final work_parts of speech

8/3/2019 Final Work_parts of Speech

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List of words which have more than two syllables, selected from the article.

The functions of the words are also included.

No Words with more than two syllables Parts of Speech (Function)

1 Education Noun (to name a concept)

2 Difficulties Noun (to name a concept)

3 Communicate Verb (describes action)

4 Important Adjective (modifies a noun)

5 Proposal Noun (to name a concept)

6 Fundamental Adjective (modifies a noun)

7 Opinion Noun (to name a concept)

8 Instruction Noun (to name a concept)

9 Effectively Adverb (modifies a verb)

10 Argument Noun (to name a concept)

11 Completely Adverb (modifies a verb)

12 Ignorant Adjective (modifies a noun)

13 Ridiculous Adjective (modifies a noun)

14 Government Noun (to name a concept)

15 Implement Verb (describes action)

16 Adequately Adverb (modifies a verb)

17 Preparing Verb (describes action)

18 Expected Verb (describes action)

19 Impossible Adjective (modifies a noun)

20 Necessity Noun (to name a concept)

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Notes on the Eight Parts of Speech

English grammar uses words based on eight parts of speech: the verb, the noun,

the pronoun, the adjective, the adverb, the preposition, the conjunction , andthe interjection. Each part of speech explains not what the word is, but how the

word is used. The same word can be a noun in one sentence and a verb or adjective

in the next.

The verb is perhaps the most important part of the sentence. A verb or compound

verb states something about the subject of the sentence. The verb depicts actions,

events, or states of being.

A noun is a word used to name a person, animal, place, thing, or abstract concepts.

A noun can function in a sentence as a subject, a direct object, an indirect object, a

subject complement, an object complement, an appositive, an adjective or an

adverb.

Pronouns as a part of speech can replace a noun, another pronoun, noun phrases

and perform most of the functions of a noun.

An adjective modifies a noun or a pronoun by describing, identifying, or quantifying

words. Many consider articles: "the, a, an" to be adjectives.

An adverb can modify a verb, an adjective, another adverb, a phrase, or a complete

clause by indicating manner, time, place, cause, or degree.

A preposition links nouns, pronouns and phrases to other words in a sentence.

Conjunctions link words, phrases, and clauses.

An interjection is a part of speech used to show or express emotion or illustrate an

exclamation.

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Parts of Speech Table

This is a summary of the 8 parts of speech.

Part ofspeech Function or "job"

Example ofwords Example of sentences

Verb action or state(to) be, have, do,like, work, sing,can, must

EnglishClub.com is a website. I like EnglishClub.com.

Noun thing or person

pen, dog, work,music, town,London, teacher,John

This is my dog. He lives inmy house. We live inLondon.

Adjective describes a noun

a/an, the, 69,some, good, big,red, well,interesting

My dog is big. I like bigdogs.

Adverbdescribes a verb,adjective or adverb

quickly, silently,well, badly, very,really

My dog eats quickly. Whenhe is very hungry, he eatsreally quickly.

Pronoun replaces a nounI, you, he, she,some

Tara is Indian. She isbeautiful.

Prepositionlinks a noun toanother word

to, at, after, on,but

We went to school onMonday.

Conjunctionjoins clauses orsentences or words

and, but, whenI like dogs and I like cats. Ilike cats and dogs. I likedogs but I don't like cats.

Interjectionshort exclamation,sometimes insertedinto a sentence

oh!, ouch!, hi!,well

Ouch! That hurts! Hi! Howare you? Well, I don't know.

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Short notes on Simple Present Tense, Simple Past Tense and Simple Future Tense

What does simple present tense mean?

Usually, simple present tense means that something was true in the past, is true in

the present, and will be true in the future. It expresses general statements of fact

and general truths.

The simple present is used to express habitualoreveryday activities.

Present indicates that an action is happening right now or that the action is either

routine or factual.

Examples:

Waterconsists of hydrogen and oxygen.

The average person breathes 21,600 times a day.

I get up at seven every morning.

I always eat a salad for lunch.

I usually eat lunch at the school cafeteria.

(This is a habit in the present.)

What time do you usually feed your pet dinosaur?

(Im asking about a habit in the present.)

Ralph and Norton sometimes go bowling on Thursday nights.

(This is a habit in the present.)

George usually doesnt buy bananas at Albertsons.(This is a habit in the present.)

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Wally nevercomes late to class.(This is a habit in the present.)

The moon travels around the earth.(This is always or usually true.)

Wilma makes good apple pies.(This is always or usually true.)

Does the sun rise in the east or in the west?(I want to know if this is always or usually true.)

Government officials often dont tell the truth.(This statement is usually true.)

How do I make simple present tense?

1. If the subject is I, you, we, or they, use the simple form of the verb.

Examples:

I go to bed at 11:00.

You go to bed at 11:00.

We go to bed at 11:00.

George and Gracie (they) go to bed at 11:00.

I usually walkto the store.

2. If the subject is he, she, or it, add -s or -es to the simple form of the verb.

Examples:

Ralph (he) goes to bed at 11:00.

Alice (she) goes to bed at 11:00.

Carmens pet elephant (it) goes to bed at 11:00.

Ahmed usually walks to the store.

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Negative Statementsdo/does + not + simple form.

Examples:

Americans usually do not eatsoup for breakfast.

I usually dont buylunch on Thursdays.

John does not playtennis.

Ralph often doesnt drive to work.

Questions 1

(Question word) + do + subject + simple form

Examples:

Does your pet gorilla bite?

Do you buyyour groceries at Tesco?

What do Salem and Jamal usually do on weekends?

Where does Alice buyher groceries?

Why do leaves turn brown in the autumn?

When does Mamat eatdinner?

Additional Things You Should Know about Simple Present Tense

1. The verb be

The verb be in English is quite strange. It almost never follows the same

rules as other verbs.

For the verb be,

simple present statements,

negative statements, and questions are all formed in unusual ways.

Although you probably learned the information below in one of your very firstEnglish lessons, here it is again for the sake of completeness.

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Simple Present Statements withBe

a. If the subject is I, use am.

Examples:

I am a teacher.

Im often absent-minded.

I am in class every Wednesday at 10:00.

b. If the subject is you, we, or they, use are

Examples:

You are my sunshine, my only sunshine (from an old song).

Were so happy that you didnt eat our cake!Fred and Johan are in the kitchen with Lucy and Ricky.

c. If the subject is a he, she, or it, use is.

Examples:

Arnold Schwarzenegger (he) is the governor of California.

Paris Hiltons rich. She isnt an English teacher.

My car (it) is in the parking lot at beautiful Chabot College.

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2. Simple Present Negative Statements with Be

Add notafterbe.

Examples:

I am not a millionaire or a rock star.

Im not rich or famous.

Im probably not in Paris Hiltons address book.

You are not my boss, so stop telling me what to do.

Bats arent birds.

Were not in Johor any more.

George W. Bush is not my uncle.

A wet cat isnt very happy.

Its not cold; you dont need to wear a coat.

3. Simple present questions with Be

Put be in front of the subject

Examples:

Am I taller than your cousin in Perlisa?

Are Salleh and Jamilah married?

Where are my car keys?

Why is the sky blue?

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4. Simple present when discussing literature

In academic situations, especially when writing papers, its traditional

to use simple present as the main tense to tell the story of a work of fiction like

a novel, a play, or a short story, even if the work itself is written in the past

tense.

Example:

Romeo and Juliet tells the tragic story of two young lovers.

Two families in the town of Verona, the Capulets and the Montagues,hate one another. Romeo is the son of the Montague family and

Juliet is the daughter of the Capulets. Romeo and Juliet meet at a

party, fall in love, and secretly make plans to get married.

Soon after the young couple marry, Juliets cousin, Tybalt,

kills Romeos closest friend. Romeo, in a blind rage, kills Tybalt.

This starts a series of events that ends in the two lovers deaths.

USE 1 Repeated Actions

USE 2 Facts or Generalizations

USE 3 Scheduled Events in the Near Future

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What does Simple Past Tense mean?

The simple past tense usually means that this action ended in the past.

Simple past can be used for most past actions; we can use it for

actions that happened quickly,

actions that happened over time, or

actions that were habits in the past.

Heres a very rough rule: If an action happened in the past, youll probably be correct

if you use simple past tense for it.

Examples:

I arrived home at five.

(This happened in the past.)

Yesterday I worked on my Maths homework for three hours.

(This happened over time in the past.)

When he was five, my son Hakim watched the videotape The Land Before Time

every day. (This was habit in the past.)

I didnt drink coffee in college, but I drank it a lot in grad school.

(These were habits in the past.)

Did you call me last night?

(I want to know if this happened in the past.)

When you were traveling in Asia, did you call your parents every week?

(I want to know if this was a habit in the past.)

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How do we make Present Progressive Tense?

Statements [verb-ed or irregular past form (if the verb is irregular)]

Examples:

Ralph called his mother to wish her happy birthday.

I taught high school for seven years before teaching at Chabot.Yesterday I cut my finger while I was opening a can of cat food.

Negative Statements (did + not + simple form )

Examples:

Najib did not attend Teacher Training College.

I didnt see Salmah at the mall.

The kids didnt eat their vegetables at dinner tonight.

Questions [(question word) + did + subject + simple form ]

Examples:

Did you wash the dishes?

Why did you pour ketchup on my head?

Did I tell you about the party that Rosa is having next Friday?

When did Shakespeare write A Midsummer Nights Dream?

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How to use Simple Past Tense (in the form of diagram)

USE 1 Completed Action in the Past

USE 2 A Series of Completed Actions

USE 3 Duration in Past

USE 4 Habits in the Past

USE 5 Past Facts or Generalizations

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The Simple Future Tense

Simple Future Tense has two different forms in English: will and be going to.

Although the two forms can sometimes be used interchangeably, they often express

two very different meanings. These different meanings might seem too abstract at

first, but with time and practice, the differences will become clear. Both will and be

going to refer to a specific time in the future.

In the form of diagram, it looks like this:

The form of using will (will + verb)

Examples:

You will help him later. (Positive statement)

Will you help him later? (Question-form)

You will not help him later. (Negative statement)

The form of using be going to (am / is / are + going to + verb)

Examples:

You are going to meet Halimah tonight. (Positive statement)

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Are you going to meet Halimah tonight? (Question-form)

You are not going to meet Halimah tonight. (Negative statement)

A complete list of Simple Future Tense Forms

Use 1: will to express a voluntary action

Will often suggests that a speaker will do something voluntarily. A voluntary action

is one the speaker offers to do for someone else. Often, we use will to respond to

someone elses complaint or request for help. We also use will when we request

that someone help us or volunteer to do something for us. Similarly, we use will not

or wont when we refuse to voluntarily do something.

Examples:

I will send you the information when I get it.

I will translate the e-mail, so Mr. Lim can read it.

Will you help me move this heavy table?

I will not do your homework for you.

I wont do all the housework myself!

Use 2: will to express a promise

will is always used in a promise:

Examples:

I will call you when I arrive.

If I am elected Chairman of the club, I will make sure everyone has access to cheap

health insurance.

I promise I will not tell him about the surprise party.

Dont worry, Ill be very careful.

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I wont tell anyone your secret.

Use 3: be going to to express a plan.

be going to expresses that something is a plan. It expresses the idea that a person

intends to do something in the future. It does not matter whether the plan is realistic

or not.

Examples:

He is going to spend his vacation in New Zealand.

She is not going to spend her vacation in New Zealand.

Im going to be a politician when I grow up.

Who are you going to invite to the party?

Use 4: will or be going to to express a prediction.

Both will and be going to can express the idea of a general prediction about the

future. Predictions are guesses about what might happen in the future. In

prediction sentences, the subject usually has little control over the future and

therefore Uses 1 to 3 do not apply. In the following examples, there is no differencde

in meaning.

Examples:

The year 2222 will be a very interesting year.

The year 2222 is going to be a very interesting year.

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Datuk Hishamuddin will be the next Prime Minister.

Datuk Hishamuddin is going to be the next Prime Minister.

Forming sentences based on selected words

5 sentences using Simple Present Tense.

Education is important to shape our future generation.

1. The Principal said that it is very importantfor everyone to love the school.

2. Mobile phones are now a necessity, no more a luxury gadget.

3. The future governmentdepends on our actions today.

4. The zoo-keeper briefs us on how to communicate safely with the animals.

A. 5 sentences using Simple Past Tense

1. The mountain climbers faced a lot ofdifficulties on their way up the Everest.

2. We expectedto meet Tun Mahathir in person, but he was unable to come.

3. The organizer of the competition checked all the equipments to make sure

they are prepared adequately.

4. Yesterday, Ahmat thought that it was impossible to complete the job.

5. Two members of the expedition team were lost in the jungle because they did

not listen to the instruction.

B. 5 sentences using Simple Future Tense.

1. The government is going to implementa new policy very soon.

2. All the villagers are busypreparingfor the big wedding tomorrow.

3. The Selangor Executive Committee will make an in-depth study of the

developmentproposal.

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4. In my humble opinion, many guests will attend the wedding tomorrow.

5. Dont be ridiculous! You are not going for the trip tomorrow as your

examination is just around the corner.

My Personal Reflection.

First of all, I would like to say something about the requirement of the

assignment. I am required to read an article related to one of these topics; Issues in

Education, Science and Technology and Environment. As a teacher, I have chosen

an article related to issues in education (see appendix).

Later, I am also required to select twenty words which have more than two

syllables as well as to state their functions based on the Parts of Speech, to make

short notes on the eight Parts of Speech, namely the nouns, pronouns, adjectives,

verbs, adverbs, conjunctions, prepositions and interjections. Another requirement

was to identify simple English tenses; present, past and future.

This is really a challenging assignment for me since I have not been involved

in any work or task related to English. I have to consult friends who have better

English command than me. Positively, this is a big advantage for me because I really

could understand better than when I was in my secondary level. However, I also

found it confusing when it comes to the grammatical English rules because they are

totally different from the rules of my mother tongue.

So, in completing the task, I have gone through a series of steps. I worked

hard to recall all my previous secondary English lessons, flipped through my

childrens grammar books, surfed the Internet and tried my very best to understand

the details. The problem was that I had to take a longer time to make sense of what

I was reading. I had to refer to the dictionary, asked around and made a few drafts

before I could complete the task. Somehow, I managed to motivate myself to put the

idea that learning English grammar (especially the Parts of Speech and tenses) is

important in producing good English sentences.

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Finally, I know that I have taken all the necessary steps to complete the task

and they were worth it. Maybe my completed work is not up to the standard, but I

promised myself to do better in my future tasks.

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