final report - jicano. eid jr 10-125 jica preparatory survey on greater cairo metro line no.4 in the...

No.

E I D

J R

1 0 - 1 2 5

JICA Preparatory SurveyOn

Greater Cairo Metro Line No.4In

the Arab Republic of Egypt

FINAL REPORT

Volume 2(Feasibility Study Report 2)

JUNE 2010

JAPAN INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION AGENCY

NIPPON KOEI CO., LTD.JAPAN RAILWAY TECHNICAL SERVICE

NIPPON CIVIC CONSULTING ENGINEERS CO., LTD

Ministry of Transport,National Authority for TunnelsThe Arab Republic of Egypt

JICA

Prep

aratory S

urvey On G

reater Cairo

Metro

Line No

.4In the A

rab R

epub

lic of E

gyp

tJU

NE

2010FIN

AL R

EP

OR

TV

olum

e 2(Feasib

ility Stud

y Rep

ort 2)

Exchange Rates

1.00 LE = JPY17.28 USD1.00 = JPY95.25 USD1.00 = 5.512 LE

JICA Preparatory Survey on

Greater Cairo Metro Line No.4 in

the Arab Republic of Egypt

CONTENTS OF FINAL REPORT

Volume 1 : Feasibility Study Report 1

Data Collection, Diagnosis of the Existing Public Transport System and Urban Development Hypothesis

Volume 2 : Feasibility Study Report 2

New Transportation Study, Data Analysis and Alternative Corridors for Greater Cairo Metro Line No. 4

Volume 3 : Feasibility Study Report 3/4

Preliminary design on Greater Cairo Metro Phase 1 and Economic Financial Analysis

Volume 4 : Drawings

Preface

In response to the request from the government of the Arab Republic of Egypt, the Government of

Japan decided to conduct “JICA Preparatory Survey on Greater Cairo Metro Line No.4”, and entrusted

the study and to the Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA).

JICA selected and dispatched a study team consisted of Nippon Koei Co. Ltd., Japan Railway

Technical Service (JARTS) and Nippon Civic Consulting Engineer Co. Ltd, headed by Mr. Hiroshi

Izawa, between February 2009 to May 2010.

The team conducted field surveys at the study area and held discussions with the officials

concerned of the Government of the Arab Republic of Egypt. Having completed them, now the team

prepared this final report.

I hope that this report will greatly contribute to the construction and operation of the Metro Line

No.4 for the urban transportation in Greater Cairo, as well as to enhancement of friendly relationship

between our two countries.

Finally, I wish to express my sincere appreciation to the officials concerned of the Government of

the Arab Republic of Egypt for their close cooperation to the project.

June 2010

Kiyoshi Kodera

Vice President

Japan International Cooperation Agency

LOCATION MAP

TABLE OF CONTENTS

JICA PREPARATORY SURVEY ON GREATER CAIRO METRO LINE NO.4

Final Report - Volume 2 (i)

JICA PREPARATORY SURVEY

ON GREATER CAIRO METRO LINE NO.4

IN THE ARAB REPUBLIC OF EGYPT

Final Report

Volume 2

New Transportation Study, Data Analysis and Alternative Corridors for Greater Cairo Metro Line No. 4

PREFACE LOCATION MAP TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES LIST OF APPENDIXES GLOSSARY OF ABBREVIATIONS AND MEASURING UNITS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY OF VOLUME 2

TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER 1 Introduction.................................................................................................. 1-1 1.1 Background of the Study ................................................................................................. 1-1 1.2 Objective of the Study ..................................................................................................... 1-2 1.3 Study Area and Administrative Setting ............................................................................ 1-3 CHAPTER 2 Transportation Study .................................................................................. 2-1 2.1 Transport Survey............................................................................................................. 2-1 2.1.1 Introduction............................................................................................................... 2-1 2.1.2 Summary of Previous Survey ................................................................................... 2-1 2.1.3 Components and Purpose of Transport Survey ....................................................... 2-7 2.1.4 Link Traffic Count Survey ......................................................................................... 2-7

(1) Survey Locations...................................................................................................... 2-7 (2) Vehicle Types......................................................................................................... 2-10 (3) Traffic Count Period ............................................................................................... 2-10

2.1.5 Screen Line Traffic Count Survey........................................................................... 2-10 (1) Screen Line Locations............................................................................................ 2-10 (2) Screen Line Traffic Count Periods.......................................................................... 2-12

2.1.6 Traffic Count Data Analysis .................................................................................... 2-13 (1) Ring Road at Maadi Bridge (SL1)........................................................................... 2-13 (2) Abbas Bridge (SL2) ................................................................................................ 2-15

2.1.7 Interview Survey..................................................................................................... 2-17 (1) Sample Size and Used Forms................................................................................ 2-17 (2) Survey Locations and Dates................................................................................... 2-17 (3) Training .................................................................................................................. 2-22 (4) Data Processing ..................................................................................................... 2-22 (5) Data Analysis ......................................................................................................... 2-24

2.1.8 Interview Survey for Tourist.................................................................................... 2-31 (1) Survey Location...................................................................................................... 2-31 (2) Sample Size and Survey Form............................................................................... 2-31

2.2 Urbanization and Socio-Economic Development Trends within the Study Area until 2050...................................................................................................................................... 2-32

2.2.1 Future Patterns of Urbanization.............................................................................. 2-32 2.2.2 Population Projections............................................................................................ 2-34


Final Report - Volume 2 (ii)

(1) Population Projection for Metro Line 4 Study Area................................................. 2-34 (2) Population Projections for Study Sectors ............................................................... 2-36

2.2.3 Employment Projections......................................................................................... 2-40 (1) Employment Projection for Metro Line 4 Study Area.............................................. 2-40 (2) Employment Projections for Study Sectors ............................................................ 2-42

2.2.4 Projected Student Enrolments................................................................................ 2-45 (1) Student Enrolment Projections for the Study Area ................................................. 2-45 (2) Student Enrolment Projections for Study Sectors................................................... 2-46

2.2.5 Car Ownership Projections..................................................................................... 2-49 2.2.6 Summarized Transport Planning Indicators ........................................................... 2-51

2.3 Analysis of Transport Demand and Services................................................................. 2-52 2.3.1 Metro Network Service in Greater Cairo Region .................................................... 2-52 2.3.2 Trend of Metro Demand ......................................................................................... 2-52 2.3.3 Preferences and Choices of Cairo Metro Users ..................................................... 2-54

(1) Socio-economic Characteristics of Metro Line 2 users........................................... 2-55 (2) Trip Characteristics ................................................................................................ 2-55 (3) Preferences of Metro Line users ............................................................................ 2-56

2.3.4 Egyptian National Railways (ENR) Suburban Railway Service and Demand......... 2-56 2.3.5 Bus Service ............................................................................................................ 2-58 2.3.6 Existing Road Network in Greater Cairo Region .................................................... 2-59 2.3.7 Existing Traffic Demand on Regional Roads.......................................................... 2-59

2.4 Description of Transport Demand Forecasting Model ................................................... 2-60 2.4.1 Methodology........................................................................................................... 2-60

(1) Transportation Model Structure .............................................................................. 2-60 (2) Zone System in Study Area.................................................................................... 2-62 (3) Modelling and Forecasting Tools............................................................................ 2-62

2.4.2 Trip Generation and Attraction Models................................................................... 2-63 (1) Modelling Trip Generation and Attraction by Zone ................................................. 2-63 (2) Verification of Trip Generation and Attraction Models ............................................ 2-63

2.4.3 Trip Distribution Model ........................................................................................... 2-64 (1) Modelling Trip Distribution ...................................................................................... 2-64 (2) Validation of Trip Distribution Model ....................................................................... 2-64

2.4.4 Modal Choice Model............................................................................................... 2-65 (1) Methodology of modelling modal split among private mode, public mode

and metro ............................................................................................................... 2-65 (2) Modal Choice Model for Private Car Share ............................................................ 2-66 (3) Modal Choice Model for Metro Mode Share ........................................................... 2-68

2.4.5 Trip Assignment Model........................................................................................... 2-70 2.5 Estimation of Present and Future Transportation Demand Matrix................................. 2-71 2.5.1 Trip generation and attraction in the present and future......................................... 2-72 2.5.2 Trip Distribution (OD Matrix) by All Transportation Mode ....................................... 2-72 2.5.3 Present and Future Modal Split .............................................................................. 2-76

(1) Modal Share between Car, Bus and Rail Mode...................................................... 2-76 (2) Rail Mode Trips by Sector Zone ............................................................................. 2-76 (3) Rail Mode OD Matrix by Sector Zone..................................................................... 2-77

2.6 Estimation of Present and Future Metro Passengers .................................................... 2-83 2.6.1 Metro Passengers by Line No. ............................................................................... 2-83 2.6.2 Station and Section Passengers for Metro Line 4 Phase 1 .................................... 2-84

2.7 Conceptual Analysis of Bus Feeder Service and Transit Facility Plan........................... 2-86 2.7.1 Modal Choice Decisions for Feeder Transport ....................................................... 2-86 2.7.2 Overall Conceptual Design of Modal Interchange Facilities ................................... 2-87

(1) Modal Interchanges for Terminal Stations .............................................................. 2-87 (2) Pick-up and Set-down Facilities for Other Stations ................................................ 2-90

2.7.3 Methods and Approach for Determination of Feeder Transport Requirements ......................................................................................................... 2-91

2.7.4 Institutional Changes Needed for Better Integration of Metro and Feeder Transport ................................................................................................................ 2-96


Final Report - Volume 2 (iii)

CHAPTER 3 Track Alignment study for phase 1 section .............................................. 3-1 3.1 Basic Concept of Route Selection ................................................................................... 3-1 3.2 Basic Design Parameter Related with Route Selection ................................................... 3-1 3.3 El Malek El Saleh to El Remayah Square ....................................................................... 3-2 3.3.1 Basic Policy for Route Selection and Station Location ............................................. 3-2 3.3.2 Route Selection ........................................................................................................ 3-3

(1) Existing Structures and Hazards on the Route......................................................... 3-3 (2) Route Comparison Between PYRAMIDS Road and King Faisal Road .................... 3-3 (3) Case Study of Avoiding Giza Flyover Route........................................................... 3-10 (4) The Intersection of Pyramids Road with Alexandria Desert Road .......................... 3-14 (5) Proposed Route ..................................................................................................... 3-14

3.3.3 Station Locations.................................................................................................... 3-18 (1) M4W-Sta.1 (El Malek El Saleh Station) .................................................................. 3-18 (2) M4W-Sta.2 (El Rauda Station) ............................................................................... 3-19 (3) M4W-Sta.3 (El Nile Station).................................................................................... 3-19 (4) M4W-Sta.4 (El Giza Station) .................................................................................. 3-19 (5) M4W-Sta.5 to M4W- Sta.9...................................................................................... 3-19 (6) M4W-Sta.10 ........................................................................................................... 3-19 (7) M4W-Sta.11 ........................................................................................................... 3-19 (8) M4W-Sta.12 (El Remayah Square) ........................................................................ 3-20

3.3.4 Type of Structures .................................................................................................. 3-20 3.4 El Remayah Square to Depot/Workshop....................................................................... 3-21 3.4.1 Location of Depot/Workshop .................................................................................. 3-21 3.4.2 Alignment from El Remayah Square to Depot/Workshop....................................... 3-24

3.5 List of Hard Points ......................................................................................................... 3-24 CHAPTER 4 Route Selection for Phase 2 Section ......................................................... 4-1 4.1 Transportation Demand................................................................................................... 4-1 4.1.1 Population by the Distance From/To the Stations .................................................... 4-1 4.1.2 Future Land Use by the Distance From/To the Stations........................................... 4-2 4.1.3 Potential Metro Passenger Demand in the Future.................................................... 4-2 4.1.4 Findings from the Viewpoint of Demand Forecasting ............................................... 4-3

4.2 Routes Setting of Alternative Routes............................................................................... 4-4 4.2.1 Alternative Route 1: Northern Route Proposed by CREATS Report (El

Malek El Saleh – El Sawaha Square - Ring Road Exit No. 18) ................................ 4-4 4.2.2 Alternative Route 2: Eastern Route Proposed by SYSTRA Study (El

Malek El Saleh - Nasr City - Ring Road) .................................................................. 4-4 4.3 Construction Hard Points................................................................................................. 4-6 4.3.1 Identified the Hard Points in Each Alternative .......................................................... 4-6

(1) Alternative Route 1: Northern Route ........................................................................ 4-6 (2) Alternative 2: Eastern Route................................................................................... 4-12

4.4 Construction Methodology............................................................................................. 4-12 4.4.1 Structure Selection ................................................................................................. 4-12

(1) Northern Route....................................................................................................... 4-13 (2) Eastern Route ........................................................................................................ 4-13

4.4.2 Methodology of Station Construction...................................................................... 4-14 (1) Standard Station..................................................................................................... 4-15 (2) Station with the Spine Wastewater Tunnel (SWWT) .............................................. 4-18 (3) Station No. 8 under an Existing Railway (Ghamrah) .............................................. 4-20

4.4.3 Tunnel Construction Methodology.......................................................................... 4-24 4.4.4 Use of the Two Liquid Type Backfill Material for the Tail Void................................ 4-27 4.4.5 Soil Improvement from the Cutting Face and Under the Azhar Road Tunnel

and Metro Line 3 Tunnel ........................................................................................ 4-28 4.5 Construction Schedule .................................................................................................. 4-30 4.5.1 Study Condition ...................................................................................................... 4-30 4.5.2 Schedule ................................................................................................................ 4-30


Final Report - Volume 2 (iv)

4.6 Construction Cost .......................................................................................................... 4-33 4.7 Environmental, Social and Archaeological Aspects....................................................... 4-35 4.7.1 Methodology of Comparison................................................................................... 4-35 4.7.2 Comparison Results and Key Notes....................................................................... 4-35

4.8 Comparison Results by Multi-Criteria Analysis and Recommendation .......................... 4-38 4.8.1 Multi-Criteria Analysis (MCA) ................................................................................. 4-38

(1) The Purpose and Methodology of MCA ................................................................. 4-38 (2) Summarized Condition of Two Alternative Routes ................................................. 4-38 (3) Analysis of Two Alternative Routes ........................................................................ 4-41

4.8.2 Recommendation ................................................................................................... 4-44


Final Report - Volume 2 (v)

LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES

Table 2-1 Summary of Previous Survey............................................................................ 2-1 Table 2-2 Previous Traffic Survey Data............................................................................. 2-5 Table 2-3 List of Link Traffic Count Survey Locations along Pyramids Road .................... 2-8 Table 2-4 List of Link Traffic Count Survey Locations along Port-Said Street ................... 2-8 Table 2-5 List of Screen Line Survey Locations, Survey Day and Dates ........................ 2-12 Table 2-6 Survey Day and Date for Each Interview Survey Location.............................. 2-22 Table 2-7 Comparison between the Numbers of the Total Interviewed Persons

Before and After Data Checking...................................................................... 2-23 Table 2-8 Distribution of the Total Number of Interviews Among Different

Interview Locations ......................................................................................... 2-23 Table 2-9 Population Growth Forecast for Study Area (SDMP Study) ............................ 2-35 Table 2-10 Feasibility Study Population Forecast for Study Area ..................................... 2-36 Table 2-11 Population Projection for NUCs to be Developed After 2027 .......................... 2-38 Table 2-12 Population Forecast for Greater Cairo by Study Sector, 2007-2050 ............... 2-39 Table 2-13 Summary of Forecast Population Growth Rates, by Study Sector .................. 2-39 Table 2-14 Land Area and Population Density in the Study Area, 2009-2050 .................. 2-40 Table 2-15 SDMP Employment Growth Forecast for the Study Area................................ 2-41 Table 2-16 Feasibility Study Employment Forecast for the Study Area............................. 2-41 Table 2-17 Total Employment in Secondary and Tertiary Industries by Type of

Urban Area, 2006-2050................................................................................... 2-43 Table 2-18 Population Projection for NUCs to be Developed after 2027........................... 2-44 Table 2-19 Secondary and Tertiary Industry Employment Forecast by Study Sector

........................................................................................................................ 2-44 Table 2-20 Summary of Forecast Employment Growth Rates by Study Sector ................ 2-45 Table 2-21 SDMP student enrolment forecast for the study area...................................... 2-46 Table 2-22 Feasibility Study Student Enrolments Forecast for the Study Area ................. 2-46 Table 2-23 Total Student Enrolments by Type of Urban Area, 2006-2050........................ 2-47 Table 2-24 Student Enrolment Projection for NUCs to be Developed After 2027 ............. 2-48 Table 2-25 Student Enrolment Forecast by Study Sector ................................................. 2-48 Table 2-26 Summary of Forecasted Student Enrolment Growth Rates by Study

Sector.............................................................................................................. 2-49 Table 2-27 Analysis of Car Ownership in Three Governorate Against GDRP growth

........................................................................................................................ 2-50 Table 2-28 Car Ownership Forecast (Three Governorates) .............................................. 2-50 Table 2-29 Car Ownership Rates vs. GDP Per Capita (USD), Countries in Western

Europe............................................................................................................. 2-51 Table 2-30 Socio-economic Indicators in the Study Area.................................................. 2-51 Table 2-31 Metro Line Operating Data for Cairo Metro Organization (CMO) .................... 2-53 Table 2-32 Passenger Volume/Day at Each Metro Line 1 Station .................................... 2-53 Table 2-33 Passenger Volume/Day at Each Metro Line 2 Station .................................... 2-54 Table 2-34 Number of Passenger and Suburban Trains in the Greater Cairo Area .......... 2-56 Table 2-35 Number of Passengers per day on Each Line in 2005/2006 ........................... 2-57 Table 2-36 Estimated Number of Buses in the Fleet ......................................................... 2-58 Table 2-37 Estimated Passenger Transport Share ........................................................... 2-58 Table 2-38 ADT on the Main Road Network...................................................................... 2-60 Table 2-39 ADT on Major Arterial Highways ..................................................................... 2-60 Table 2-40 Calibrated Parameters of Trip Generation and Attraction Models ................... 2-63 Table 2-41 Parameters of Trip Distribution Model ............................................................. 2-64 Table 2-42 Trend and Estimation of Private Mode Share Against Car Ownership

Rate ................................................................................................................ 2-66 Table 2-43 Private Car Modal Share Model in This Study................................................. 2-67 Table 2-44 Assumption of Travel Time by Mode for the Modelling Period ........................ 2-69 Table 2-45 Model Calibration Results ............................................................................... 2-70 Table 2-46 Trip generation and attraction (unit: thousand trips per day) ........................... 2-72 Table 2-47 All Mode Origin and Destination Matrix by Sector Zone in Year 2008


Final Report - Volume 2 (vi)

(unit: thousand trip per day) ............................................................................ 2-73 Table 2-48 All Mode Origin and Destination Matrix by Sector Zone in Year 2027

(unit: thousand trip per day) ............................................................................ 2-74 Table 2-49 All Mode Origin and Destination Matrix by Sector Zone in Year 2050

(unit: thousand trip per day) ............................................................................ 2-75 Table 2-50 Result of Modal Share Estimation ................................................................... 2-76 Table 2-51 Rail Mode Trip by Sector Zone, (unit: thousand trips per day) ........................ 2-77 Table 2-52 Rail Mode Origin and Destination Matrix by Sector Zone in Year 2008

(unit: thousand trips per day)........................................................................... 2-78 Table 2-53 Rail Mode Origin and Destination Matrix by Sector Zone in Year 2027

Alternative 1 North Extension (unit: thousand trips per day)......................... 2-79 Table 2-54 Rail Mode Origin and Destination Matrix by Sector Zone in Year 2027

Alternative 2 East Extension (unit: thousand trips per day) ............................. 2-80 Table 2-55 Rail Mode Origin and Destination Matrix by Sector Zone in Year 2050

Alternative 1 North Extension (unit: thousand trips per day) ........................... 2-81 Table 2-56 Rail Mode Origin and Destination Matrix by Sector Zone in Year 2050

Alternative 2 East Extension (unit: thousand trips per day) ............................. 2-82 Table 2-57 Summary of Metro Daily Demand (Metro Line 4 Alternative 1 North

Extension) ....................................................................................................... 2-83 Table 2-58 Summary of Metro Daily Demand (Metro Line 4 Alternative 2 East

Extension) ....................................................................................................... 2-84 Table 2-59 Detailed Metro Demands for Metro Line 4 Phase 1 (To/From Phase 2 Alternative 1 North Extension)........................................... 2-84 Table 2-60 Detailed Metro Demands for Metro Line 4 Phase 1 (To/From Phase 2 Alternative 2 East Extension) ............................................ 2-85 Table 2-61 Planning Factors for Determining Requirement of Feeder Transport

Facilities at Major Stations .............................................................................. 2-95 Table 2-62 Planning Factors for Determining Requirement of Feeder Transport

Facilities at Ordinary Stations.......................................................................... 2-96 Table 3-1 Speed Restrictions and Length of Transitional Curves ..................................... 3-2 Table 3-2 Consideration from Viewpoints of Environmental and Social

Acceptability ...................................................................................................... 3-9 Table 3-3 Comparison of Proposed Station Locations .................................................... 3-18 Table 3-4 Comparison Table for Alternative Access Routes to the

Workshop/Depot ............................................................................................. 3-23 Table 4-1 Station covering Population by distance ........................................................... 4-1 Table 4-2 Metro Station and Section Passenger by Alternatives ...................................... 4-3 Table 4-3 Hard Points of the Northern Route .................................................................... 4-7 Table 4-4 Single Track Double Tube and Double Tracks Tubel...................................... 4-24 Table 4-5 Construction Period......................................................................................... 4-30 Table 4-6 Conditions for Cost Estimate........................................................................... 4-33 Table 4-7 Conditions for Each Corridor for Phase 2........................................................ 4-33 Table 4-8 Basic Unit Cost as of 2009.............................................................................. 4-34 Table 4-9 Construction and Procurement Cost for Phase 2 as of 2009 .......................... 4-34 Table 4-10 Comparison of Magnitude of Land Acquisition and Resettlement ................... 4-36 Table 4-11 Comparison of Social, Environmental and Archaeological Aspects ................ 4-37 Table 4-12 Summarized Main Characteristics................................................................... 4-39 Table 4-13 The Predicted Population and Number of Passengers ................................... 4-39 Table 4-14 Comparison of Cost Estimation....................................................................... 4-40 Table 4-15 Criteria for scoring........................................................................................... 4-42 Table 4-16 Weighting of Criteria........................................................................................ 4-42 Table 4-17 Comparison of Two Routes............................................................................. 4-43 Table 4-18 Comparison Considering Transportation Demands in 2050............................ 4-43 Table 4-19 Comparison Table for Phase 2 Route ............................................................. 4-45


Final Report - Volume 2 (vii)

Figure 1-1 Study Area ........................................................................................................ 1-3 Figure 2-1 Traffic Count Location Map（Previous Surveys）................................................ 2-2 Figure 2-2 Traffic Survey Hours（Previous Surveys） .......................................................... 2-3 Figure 2-3 Traffic Volume at Each Location Converted to 24-hour Unit（Previous

Surveys） ........................................................................................................... 2-4 Figure 2-4 Proposed Link Traffic Count Survey Locations along Pyramids Road .............. 2-8 Figure 2-5 Proposed Link Traffic Count Survey Locations along Port Said Street ............. 2-9 Figure 2-6 Traffic Count Form .......................................................................................... 2-11 Figure 2-7 Screen Line Survey Location Map .................................................................. 2-12 Figure 2-8 Traffic Volume Fluctuation for Both Directions at Maadi Bridge (SL1)

(First Survey Day) ........................................................................................... 2-14 Figure 2-9 Traffic Volume Fluctuation for Both Directions at Maadi Bridge (SL1)

(Second Survey Day) ...................................................................................... 2-14 Figure 2-10 Average Traffic Composition at Maadi Bridge (SL1) ....................................... 2-15 Figure 2-11 Traffic Volume Fluctuation for Both Directions at Abbas Bridge (SL2)

(First Survey Day) ........................................................................................... 2-16 Figure 2-12 Traffic Volume Fluctuation for Both Directions at Abbas Bridge (SL2)

(Second Survey Day) ...................................................................................... 2-16 Figure 2-13 Average Traffic Composition at Abbas Bridge (SL2)....................................... 2-17 Figure 2-14 Revealed Preference Survey Form for Car Users........................................... 2-19 Figure 2-15 Revealed Preference Survey Form for Public Transport User ........................ 2-20 Figure 2-16 Stated Preference Survey Form...................................................................... 2-21 Figure 2-17 Locations of Interview Survey ......................................................................... 2-24 Figure 2-18 Distribution of the Interviewed Sample of Public Transport Users

According to Trip Purpose............................................................................... 2-24 Figure 2-19 Distribution of the Interviewed Sample of Public Transport Users

According to Used Public Mode Type ............................................................. 2-25 Figure 2-20 Distribution Based on Waiting time ................................................................. 2-26 Figure 2-21 Distribution Based on Walk to Mode Time ...................................................... 2-26 Figure 2-22 Distribution Based on Number of Mode Transfer ............................................ 2-26 Figure 2-23 Distribution Based on Travel cost.................................................................... 2-26 Figure 2-24 Distribution Based on “In vehicle” Time........................................................... 2-26 Figure 2-25 Distribution Based on Walking Time from Mode ............................................. 2-26 Figure 2-26 Comparison Between the Trip Characteristics of the User Trips for both

the Used and Alternative Modes ..................................................................... 2-27 Figure 2-27 Percentages of Interviewed Public Mode Users Regarding Their

Opinions in Each Trip Characteristic Item ....................................................... 2-27 Figure 2-28 Distribution of Interviewed Sample of Car Users According to Trip

Purpose........................................................................................................... 2-28 Figure 2-29 Distribution of Interviewed Sample of Car Users According to Trip Time........ 2-28 Figure 2-30 Distribution of Interviewed Sample of Car Users According to Parking

Fees ................................................................................................................ 2-29 Figure 2-31 Distribution of the Interviewed Sample of Car Users According to Other

Available Alternative Mode.............................................................................. 2-29 Figure 2-32 Percentages of Interviewed Car Users Regarding their Opinions on

Each Trip Characteristic Item.......................................................................... 2-30 Figure 2-33 Distribution of Interviewed Sample of Public Users According to Trip

Purpose........................................................................................................... 2-30 Figure 2-34 Percentages of Interviewed Public Users Regarding their Opinions on

Each Trip Characteristic Item.......................................................................... 2-31 Figure 2-35 Tourist Survey Form........................................................................................ 2-32 Figure 2-36 Urban Development Strategy for Greater Cairo up to 2050 ............................ 2-33 Figure 2-37 New Urban Community (NUC) Development until 2050 ................................. 2-34 Figure 2-38 Relative Population Growth between NUCs and Other Urban Areas.............. 2-35 Figure 2-39 Delineation of Study Geographical Sectors..................................................... 2-37 Figure 2-40 Regression of Car Ownership Rate Against GRDP per Capita in Three

Governorates (Cairo, Giza and Qaliobeya) ..................................................... 2-50


Final Report - Volume 2 (viii)

Figure 2-41 Metro Line 1 and 2 Routes and Stations ......................................................... 2-52 Figure 2-42 Existing Urban Railway Network in Greater Cairo........................................... 2-57 Figure 2-43 Existing Major Road Network in Greater Cairo Region ................................... 2-59 Figure 2-44 Principle of Transportation Modeling............................................................... 2-61 Figure 2-45 Concept of Four-Step Approach of Transport Modelling ................................. 2-62 Figure 2-46 Verification of Trip Generation and Attraction Models ..................................... 2-63 Figure 2-47 Verification of Trip Generation and Attraction Models ..................................... 2-65 Figure 2-48 Work Flow for Modal Split Modelling and Projection of Metro Line

Passengers ..................................................................................................... 2-66 Figure 2-49 Private Car Modal Split Model......................................................................... 2-67 Figure 2-50 Private Car Modal Share Model in This Study................................................. 2-68 Figure 2-51 Explanatory Illustration for Station Accessibility .............................................. 2-69 Figure 2-52 Modal Split Model (Bus and Metro) Calibration Results and Estimated

Rail Mode Share ............................................................................................. 2-70 Figure 2-53 Concept of Traffic Assignment and Finding a Tree/Route............................... 2-71 Figure 2-54 Choice of Transport Mode Reflected in Relationship between Traffic

Density and Distance ...................................................................................... 2-87 Figure 2-55 Concept drawing of El Remayah Station, showing the layout of

Underground “park and ride” and modal interchange facilities ........................ 2-89 Figure 2-56 Concept Drawing of El Giza Station, Showing the Layout of

Above-ground “Park and Ride” and Modal Interchange Facilities ................... 2-90 Figure 2-57 Plan Arrangement of “Pick-up and Set-down” Facilities for Feeder

Transport at Ordinary Stations ........................................................................ 2-91 Figure 2-58 Distribution of Passenger Demand Forecast by Feeder Trip Distance

(Entire Route of Metro Line 4) ......................................................................... 2-93 Figure 2-59 Distribution of Passenger Demand Forecast by Feeder Trip Distance

(Metro Line 4 Phase 1 route)........................................................................... 2-94 Figure 3-1 Main Crossing Structures Between El Malek El Saleh and El Remayah

Square............................................................................................................... 3-3 Figure 3-2 Possible Routes between El Malek El Saleh and Sta.6 .................................... 3-4 Figure 3-3 Existing Conditions of Giza Square................................................................... 3-5 Figure 3-4 The Flyover ....................................................................................................... 3-5 Figure 3-5 Location of Faisal Station and El-Giza Station on Metro Line 2 ........................ 3-7 Figure 3-6 Current Condition of Pyramids Road................................................................. 3-7 Figure 3-7 Current Condition of King Faisal Street ............................................................. 3-8 Figure 3-8 Plan for Toll Road Along King Faisal Street ...................................................... 3-9 Figure 3-9 Alternative Route Avoiding Main Construction Difficulties ............................... 3-10 Figure 3-10 List of Existing Site Conditions ........................................................................ 3-13 Figure 3-11 Alternative Alignments Around the Intersection of Pyramids Road with

Alexandria Desert Road .................................................................................. 3-14 Figure 3-12 Proposed Route for Phase 1 Section .............................................................. 3-15 Figure 3-13 Schematic Layout of Station Locations ........................................................... 3-16 Figure 3-14 Schematic Vertical Alignment.......................................................................... 3-17 Figure 3-15 Typical Cross Section of Tunnel...................................................................... 3-20 Figure 3-16 Typical Cross Section of Station Structure ...................................................... 3-21 Figure 3-17 Possible Planning Area for the Workshop/Depot ............................................ 3-21 Figure 3-18 Alternative Access Routes to the Workshop/Depot......................................... 3-22 Figure 3-19 List of Hard Points........................................................................................... 3-25 Figure 4-1 Future Land Use Composition within 2,000 m Distance From/To the

Stations ............................................................................................................. 4-2 Figure 4-2 Site in front of Children Cancer Hospital ........................................................... 4-4 Figure 4-3 World Heritage Area.......................................................................................... 4-5 Figure 4-4 Alternative Route Corridor for Phase2 Section (Northern Route and

Eastern Route) .................................................................................................. 4-6 Figure 4-5 Hard Points Location of Northern Route ........................................................... 4-8 Figure 4-6 Typical Cross Section Under Port Said Street................................................... 4-9 Figure 4-7 Neighbouring Construction of the Yamate Tunnel in Tokyo ............................ 4-10


Final Report - Volume 2 (ix)

Figure 4-8 Complicated Neighbouring Tunnel Construction of Keio Line and Sagami Line in Tokyo...................................................................................... 4-11

Figure 4-9 Cross Section at Crossing Point of El Azhar Road Tunnel.............................. 4-12 Figure 4-10 Structural Type of Northern Route and Southern Route ................................. 4-14 Figure 4-11 Intersection at Grade Covered with Road Decks ............................................ 4-15 Figure 4-12 Plan and Profile of Cut and Cover with Road Deck Method during

Station Construction........................................................................................ 4-16 Figure 4-13 Procedure of Installing the Road Deck during Station Construction................ 4-17 Figure 4-14 Procedure of the Road Deck Method during Station Construction .................. 4-18 Figure 4-15 Procedure of Hanging Spine Wastewater Tunnel in Station

Construction .................................................................................................... 4-19 Figure 4-16 Seismic Countermeasure for the SWWT in Station......................................... 4-20 Figure 4 17 Plan at Station No. 8 (Ghamrah) ..................................................................... 4-21 Figure 4-18 Image of Station No. 8 (Ghamrah) Constructed Using the Multi Box

Jacking............................................................................................................ 4-21 Figure 4-19 Photo of Multi Box Jacking Machine and Image of Construction..................... 4-22 Figure 4-20 Image of Station No. 8 (Ghamrah) constructed Using HEP and JES

Method ............................................................................................................ 4-23 Figure 4-21 Photo and Image of HEP and JES Construction Method ................................ 4-23 Figure 4-22 TBM Excavation Procedure Plan (Left: Northern Route, Right: Eastern

Route) ............................................................................................................. 4-26 Figure 4-23 Mechanism of the Settlement by the Deformation of Backfill Material............. 4-27 Figure 4-24 Ground Surface Settlement with Different Backfill Materials ........................... 4-28 Figure 4-25 Image of Soil Improvement from the Cutting Face of the Shield TBM............. 4-29 Figure 4-26 Construction Schedule of Phase 2 (Northern Route) ...................................... 4-31 Figure 4-27 Construction Schedule of Phase-2 Eastern Route .......................................... 4-32

LIST OF APPENDIXES Appendix 1: Traffic Count Locations Appendix 2: Traffic Count Locations at Port-Said Street Appendix 3: Screen Line Traffic Count Locations Appendix 4: Traffic Volume Fluctuation and Traffic Composition at the Screen Line

Locations Appendix 5: Summary of Horizontal Alignment for Phase1 and Phase2 Appendix 6: Alignment Drawing for Phase2 and Phase3 Appendix 7: Interview Survey Forms in Arabic

GROSSARY OF ABBREVIATIONS AND MEASURING UNITS


Final Report - Volume 2 Abbreviations and Units I

GLOSSARY OF ABBREVIATIONS AND MEASURING UNITS

ABBREVIATIONS

A

AASHTO American Association of State Highways and Transportation

Officials

AB Absolute Block

ABS Automatic Block Signals

A/C Air Conditioning

AC Alternating Current

ACE Arab Consulting Engineers

ACij Access Length

ADT Average Daily Traffic

AF Audio Frequency

AFC Automatic Fare Collection (system)

AfDB African Development Bank

AG Automatic Gate

AGT Automated Guide-way Transit

AHU Air Handling Unit

AM Amplitude Modulation

am Ante meridian

ANSI American National Standards Institute

AREMA American Railway Engineering and Maintenance Association

ARS Automatic Route Setting

ASCII American Standard Code for Information Interchange

asl Above Sea Level

ASTM American Society for Testing and Materials

AT Auto Transformer

ATC Automatic Train Control

ATO Automatic Train Operation

ATP Automatic Train Protection

ATS Automatic Train Supervision

ATS Automatic Train Stop

Ave. Average

B


Final Report - Volume 2 Abbreviations and Units II

BAS Building Automation System

BCC Beginning of Circular Curve

BCR Benefit Cost Ratio

BD Basic Design

BNC British National Connector

BP Brake Pipe

BRT Bus Rapid Transit

BS British Standard

BSE Base Station Equipment

BT Booster Transformer

BTC Beginning of Transition Curve

C

CA Certification Authority

CAA Competent Administrative Authority

CAD Computer Aided Design

C&I Criteria & Indicator

CAPMAS Central Agency for Public Mobilization and Statistics

CAPW Construction Authority for Portable Water and Wastewater

CBD Central Business District

CBTC Communication Based Train Control

CCIR International Radio Consultation Committee

CCITT Consultative Committee for International Telephone and

Telegraphs

CCP Central Control Point

CCTV Closed Circuit Television

CCU Central Control Unit

CCU Communication with Central Control Unit

CD ROM Compact Disc Read Only Memory

CDR Compact Disc Recordable

CIP Central Interface Panel

CENELEC European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization

CI Computerized Interlocking

CICC Contactless IC Card

CIPF Card Initiation and Personalization Function

CIPS Card Initiation and Personalization System

CMH Cubic Meter per Hour

CML Cairo Metro Line


Final Report - Volume 2 Abbreviations and Units III

CMO Cairo Metro Organization

CMOS Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor

CNG Compressed Natural Gas

COP Crew Operation Panel

CPEE City Unit Cable

CPM Critical Path Method

CREATS Cairo Regional Area Transportation Study

CRT Cathode Ray Tube

CS Cab Signal

CSC Contactless Smart Card

CTA Cairo Transport Authority

CULTNAT Cultural and National Heritage

CV Curriculum Vitae

CWO Cairo Wastewater Organization

CWR Continuously Welded Rail

D

DB Dry Bulb (Ventilation)

D&B Design and Build

DC Direct Current

DC Direct Cost

DCF Discount Cash Flow

DF Depot Facility

DIN Deutsche Industry Norm (German Industrial Standard)

DO Dissolved Oxygen

DOS Disk Operating System

DSRSC Design Standards for Railway Structures and Commentary

DWG Drawing

E

E&M Electrical and Mechanical

ECC End of Circular Curve

ECM Egyptian Company for Metro

ECMOU Egyptian Company for Maintaining and Operating the

Underground

ECS Environmental Control System

EEAA Egyptian Environmental Affairs Agency

EEHC Egyptian Electricity Holding Company

Egij Egress Length


Final Report - Volume 2 Abbreviations and Units IV

EGP Egyptian Pound

EGSA Egyptian General Survey Authority

EHF Extremely High Frequency (mill-meter wave)

EIA Environmental Impact Assessment

EIB European Investment Bank

EIRENE European Integrated Railway Radio Enhanced NEtwork

EIRR Economic Internal Rate of Return

ELCB Earth Leakage Circuit Breaker

EMC Electro Magnetic Compatibility

EMI Electro Magnetic Interference

EMU Environmental Management Unit (Governorate)

EMU Electric Multiple Unit

ENIT Egypt National Institute of Transport

ENPV Economic Net Present Value

ENR Egyptian National Railway

EPBM Earth Pressure Balanced Machine

EPI Environmental performance Indicator

ER Electric Room

ERs Executive Regulations

ERTMS European Railway Traffic Management System

ETC End of Transition Curve

ETCS European Train Control System

ETHERNET Computer Cabling System

EU European Union

EUA EU emission Allowance

F

FCC Federal Communications Commission

FIRR Financial Internal Rate of Return

FM Frequency Modulation

FOB Free On Board

FOC Fiber Optic Cable

F/S Feasibility Study

FS Fail Safe

FSK Frequency Shift Keying

FSR Feasibility Study Report

FTP File Transfer Protocol

FY Fiscal Year, Financial Year


Final Report - Volume 2 Abbreviations and Units V

G

GARBLT General Authority for Roads, Bridges and Land Transport

GC General Consultant

GCA Greater Cairo Area

GCR Greater Cairo Region

GDP Gross Domestic Product

GEM Grand Egyptian Museum

GHG Greenhouse Gas

GIS Geographic Information System

GL Ground Level

GNI Gross National Income

GOE Government of Egypt

GOJ Government of Japan

GOPP General Organization for Physical Planning

GPS Global Positioning by Satellite System

GRDP Gross Regional Domestic Product

GSM Global System for Mobile communications

GSM-R Global System for Mobile communications for Railways

GUI Graphical User Interface

H

HB Home Based

HFC Hydro-Fluoro-Carbon

HIS Home Interview Survey

HMI Human Machine Interface

Hz Hertz

hr hour

HS Hindrance Sensor

HTTP Hyper Text Transfer Protocol

HVL High Voltage Line

HVS High Voltage Station

I

IBA Important Bird Area

IBC International Building Code

IBRD International Bank for Reconstruction and Development

IC Integrated Circuit

ICEA Insulated Cable Engineers Association

IDC In-Direct Cost


Final Report - Volume 2 Abbreviations and Units VI

IEC International Electrotechnical Commission

IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers

IGBT Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor

IMF International Monetary Fund

IP Implementation Program

IRJ Insulated Rail Joint

IRR Internal Rate of Return

IS Information System

ISDN Integrated Services Digital Network

ISO International Standards Organization

IT Information Technology

I-Tax Import Tax

ITU International Telecommunication Union

ITV Industrial Television

IUCN International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural

Resources

J

JARTS Japan Railway Technical Service

JBIC Japan Bank for International Cooperation (former name of

JICA)

JICA Japan International Cooperation Agency

JIS Japanese Industrial Standards

JNR Japanese National Railways

JPY Japanese Yen

JST JICA Study Team

K

kCal kilo-Calory

kV kilo Volt

kVA kilo Volt Ampere

L

LAN Local Area Network

LCD Liquid Crystal Display

LCU Local Control Unit

LCX Leaky Coaxial Cable

LE /L.E. Egyptian Pound

LED Light Emitting Diode

LPS Lighting and Power Station


Final Report - Volume 2 Abbreviations and Units VII

LRT Light Rail Transit

LRV Light Rail Vehicle

LRU Line Replaceable Unit

LT Link Traffic

LV Low Voltage

LWR Long Welded Rail

M

MCA Multi-Criteria Analysis

MCBF Mean Cycle Between Failure

MCP Manual Control Panel

MCPC Monitoring and Control Personal Computer

MCS Manual Control Switch

MDB Manual Door Opening Button

M&E Mechanical and Electrical

MDBF Mean Distance Between Failure

MDOP Manual Door Operation Panel

MH Maintenance Hatch

MIL Military Specification

min. minute

MIS Management Information System

MJC Misr Japan Alled Company for Rolling Stock Maintenance and

Renweal

MLIT Ministry of Land Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism /

Japan

MOH Ministry of health (Egypt)

MOT Ministry of Transport (Egypt)

MP Mimic Panel

MPU Motive Power Unit

MPU Micro Processor Units

MRT Mass Rapid Transit

MSEA Ministry of State for Environmental Affairs

MSK Minimum Shift Keying Modulation

MT Matting Transformer

MT Magnetic Ticket (AFC)

M4N Metro Line 4 North section (Phase 2)

M4W Metro Line 4 West Section (Phase 1)

MW Mega Watt


Final Report - Volume 2 Abbreviations and Units VIII

N

NAT National Authority for Tunnel, Ministry of Transport

NATM New Austrian Tunneling Method

NFPA National Fire Prevention Association

NGO Non-Governmental Organization

NHB Non-Home Based

NOUH National Organization for Urban Harmony

NOx Nitrogen Oxides

NPV Net Present Value

N-Sta. North line Station (Phase 2)

NUC New Urban Community

O

OA Outside Air (Ventilation)

OCC Operation Control Centre

OCS Overhead Contact System

OD / O/D Origin and Destination

ODA Official Development Assistance

OFC Optical Fibre Cable

OHC Over Head Catenary

O&M Operation and Maintenance

OP Operation Policy

ORC Overhead Rigid Conductor

P

p.a. per annum

P&L Profit and Loss

PA Public Announcement/ Public Address

PAP Project Affected Person

Pax Passenger

PBX Private Automatic Branch Exchange

PC Pre-stressed Concrete

PC Personal Computer

PCP Power Control Point

PCU Passenger Car Unit

p/h person per hour

PHPDT Peak Hour Peak Direction Trips

PID Passenger Information Display

PKI-SAM Public Key Infrastructure - Security Access Key


Final Report - Volume 2 Abbreviations and Units IX

pm post meridian

PM Particulate Matter

PMSM Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor

PPHPD Passengers Per Hour Per Direction

PPM Planned Preventive Maintenance

PRC Programmed Route Control

PRJ Projector

PSD Platform Screen Door

P.T. Piaster

PT Person Trip

PTC Programmed Traffic Control

PPM Parts Per Million

PSO Public Service Obligation

PVC Poly Vinyl Chloride

PVU Portable Verification Unit

PW Permanent Way

Q

QA Quality Assurance

R

RA Returned Air

RAMS Reliability, Availability, Maintainability and Safety

RAP Resettlement Action Plan

RBO Regional Branch Offices

RC Reinforced Concrete

RCS Radio Central Control System

Rd. Road

RF Radio Frequency

Rf Rectifier equipment

RH Relative Humidity

RI Relay Interlocking

Rij Railway Length

RL Rail Level

ROE Return On Equity

ROI Return On Investment

ROW Right Of Way

RP Revealed Preference

RPS Revealed Preference Survey


Final Report - Volume 2 Abbreviations and Units X

RPF Resettlement Policy Framework

RS Rectifier Station

RS Rolling Stock

RT Refrigeration Tons

RTU Remote Terminal Unit

RTRI Railway Technical Research Institute, Japan

R/W Read and Write

S

SA Supply Air

SAM Security Access Module

SCA Supreme Council of Antiquities

SCADA Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition

SCU Station Control Unit

SDH Synchronous Digital Hierarchy

SDMP The Strategic Urban Development Master Plan Study for a

sustainable Development of the Greater Cairo Region in the

Arab Republic of Egypt

Sec. Section

sec. second

SEVP Signal Polyethylene Vinyl Cable

SF Stored Fare (Ticket)

SHF Super High Frequency (centimeter wave)

SI Systeme Internationale d’Unites (SI Unit)

SI Sensitive Indicator

SIFE Students in Free Enterprise

SL Screen Line

SM Single Mode

SO2 Sulfur Dioxide

SOFRETU Société Française d’études et de réalisations de transports

urbains

SP Stated Preference

SPAD Signal Passing At Danger

SPF Shadow Pricing Factor

SPS Stated Preference Survey

SPT Standard Penetration Test

SQEE Signal Quad Polyethylene Cable

sq.m. square meter


Final Report - Volume 2 Abbreviations and Units XI

SSOP Station Staff operation Panel

STA / Sta. Station

STRASYA Standard Urban Railway System for Asia

STEP Special Terms for Economic Partnership

SV Switching Value

S/W Scope of Work

SWWT Spine Waste Water Tunnel

T

TAC Track Access Charge

TAZ Traffic Analysis Zone

TBM Tunnel Boring Machine

TD Train Detection

TD Tender Document

TDM Time Division Multiplex

TDMA Time Division Multiple Access

TEF Tunnel Exhaust Fans

TETRA Terrestrial Trunked Radio

TIS Ticket Initialization Unit

TOM Ticket Office Machine

TOR Terms Of Reference

TR Ticket Reader

TV Television

TVF Tunnel Ventilation Fans

TVM Ticket Vending Machine

U

UNDP United Nations Development Programme

UIC Union International des Chemins de fer (International Union of

Railways)

UPS Uninterruptible Power Supply

USRT United States Refrigeration Tons

V

V Volt

VAT Value Added Tax

VHF Very High Frequency

VOC Vehicle Operating Cost

VOT Value Of Travel Time

VVVF Valuable Voltage Valuable Frequency


Final Report - Volume 2 Abbreviations and Units XII

W

W Watt

WB World Bank

WB Wet Bulb

W/D Workshop/Depot

W/S Work Station

WS Wayside Signal

WAN Wide Area Network

WWW World Wide Web

WYSIWYG What You See Is What You Get


Final Report - Volume 2 Abbreviations and Units XIII

UNITS OF MEASURE

A Ampere

Amp Ampere

BTU British Thermal Unit

dB Decibel

dBA Decibel on the ‘A’ weighted scale

FC Foot-candles

g Acceleration due to Gravity (32.2 ft/s2 =9.81 m/s2 )

H Hour

Hz Hertz

In Inch

J Joule

ha Hectare

kg Kilogram

kHz Kilohertz

km Kilometer

km2 Square Kilometer

km/h Kilometer per hour

kWh Kilowatt hour

kV Kilovolt

I Liter

L.E. Egyptian Pound

m Meter

m2 Square Meter

mg/l Milligram per Litter

MHz Mega Hertz

min Minute

mm Millimeter

MW Megawatt

MVA Mega Volt Ampere

mV Millivolt

ìV Microvolt

N Newton

NYU Nephelometric Turbidity Unit

ppm parts per million

RT Refrigeration Tons


Final Report - Volume 2 Abbreviations and Units XIV

sec Second

ug/m3 Microgram per cubic meter

USRT United States Refrigeration Tons

V Volt

Vac Volt alternating current

Vdc Volt direct current

wt weight

°C Degree Celsius

°F Degree Fahrenheit

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY OF VOLUME 2

JICA PREPARATORY SURVEY ON GREATER CAIRO METRO LINE NO. 4

Final Report - Volume 2 1 Executive Summary

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY OF VOLUME 2

1. Introduction

1.1 Background and Purpose of the Study

The Greater Cairo Region is the premier city in Egypt. It is rich in history and boasts of a

large number of historical structures. It is the largest city in the African Continent and the

Middle Eastern Region with a population of over 18 million, representing 25% of the total

population of Egypt.

As the population of the Greater Cairo Region is envisaged to increase to 20 million by the

year 2017 according to the SDMP Report, the Government of Egypt (GOE) is reforming the

urban structure, changing from a mono-centric form to a decentralized form, notably

through the development of New Urban Communities (NUCs), such as the 10th of

Ramadan City and 6th October City. However, the increasing transport demand has not

been accompanied by a substantial solution to urban problems such as road traffic

congestion, insufficient public transportation services and air pollution.

At present two metro lines are in service and one metro line is under construction. As a

long-term strategic development plan, the General Organization for Physical Planning

(GOPP) has prepared “the Cairo Vision 2050”. This vision document proposes 15 metro

routes as the main public transport system in the Greater Cairo Region.

Under this circumstanced, GOE has decided to construct, as early as practicable, the Metro

Line 4, and requested the Government of Japan (GOJ) to implement the “Development

Study on Greater Cairo Metro Line No.4 Project in October 2008, by the Government of the

Arab Republic of Egypt”. The Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA), the official

agency responsible for the implementation of GOJ’s programs, has had discussions with

the National Authority for Tunnels (NAT) of the Ministry of Transport and has agreed to

conduct a feasibility study for the proposed Metro Line 4. The document for the Scope of

Work was signed on 21st December 2008.

1.2 Implementation of the Study

The JICA Preparatory Survey on the Greater Cairo Metro Line No.4 was undertaken in

March 2009, based on the Scope of Work agreed among the NAT, the Ministry of Transport,

and the JICA. The study was carried out by the JICA Study Team (JST), which is the

consultant team hired by JICA for the implementation of this study. The JICA Preparatory

Survey consists of the following two major studies.

New Transportation Study on Greater Cairo Metro Line No.4, including selection of the routes for Phase 1 and Phase 2, considering future transport demand up until the year 2050.

A complete Feasibility Study for the combined Phase 1 and Phase 2 selected route, including Preliminary Design for Phase 1, considering future transport demand up until the year 2050.



2. Transportation Study

2.1 Transport Survey

JICA Study Team has analyzed previous surveys which were carried out by JICA as follows;

Public Private Partnership Program for Cairo Urban Expressway Network Development (May 2006)

Feasibility Study on High Priority Urban Toll Expressways in Cairo (January 2009) The Strategic Urban Development Master Plan Study for Sustainable Development

of the Greater Cairo Region (January 2008) Based on the above analysis, JICA Study Team has conducted following four surveys.

Link Traffic Count Survey (LT survey) Screen Line Survey (SL survey) Interview Survey for Car Users and Public Transport Users Interview Survey for Tourists

The purposes of these transport surveys are:

To recognize the traffic volume characteristics on the roads along the route of Metro Line 4.

To study the direct impact on the road traffic along the Metro Line 4, such as the level of service, air pollution and noise level.

To get necessary information for traffic control and management plans during the construction stage.

Validate the main output of the transportation planning models that will be developed in this study.

On the other hand, the main objectives of the interview survey are:

To calibrate a modal choice model To measure their willingness to pay for a new metro service that would be safer

and more time-saving 2.2 Urbanization and Socio-Economic Development

The study area comprises rapidly growing and newly urbanizing communities at its western

and eastern extremities, as well as a mature urban core at its centre and in its northern

section. The pattern of urban growth within Greater Cairo up until 2050 was assumed to

follow the shift of residential development and population away from the existing urban

concentrations (agglomerations) to “New Urban Communities” (NUCs), as envisaged in

Cairo Vision 2050.

The strategy for the urban development of Greater Cairo, as presented in Cairo Vision 2050,

is given in Figure 1 below.



Existing area of population concentration, from which there will be a shift of population by 2050.

New areas to be proposed for residential development to absorb an additional 1 million residential units by 2050 (comprising approx. 35,000 feddan in total)

Already existing “New Urban Communities” planned for expansion to absorb an additional 1 million residential units each by 2050

Area to be reserved for agricultural land within Greater Cairo (approximately 60,000 feddan)

Source: Vision 2050, General Office for Physical Planning, Ministry of Housing, Utilities and Urban

Development

Figure 1 Urban Development Strategy for Greater Cairo up to 2050

2.2.1 Population Projections

For the purpose of summarizing the population forecasts used as inputs for the transport

demand forecast, the study area was divided into 18 geographical sectors. Following table

shows the summary of forecast population and growth rates by study sectors.

In most cases of sectors containing existing NUCs (see rows shaded green), the average

rate of population increase declines significantly between 2027 and 2050, as these areas

approach their capacity. Conversely, it shows that in most cases of sectors containing new

NUCs (see rows shaded purple), the average rate of population increase either remains

constant or expands between 2027 and 2050.



Table 1 Summary of Forecast Population Growth Rates, by Study Sector

2009-2027 2009-2050 2009-2027 2009-20501 6th of October 322,880 1,449,364 1,671,672 449% 518% 8.7% 4.1%2 Imbaba Markaz 1,835,262 2,684,164 3,575,870 146% 195% 2.1% 1.6%3 Dokki 1,343,380 1,429,463 1,648,719 106% 123% 0.3% 0.5%4 Giza 1,567,077 1,974,991 2,625,922 126% 168% 1.3% 1.3%5 South Giza 530,317 590,495 681,067 111% 128% 0.6% 0.6%6 Helwan 820,100 995,041 2,911,664 121% 355% 1.1% 3.1%7 Maadi 1,113,044 1,655,522 1,909,452 149% 172% 2.2% 1.3%8 Khaleafa 858,798 951,550 1,097,502 111% 128% 0.6% 0.6%9 CBD 399,602 384,529 443,509 96% 111% -0.2% 0.3%10 Shobra 1,020,712 1,041,766 1,201,556 102% 118% 0.1% 0.4%11 Masr El Gedeeda 873,972 976,786 1,126,609 112% 129% 0.6% 0.6%12 Nasr City 1,118,408 2,355,577 2,716,884 211% 243% 4.2% 2.2%13 Ain Sham 1,067,601 1,401,467 1,616,429 131% 151% 1.5% 1.0%14 Salam City 815,377 725,064 836,277 89% 103% -0.7% 0.1%15 Shobra El Kheima 1,084,038 1,406,107 1,621,781 130% 150% 1.5% 1.0%16 Qalyob 924,506 1,270,396 1,465,254 137% 158% 1.8% 1.1%17 Qanater 1,350,293 2,313,704 3,988,588 171% 295% 3.0% 2.7%18 10th of Ramadan 171,217 586,024 675,910 342% 395% 7.1% 3.4%

Total 17,216,581 24,192,010 31,814,664 141% 185% 1.9% 1.5%

Y2050 Av. annual rate of growthNo. Overall GrowthSector Y2009 Y2027

Sources: (1) SDMP Report 2008 (Population forecasts 2007-2027) (2) JICA Study Team 2009 (Population forecasts 2030-2050) Key: Includes existing NUCs Includes new NUCs identified in Vision 2050 2.2.2 Employment Projections

The growth of employment in the study area is one of the factors having a strong influence

on the growth in demand for the proposed Cairo Metro Line 4. Summary of forecast

employment and growth rates by study sector is show in table below. It may be observed

that the forecast reflects an expectation of a substantial shift of employment away from the

main agglomerations to the existing and proposed NUCs. The former (shaded green) are

expected to continue employment growth beyond 2027, but at reduced rates, while the

latter (shaded purple), for the most part, are expected to more than double their annual

rates of growth between 2009 and 2050, as compared with 2009-2027.

Table 2 Summary of Forecast Employment Growth Rates by Study Sector

Sources: SDMP report (2008); JICA Study Team (2009)

2009-2027 2009-2050 2009-2027 2009-2050NUC's - existing 461 1,443 2,803 313% 608% 6.5% 4.5%

1 6th of October 119 335 718 282% 603% 5.9% 4.5%

12 Nasr City 47 294 704 631% 1513% 10.8% 6.9%18 10th of Ramadan 166 365 739 220% 446% 4.5% 3.7%

Others 130 449 642 346% 495% 7.1% 4.0%Agglomerations, small towns and new NUC's 4,004 5,507 8,462 138% 211% 1.8% 1.8%

2 Imbaba Markaz 463 747 654 161% 141% 2.7% 0.8%

3 Dokki 347 398 348 114% 100% 0.8% 0.0%

4 Giza 403 549 1,417 136% 352% 1.7% 3.1%

5 South Giza 137 164 387 120% 283% 1.0% 2.6%

6 Helwan 211 277 1,280 131% 606% 1.5% 4.5%

7 Maadi 283 460 403 163% 142% 2.7% 0.9%

8 Khaleafa 221 265 232 119% 105% 1.0% 0.1%

9 CBD 104 107 94 103% 90% 0.2% -0.2%

10 Shobra 264 290 254 110% 96% 0.5% -0.1%

11 Masr El Gedeeda 226 272 238 120% 105% 1.0% 0.1%

13 Ain Sham 273 390 341 143% 125% 2.0% 0.5%

14 Sadam City 212 202 177 95% 83% -0.3% -0.4%

15 Shobra El Kheima 278 391 343 141% 123% 1.9% 0.5%

16 Qalyob 236 353 309 150% 131% 2.3% 0.7%

17 Qanater 342 643 1,985 188% 581% 3.6% 4.4%Total 4,465 6,950 9,726 156% 218% 2.5% 1.9%

Y2050 Overall Growth Av. annual rate of growthNo. Study Sector Y2009 Y2027

Salam City



2.2.3 Student Enrolment Projections

Student enrolments are yet another important determinant for the level of demand for a

metro, or indeed for any other form of public transport system. As such, forecasted student

enrolments at the traffic zone level are used as an input for the Transport Demand

Forecasting Model for the calculation of trip generation. Summary of forecast student

enrolment and growth rates by study sector is show in table below. It may be observed that

the forecast reflects an expectation of a large shift of student numbers away from the main

agglomerations to the existing and proposed NUCs. The former (shaded green) are

expected to continuously increase in terms of student numbers beyond 2027, but at

reduced rates, while the latter (shaded purple), for the most part, are expected to double

their annual rates of growth between 2009 and 2050, as compared with 2009-2027.

Table 3 Summary of Forecasted Student Enrolment Growth Rates by Study Sector

2009-2027 2009-2050 2009-2027 2009-2050

NUC's - existing 167 1,113 2,810 666% 1680% 11.1% 7.1%1 6th of October 31 367 927 1197% 3023% 14.8% 8.7%

12 Nasr City 119 597 1,507 502% 1266% 9.4% 6.4%18 10th of Ramadan 17 149 375 849% 2144% 12.6% 7.8%

Agglomerations, smalltowns and new NUC's 3,460 4,712 7,719 136% 223% 1.7% 2.0%

2 Imbaba Markaz 400 639 610 160% 152% 2.6% 1.0%

3 Dokki 300 340 325 113% 108% 0.7% 0.2%

4 Giza 348 470 1,277 135% 367% 1.7% 3.2%

5 South Giza 118 141 349 119% 295% 1.0% 2.7%

6 Helwan 183 237 1,145 130% 627% 1.5% 4.6%

7 Maadi 245 394 376 161% 154% 2.7% 1.1%

8 Khaleafa 191 226 216 118% 113% 0.9% 0.3%

9 CBD 90 92 87 102% 97% 0.1% -0.1%

10 Shobra 228 248 237 109% 104% 0.5% 0.1%

11 Masr El Gedeeda 195 232 222 119% 113% 1.0% 0.3%

13 Ain Sham 236 334 318 141% 135% 1.9% 0.7%

14 Salam City 183 173 165 94% 90% -0.3% -0.3%

15 Shobra El Kheima 240 335 319 139% 133% 1.9% 0.7%

16 Qalyob 204 302 288 148% 142% 2.2% 0.9%

17 Qanater 296 551 1,785 186% 604% 3.5% 4.5%Total 3,635 5,825 8,781 160% 242% 2.7% 2.2%

Y2050 Overall Growth Av. annual rate of growthNo. Study Sector Y2009 Y2027

Sources: SDMP report, 2008 ; JICA Study Team 2.2.4 Car Ownership Projections

A projection of the growth in car ownership until 2050 was made as the basis for estimating

the growth in the daily number of car trips within the study area in the “without project” case

(i.e. the situation which would apply without Metro Line 4 in operation). Application of the

equation derived from the regression process to per capita GRDP resulted in determining

the forecasted car ownership rates for the period 2009-2050, as shown in the following

table.



Table 4 Car Ownership Forecast (Three Governorates)

Year GRDP per cap Ln (x) (x) Estimate Actual

2006 8,124.17 9.00 61.82 60.332007 8,460.14 9.04 66.90 70.082008 8,868.86 9.09 72.82 71.512009 8,985.05 9.10 74.462010 9,050.07 9.11 75.362011 9,181.94 9.12 77.182012 9,383.07 9.15 79.902020 14,238.00 9.56 132.242030 23,873.84 10.08 197.112040 37,685.37 10.54 254.402050 55,571.49 10.93 303.15

Cars per 1000 persons

Growth factor 2050/2006 6.84 4.90 Source: JICA Study Team

2.2.5 Summarized Transport Planning Indicators

The socio-economic indicators which have been assessed as bases for transport planning

in this feasibility study are summarized in table below.

Table 5 Socio-economic Indicators in the Study Area

Socio-economic framework in the study area Indicator Unit 2006 2007 2009 2012 2017 2027 2030 2040 2050

Population 1000 persons 16,101 16,464 17,217 18,411 20,369 24,192 25,387 28,801 31,815 No.of Households 1000 4,007 4,097 4,284 4,582 5,067 5,385 6,318 7,168 7,918 Household S ize Persons/household 4.02 4.02 4.02 4.02 4.02 4.02 4.02 4.02 4.02

EconomyGRDP Million L.E. 148,648 159,202 176,808 197,444 283,457 352,138 692,708 1,240,534 2,020,700 GRDP per Capita L.E. per capita 9,232 9,670 10,270 10,724 13,916 16,273 27,286 43,072 63,515 Labour force 1000 4,613 4,777 5,096 5,506 6,316 7,761 8,193 9,602 11,012 Unemployment % 7% 6% 6% 6% 5% 5% 5% 4% 4%No.of Workers (Secondary and Tertiary) 1000 workers 4,051 4,208 4,465 4,890 5,634 6,950 7,272 8,415 9,726

EducationPrimary and Preparatory 1000 students 2,305 2,328 2,447 2,638 2,922 3,614 3,854 4,545 5,249Secondary and University 1000 students 1,094 1,132 1,187 1,275 1,560 2,211 2,361 2,932 3,531Total 1000 students 3,399 3,460 3,635 3,913 4,482 5,825 6,215 7,477 8,781

Sources: SDMP report, 2008 ; JICA Study Team estimates, 2009 2.3 Analysis of Transport Demand and Services

Passenger transport share in Cairo is shown in Table 6. The daily number of passengers

transported by existing metro is roughly 2 million and total public transport mode

passengers are estimated to be 13.7 million. According to the recent data, the average

number of passengers per day between 05:15-24:15 amounted to 1.217 million on Metro

Line 1 and 0.73 million on Metro Line 2.

Table 6 Estimated Passenger Transport Share

Total Demand 13.7 million Metro 2.0 million CTA 4.1 million

Private Bus 7.6 million Sources: JICA Study Team estimates



2.4 Transport Demand Forecasting Model

During all steps of travel model calibrations and demand forecast, the JICA STRADA

system and the facilities of Excel spread sheets are used. In this report, methodology, step

and explanation of modelling is described.

2.5 Present and Future Transportation Demand Matrix

Based on the socio–economic framework up to 2050 and the transportation models

developed, the present and future transportation demand is estimated according to the

following conventional “four-step” approach:

(1) trip generation and attraction, (2) trip distribution, (3) modal split and (4) trip assignment. The original estimated OD matrices have 464 traffic zone bases, but are not presented in

this report due to its large volume. Therefore the forecasting results in this report are

integrated into a sector zone system with 18 zones. The demand data and OD matrixes

with the original 464 zones are only prepared in electronic based data using Excel or JICA

STRADA data format.

The present and future trip generations by zone are estimated as shown in Table 7, and the

summary results of modal share among “car mode”, “bus mode” and “rail mode” are show

in Table 8.

Table 7 Trip generation and attraction (unit; thousand trips per day)

No.

Sector Zone Gi2008

Gi2027

Gi2050

Growth Rate

2027/2008

Growth Rate

2050/2008

Growth Rate

2050/20271 6th of October 351.7 1,879.0 2,812.4 5.34 8.00 1.50 2 Imbaba Markaz 1,579.9 2,585.0 4,450.0 1.64 2.82 1.72 3 Dokki 1,470.7 1,692.5 2,313.0 1.15 1.57 1.37 4 Giza 2,124.3 2,711.9 4,491.8 1.28 2.11 1.66 5 South Giza 513.3 627.1 865.4 1.22 1.69 1.38 6 Helwan 903.6 1,064.0 3,326.3 1.18 3.68 3.13 7 Maadi 1,098.3 1,712.2 2,873.7 1.56 2.62 1.68 8 Khaleafa 921.3 968.1 1,322.8 1.05 1.44 1.37 9 CBD 719.6 593.3 802.5 0.82 1.12 1.35

10 Shobra 1,094.0 1,118.9 1,556.2 1.02 1.42 1.39 11 Masr El Gedeeda 1,619.2 1,585.1 2,171.9 0.98 1.34 1.37 12 Nasr City 1,369.0 2,583.9 3,473.3 1.89 2.54 1.34 13 Ain Sham 1,062.5 1,385.6 1,907.4 1.30 1.80 1.38 14 Salam City 841.7 773.4 1,071.9 0.92 1.27 1.39 15 Shobra El Kheima 1,137.8 1,404.4 1,927.4 1.23 1.69 1.37 16 Qalyob 882.7 1,103.4 1,477.9 1.25 1.67 1.34 17 Qanater 1,298.2 2,102.6 4,918.2 1.62 3.79 2.34 18 10th of Ramadan 191.7 687.5 1,038.2 3.59 5.42 1.51

Total 19,179.5 26,577.9 42,800.3 1.39 2.23 1.61 Source: JICA Study Team



Table 8 Result of Modal Share Estimation

No. of Trip (thousand trip per day) Modal share (%) Year Metro Line 4 Phase 2

Alternative Car

mode Bus

mode Rail

mode Car

mode Bus

mode Rail

mode 2008 4,584 12,693 2,412 23.3% 64.5% 12.2%

Alt 1 North 9,593 12,365 4,744 35.9% 46.3% 17.8% 2027 Alt 2 East 9,599 12,374 4,730 35.9% 46.3% 17.7% Alt 1 North 19,374 16,017 7,809 44.8% 37.1% 18.1% 2050 Alt 2 East 19,381 15,975 7,845 44.9% 37.0% 18.2%

Source: JICA Study Team 2.6 Present and Future Metro Passenger

Table 9 and Table 10 explain the number of passengers of metro by lines, each year. (Note

that the number of passengers for Metro Line 4 includes both for phase 1 and phase 2

sections). For Metro Line 4 alternative 1, the total passenger volume is expected to be 5.36

million per day, which is the same for alternative 2. However the passenger volumes on

Metro Lines 1 and 2 are lower than alternative 2, because the alignment of line 4 phase 2

section runs along the northern corridor where Metro lines 1 and 2 also compete. In Metro

Line 4 alternative 2, the passenger volume of Metro Line 4 is bigger than alternative 2, but

its phase 2 section is in conflict with Metro Line 3. It is also noted that the demand of Metro

Line No.3 is very low, as compared with alternative 1.

The demand for Metro Line 1 in 2050 surpasses the design capacity. This result suggests

improving the capacity or installing new public transportation service in this area.

Table 9 Summary of Metro Daily Demand (Metro Line No. 4 Alternative 1 North Extension)

Year Metro Line 1

Metro Line 2

Metro Line 3

Metro Line 4

Total

No. of Passengers (Station Boarding / Alighting)

1,237,000 977,000 2,214,0002008

Section Maximum Passengersper hour per direction

54,100 42,200


2,105,000 1,381,000 1,686,000 1,968,000 3,964,0002027


62,100 36,300 59,100 53,100


2,704,000 1,821,000 2,087,000 2,347,000 5,362,0002050


64,600 42,800 67,400 55,700

Source: JICA Study Team



Table 10 Summary of Metro Daily Demand (Metro Line No. 4 Alternative 2 East Extension)

Year Metro Line 1

Metro Line 2

Metro Line 3

Metro Line 4

Total


1,237,000 977,000 2,214,0002008


54,100 42,200


2,131,000 1,452,000 1,487,000 1,814,000 4,017,0002027


63,000 39,100 40,000 40,300


2,700,000 1,896,000 1,904,000 2,360,000 5,365,0002050

Section Maximum Passenger per hour per direction

63,600 44,000 44,000 53,000

Source: JICA Study Team 2.7 Transit Facility Plan The design of stations along the route of Metro Line 4 will be needed to incorporate

facilities for the transfer of passengers between road transport vehicles and the metro

concourse and platforms (and vice versa). These facilities may be classified into two types:

Full modal interchange facilities at, or near, the terminal stations and possibly at one or two major intermediate stations

Pick-up and set-down facilities at all other stations not having sufficient demand for major interchange facilities

The JICA Study Team has developed conceptual layout plans for two types of modal

interchange terminal: one for a large underground terminal (El Remayah Square) and

another for an above ground terminal (El Giza Station). While these facilities will be of

different size, the same facilities (park and ride for cars and parking bays for other road

transport) will be applied to both types.

3. Track Alignment Study for Phase 1 Section

Based on the basic concept and basic design parameter which is shown in Chapter 3 in this

report, JICA Study Team proposed the Phase 1 route as shown in Figure 2.




Figure 2 Proposed Route for Phase 1 Section

The route will start from El Malek El Saleh Sta. (Connecting Metro Line 1), running along

Salah Salem Street, and passing El Rauda, Giza Square and El Giza Sta. (Connecting

Metro Line 2 and ENR Line). After the El Giza Sta., it will pass through Pyramids Road and

the route will turn at Alexandria Desert Road to El Remayah Square.

From El Remayah Square to Workshop/Depot, three alternative access routes have been

studied. The final route will be selected in the further study stage.

Total length of the route is approximately 17 km with 15 underground stations.

4. Route Selection for Phase 2 Section

Phase 2 route is between El Malek El Saleh via El Sawaha Square and directly to Ring

Road Exit #18, with a length of about 18 km, referred to as the “northern route”. In addition,

an alternative Phase 2 route, starting from El Malek El Saleh to Nasr City, with a length of

about 23.5 km, referred to as the “eastern route”, was evaluated and compared.

The proposed routes to be compared are “Alternative 1 (Northern Route)”, the route studied

and proposed by Cairo Regional Area Transportation Study (CREATS), and “Alternative 2

(Eastern Route)”, the route studied and proposed in the “Greater Cairo Public Transport

Study, Report 2, Integrated Public Transport Network Scenarios” by SYSTRA.

Northern Route and Eastern Route are shown in Figure 3.



Source: JICA Study Team, Map: Quickbird

Figure 3 Alternative Route Corridor for Phase2 Section (Northern Route and Eastern Route)

JICA Study Team has used Multi Criteria Analysis (MCA) to select the route. Result of the

analysis is shown in Table 11.

Table 11 Comparison Considering Transportation Demands in 2050

Alternative 1 (Northern Route) Alternative 2 (Eastern Route)

Multi-Criteria Analysis Score in

words Score Weight

Scorex

Weight

Score in

wordsScore Weight

Scorex

Weight

Transportation Demand in the Far Future:2050

High 9.4 1.2 11.5 High 8.9 1.2 10.9

Cost Mod 5.4 1.2 6.5 Mod 4.6 1.2 5.5 Hard points Low 3.2 0.8 2.4 High 8.6 0.8 6.5 Construction Easiness Mod 5.0 0.7 3.4 High 7.8 0.7 5.3 Construction Schedule Mod 6.9 0.8 5.4 Mod 5.7 0.8 4.5 Environment Mod 6.9 0.8 5.6 High 5.3 0.8 4.3 Archaeological Assets High 7.4 0.9 6.3 Low 3.2 0.9 2.7

Total/Average/Total 44.2 1.0 41.1 44.1 1.0 39.7Source: JICA Study Team



JICA Study Team recommends the construction of both alternative routes of the metro,

considering the future transportation demands. The 2022 transportation demands of both

lines are large enough to require the construction of the metro. However, the 2022

transportation demand of Alternative 1 is larger than that of Alternative 2.

The rehabilitation of the tramway line from Abbasia to Nasr City to efficiently connect Nasr

City with the Metro Line 3 was recommended in the “Greater Cairo Public Transport Study,

Report 2, Integrated Public Transport Network Scenarios” prepared by SYSTRA. Moreover,

the study for the rehabilitation of this tramway as a Super Tram has already started with the

financial support from World Bank.

The construction of stations on Port Side Street has some conflicts with Spine Waste Water

Tunnel (SWWT). However, the recent underground construction technology and experience

show that such conflict can be solved with limited additional cost.

Therefore, JICA Study Team recommends to give priority to Alternative 1 (Northern Route)

and to implement the feasibility study.

CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION


Final Report - Volume2 1-1

CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background of the Study

The Greater Cairo Region, which steeped in history and contains large numbers of

historical structures, is the premier city in Egypt. It is the largest city in the African continent

and the Middle East region with a population of over 18 million, representing 25% of the

total population of Egypt. The Cairo Metro, the only specialized metro system operating in

the African continent, commenced construction in 1981. Its design was based on “Plans for

Construction of Cairo Metro 3 Lines”, developed by Société Française d’études et de

réalisations de transports urbains (SOFRETU) in 1973 to improve road traffic congestion.

The current status of Cairo Metro is as follows.

Metro Line 1 Phase 1 (28 km) started operation in 1987. The whole line (44 km) in full service by 1989.

Metro Line 2 Phase 1 (8 km) started operation in 1996. The whole line (21.6 km) in full service by 2005.

Metro Line 3 Phase 1 (4.3 km) under construction, scheduled to start operation in 2011. The whole line is 34.2 km.

Metro Line 3 was proposed in the “New Public Transportation Study of the Great Cairo

Area” conducted by SYSTRA in 1998-2000 and in the “Cairo Regional Area Transportation

Study” (CREATS) conducted under a JICA Study in 2000-2002.

As the population of the Greater Cairo Region is envisaged to increase to 20 million by the

year 2017 according to the SDMP report, the Government of Egypt (GOE) is reforming the

urban structure, changing from a mono-centric form to a decentralized form, notably

through the development of New Urban Communities (NUCs), such as 10th of Ramadan

City and 6th October City. However, the increased transport demand has not been

accompanied by a substantial solution to urban problems, such as road traffic congestion,

insufficient public transportation services and air pollution.

As a long term strategic development plan, General Organization for Physical Planning

(GOPP) has prepared the Cairo Vision 2050. This vision document proposes 14 metro

routes as the main public transport system in the Greater Cairo Region.

As a consequence, GOE has decided to construct, as early as practicable, Metro Line 4 as

initially proposed by CREATS, and requested the Government of Japan (GOJ) in October

2008 to implement the “Development Study on Greater Cairo Metro Line No.4 Project

(Metro Line 4 Project)”. Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA), the official agency

responsible for the implementation of GOJ’s program, has discussed with National Authority

for Tunnels (NAT) of Ministry of Transport and has agreed to conduct a feasibility study for

the Greater Cairo Metro Line No.4 (Metro Line 4). The document for the Scope of Work

was signed on 21st December 2008.



1.2 Objective of the Study

The primary objective is to conduct a feasibility study for Metro Line 4 (line length

approximately 45 km), from a depot adjacent to Dream Land to El Sawaha Square or Nasr

City via the Grand Egyptian Museum (GEM), El Giza Station of Metro Line 2 and El Malek

El Saleh Station of Metro Line 1. This feasibility study will adopt suitable approaches for the

mitigation of urban transport congestion and contribute to the sustainable development of

the Greater Cairo Region. The following four key objectives will form the foundation of the

study:

- To formulate a proposed route for Metro Line 4

- To assess the justification of the project

- To appropriately plan the project considering its technical, economical and

financial, environmental and social aspects

- To carry out technology transfer to the Egyptian counterpart personnel in the

course of the study

The feasibility study entitled “JICA Preparatory Survey on Greater Cairo Metro Line No. 4 in

the Arab Republic of Egypt” consists of four reports. The main tasks and activities to be

covered in these reports are as follows:

a) Report No. 1 (Volume 1)

- Data collection, diagnosis of the existing public transport system and urban

development hypothesis;

- Collection of the relevant data about the existing and foreseen public utilities;

- Collection of the relevant socio-economic data; and

- Collection of the relevant data for preliminary design.

b) Report No. 2 (Volume 2)

- Analysis of all data collected for generation of Origin and Destination (O/D)

matrices and development of a transportation study of the Greater Cairo Metro

Line 4;

- Recording of all data concerning vehicles and all transport modes, conduct of

field traffic survey in the study area, and review of the demand forecast; and

- Comparison and evaluation of two alternative corridors regarding Metro Line 4

alignment.

c) Report No.3 (Volume 3)

- Preparation of design guidelines and criteria and general features of Metro Line

4 Phase 1.

- Preparation of the general design specifications of Metro Line 4.

d) Report No. 4 (Volume 3)

- Submission of the final results and the pertinent analysis showing the feasibility



of the implementation of the whole project from both economic and financial

perspectives.

1.3 Study Area and Administrative Setting

The Study Area, shown in Figure 1-1, covers two phases, namely, (a) Phase 1 of the

proposed Metro Line 4 that runs from a depot/workshop via GEM to El Malek El Saleh

Station (with a length of about 21 km) and (b) Phase 2 which is a route between El Malek El

Saleh via El Sawaha Square and the Ring Road (Exit No. 18) (with a length of about 18

km). In addition, an alternative Phase 2 route, starting from El Malek El Saleh to Nasr City

(with a length of about 23 km), will be evaluated and compared with the originally proposed

route.


Figure 1-1 Study Area

CHAPTER 2 TRANSPORTATION STUDY



CHAPTER 2 TRANSPORTATION STUDY

2.1 Transport Survey

2.1.1 Introduction

Field data collection in transportation studies can be considered as an important milestone.

This is for two main reasons: first, because most of the decision-making process is usually

based on these data and second, it needs great effort and cost to be implemented. The

data usually needed for transportation studies can be classified into three main types,

namely, socioeconomic and land use data, transportation infrastructure data, and travel

pattern data. This report is intended to a part of the travel pattern data, which is traffic and

interview data.

In that context, it will be very helpful to summarize the main findings of the traffic survey

results of the recent related studies as it can be used in this study. These existing traffic

count data will be very useful in analyzing the road traffic conditions and its future trends.

2.1.2 Summary of Previous Survey

JICA has carried out various traffic count surveys after the CREATS Project in 2002. The

JICA projects after CREATS are as follows (see Table 2-1)

1. JICA PPP

2. JICA Toll Expressway

3. JICA SDMP Table 2-1 Summary of Previous Survey

Project Survey Hour

Number of Traffic Survey

Date of Traffic Survey

JICA PPP Public Private Partnership Program For Cairo Urban Expressway Network Development(May 2006)

16 28 May 2005

JICA Toll Expressway

Feasibility Study on High Priority Urban Toll Expressways In Cairo In Arab Republic of Egypt(January 2009)

18 or 24

24 ※18hour:22,

※24hour:2

Autumn 2007 or

Winter 2008 JICA SDMP The Strategic Urban Development

Master Plan Study for Sustainable Development of the Greater Cairo Region in the Arab Republic of Egypt(January 2008)

16 8 December 2007

Source: JICA PPP, JICA Toll Express way, JICA SDM Figure 2-1 illustrates the traffic count locations for the three aforementioned studies while

Figure 2-2 shows the traffic survey periods for each location. Figure 2-3 depicts the daily

traffic volume at each of these locations on the Greater Cairo map. Table 2-3 summarizes

the exact daily traffic volume at each of the traffic count locations.



Source: JICA PPP, JICA Toll Express way, JICA SDMP

Figure 2-1 Traffic Count Location Map（Previous Surveys）




Figure 2-2 Traffic Survey Hours（Previous Surveys）



Source: JICA PPP, JICA Toll Expressway, JICA SDM

Figure 2-3 Traffic Volume at Each Location Converted to 24-hour Unit（Previous Surveys）

JICA

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Table 2-2 Previous Traffic Survey Data


*Note:24 hours convert is used previous survey result of T51～T52(Rate of 16hours traffic volume:85%, Rate of 18hours traffic volume:94%)

Average24hourconvert

1 El- Barageel Street next to Imbaba airport. 21,467 - 25,236 -

2 Nahya Street next to Boulaq terminal. 14,132 - 16,613 -

3 26th of July corridor in the reach from Giza to Ring Road (near Ring Road). 100,791 - 118,486 -

4 Faisal Street next to Sports Collage. 57,789 - 67,935 -

5 Al-Haram (Pyramids) street next to Electricity Distribution Company Building. 52,862 - 62,143 -

6 26th of July corridor between Ring Road and Shaikh Zayed entrance. 39,640 - 46,599 -

7 The beginning of El-Wahat road near the Ring Road. 28,964 - 34,049 -

8 The beginning of El-Fayyoum road in front of the electricity station. 36,264 - 42,631 -

B01 Warraq Bridge 45,992 - 54,066 -

B02 Rodh El Farag Bridge 83,666 - 98,355 -

B03 Imbaba Bridge 21,574 - 25,362 -

B04 15th of May Bridge 118,548 - 139,361 -

B05 6th of October Bridge 259,798 - 305,409 -

B06 Galaa Bridge 55,902 - 65,716 -

B07 Gamah Bridge 70,991 - 83,454 -

B08 Giza Bridge 82,425 - 96,896 -

B09 Moneeb Bridge 104,066 - 122,336 -

B10 Marazeeq Bridge 12,494 - 14,687 -

A18 26th of July Corridor 78,439 - 92,210 -

A21 Suez Desert Road 35,866 - 42,163 -

A35 Alex. Agriculture Road 89,080 - 104,719 -

A36 Ismailia Agriculture Road 27,169 - 31,939 -

A39 Ismailia Desert Road 79,534 - 93,497 -

A42 Autostrade 32,579 - 38,299 -

AC20 Nasr Road 169,714 - 199,509 -

NW01 24-May Gesr El-Suez St. 67,454 - 79,296 -

NW02 25-May Suez Desert Road 51,872 - 60,979 -

NW03 24-May Abo Bakr El-Sedeeq St. 49,464 - 58,148 -

NW04 Kablat Street 22,565 - 26,527 -

NW05 Lotfy El-Sayed 51,533 - 60,580 Direction of traffic is only one way

NW06 24-May Autostrade Road 63,785 - 74,983 -

NW07 Ahmed Helmy St. 35,380 - 41,591 -

NW08 Ramsis St. 78,451 - 92,224 -

NW09 Salah Salem Road 90,999 - 106,975 -

NW10 Tereat El-Zomor Road 42,993 - 50,541 -

NW11 Sudan St. 35,442 - 41,664 -

T12～13 28-Jan 18 Through traffic to Ramsis sq and Tahreer sq. 180,939 - 192,690 -

T33～34 4-Feb 24 Through to Ramsis direction and Dokki direction 103,056 - 103,056 -

T35～36 4-Feb 18 Al-Azhar Tunnel 59,973 - 63,868The traffic movement stopped from 10:10 to 11:50due to an accident in the tunnel

T51～52 30-Jan 24 Through Traffic to lebanon sq. 70,281 - 70,281 -

NotesSort ofsurvey

Code Year DateSurveyhour

Location

SDMP

2008

2007 4-Dec 16

2005JICA-PPP

JICA-TollExpress No2

RampSurvey

16

23-May

24-May

25-May

30-May

30-May

30-May

24-May

Traffic Volume

JICA

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Table 2-2 Previous Traffic Survey Data (2)

Source: JICA PPP, JICA Toll Express way, JICA SDMP *Note:24 hours convert is used previous survey result of T51～T52(Rate of 16hours traffic volume:85%, Rate of 18hours traffic volume:94%)

Average24hourconvert

11-Sep (121,796)29-Oct (94,024)22-Oct (93,605)6-Nov (93,540)22-Oct (122,550)6-Nov (125,392)23-Oct (84,471)7-Nov (73,122)11-Sep (126,385)30-Oct (113,037)11-Sep (98,664)30-Oct (105,684)5-Sep (104,973)29-Oct (142,870)29-Oct (66,946)31-Oct (79,990)16-Oct (95,283)31-Oct (100,873)16-Oct (104,785)31-Oct (138,756)17-Oct (96,215)5-Nov (113,386)10-Sep (131,718)5-Nov (136,153)17-Oct (60,120)5-Nov (73,565)10-Sep (95,069)13-Nov (111,694)10-Sep (123,370)13-Nov (130,871)17-Oct (143,828)30-Oct (145,789)23-Oct (150,624)7-Nov (119,261)23-Oct (81,551)7-Nov (85,460)24-Oct (87,124)12-Nov (94,789)24-Oct (142,373)12-Nov (136,515)

Surveyhour

LocationTraffic Volume

NotesSort ofsurvey

Code Year Date

Traffic Volume of Western section

Traffic Volume of Southern section


Traffic Volume of Eastern section


Traffic Volume of Northern section



Traffic Volume of Northern section












139,444

144,809

83,914

134,943

83,506

90,957

133,936

66,843

103,382

127,121

73,468

98,078

121,771

104,801E03-5

E03-4

E03-3

107,910

93,573

123,971

78,797

119,711

102,174

123,922

E03-9

E03-8

E03-7

E03-6

Sayyidah Ashah Square

Salah Salem / El Nasr Road next to E3-08

Salah Salem / El Nasr Road / El Mokattm Road

E01-1

E01-2

E01-3

E01-4

E02-1

E02-2

E03-1

Giza Square / Flyover

Giza Bridge (Gamal Abd El Naser )

Salah Salem / Corniche El Nil / Flyover

Magra El Ayoun / Salah Salem / Ain Al Sira

E1 Highway (Exits/Entrances/Main Way) at North Tahrir /Galaa Street /Ramses Stre

Abd Al Salam Arif /Sudan Street / Flyover

Cairo University (Sarwat / Gamiat El Qahira / Dokki Street)

Doqqi Square / Flyover (El Tahrir / Dokki Street)

18

AL NAHDA (6th October Bridge / El Batal Ahmed Abdel Aziz / Wazaret AlZerra)

El Nasr Road / Ahmed Said / Al Amir Qaraqush

Imtedad Ramsis / El Nasr Road / Flyover

Fangray / El Nair Road

Nair Road / Yousof Abbas

El Nasr Road / El Tayaran

El Nasr Road / Abbas El Aqqad / Nozha

El Nasr / Cairo Suez Road / Flyover

15th of May Bridge East (26th of July Street / Corinch El Nile)

JICA-TollExpress No1

TrafficSurvey

2007

E03-2

E03-14

E03-13

E03-12

E03-11

E03-10

114,918

99,650

132,022

127,486

108,810

131,970

78,239

104,448

129,679

111,607

142,634

71,184

110,096

135,376

154,213

143,706

88,929

96,864

148,500


Final Report – Volume 2 2-7

2.1.3 Components and Purpose of Transport Survey

The transport survey in this study consists of four main components as follows:

1．Link Traffic Count Survey (LT survey)

2．Screen Line Survey (SL survey)

3．Interview Survey for Car Users and Public Transport Users

4．Interview Survey for Tourists

The purpose of this transport survey is:

To recognize the traffic volume characteristics on the roads along the route of

Metro Line 4.

To study the direct impact on the road traffic along Metro Line 4, such as the

level of service, air pollution and noise level.

To get necessary information for traffic control and management plans during

the construction stage.

Validate the main output of the transportation planning models that will be

developed in this study, On the other hand, the main objectives of the interview survey are:

To calibrate a modal choice model

To measure their willingness to pay for a new metro service that would be

safer and more time-saving

2.1.4 Link Traffic Count Survey

(1) Survey Locations

As mentioned earlier, JICA has executed various traffic surveys in previous studies.

Therefore, the number of survey locations was decided considering the maximum and

effective usage of their results. The traffic count survey locations should be along the

proposed route of Metro Line 4. The proposed route consists of two phases: the first phase

will be along Pyramids Road starting from an area close to El Remayah Square until El

Malek El Saleh. As for the second phase, there are two main alternatives: the first will be

through Port-Said Street to the north direction and the second will be to the east direction to

Nasr City District. Twelve main locations were selected along the route of phase 1 after

discussion with National Authority for Tunnel (NAT) representatives. Figure 2-4 shows these

locations and Table 2-3 shows the corresponding list. Appendix 1 shows their respective

exact locations. As for the north direction alternative of phase 2, ten locations were

proposed after discussion with NAT representatives. Figure 2-5 also depicts these locations

and Table 2-4 shows the related list. Appendix 2 meanwhile shows the corresponding exact

locations.

The locations for the east alternative of phase 2 will be delayed until the exact route

alignment is finally established.




Figure 2-4 Proposed Link Traffic Count Survey Locations along Pyramids Road

Table 2-3 List of Link Traffic Count Survey Locations along Pyramids Road

Ser. no Code Location

1 LT1 El Remaya Square

2 LT2 Close to Mansouria intersection

3 LT3 Close to Maryoutia intersection

4 LT4 Close to EL-Shaikh El-Sherbini intersection (Matba’ah Station)

5 LT5 Close to Kafr Tohormos Street intersection

6 LT6 Close to Sayed Abo-Khair Street intersection

7 LT7 Close to Ter’et El-Zomor Street intersection

8 LT8 Between El Giza Square and El-Haram Tunnel

9 LT9 El-Gam’ah Street close to Giza Square

10 LT10 Mourad Street close to Giza Square

11 LT11 Close to Abbas Bridge

12 LT12 Rabeea El-Jeezi Street close to Giza Square


Table 2-4 List of Link Traffic Count Survey Locations along Port-Said Street

Ser. no Code Location

1 LT13 Close to Sayyedah Zainab Square

2 LT14 Port Said between Bab El-Khalq Square and Sayyedah Zainab Square

3 LT15 Port Said - between El-Gaish Square and Bab El-Khalq Square

4 LT16 Close to Ghamrah Bridge from the south direction

5 LT17 Between Dair El-Malak and El-Sharakat Streets

6 LT18 Port Said - between Sekkat- El-Wayly Street and Ghamrah Bridge

7 LT19 Close to El-Swaah Square from the south side

8 LT20 Port Said extension (Ismaellia agricultural road) -between El- Ameeryah Bridge and Mostorod Bridge

9 LT21 Port Said extension (Ismaellia agricultural road) -between Mostorod Bridge and the Ring Road

10 LT22 Between Mostorod and Ring Road Source: JICA Study Team



Source: JICA Study Team, 2009

Figure 2-5 Proposed Link Traffic Count Survey Locations along Port Said Street

E



(2) Vehicle Types

The traffic volume will be counted manually. It will be classified based on the following ten

vehicle types:

Passenger Car

Taxi

Shared Taxi/Minibus

Bus

Pick-up

Truck

Heavy Truck (over 3-Axle, trailer and semi-trailer)

Motorcycle / Bicycle

Others A form, shown in Figure 2-6, was designed by JICA Study Team to be used for the traffic

count process by the surveyors.

(3) Traffic Count Period

The traffic count will be conducted on two different working days (Monday, Tuesday, or

Wednesday). The traffic count period will be 19 hours from 6:00 am to 1:00 am at all

locations except for two locations at Pyramids Road (El-Haram Street) and one location at

Port Said Street, where the period will be 24 hours. The main objective of the 24-hr

counting locations is to get some factors for converting the other 19-hr traffic count

locations to equivalent 24-hr counts.

2.1.5 Screen Line Traffic Count Survey

The main objective of the screen line survey is to validate the main output of the

transportation planning models that will be developed in this study. The traffic count

process at the screen line locations has been already finished.

(1) Screen Line Locations

Nine main locations were selected for the traffic count. All the screen line locations actually

consist of bridges over the Nile River. Figure 2-7 shows these locations and Table 2-5

shows the related list. Appendix 3 meanwhile shows the exact locations of each.




Figure 2-6 Traffic Count Form



(2) Screen Line Traffic Count Periods

All the screen line locations were conducted on two days, i.e., one on a normal working day

and the other on a Friday. The traffic count period was 16 hours from 6:00 am to 10:00 pm

for all locations. The process was conducted with the same procedure as the previous

traffic count location considering the same vehicle type classification.


Figure 2-7 Screen Line Survey Location Map

Table 2-5 List of Screen Line Survey Locations, Survey Day and Dates

Link Name Link Code Day Survey Date Ring Road at Maadi Bridge SL1 Wednesday, Friday 27th May, 29th May Abbas Bridge SL2 Monday, Friday 25th May, 29th May Al-Gamah Bridge SL3 Monday, Friday 25th May, 5th June Qasr El Neel Bridge SL4 Tuesday, Friday 19th May, 12th June 6th October Bridge – between Abdel-Monem Riyadh and Zamalek ramps

SL5 Tuesday, Friday 19th May, 12th June

15 May Bridge SL6 Tuesday, Friday 19th May, 12th June Imbaba Bridge SL7 Wednesday, Friday 20th May, 5th June Rod AlFarag Bridge SL8 Wednesday, Friday 20th May, 5th June Ring Road at Alwarraq Bridge SL9 Wednesday, Friday 27th May, 29th May Source: JICA Study Team

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