Final Review Final Review For C.S.T.For C.S.T.

Standards 1 & 2

Astronomy

Planets• Inner = Terrestrial = Rocky = High

Density. (Heavy)

• Outer = Jovian = Gas = Low Density. (Light)

• Much closer than stars so we see their movement.

Early Earth• Formed 4.6

Billion Years Ago.

• Layers (Core, Mantle, Crust)

• Heavy sunk, Light floated to the top.

Stars• Make energy by Fusion.• Fusion = lighter to heavier.• Color gives us Temp. & Life cycle.

–Red can be Ten’s of Billions of years old.

–Yellow is Billions–Blue is Millions.

Galaxies

• Our galaxy is the Milky Way• Has Billions of stars• Made of Gas & Dust• Spiral Shape• 100,000 Light Years across.

Standards 3 & 9

Geology

Plate Tectonics• Alfred Wegener offered 4

proofs.

• This led to Plate Tectonics.

• Divergent

• Convergent

• Transform

Rocks• Sedimentary = parts of rocks

• Igneous = melted

• Metamorphic = heat & pressure

• Intrusive = Underground = Large Crystals

• Extrusive = Above ground = Small Crystals

Volcanoes• Two types of eruptions

–Quiet = flowing lava = low in gasses = low in silica.

–Explosive = thick lava = high in gasses = high in silica.

• Divergent = Form where the ground pulls apart.

• Convergent = Forms in subduction zones.

• Hot spots = Form chains of islands. (Atolls)

Volcanoes

California• Coastal cliffs have erosion.

• Water #1 use is agriculture.

• Most precipitation in the North

• Use Aqueducts to move water to the South.

Standards 4, 5, 6 & 8

Global Warming• CO2 is most responsible.

• Burning fossil fuels & wood adds CO2 to the atmosphere.

• CO2 traps heat and can warm the planet.

Early Atmosphere

• Early Earth was very different.

• The first oxygen came from early plants (algae) Photosynthesis.

Wind• The Coriolis effect causes storms to curve

to the West.

Rising/Falling Air• Warm air rises

• Cool air falls

• Where air rises, it rains.

• Where air falls, it is dry.

Altitude• In the troposphere (our

layer)–As you go up, it gets colder.

–As you go up, the pressure gets lower.

Ozone• O3 = Ozone

• In the Stratosphere = Protects us from UV radiation.

• UV radiation can destroy DNA and cause cancer.

• Chlorofluorocarbons (CFC’s) destroy ozone.

El Nino• In the Pacific,

some years the wind stops blowing.

• The ocean in this spot warms up.

• On these years, the weather changes around the globe.