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INTERNET IN IRAN : March 2019 Internet speed Why is SPEED important? Allows journalists, activists and others to share large multimedia files with graphics, audio, video, etc. Iran’s internet speed compared to its regional neighbors: Source: M-Lab Statistics Source: ITU Internet use in Iran Turkey 1.8 Mbps Bahrain 2.6 Mbps 2 Mbps The United Arab Emirates Armenia Saudi Arabia Iraq Iran Afghanistan Iranians have 3X as many active mobile-broadband subscriptions as they do fixed (wired)-broadband subscriptions The internet is accessed primarily via phones 3 Mbps 1.6 Mbps 1 Mbps 0.50 Mbps 0.45 Mbps Kuwait Qatar 5 Mbps Oman 4.2 Mbps 3.5 Mbps Fixed broadband speed Iran ranked 109 out of 133 countries Mobile speed Iran ranked 57 out of 124 countries Mobile-cellular telephone subscriptions per 100 inhabitants per 100 inhabitants per 100 inhabitants 100.07 61.39 46.61 62.21 51.46 Households with computers Households with internet access World Average Iran World Average Iran World Average Iran 101.53

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Page 1: final single page en - Center for Human Rights in Iran · 2019-06-18 · per 100 inhabitants per 100 inhabitants per 100 inhabitants 100.07 61.39 46.61 62.21 51.46 Households with

INTERNET IN IRAN: March 2019

Internet speed

Why is SPEED important?Allows journalists, activists and others to share large multimedia files with graphics, audio, video, etc.

Iran’s internet speed compared to its regional neighbors:

Source: M-Lab Statistics

Source: ITU

Internet usein Iran

Turkey1.8Mbps

Bahrain2.6Mbps

2Mbps

The UnitedArab Emirates

Armenia

Saudi Arabia

Iraq IranAfghanistan

Iranians have

3X as many active mobile-broadband subscriptions as they do fixed (wired)-broadband subscriptions

The internet is accessed primarily via phones

3Mbps

1.6Mbps

1Mbps

0.50Mbps0.45

Mbps

KuwaitQatar5

Mbps

Oman

4.2Mbps

3.5Mbps

Fixed broadband speedIran ranked

109out of

133countries

Mobile speedIran ranked

57out of

124countries

Mobile-cellular telephone subscriptionsper 100 inhabitants per 100 inhabitants per 100 inhabitants

100.07

61.3946.61

62.2151.46

Households with computers

Households with internet access

WorldAverage Iran

WorldAverage

IranWorld

Average

Iran

101.53

Page 2: final single page en - Center for Human Rights in Iran · 2019-06-18 · per 100 inhabitants per 100 inhabitants per 100 inhabitants 100.07 61.39 46.61 62.21 51.46 Households with

Iran ranked SECOND WORST IN WORLDin internet censorship in 2018

InternetCensorship

EstoniaIcelandCanadaGermanyAustraliaUnited StatesJapanGeorgiaFranceTurkeyRussiaUnited Arab Emirates Saudi ArabiaEthiopiaSyriaIRANChina

Source: Freedom House

Freedom on the Net 2018 rankings (most free: 0; least free: 100)

7 Things to know about Iran’s

National Information Network (NIN)

123

4

567

Only STATE-APPROVED CONTENT is on the NIN

The state can CUT OFF ACCESS TO THE GLOBAL INTERNET without disrupting the NIN

The state steers Iranians onto the NIN via FASTER AND CHEAPER service

The NIN helps the STATE SPY on its citizens online

Development of the NIN has taken place under PRESIDENT ROUHANI

ALL INTERNET TRAFFIC goes through the NIN

The NIN is Iran’s STATE-CONTROLLED internet

6

6

15

19

21

22

25

25

25

66

67

69

73

83

83

85

88

Prosecutionsfor online contentIranians are PROSECUTED for online content unlawfully obtained by intelligence and security agencies. For example:

SOHEIL ARABIPosting content challenging religious dogma

SENTENCE:7.5 yearsin prison

SENTENCE:Death

SINA DEGHGHAN

Posting content challenging religious dogma

SENTENCE:Lifein prison

SAEED MALEKPOUR

Developing open source software for uploading photos

SENTENCE:12 years, 9 monthsin prison

HENGAMEH SHAHIDI

Writing commentary critical of the state

Page 3: final single page en - Center for Human Rights in Iran · 2019-06-18 · per 100 inhabitants per 100 inhabitants per 100 inhabitants 100.07 61.39 46.61 62.21 51.46 Households with

The state’sICT infrastructure

State internetprovider

companies

State servers

State toolsand services

e.g. servers,SSLs, email providers

Cyber attacks

PhishingMessagetapping

Fakeapplications DDoS

Malware

How does the state access and monitor personal accounts?

State onlinesurveillance & cyberattacks

WHAT ISCENSORED?

MILLIONS OF WEBSITES BLOCKED

MAJOR SOCIAL MEDIA PLATFORMS BLOCKED

CONTENT FILTERED by key word or phrases

e.g. Psiphon, Outline and other VPNsACCESS TO CIRCUMVENTION TOOLSBLOCKED

e.g. Telegram, Signal, CryptoKat

ENCRYPTED MESSAGING APPSBLOCKED

Blocked domains in Iran (2014-2017)Source: OONI

News mediaHuman rights issues

CulturePolitical criticism

Alcohol & drugsHosting & blogging platforms

Search enginesEconomics

Pornography

LGBTReligion

Gambling

Page 4: final single page en - Center for Human Rights in Iran · 2019-06-18 · per 100 inhabitants per 100 inhabitants per 100 inhabitants 100.07 61.39 46.61 62.21 51.46 Households with

INFLUENCES policiesTARGETS sites & users for censorship/surveillanceHACKS private accountsINTIMIDATES users COLLUDES with judiciary to investigate, arrest & prosecute

Other sources of powerISLAMIC REVOLUTIONARY GUARDS CORP (IRGC)

Who controls internet policy in Iran?

Improved and expanded ICT infrastructureFaster internet(removed limits on speeds over 128kbps)

Expanded mobile phone use(opened licensing for 3G and 4G services)

Unblocked WhatsApp

Strengthening censorship and surveillance via the NINMillions of websites blockedTwitter, Facebook and YouTube stay blocked Blocked Telegram May 2018Circumvention tools blockedEncrypted apps blocked Silent on state-sponsored cyberattacksViolates net neutrality (Higher prices for international internet traffic)

Increased influence of intelligence organizationsin ICT Ministry

SUPREME COUNCIL OF CYBERSPACE

Top internet policy body

WORKING GROUP TO DETERMINE INSTANCES OF CRIMINAL CONTENT

Main filtering body

JUDICIARYCan shut sites/

order blocks

CYBER POLICE (FATA)Can block content/

make arrests

SUPREME LEADER ALI KHAMENEI

Negative

Positive

The Center for Human Rights in Iran is an independent, nonpartisan, nonprofit organization dedicated to the protection and promotion of human rights in Iran.

For more information about any of these issues visit www.iranhumanrights.org

Rouhani’s record on internet freedom


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