Finals Review

Breakdown of the exam:

140 total questions

60 from midtermCh.1 6Ch.2 15Ch.3 15Ch.4 6Ch.10 8Ch.5 10

80 from 2nd semesterCh.6 10Ch. 7 25Ch. 8 20Ch. 9 25

Pre-Midterm

Ch.1 ConceptsBranches of oceanography (chemical,

physical, geologic, etc.)Historical figuresTechnology

ROVAOVSONARSCUBA

6

Ch.2 Concepts

4 ocean basins & characteristics Layers of the earth [inner core, outer core,

mantle, asthenosphere, lithosphere, crust] Continental margin [active vs. passive]

[parts of the margin] Seafloor spreading/Mid ocean

ridge/divergent Subduction / trench/ convergent Wegener & Continental Drift

15

Ch.3 Concepts

Water properties – polarity, heat capacity, universal solvent

Water relationships – temp., density, salinity, buoyancy

Salinity – salt content in open ocean water, PSU

Gases dissolved in seawater

Changes in pressure with depth – 14.7psi/10 meters, gases contract

Wind & the movement of water Coriolis effect

California current

Tides – causes, interpretation of a tide table Gravitational force

Centrifugal force

Neap tide vs. spring tide

Phases of the moon and tides

Anatomy of a wave – crest, trough, wave length, height

Life cycle of a wave – sea, swell, surf

Factors that affect wave size – wind intensity, duration, fetch size

15

Ch.4 Concepts Autotroph vs.

heterotroph Differences between

prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells

Levels of organization – cell, tissue, organ, organ system, individual, population, community, ecosystem

Osmosis Types of solution –

hypotonic, isotonic, hypertonic (seawater!)

Osmoconformers Osmoregulators Four major

macromolecules of life Carbohydrates – sugars

and starches, for energy

Lipids – fats, store energy, repel water

Proteins – chains of amino acids

Nucleic acids – composition of DNA & RNA, differences between them

Classification of Life – KPCOFGS (know the order and what they stand for!!)

6

Ch.10 Concepts

Abiotic vs. biotic factors, examples

Ecological relationships Predation Competition Symbiosis

Trophic levels and food webs

Benthic (bottom) vs. pelagic (water column)

Pelagic organisms Plankton vs. nekton

Phytoplankton vs. zooplankton

8

Ch.5 Concepts Prokarya

Bacteria [cyanobacteria, decay bacteria] [stromatolites]

Archaea Extreme!

Aerobic vs. Anaerobic respiration

EukaryaUnicellular algae

DiatomDinoflagellatesCoccolithophorids

ProtozoansForaminiferanRadiolarianCiliate

10

Post-Midterm

Ch.6 Concepts

Parts of Seaweed (holdfast, stipe, blade, thallus, pneumatocyst)

Kingdom Protista

GREEN

Mostly freshwater

Pigment is Chlorophyll A

BROWN

Mostly marine

Pigment is Fucoxanthin

KELP!!

RED

Most abundant/common type

Pigment is phycobilins

Phycocolloids

Agar

Carageenan

Algin

Marine plants

Sea grass

Salt marsh

Mangrove forest

10

Ch.7 Concepts Invertebrate vs. vertebrate

Symmetry [Anterior/Posterior/Dorsal/Ventral]

Porifera (Sponges) Ostia, osculum, spicule,

choanocyte

Sessile, assymetrical

Cnidaria (anemone & jellyfish) Polyp vs. medusa

Anthozoa, hydrozoa, schyphozoa, cubozoa

Nematocyst, tissue organization, radial symmetry

Nemertea (ribbon, carnivore)

Nematoda (round, parasite)

Platyhelminthes (flat, parasite)

Annelida (segmented)

25

Ch.7 Concepts (Continued) Mollusca (examples,

anatomical features: beak, siphon, mantle, tentacles, arms, radula, Bivalvia Gastropoda Cephalopoda

Arthropoda

Crustacea

Chelipeds

Head, thorax, abdomen

Pleopods

Exoskeleton Carapace (chitin)

Echinodermata

Asteroidea: Starfish

Pentamorous radial symmetry

Evisceration

Endoskeletons

Tube feet

Ch.8 Concepts

Class Agnatha (jawless) hagfish, lamprey

Class Osteichthyes Ctenoid Operculum bony

Class Chondricthyes Placoid cartilaginous

Biology of fish Coloration

Disruptive

Warning

Cryptic

Locomotion Feeding Circulation Reproduction

Catadromous Anadromous

20

Ch. 9 Reptiles, Birds Concepts

Class Aves: Birds (hollow bones, cloaca) Penguins (southern hemisphere only + denser

bones, flippers) Pelicans (DDT) Albatross (wingspan)

Class Reptila: Sea Turtles (carapace, gender of babies, oviparous) Endangered

25

Ch.9 Mammals Concepts Characteristics of

marine mammals (hair, blubber, viviparous, placenta, mammary glands, warm-blooded)

4 orders Pinnipedia

Carnivora

Sirenia

Cetacea Baleen

Toothed

Biology of marine mammals Echolocation Communication Behaviors

BreachingBeaching

ReproductionHarems