Theodore Roosevelt

By Dane Cooper

Pre-Presidential History●Roosevelt held many professions

●A hunter, a cowboy, the NYPD Police commissioner, Assistant Secretary of the Navy, Governor of New York, and a War Hero

●He went on to become the Vice President

● In 1901, at 43, TR became the youngest President due to the assassination of McKinley

Respect to McKinley● TR stated he would maintain his predecessor’s policies

●Vowed to preserve and expand on McKinley’s programs

●He also kept all of his cabinet members

● “It is a dreadful thing to come into the Presidency in this way; but it would be far worse to be mordbid about it. Here is the task, and I have got to do it to the best of my ability.”

Drastic Changes● TR changed the Presidency forever, and did many

things that were never done before

● Meat Inspection Act of 1906 and The Pure Food and Drug Act

● Conserved over 230 million acres of land

● Negotiated the 1902 settlement to the Anthracite Coal Strike (first time federal government intervened in a labor dispute

● Brought a special never before seen charisma to the White House

● Made the President the official center of American Politics, previously held by Congress

● Believed that the Federal Government had an obligation to bring equality to the American Public

● He did this by regulating big business, “trust-buster”

A Fair and Just Leader

● https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HYn5FJnvrZk

● “In any moment of decision, the best thing you can do is the right thing, the next best thing is the wrong thing, and the worst thing you can do is nothing”

● “The best executive is one who has sense enough to pick good people to do what he wants done, and self-restraint enough to keep from meddling with them while they do it.”

● He was also extremely humble and honest, “If you could kick the person in the pants responsible for most of your trouble, you wouldn’t sit for a month”

Foreign Policy● Revolutionized US involvement in foreign affairs

● “Speak softly and carry a big stick”

● Believed US had a global responsibility and that a strong foreign affairs policy served the country

● Brought stability to Venezuela and San Domingo

● “Open-Door” Policy with China

● Panama Canal

● Ended the Russian/Japanese war – and received a Nobel Peace Prize

● Key figure in keeping European Powers balanced

● Sent The Great White Fleet around the world

Media● A fan of the people

● Changed how the Executive Office used the Media

● Made sure the White House was the center of the News every day● Held press conferences ● Kept in constant contact with media● Was always extremely enthusiastic, friendly and positive

● Used this to his advantage both Politically and in general● “believe you can and you’re halfway there”

● Understood that public opinion was extremely important● “The most important single ingredient in the formula of

success is knowing how to get along with people”

Still Had Critics● Some viewed him as too ambitious

● Another issue was that he wanted to regulate and control too many things

● “That fellow at the other end of the avenue wants everything from the birth of Christ, to the death of the devil.”

Theodore’s View of the Presidency

●He lead the US to great prosperity, all while changing the way the President leads

●Was and is still an example of how to lead

●Had an infectious enthusiasm towards being the President, and leading justly

●Believed that he should act, and do what he believed was right

● “I don’t believe anyone has enjoyed the White House as much as I have”

Biography of Theodore Roosevelt

By Dane Cooper

History

●Born October 27, 1858 in New York City●Known by his family as “Teedie”, he did not like being called “teddy”●Was homeschooled because of asthma and illness●Graduated from Harvard College Magna cum laude in 1880

Early Life

●Roosevelt and his cousins formed the “Roosevelt Museum of natural History”● Filled with animals he either caught or killed●He would study them and then place the animals on display

●At age 9, TR wrote a paper entitled “The Natural History of Insects”●After being bullied by two boys, TR found a boxing coach to teach him how to fight and

become stronger●Was the runner-up in the Harvard boxing tournament

●Loved his father deeply, “My father was the best man I ever knew.”●Used his father’s death as fuel to his fire

Following College

●Entered Columbia Law School, though he thought law was irrational●Wrote The Naval War of 1812●Served the New York National Guard from 1882-1886●Married first wife, Alice Hathaway Lee, and had a child, Alice Lee Roosevelt

●Alice passed away two days after giving birth due to kidney failure●Eventually, Roosevelt dropped out of law school and ran for public office

● “I intended to be one of the governing class”

The Hunter

●Built a ranch, Elk Horn in North Dakota

●Published 3 books – Hunting Trips of a Ranchman, Ranch Life and the Hunting-Trail, and The Wilderness Hunter

●Was also a Deputy Sheriff – caught three outlaws, guarded them for 40 hours without sleep as he brought them back for a trial

●Responsible for the Little Missouri Stockmen’s Association and the Boone and Crockett Club

Marriage and The Public

● In 1886 married second wife, Edith Kermit Carow, and had 5 children – Theodore “Ted” III, Kermit, Ethel, Archibald and Quentin

● In 1888, appointed to the United States Civil Service Commission● President of the board of New York City Police Commissioners

●Reformed “one of the most corrupt police forces in America”

Naval Affairs

● In 1897, TR was appointed as the Assistant Secretary of the Navy● This allowed him to start implementing some of his national security views

●He particularly wanted Spain out of Cuba●After the battleship Maine exploded, TR became the acting Secretary for four hours

●He prepared the Navy for war●Was a key figure in having the Navy prepared for the Spanish-American War

The War in Cuba

●TR and Leonard Wood created the US Volunteer Cavalry Regiment

●They were known as the “Rough Riders”●TR and the Rough Riders went to Cuba on June 23, 1898

● The Rough Riders were known for their charge up Kettle Hill●They were lead by TR

●The famous moment came with 200 killed and 1000 wounded

● “The only way to get them to di it in the way it had to be done was to lead them myself”

The Colonel

●Roosevelt was rewarded the Medal of Honor for the Battle of Kettle Hill●Speaking about that battle TR said, “the great day of my life” and “my crowded hour”●TR wanted to be called “The Colonel”, but Teddy seemed to stick

●He actually despised being called Teddy

Political Career

●Ran for Governor of New York and won●Relied heavily on his war career during campaigning

●Square Deal Tactics●Many believe that during his time as governor was when TR shaped many of his views that he

took with him to the presidency●Ford Franchise-Tax Bill

● This taxed public franchises granted by the state and controlled by corporations

Death in the Vice Presidency

● In 1899, President McKinley’s Vice-President, Garret Hobart, died from a heart attack● “Speak softly and carry a big stick, and you will go far”●Theodore Roosevelt accepted the Vice Presidency

●Had many critics who viewed him as too “cowboy” like●McKinley refused to make him Secretary of War, thought the Vice-Presidency could do no

harm●The Vice Presidency did not really suite TR

●Not enough power●He could not promote his views and ideas

Death of a President

●With McKinley dying after being shot, on September 14, 1901 TR became the 26 President of the United States

●Roosevelt showed his loyalty by keeping McKinley’s cabinet and promoting his views●TR served the rest of his first term without a Vice President

● Law stated a VP turned President could not select a Vice President

Political Policies At Home

●Asked Congress to curb the power of Trusts● Trust-buster●Over 40 antitrust suites

●Pure Food and Drug Act●The Meat Inspection Act of 1906●Conserved 230 million acres of land, including national parks, wild life preserves and

even state monuments●Negotiated the 1902 Anthracite Coal Strike settlement●Believed that the Federal Government had a duty to bring equality to the public●Wanted to regulate and reform

●Critics and friends wondered at times if there was anything that he would not want to change or make better

Political Policy Abroad

●Mediated a treaty which led to the end of the Russo-Japanese War●Received a Nobel Peace Prize for this

●Focused heavily on areas that would help defensively for the US – The panama Canal project

●Gentlemen’s Agreement of 1907 – resolved tensions with Japan●Believed US had a global duty●Brought Stability to Venezuela and San Domingo● “Open-Door” policy with China●Kept European Powers balanced●Sent the Great White Fleet on a world tour, to show America’s Naval Power

Skilled with the Media

●Used the Media to his advantage●Understood how important it was to have the public on his side

●He was very well liked, and a fan off the people●Made sure that the White House was prevalent every single day

●Held Press Conferences ●Always in contact with the media●Was always cheerful and enthusiastic

●This was extremely infectious and made many people like him●Carved the path for how the Executive Office uses Media even today

A Fair Leader

●Was a fair person●Humble, Honest and believed that everyone

had the right to a square deal●Changed the way that people looked at the

Presidency●He wanted to regulate everything

●He still allowed the people who worked under him to breathe

●Was not controlling in that way

Post Presidency

●Pushed for Taft to be his successor ●Went on a hunting expedition in East and Central Africa

●Killed/Trapped over 11,400 animals for the Smithsonian Institution and the American Museum of Natural History

●Wrote about the safari in African Game Trails●Formation of the Bull Moose Party

● TR announced, “I accept the progressive nomination on a progressive platform and I shall fight to the end, win or lose”

● “My feeling is that the Democrats will probably win if they nominate a progressive”

Post Presidency cont.

●While Campaigning in Wisconsin, TR was shot by John Flammang Schrank●He gave a 90 minute speech after he was shot in the chest

●“Takes more than a bullet to kill a bull moose!”●Kept the bullet with him for the rest of his life●Eventually lost the election to Wilson

●Wrote Through the Brazilian Wilderness – which talked about his expedition through the Brazilian jungle●Got extremely sick

●TR wrote to a friend that this trip probably cut his life short by 10 years

Death of a Hero

●Through WWI, TR supported the Allies, he also stayed politically active●His son Quentin, a pilot with the American Forces, was shot down in 1918

●He never recovered from the death of his youngest son●On January 5, 1919 Roosevelt died in his sleep from a blood clot that traveled to his lungs●Wilson’s Vice President said, “Death had to take Roosevelt sleeping, for if he had been awake,

there would have been a fight.”

Early Life

Harvard

First Wife and daughter Alice

The Cowboy

The Hunter

The explorer

Second marriage

Early Political Career

The President

Roosevelt’s Final Years

• After a number of expeditions, T.R. took on his last great adventure by exploring the Amazon Rainforest

• Wrote to his friend that the Amazon trip probably took 10 years off of his life• Roosevelt caught jungle fever and actually asked to be left in the jungle so the others could

survive, his son refused and cared for his dad• The sinking of the Lusitania made T.R. call for military round up and denounced Wilson for his

non-aggressiveness• When the War was declared on Germany is 1917, T.R. went to Washington and actually asked

Wilson if he could lead a volunteer combat unit (Wilson did not grant him permission)• All four of his sons joined the military and fought against Germany• His youngest son was killed, and many believe this was the main cause of T.R.’s death, he

never was the same

T.r.’s Final Days

• Roosevelt continued to work and write papers until his death• Many believed he would run for President in 1920• He continued to bash President Wilson for being a pacifist• On January 5, 1919 Theodore Roosevelt died painlessly in his sleep from a clot in his coronary

artery• Many people were extremely shocked by this, did not believe that death was near for T.R.

• He probably did• “Please put out of the light” – his last words

Theodore Roosevelt’s Grave

• The grave of both T.R. and his wife, Edith• The grave is reached by 26 steps, a tribute

to the 26th President

A nation in mourning• The funeral was at Oyster Bay• Many attended however the most notable was VP Thomas Marshal, Army Chief of Staff General, Peyton C, and TR’s close friend, Major-General Leonard Wood (RoughRider)• A link to video of the funeral below

http://www.loc.gov/item/mp76000176/

Teddy’s Lasting Impression• It’s safe to say that TR was one of the most influential Presidents that the US has ever had

• He’s left his mark on a countless number of policies and forged the nation in many ways• “Speak softly but carry a big stick”• He appointed more power to the Presidency, less for Congress• Changed the government’s relationship with big business/regulation• Wanted to make society more fair and equitable for everyone• The Panama Canal• The US Navy would not be what it is without TR• Set the path for the Progressive movements of the 1930’s and 60’s• He changed the way the Presidency is, introduced charisma• He made people vote for him, and not the party• “The most popular President up to his time, Roosevelt used his enthusiasm to win votes,

to shape issues, and to mold opinions. In the process, he changed the executive office forever”

Amount of Letters

●Theodore Roosevelt Wrote over hundreds of letters, far too many to go through each one●Even still TR does not have a presidential library, but his personal and presidential papers

are scattered in libraries and other places●Many of the letters have not been preserved or recorded, there are only a few letters

written back to him by political figures ●Hunting Trips●To let his children know he was constantly thinking about them●Treasures he found exploring/his travels●Deaths of friends/family●His presidential endeavors

Letters to his Children

●TR constantly wrote letters to his children because he could not always see him with his traveling/work●He made sure they knew how much he cared about each of them●He also made sure to keep them up to date with his work/traveling/hunting

●Spoke to them about missing them, and being homesick●Seems like he was a wonderful father, and loved/missed his children constantly ●Also Gave them Life advice throughout the letters, spoke about what was happening in their

lives and guided them

Letter to President Garfield’s Grandson

●He wrote a letter to President Garfield’s grandson, James (who he called Jimmikins)●Talked about Christmas in the Whitehouse and what his family did/presents received for the

children●Spoke about his Grandfather●Basically kept him up to date with the entire day and how they spent Christmas

Books

●Wrote Tons of Books●The Naval War of 1812●Theodore Roosevelt an Autobiography●The Great Adventure●The Man In The Arena●Good Hunting●Hunting The Grisly and Other Sketches●Wrote many more books, and also there is a book The Letters of Theodore Roosevelt by H.W.

Brands

Knowledge of History

●TR was a very smart individual●Wrote many history books/studied history constantly

● Topics ranging from Dante to ancient Irish Sagas to military warfare●Constantly putting out books/commentaries on different topics

Hunting Novels

●TR wrote constantly during his expeditions●He tracked his daily moves by writing them down●Constantly talked about what he was doing both in letters to his children, and in the novels he

created while on his hunting trips●Has writings about his time in the Brazilian Amazon

His Opinion

●TR was known to be very aggressive●He wrote many letters to President

Wilson talking about how he was not aggressive enough/needed to get the Military ready for war

●He wrote a letter to Wilson asking for permission to lead another Rough Riders type of army in the war●Wilson Declined

Letters to TR

●There are many letters in the Theodore Roosevelt center (online website) that were written to TR in regards to politics from different political figures●Most were requests by TR for something political, like fund raising to Employment and

then there are some that are personal like congratulatory and history thoughts ● A lot of the letters were others congratulating TR on his succession to the Presidency

The Letters

●Most of TR’s letters that have been documented were to his children

●The letters were pretty much to keep up with each others lives and keep everyone updated about what was going on

● I believe there are a lot of letters that just weren't preserved or recorded

●We see he was a brilliant writer from all of the books he authored and how his writings are extremely diverse

Just an Interesting Fact

● I found this fact while doing research and I thought it was cool and unique● TR was actually blind

in his left eye due to an injury in a boxing match (he boxed when he was a young boy)

Presidency 1901-1904

●TR acceded to the Presidency in 1901, so he had plenty of time to prepare for his role in the 1904 election

1904 Campaign

●Realized he needed the support of conservative Republicans in Congress●For holding back on certain progressive items, he got the support and could do as he pleased

with foreign policy● In 1903 he toned down his anti-corporate sentiments

●Needed support of big money●Maneuvered Mark Hanna, as the Chairman of the Republican National Committee to endorse

his candidacy

1904

●Was nominated unanimously on first ballot●His competitors were Democrats, Judge Alton B. Parker and Henry G.

Davis●Parker winning the Democratic nomination

●Democrats attacked the Roosevelt party as “spasmodic, erratic, sensational, arbitrary”●Called themselves the sane and safe choice

●TR’s party defended themselves with their foreign policy success●As was the custom Roosevelt or Parker did not actively campaign

●Roosevelt Sat on his front porch and campaigned there with statements

●He received 2$ million from wealthy friends who supported him

Election of 1904

●Election was all TR● TR won with 336 electoral votes to Parker’s 140.●He won every state outside of the South, including Missouri●Rode a Huge wave of public support, due to his success the previous 3 years

●After winning, TR vowed to not run again in 1908 because he believed presidents should only serve two years in a row ● Though he was upset, he stuck to that promise and supported Taft in 1908

Campaign of 1912

●During 1908-1910, TR traveled Africa and Europe with his Son (Kermit) and Daughter (Edith). ●When he came back to NY in 1910 Masses of people came to greet him●A lot of his progressive views/plans were getting halted by Taft, this caused Progressive

Republicans to push TR to run in 1912

1912

●Eventually he decided, “to throw his hat into the ring”●The Republicans arrived being split between Taft and Roosevelt.

●However Taft controlled the convention floor, while Roosevelt had party delegates (Taft backers managed to exclude most TR delegates by not recognizing their credentials)

● This enraged TR and decided to pull out – giving Taft the victory●The democrats had Woodrow Wilson.

●New Freedom party, a progressive view●Two weeks later, TR decided to enter the nomination under the

Progressive Party. ● The Party Platform was “New Nationalism”●Bull-Moose Party

Final Campaign Speech

●TR showed the American people everything they loved about it, by finishing a speech with a bullet lodged in his chest●He was shot right before the speech, and decided to still give it●Claimed he was strong as a bull-moose!

Election of 1912

●Wilson captured 41.9% of the vote/TR 27.4%/Taft 23.1%/Socialist Party Eugene Dens won 6%●Wilson took 435 electoral votes, TR 88 and Taft only 8●TR only won 6 states – California, Michigan, Minnesota, Pennsylvania, South Dakota and

Washington●Even though he loss, He helped bolster the Progressive Party views into the oncoming

presidencies●Wilson enacted much of TR’s New Nationalism program during his presidency

Inaugural Address 1905

●This was given after his landslide victory of the Presidency in 1904●The bible used in the Inaugural Address was the same one used to swear him in as Governor

of New York in 1898● It was administered by Chief Justice Melville W. Fuller●938 Words

The Speech

●Starts off speaking about the strength of our country, and what we’ve overcome●There is still much to be done, but we will do it ●Our relationship with other countries is important, but more important is the relationship among

ourselves●Great power means both responsibility and danger, warns about future issues that we have not

seen, but not fear the future, face it prepared for anything●He refers back to the founding fathers, though we may be going through different times, they too had

issues and they got past them just like we will today●We must show our character in everyday life, not just crisis

Compared to Epitaphios Logos

●Though it is not a eulogy, it does draw some comparisons to the Greek tradition●He makes references to those who died before him, and that we have to stand for their beliefs

and ideas even if they may be different in our day and age●The ideas of founding fathers and our ancestors comes up●Finally the epilogue, though it is not for the families of the war dead, it is for the families of

those who have passed and those in the present who need to preserve our country in order for others to have the prosperity they have

Teddy and John Paul Jones

●Roosevelt funded an archeological search for the body of John Paul Jones ●TR saw himself as the fulfillment of Jones’ Revolutionary War

● The call for the Great White Fleet●Used the mummified body of Jones to woo public and legislators for his giant naval fleet

● It’s possible John Paul Jones was a role model to TR● TR most likely studied Jones while at Harvard● They both were extremely similar

Eulogy of John Paul Jones

●Given by TR at Annapolis Commemoration on April 24, 1906●Speaks about Jones being a hero and having deathless fame●Speaks about his role in the Navy, and how his accomplishments should be known by everyone

● “Every officer in our Navy should know the deeds of JPJ by heart”●Speaks of specific events that Jones went through in battle●Talks about his life, and how his views and ideas will live on throughout his death

Comparisons

●This eulogy seems to reflect the Epitaphios Logos● It has everything ●The reference to JPJ being a hero, and his achievements which cannot be measured●His origin and his role played in the future●His self-sacrifice and his devotion to the Navy and what he means back to the Navy●Finally the realization that he will live on forever, and so will his ideas and beliefs

New Nationalism Address

●On August 31, 1910, TR delivered what some called “one of the most powerful speeches given on American soil”●Given in Osawatomie, Kansas● 30,000 listeners there

●There was a crisis in the Republican Party● Those who favored President Taft● Those who favored progressivism

●TR wanted to keep Republicans from splitting and the power shifting to the Democrats

The Speech

●Demanded New Nationalism●The concepts of the extent to which a powerful federal government could regulate and use

private property in interests of the whole, references to labor● It was “the most radical speech given by an ex-president”

●Putting the National need before personal advantage●Demands judiciary to be interested in human welfare instead of property●Demands representative body shall represent everyone instead of just one class●Basically a call for complete fairness

Comparisons to Epitaphios Logos

●Though it is not a eulogy and there are not many comparisons to make to this speech there is the idea of a warning of what is to come● The warning of representing just one class more than everyone

●This reminds me much of Lincoln’s Gettysburg Address in the way how they both said so much without actually saying very much

●There was also hidden meaning in the speech, with foreshadowing to his potential running in 1912

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