Final Report

On

Biomass Briquettes manufacturing with different compositions with Modified Machine

Period: 20 October 2018 to 31 October 2018

Submitted to

GFA Consulting Group GmbH

Date of Submission Date: 24 October 2018

Submitted by

Josna Ara

Executive Director

Khaya (Samaj Unnayan Sangstha)

Satkhira

Background: Biomass is the primary source of fuel for a large portion of the world’s

underdeveloped countries. Biomass is used for a variety of purposes in the

developing world, the primary of which is for cooking. Bangladesh is one of the most

energy starved countries of the world. The natural resources of the country are fast

depleting. Given this scenario, biomass is considered an important source of

renewable energy for the country. Biomass still accounts for over 50% of the total

energy supply of Bangladesh. It is the primary source of fuel for the rural

households. An average Bangladeshi household burns about 2.5 tonnes of biomass

a year, since only 6% of the total population of Bangladesh have access to natural

gas. In addition, businesses and institutions are also interested to use biomass for

cooking as well as other purposes.

More than 90% of the people of Bangladesh use traditional biomass such as non-

carbon neutral fuel wood, wood residue and leaves; agricultural residue such as rice

husk, rice straw, rice bran, wheat straw, maize stalk and maize cob, jute stalk, lentils

residue, sugarcane bagasse; and others like cow dung and poultry dropping for

cooking. Alternative fuels for cooking such as briquettes and pellets from biomass

are still at a very early stage of development in Bangladesh. However, in the

neighbouring countries such as Nepal and India, briquette and pellet manufacture

process and technology is at a much more developed stage. Though briquettes do

not enhance the heat value content of the used biomass, thermal efficiency is known

to be doubled compared to cooking with biomass in conventional way. Biomass

briquette production from refused and collected biomasses from open atmosphere

has an immense potential to be replicated in Bangladesh especially at rural and

semi-urban areas from waste stream. People in rural and slum areas along with

floating people of urban areas, may be engaged in handmade biomass briquette

production using tree leaves & twigs, agricultural and other biomass wastes.

Machine-made briquettes are already available in the market, as such the focus will

be to assess the current production processes and potential alternatives to it, as well

as potential other sources of raw material for briquettes, such as diverse agricultural

wastes, rice husk and water hyacinth or sugarcane bagasse at low cost. Currently

there is no mentionable market for briquettes in Bangladesh, yet there is an urgent

need to act on this considering the availability of raw materials and scarcity of dry

biomass during rainy season.

As an agricultural country along with a large population we have lots of biomass

waste.75% of energy comes from biomass in rural area are agricultural waste and

residues. These residues are used in a non-efficient and non-hygienic way. Mainly

this energy consumption is happened in rural area’s cooking system with only 8-12%

efficiency. The main problem with that biomass is low density and high moisture

content. By making briquette mixing a wide range different raw materials e.g Rice

husk, Saw dust, waste paper, cow dung, leaf etc. this problem can be solved. By

producing high efficiency briquette we can solve energy crisis, assuring hygiene in

rural

cooking and save the environment. Study in Kheya Samaj Unnayan Sangstha

conducted research on briquette to produce high burning efficiency briquette as well

as to mitigate fuel crisis in cooking system of Bangladesh.

Objective

Basic application of handmade briquettes is thinkable for domestic use and small businesses in rural

areas I\in order to develop the alternative fuel market in Bangladesh, it is essential to understand

different types and combinations of raw materials that can be used for production of briquettes,

Specifically, the study should identify and focus on the lowest cost options for briquette production

for the local market.

1. Select three different compositions of hand press Biomass Briquette as recommended by GFA

Advisor in Charge.

2. Identify local demand and target customer.

3. Provide designated areas for briquette manufacturing in an existing and new facility.

4. Manufacture and dissemination of 300 kg / month for selected composition of briquettes and

sales around 200 kg of briquettes in total during contract period.

5. Arrange biomass briquettes sales at list 5 different sale center/ shops

6. Find out optimum manpower requirement for briquette manufacturing

7. Find out production capacity per day per person.

8. Calculate production cost (per kg) of briquette from raw materials local price (Rice husk, saw

dust, waste newspaper, agricultural waste and cow dung etc)

9. Identify willingness to use and acceptance criteria of the product from seller and user

perspectives

10. Maintain customer and production logbook as per prescribed format.

Primary Raw materials of Briquettes:

1. Saw Dust

2. Rice Husk

Binder materials:

1. Waste Paper

2. Cow dung

Raw materials Mixing with New Mixing Device:

Manufacturing Biomass Briquettes with Modified Machine:

Sun Drying

Selection of Composition:

GFA has Selected 04 no of Compositions for hand press Biomass Briquettes:

Composition ID Composition

Kheya 01

Saw Dust : 33 % Rice Husk: 33 % Waste Paper: 33%

Kheya 02

Saw Dust : 50% Waste Paper: 25% Cow dung : 25%

Kheya 03

Rice husk : 40% Paper : 60%

Kheya 04

Sawdust: 40% Leaf: 10% Waste paper: 30% Cowdung:20%

Biomass Briquettes sales

Production of Hand Press Biomass briquettes:

Composition ID

Composition Production Production time

Manpower Sun Drying Time

Remarks

Kheya 01 Saw Dust : 4 kg Rice Husk: 4 kg Waste Paper: 4 kg Total : 12 Kg

Day-1 213 pcs briquettes

8 hrs

2 persons

2-3 days (Rainey day)

02 persons can manufacture at least 200- 250 pcs biomass briquettes per day @ 100tk/ day/ person (Not the professional market labour )

Kheya 02 Saw Dust : 4 kg Waste Paper: 3 kg Cow dung : 04 kg Total : 10 Kg

Day-2 204 pcs briquettes

8 hrs 2 persons 2-3 days Sun drying

Kheya 03 Sawdust: 4 kg

Day-3 170 pcs

7 hrs 2 persons 2-3 days

Leaf: 1 kg Waste paper: 3 kg Cowdung: 2 kg Total: 10 kg

briquettes Sun drying

Kheya 04 Saw dust: 5 kg Waste paper: 5 kg

Day 1 213 pcs briquettes

8 Hrs 2 persons 3-4 days Sun drying

T- Stall Using Biomass Briquettes

Cost of raw Materials

Description Cost/ kg Purchase Quantity

Carrying cost

Unit price /kg Remarks

Rice Husk 6 Tk 80 kg 100 TK 7.25TK

Sawdust 4 Tk 80 kg 100 TK 5.25TK

Waste Paper 12 Tk 90 kg 100 TK 13 TK

Cow dung 2 tk 50 kg 100 4 kg

Composition ID: Kheya 01

Description Quantity

Unit Price Price

Total Price

Total no Briquette Manufacture

Labour Cost Total Manufacturing Cost for 12 KG

Manufacturing cost/kg

Rice Husk 4 kg 7.25 TK 29 TK Day 1 = 213

2x 100 TK (2 persons)

Raw materials = 102 TK Labour= 200 TK

Sawdust 4 kg 5.25 TK 21 TK

Waste Paper 4 kg 13 TK 52 TK

Total 12 kg 102 182 pcs 2x 100 TK 302 25 TK /kg

Composition ID: Kheya 02

Description Quantity Unit Price

Total Price Total no Briquette Manufacture

Labour Cost

Total Manufacturing Cost for 101 KG

Manufacturing cost/kg

Sawdust 4 kg 5.25 TK 21 TK Day 1 =204

2x100 TK (2 persons)

Raw materials = 76 TK Labour= 200 TK

Waste Paper 3 kg 13 TK 39 TK

Cow dung 4 kg 4 tk 16 tk

Total 11 kg 76 tk 204 pcs 2x100 TK

276 25 TK/kg

Composition ID: Kheya 03

Description Quantity Unit Price Price

Total Price

Total no Briquette Manufacture

Labour Cost

Total manufacturing Cost for 10 KG

Manufacturing cost/kg

Day 1 = 170 2x100 Raw materials

Sawdust 4 kg 5.25 TK 21 TK TK (2 persons)

=71 TK Labour= 200 TK

Waste Paper

3 kg 13 TK 42 TK

Leaf Cow Dung

1 kg 2 kg

- 4

- 8tk

Total 10 kg 71 170 pcs 200 TK 271 TK 27TK/kg

Biomass briquettes user list

Sl no Name and Address Biomass

Briquettes (Kg)

01 Khasu Billah

T- stall

Bash Gatha, Satkhira

Mobile: 01998624407

40

02 Mohiful Islam

T-Stall

Bashgatha, Satkhira

Mobile: 01913741439

50

03 Hena Begum

T-Stall

Bashgatha, Satkhira

Mobile: 01902748173

50

04 Md Faruq

T-stall

Bashgatha, Satkhira

Mobile: 01956637455

30

05 Md Mizanur

T-Stall, Bashgatha

Mobile: 01797877366

40

Total 200

Feedback on Local fuel seller:

1. It should be good for tea-stall and restaurant.

2. Can they manufacture briquette by shop owners.

Conclusion:

There is significant effect on binding materials. If use less than 40 % binding

materials, production of briquette goes slow because of broken finished product. For

production of briquette we need at least two person. And two person can produce

maximum 250-300 pcs briquettes per day higher than previous machine. If can use

semi-automatic machine production cost will be less. It’s not user friendly for single

people. For cooking it is good for Improved cook stove because of its great. Fuel

concussion is almost same compare to CRH. Presently its production cost is 25-27

Tk/ kg. it’s too high. Because of high labour cost and slow production. In the local

market Compressed Rice husk(CRH) cost is around 09.30 TK/kg. In this condition I

recommend hand press biomass briquette price should not more than 9-10 tk/Kg .

Composition ID

Composition Test Result Remarks

NACOM 01 Saw Dust :5 kg Waste Paper: 3 kg Cow dung : 2 kg

Calorific Value : 2331.59 k cal/kg Volatile matter(w/w): 60.68%

NACOM 02 Saw Dust : 4kg Waste Paper: 3 kg Cow dung : 3 kg

Calorific value: 3598 k cal/kg Volatile Mater w/w: 54.15 (%)

Recommended Composition

Kheya 03 Rice husk: 3 kg Sawdust: 3 kg Waste paper: 4 kg

Calorific value: 3088.97 k cal/kg Volatile Mater w/w: 57.19 (%)

Recommended Composition

Kheya 04 Saw dust : 4 kg Waste paper: 4 kg Rice husk : 1 kg

Calorifie value: 2698.07 k cal/kg Volatile Mater w/w (%): 51.26

Kheya 05 Rice Husk : 4 kg Waste paper: 5 kg Cow dung: 1 kg

Calorifie value: 2288.71 k cal/kg Volatile Mater w/w (%): 47.42

Kheya 06

Rice husk: 2.5 kg Sawdust: 2.5 kg Leaf: 0.5 kg Waste paper: 3.5 kg Cowdung: 0.5 kg

Calorifie value: 3229.27 k cal/kg Volatile Mater w/w (%): 60.29

Recommended Composition

As per test result we have found that Best Composition of Briquettes is

Saw dust : Wastepaper: Cow dung: 4:3:3

2nd best composition is ,

Sawdust: rice husk: waste paper: leaf: cow dung: 2.5: 2.5: 0.5: 3.5: 0.5

3rd best composition is

Rice husk: sawdust: waste paper: 3:3:4

For using Modified Hand Press machine production rate has increased almost

double. And manufacturer can easily remove briquettes from the machine. For using

sawdust , cow dung and waste paper compaction is high and increase calorific

value and also increase volatile mater.