final research ch # 7
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Chapter # 7
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LEARNING OBJECTIVESUnderstand...
The purpose and process of exploratory research.
The two types and three levels of management
decision-related secondary sources.
The five types of external information and the factors
for evaluating the value of a source and its content.
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LEARNING OBJECTIVESUnderstand . . .
The process of using exploratory research to
understand the management dilemma and work
through the stages of analysis necessary to formulatethe research question (and, ultimately, investigative
questions and measurement questions).
What is involved in internal data mining and how
internal data-mining techniques differ from literature
searches.
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Objectives of Secondary Searches Expand understanding of management dilemma.
Gather background information.
Identify information that should be gathered.
Identify sources for and actual questions that might beused.
Identify sources for and actual sample frames thatmight be used.
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Integration of Secondary Data
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Conducting a Literature SearchDefine management dilemma
Consult books for relevant terms
Use terms to search
Locate/review secondary sources
Evaluate value of each source
and content
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Whiteboard technology makes the discussion of
symptoms relevant to the management-research
question hierarchy easier
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LEVELS OF INFORMATIONPrimary
Sources:
Memos
Letters
Interviews
Speeches
Laws
Internal records
Secondary
Sources:
Encyclopedias
Textbooks
Handbooks
Magazines
Newspapers
Newscasts
Tertiary
Sources:
Indexes
Bibliographies
Internet
search engines
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Integrating Secondary Data
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INFORMATION SOURCES
Encyclopedias
Directories
Handbooks
Types
Indexes/
Bibliographies
Dictionaries
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Index:
is a secondary data source that helps to identify and locate a single book,journal article, author, etc. from a larger set.
Bibliography:
is an information source that helps locate a single book, article, photograph,etc.
Dictionaries:are secondary sources that define words, terms, and jargon.
Encyclopedias:
are secondary sources that provide background or historical informationabout a topic.
Handbook:
is a secondary source used to identify key terms, people, or events relevantto the management dilemma or management question.
Directories:
are reference sources used to identify contact information.
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Evaluating Information Sources
Authority
Format
Audience
Evaluation
Factors
Purpose
Scope
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BILAL SHAMEEM
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Advanced Searching Process
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Review of Advanced Search Options
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The Evolution of Data MiningEvolutionary Step Investigative Question Enabling Technologies Characteristics
Data collection (1960s) What was my average
total revenue over the last
five years?
Computers, tapes, disks Retrospective, static data
delivery
Data access (1980s) What were unit sales in
California lastDecember?
Relational databases
(RDBMS), structuredquery language (SQL),
ODBC
Retrospective, dynamic
data delivery at recordlevel
Data navigation (1990s) What were unit sales in
California last December?
Drill down to
Sacramento.
Online analytic
processing (OLAP),
multidimensional
databases, datawarehouses
Retrospective, dynamic
data delivery at multiple
levels
Data mining (2000) Whats likely to happen
to Sacramento unit sales
next month? Why?
Advanced algorithms,
multiprocessor
computers, massive
databases
Prospective, proactive
information delivery
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Data Mining in Business
Early use of data mining was still being driven by our search for understanding of
customers, as noted by the emphasis on marketing (green bars) use of data
mining. Business also does a lot of data mining in search of greater profitability
(financial analysis=yellow bar). Operations use was growing (gold bars).Notably absent was Human Resources use of data mining.
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HASHAM NAZIR
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Data-Mining Process
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The Business Research Process
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Clarifying the Research
Question
A useful way to approach the research process is to state the basic dilemma that
prompts the research and then try to develop other questions by progressively
breaking down the original question into more specific ones. This process can
be thought of as the management-research question hierarchy.
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Management-Research Question
Hierarchy
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Formulating the Research Question
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Types of Management Questions
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The Research Question
Determine
necessary
evidence
Set
scope of study
Examine
variables
Break
questions
down
Evaluate
hypotheses
Fine-Tuning
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Gantt Chart
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MindWriterProject Plan
A Gantt chart is a common
project planning tool that
reveals summary tasks,benchmarking milestones,
and detailed tasks against a
time frame for the overall
project.
Tasks may be color codedto indicate a particular
team members
responsibilities. Many
project-management
software packages include
Gantt charting.
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Searching Databases vs. the Web
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Key Terms Bibliography Bibliographic Database
Data Mart
Data Mining
Data Visualization
Data Warehouse Dictionary
Directory
Encyclopedia
Expert interview
Exploratory research
Handbook
Index
Individual depth interview
Investigative questions Literature search
Management question
Measurement question
Custom-designed
Predesigned Primary sources
Research questions
Secondary sources
Source evaluation
Purpose Scope
Authority
Audience
Format
Tertiary sources
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