finals lecture amalgam
TRANSCRIPT
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DENTAL AMALGAM
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Terminology
Silver paste an alloy, one of the constituent of
which is mercury an alloy made by mixing Hg with
Ag-Sn dental amalgam alloy
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ComponentsComponents
1.1. Silver ( Ag) Silver ( Ag) - - increase expansion- retards setting time- enhances strength- decrease flow- resist tarnish/corrosion
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2.2. Copper (Cu)- Copper (Cu)- unites with Hg with difficulty
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2.2. Copper- Copper- unites with Hg with difficulty
- reduces setting time
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2.2. Copper- Copper- unites with Hg with difficulty
- reduces setting time- increases expansion
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2.2. Copper- Copper- unites with Hg with difficulty
- reduces setting time- increases expansion- increases strength and hardness
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2.2. Copper- Copper- unites with Hg with difficulty
- reduces setting time- increases expansion- increases strength and hardness
- reduces flow
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2. Copper- unites with Hg with difficulty
- reduces setting time- increases expansion- increases strength and hardness
- reduces flow-tarnishes readily
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3. Tin (Sn)3. Tin (Sn)
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3. Tin3. Tin - unites readily with Hg
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3. Tin3. Tin - unites readily with Hg-retards setting time
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3. Tin3. Tin - unites readily with Hg-retards setting time-improves plasticity
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3. Tin3. Tin - unites readily with Hg-retards setting time-improves plasticity -reduces expansion
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3. Tin3. Tin - unites readily with Hg-retards setting time-improves plasticity -reduces expansion-increases flow
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4. Zinc4. Zinc
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4. Zinc4. Zinc (Zn)- combines readily with Hg
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4. Zinc4. Zinc- combines readily with Hg-causes expansion
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4. Zinc4. Zinc- combines readily with Hg-causes expansion-increases setting time
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4. Zinc4. Zinc- combines readily with Hg-causes expansion-increases setting time-increases flow
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4. Zinc4. Zinc- combines readily with Hg-causes expansion-increases setting time-increases flow-inhibits oxidation
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4. Zinc4. Zinc- combines readily with Hg-causes expansion-increases setting time-increases flow-inhibits oxidation-decreases porosity
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ClassificationClassification
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ClassificationClassification
1. Amalgam alloy particle geometry and size
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ClassificationClassification
1. Amalgam alloy particle geometry and size
e.g. Lathe-cut – regular, fine microfine cut,
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ClassificationClassification
1. Amalgam alloy particle geometry and size
e.g. Lathe-cut – regular, fine microfine cut, Spherical
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ClassificationClassification
1. Amalgam alloy particle geometry and size
e.g. Lathe-cut – regular, fine microfine cut, Spherical
2. Copper Content
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ClassificationClassification
1. Amalgam alloy particle geometry and size
e.g. Lathe-cut – regular, fine microfine cut, Spherical
2. Copper Contente.g. Low Copper (conventional
amalgam),
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ClassificationClassification
1. Amalgam alloy particle geometry and size
e.g. Lathe-cut – regular, fine microfine cut, Spherical
2. Copper Contente.g. Low Copper (conventional
amalgam), High Copper
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ClassificationClassification
1. Amalgam alloy particle geometry and size
e.g. Lathe-cut – regular, fine microfine cut, Spherical
2. Copper Contente.g. Low Copper (conventional
amalgam), High Copper3. Zinc Content
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Classification
1. Amalgam alloy particle geometry and size
e.g. Lathe-cut – regular, fine microfine cut, Spherical
2. Copper Contente.g. Low Copper (conventional
amalgam), High Copper3. Zinc Contente.g. Zinc,
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Classification
1. Amalgam alloy particle geometry and size
e.g. Lathe-cut – regular, fine microfine cut, Spherical
2. Copper Contente.g. Low Copper (conventional
amalgam), High Copper3. Zinc Contente.g. Zinc, Zinc-free
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AAlloy- Mercury Ratiolloy- Mercury Ratio
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AAlloy- Mercury Ratiolloy- Mercury Ratio
irregular particle pack poorly and require a large amount of Hg (50%-60%)
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AAlloy- Mercury Ratiolloy- Mercury Ratio
irregular particle pack poorly and require a large amount of Hg (50%-60%)
precapsulated amalgam (spherical)has 42%- 45% mercury
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Mercury rich mixtures – uses squeeze cloth to remove excess mercury
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Mercury rich mixtures Mercury rich mixtures – uses squeeze cloth to remove excess mercury
1960 -Eames technique or no squeeze cloth technique
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TriturationTrituration
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TriturationTrituration
process of manual mixing of alloy with Hg
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TriturationTrituration
process of manual mixing of alloy with Hg
done by proportioning mercury and Hg into a mortar and grinding the mixture with a pestle
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TriturationTrituration
process of manual mixing of alloy with Hg
done by proportioning mercury and Hg into a mortar and grinding the mixture with a pestle
mixing of alloy with mercury
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Types of TriturationTypes of Trituration
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Types of TriturationTypes of Trituration
1. Hand
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Types of TriturationTypes of Trituration
1. Hand2. Mechanical
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Types of TriturationTypes of Trituration
1. Hand2. Mechanical –use of Amalgamator
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Types of TriturationTypes of Trituration
1. Hand2. Mechanical –use of Amalgamator reusable capsule
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Types of TriturationTypes of Trituration
1. Hand2. Mechanical –use of Amalgamator reusable capsule – a hallow tube
with rounded ends constructed as two pieces that could be friction fit or screwed together
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precapsulated (preproportioned)-
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precapsulated (preproportioned)- the components are separated in the capsule by a special diaphragm that is broken when the capsule is placed in an amalgamator.
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Reaction
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Reaction
Mercury+Silver-Tin
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Reaction
Mercury+Silver-Tin Silver-Tin phase+ Silver-mercury phase + Tin-mercury phase
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Reaction
Mercury+Silver-Tin Silver-Tin phase+ Silver-mercury phase + Tin-mercury phase
Silver-tin phase is called the gamma phase, composed of unreacted alloy particle
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Silver-mercury phase is called the gamma one
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Silver-mercury phase is called the gamma one
Tin-mercury phase is called the gamma two
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Silver-mercury phase is called the gamma one
Tin-mercury phase is called the gamma two
amalgam can be thought of as particles of gamma surrounded by or bonded together by a matrix of gamma1 and gamma2
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Hardening of amalgam
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Hardening of amalgam
2 Phenomena
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Hardening of amalgam
2 Phenomena1. Solution
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Hardening of amalgam
2 Phenomena1. Solution2. Crystallization
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Hardening of amalgam
2 Phenomena1. Solution2. Crystallization
when Hg comes in contact with amalgam alloy, the particles (gamma) are wet by mercury and begins to absorb it.
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the solution of mercury into silver-tin particles leads to the formation of the surface of Ag-Hg and Sn-Hg phases
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the solution of mercury into silver-tin particles leads to the formation of the surface of Ag-Hg and Sn-Hg phases
the crystallization of the gamma1 and gamma2 phases and their subsequent growth leads to hardening of amalgam
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Mercury Management
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Mercury Management
Sources of Mercury Hazards
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Mercury Management
Sources of Mercury Hazards1. Mercury vapors released from
stored materials
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Mercury Management
Sources of Mercury Hazards1. Mercury vapors released from
stored materials2. Amalgamator aerosols
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Mercury Management
Sources of Mercury Hazards1. Mercury vapors released from
stored materials2. Amalgamator aerosols3. Spillage during restoration
procedure
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Mercury Management
Sources of Mercury Hazards1. Mercury vapors released from
stored materials2. Amalgamator aerosols3. Spillage during restoration
procedure4. Amalgam removal and
replacement
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5. Amalgam waste on cotton rolls
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5. Amalgam waste on cotton rolls6. Amalgam and mercury in
plumbing and sewer system
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5. Amalgam waste on cotton rolls6. Amalgam and mercury in
plumbing and sewer system7. Amalgam scrap container
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5. Amalgam waste on cotton rolls6. Amalgam and mercury in
plumbing ans sewer system7. Amalgam scrap container8. Mercury trapped in tiles and
carpeting
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THAT'S ALL FOLKS