. To explore issues challenges in the development of as global destination.

4. To find out roles of various stack holders in the development of Gwalior

fort among the top.

5. To determine budget requirement ,infrastructure need for the development

of Gwalior fort.

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

The method adopted for carrying out any project is called as research for this

project the study is conducted among the employees of tourism.

Research methodology used in this project is based on following factors:

SOURCES OF DATE

(i) Primary Data : This type of data, which is subjective is collected by

questionnaire filed by the tourist

(ii) Secondary Data : This type of data, which is collected from internet and

ASI Department

SAMPLING PLAN:-

Target Population - All the employee of tourism industry, tourist

Sampling Unit - One employee of tourism, tourist

Sampling method - Random Sampling

Sampling Size - 100

Area of population - Tourism industry, M.P.

1. Name of monuments visited—

a. Gwalior Fort

b. Teli kā Mandir

c. Jain rock-cut sculptures

d. Gurudwara

e. Sun Temple Gwalior

2. Would you like to visit monuments other than World Heritage Sites--- Yes/

No

3. Source of information-------- TV/ Magazine/News Papers/Books/ Tour

Operator/Friends/ Web Sites/ India Tourism Offices

abroad

4. Length of night stay--------

5. Purpose of the visit---------

6. Preferred Accommodation------Star Hotel/ Budget hotel/ Low budget

hotels/ Government Accommodation

7. Mode of Transportation Used----Car/ Bus /Rail/Air

8. Local Transportation Used----Taxi/ auto/Rickshaw/ Camel cart/Horse Cart

9. Preferred Dishes----------- Local/Ethnic/ South Indian/Continental

10. ATM use in the city------No/ once twice/ thrice

11. Purchasing of Souvenirs-------Yes/ No

12. Average Cost of the Souvenirs-----Less than $50 / More than$50

13. Medical facilities Used in the city------Yes/ No

14.Cultural Show attended in the city ----Yes/ No

15.Level of Satisfaction-----Highly Satisfied/ Satisfied/dissatisfied

Yea

rs Foreign Tourist Arrivals at Various Monuments

Gwali

or fort

Teli ka

mandid

Sas bahu

tempal

Join rock

cut

sculptures

Grudwara Sun

tempal

2007 23844

0

126576 47409 43926 1348 218

2008 25942

7

145959 38414 39016 2253 167

2009 35757

6

198589 42455 39739 4357 284

2010 38569

7

191242 40801 39871 5144 197

2011 31411

6

159072 35761 33677 5250 162

2012 42195

7

225762 39871 42113 6473 292

Domestic Tourist Arrivals at Various Monuments

Gwali

or fort

Teli ka

mandid

Sas bahu

tempal

Join rock

cut

sculpture

s

Grudwar

a

Sun

tempal

200

7

237545 278471 13426 57393 6353 11477

200

8

246056 243237 10230 59801 9936 16094

200

9

263038 304938 9435 62811 17792 34756

201

0

292483 327804 12188 64647 20552 32209

201

1

294316 300213 9937 63974 20902 27461

201

2

315213 332421 1143 68555 23708 29597

Ye Revenue generated by ticket sale at Various Monuments

ars

Gwali

or fort

Teli ka

mandid

Sas bahu

tempal

Join rock

cut

sculptures

Grudwara Sun

tempal

32493

770

6032155 70630 4573731 7925340 79185

200

8

37447

070

4954295 52556 4097993 274980 97170

200

9

49670

870

5637212 50975 4153657 522212 202180

201

0

49862

750

5673568 71240 4258825 613947 180745

201

1

42861

160

5077165 61385 3687570 659510 153505

201

2

46733

287

5724390 65721 3756834 715470 176309

FINDINGS OF STUDY

Conservation of the historic fabric

Conservation of historic gardens and open spaces.

Preservation of the archaeological deposits in the Fort complex and the

environs

Protection of the traditional uses with reference to rights and responsibilities

of stakeholders and caretakers of the Fort complex in the management

system.

Ensure sustainable visitor management

Improve visitor amenities

Improve and augment public access and movement

Prepare and adopt an agreed interpretation strategy for the Fort complex and

its environs.

Ensure the protection of the site from hazards.

The setting of the Red Fort complex

Urge local authorities to ensure that the significance of the Fort complex as

a national icon is the key determinant in the planning and development of

Gwalior Fort.

Reduce the impact of air pollution on the Gwalior Fort complex

Achieve a high quality environment for the Fort complex by promoting the

highest standards of new development

Detailing and Implementation of the ‘Comprehensive Conservation

Management Plan’ and Detail Conservation Plans, in phases.

DATA ANALYSIS

Part-A (Regarding Foreign Tourist Arrivals at Various Monuments)

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

0 100000 200000 300000 400000 500000 600000 700000

47409

38414

42455

40801

35761

39871

238440

259427

357576

385697

314116

576736

0

126576

145959

198589

191242

159072

225762

43926

39016

39739

39871

33677

42113

1384

2253

4357

5144

5250

6473

Sun tempalGrudwaraJoin rockTali ka mandirGwalior fortSas bahu tempal

The analysis of tourist arrivals shows that foreign tourist arrivals at Gwalior Fortis

very much high in Comparison to all other monuments. This shows that there is a

large scope of entrepreneurship in marketing and development of these

destinations.

As tourist have responded in questionnaire that they did not know about the other

monuments like Fatehpur Sikri and Sikandara, Itmad-ud-daula, Ram bagh etc. This

shows that Marketing of these monuments is not carried out abroad. Tour Operator

also did not inform them about these destinations. Only Gwalior Fortwas told to

worth to visit. Only 18 % tourists new about the Fatehpur Sikri but were unable to

visit because lack of time.

Those visited to Itmad-ud-daula, Mariam Tomb and Ram Bagh was basically FIT

and gathered the information about monuments through books.

About 39% of tourists those visited Fatehpur Sikri was GIT and 61% were FIT.

Most of the tourists travelling in the group got the information either through

friends or from travel agency’s advertisement.

57%31%

5%6%

1%

Foreign Tourist Arrivals at various Mon-uments in % in year 2012

Gwalior fortTeli ka mandirSas bahu tempalJoin rockGurudwaraSun tempal

The above graph shows that the Gwalior Fortis receiving highest 46 tourists out

of 100 tourists visiting to M.P. though this is fact that most of the tourists who are

going to other monuments in M.P. have already visited Taj Mahal. M.P. Fort

stands second in sharing 33%per cent while other two Fatehpur Sikri

sharing18%and Itmad-ud-daula are receiving almost make shares of 3%.

421957225762

3987142113 6473

Foreign Foot Falls in 2012

Gwalior fortTela ka mandirSas bahu tempaljoin rockGurudwaraSun tempal

Part-B (Regarding Domestic Tourist Arrivals at Various Monuments)

2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 20120

500000

1000000

1500000

2000000

2500000

3000000

3500000

18852862048120

2624085 2635283 2585560

3242711

278471 243237 304938 327804 300213 332421

57393 59801 62811 64647 63974 68555

Gwalior FortTeli ka mandirSas bahu tempalJoin RockGurudwaraRam Bagh

58%29%

6%

1%6%

Domestic Tourist Arrivals at various Mon-uments in % in year 2012

Gwalior fortTeli ka mandirSas bahu tempalJoin rockGurudwara

Gwalior Fort is remaining main attraction to the domestic tourists. Most of the

people visiting to the Gwalior Fort are basically honeymooners and school

students coming from different parts of the country. It shares 58% of the domestic

tourists arrivals. Gwalior fort receives 29% which is less than the foreigner’s

percentage arrivals at this monument. While there is little growth in share at Telli

ka Mandir and Saas Bahu Temple as it is 6% and 6% respectively in comparison to

foreign tourist arrivals at these places that was 4% and the basic ratio of

Gurudwara only 1%, which reflect the present condition of visitors who visited the

different monuments in M.P.

Part-C (Regarding other information like –food, culture transportation etc at

local)

Tourism is the hospitality industry and largely depends in the entrepreneurship in

all segment of the tourism business. Most of the tourists travel for a change. This

change may be in climate, culture and other his usual environment. Tourism

Entrepreneurship helps in growth and development of the business. It is essential

to attract new clients as well as repeaters. Food and accommodation and

entertainments are the areas where lot of things can be done to attract more and

more number of tourists.

As per the response of the foreigners it was revealed that about 67% tourists prefer

local and ethnic foods if it is served in hygienically. Tourists also wanted to know

about the local means or traditional means of entertainment as 72% tourists

responded that they wanted to see it but could not got opportunity in the hotel. As

far as local convenience is concerned about 37% tourists loved to travel by

traditional vehicle like camel cart and horse carts.

SUGGESTIONS

Following suggestions can be drawn on the basis of analysis of feed back received

by the tourists -

a- Marketing of other world heritage sites can be done separately to

enhance the number of tourist arrivals at these monuments. For example

Telli ka Mandir and Saas Bahu Temple at Sun Temple may be

highlighted abroad to receive more number of tourists.

b- Night bazaar and other recreational activities may be developed to make

tourist stay at the destination.

c- Various entertainments like Kowaali etc can be organised at Saas Bahu

Temple or nearby places where apex court does not have any objection.

d- Separate souvenir of Sun Temple should be highlighted so that tourist

can purchase it separately along with the souvenirs of M.P. For example

–Marble handicrafts of M.P and deri (cotton carpet) of Telli ka mandir

of M.P. and Namkeen of Gwalior.

e- Gwalior Fort should be market abroad as well as locally.

f- Some Sindhiya complex/ food court can be developed where a tourist

can feel himself in the period of Sindhiya. Food served, utensils

used ,furniture and inner decoration and whole environment including

costumes should be just like in the time of Sindhiya.

g- Some traditional entertainments of the Sindhiya periods like girls kho-

kho , fitha etc. may also be revived to add in values at the destination.

h- Some national and international events in association with different

national and international bodies may be organised to highlight the

destination.

i- Involvement of Embassies in international events at telli ka Mandir and

Gwalior will be helpful to market the destination abroad.

j- Lesser known monuments of M.P. may be planned separately to market.

CONCLUSION

From the above discussion it is evident that the number of tourist arrivals at

different monuments in the city has fluctuating in number.

Gwalior Fortis receiving highest number of both domestic as well as foreigner

tourists. Other grand monuments like Gwalior Fort, Telli ka Mandir and Saas Bahu

Temple are receiving very little number of tourists in comparison of Gwalior Fort

Most of the people visiting to the Gwalior Fort are basically honeymooners and

school students coming from different parts of the country. It shares 56% of the

domestic tourists arrivals. Gwalior fort receives 30% which is less than the

foreigner’s percentage arrivals at this monument. While there is little growth in

share at Telli ka Mandir and Saas Bahu Temple as it is 6% and 7% respectively in

comparison to foreign tourist arrivals at these places that was 4%.

Budget hotels at the city are not serving ethnic and local foods while tourists love

to eat them.

A traditional vehicle like horse carts and camel carts fascinates tourists but not in

much of practice in the city. The domestic tourists visiting Gwalior Fort is

honeymooners or students.

Foreign tourist also want to enjoy local entertainment if he gets the facilities.

Most of the tourists visiting lesser known monuments like Gurudwara and Sun

Temple are FIT and got the information from books or travel guides.

REFERENCES

I. Sharma. R.B., World Tourism in 21st Century, Alfa Publications, New

Delhi. First Edition. 2006.

II. Archaeological Survey of India records of tourist arrivals

III. Bezbaruah, M.P. Indian Tourism, Beyond the Millennium, Gyan

Publication House, 2000.Delhi

IV. Chandra.R., Recent Trends in World Tourism, Akanksha Publishing

House,First edition.

V. Chib, S.N. Essay on tourism, Ed. By Ratan Sahai, Cross Section

Publications Private Limited, New Delhi, 1989.

VI. Dharmarajan, S.D. & Rabindra Seth, Tourism in India, Trends and issues,

Har-Anand Publications, 1994.

VII. Dharmarajan.S and R. Seth, Tourism in India-Trends and Issues, Har

Anand Publications, 1994.

VIII. Gour Kanjilal, India Tourism through the inner eyes, Orchid Books, 2005.

IX. Gupta. S., World Tourism in New Millennium, ABD Publishers, Jaipur,

First Edition

X. India Tourism Office

XI. Jafari, J. (1974). Creation of the intergovernmental world tourism

organization. Annals of Tourism Research, 2, (5),

XII. Maken. D. Strategies and Planning in Tourism and Industry, Adhyayan

Publication, Delhi

XIII. Mishra L K, Basics of Tourism, Agrawal Publication , Agra, 2009

XIV. Promoting Tourism in Rural America. USDA, National Agricultural

Library, Rural Information Center. 2004. Publications Pvt. Ltd. New Delhi,

First edition.

XV. Puri M and G.Chand, Tourism Management, Pragun Publications, New

Delhi. First Edition. 2006.

XVI. Seth, Rabindra & Om Gupta, Tourism in India, an overview, Balpaz

Publication, 2005.

XVII. Sharma. R.B., World Tourism in 21st Century, Alfa Publications, New

Delhi, First edition.

XVIII. Tourism Principles and Practice, C. Cooper, J. Fletcher, A. Fyall, D.

Gilbert, S. Wanhill, Pearson Education, Third edition, Madrid 2005

XIX. Tourism: OECD Centre for Entrepreneurship, SMEs and Local

Development A valuable resource for statistics and information on

international trends in tourism and tourism policies.

XX. M. P Tourism office

XXI. World Tourism Organization. (2003). WTO news, 2003 (3). Madrid: World

Tourism Organization.

QUESTIONNAIRE FOR TOURISTS

Research is being carried out as part of the “Strategy and concept of the

development of tourism in Punat” project of which this questionnaire is part. We

therefore ask you to be so kind as to complete the questionnaire and take this

opportunity to thank you for dedicating us your time. By filling in this

questionnaire, you will have contributed to improving the quality and development

of tourism in Punat, which is one of the most desirable holiday destinations.

1. Which country do you come from?

2. Age16-25 years

26-35 years

36-45 years

46-55 years

56-65 years

over 65 years

3. Sexmale

female

4. EducationPrimary

Secondary

High school

Degree masters, doctorate

5. Number of nights stay in Punat0 nights

1-3 nights

4-7 nights

more than 7 nights

6. Average daily cost per person in PunatLess than 30 €

30-50 €

50-100 €

more than 100 €

7. Average monthly income of your family unitLess than 500 €

500-999 €

1,000-1,999 €

2,000-2,999 €

3,000-4,999 €

over 5,000 €

8. By which means of transport did you come to

Punat?car

coach

train

ship

boat (yacht, charter)

plane

motorcycle / bicycle

9. Type of holidaySelf-organised

Organised (through a travel agency)

10. How many times have you visited Punat before

today?This is my first time in Punat

2-5 times

more than 5 times

11. Do you think you will visit Punat again?yes

no

I don’t know

12. What kind of accommodation did you choose?hotel

camp site

private apartment

marina

13. How did you hear about Punat?Recommended by friends or

relatives

Tourism trade fair

Internet

Travel agency

other

14. Reasons why you chose to come to PunatHoliday and relaxation

entertainment

recommendation by friends

or relatives

beauty of the nature and

landscape

cultural offer

sporting offer

health and beauty offer

work

hobby

visiting friends or relations

gastronomic offer

other

How would you rate your level of satisfaction with regard to what Punat has to offer?

1-very unsatisfied, 5-very satisfied

1. Climate1 2 3 4 5

2. Kindness of the local people1 2 3 4 5

3. Kindness of the tour operators1 2 3 4 5

4. Availability of tour operators1 2 3 4 5

5. Tour operators’ knowledge of foreign languages1 2 3 4 5

6. Road links1 2 3 4 5

7. Local traffic1 2 3 4 5

8. Car parks1 2 3 4 5

9. Information received before your arrival in your

chosen destination1 2 3 4 5

10. Information about your destination1 2 3 4 5

11. Tourist information in your chosen destination1 2 3 4 5

12. Events1 2 3 4 5

13. Souvenirs1 2 3 4 5

14. General organisation of your chosen

destination1 2 3 4 5

15. Quality of urban design1 2 3 4 5

16. Pedestrian areas1 2 3 4 5

17. Parks and green areas1 2 3 4 5

18. Historical-cultural heritage1 2 3 4 5

19. Beach cleanliness and order1 2 3 4 5

20. Crowding on the beaches1 2 3 4 5

21. Landscape beauty1 2 3 4 5

22. Environmental safeguarding1 2 3 4 5

23. Quality of the water and bathing areas1 2 3 4 5

24. Proposals for children1 2 3 4 5

25. Safety1 2 3 4 5

26. Opening hours of banks and shops1 2 3 4 5

27. Opening hours of catering services1 2 3 4 5

28. Shops1 2 3 4 5

29. Accommodation1 2 3 4 5

30. Catering services1 2 3 4 5

31. Cultural offer1 2 3 4 5

32. Amusement activities1 2 3 4 5

33. Sporting activities1 2 3 4 5

34. Health and beauty tourism offer1 2 3 4 5

35. Sailing offer1 2 3 4 5

36. Excursion offers1 2 3 4 5

37. Local gastronomy1 2 3 4 5

38. Quality-price ratio1 2 3 4 5

39. Overall rating of what Punat has to offer as a

tourist destination1 2 3 4 5

PART - A

PART - B

INTRODUCTI

ON OF

GWALIOR

INTRODUCTI

ON OF

GWALIOR

FORT