finance
DESCRIPTION
basic thingsTRANSCRIPT
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PREPARED BY:PIYUESH PANDEY (B52)
AMAN SINGHAL(B35)JYOTI PRAKASH ROUT (B27)
ZAIN UL ABDEEN (B61)SAMIR CHAWLA (B31)
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PORTFOLIO PERFORMANCE
EVALUATION - TREYNOR & JENSEN’S MEASURE
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MEASURES OF RETURN2
MEASURES OF RETURN complicated by addition or withdrawal of money by
the investor percentage change is not reliable when the base
amount may be changing timing of additions or withdrawals is important to
measurement
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MAKING RELEVANT COMPARISONS3
PERFORMANCE should be evaluated on the basis of a relative and not
an absolute basis this is done by use of a benchmark portfolio
BENCHMARK PORTFOLIO should be relevant and feasible reflects objectives of the fund reflects return as well as risk
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ARITHMETIC V. GEOMETRIC AVERAGES
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GEOMETRIC MEAN FRAMEWORK
GM = ( HPR)1/N – 1
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ARITHMETIC V. GEOMETRIC AVERAGES
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GEOMETRIC MEAN FRAMEWORK measures past performance well represents exactly the constant rate of return needed
to earn in each year to match some historical performance
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ARITHMETIC V. GEOMETRIC AVERAGES
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ARITHMETIC MEAN FRAMEWORK provides a good indication of the expected rate of
return for an investment during a future individual year
it is biased upward if you attempt to measure an asset’s long-run performance
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RISK-ADJUSTED MEASURES OF PERFORMANCE
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THE REWARD TO VOLATILITY RATIO (TREYNOR MEASURE) There are two components of risk
risk associated with market fluctuations risk associated with the stock
Characteristic Line (ex post security line) defines the relationship between historical portfolio
returns and the market portfolio
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TREYNOR MEASURE8
TREYNOR MEASURE Formula
where arp = the average portfolio returnarf = the average risk free ratep= the slope of the characteristic
line during the time period
p
fpp
ararRVOL
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TREYNOR MEASURE9
THE CHARACTERISTIC LINE
arp
p
SML
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TREYNOR MEASURE10
CHARACTERISTIC LINE slope of CL
measures the relative volatility of portfolio returns in relation to returns for the aggregate market, i.e. the portfolio’s beta
the higher the slope, the more sensitive is the portfolio to the market
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TREYNOR MEASURE11
THE CHARACTERISTIC LINE
arp
p
SML
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THE SHARPE RATIO12
THE REWARD TO VARIABILITY (SHARPE RATIO) measure of risk-adjusted performance that uses a
benchmark based on the ex-post security market line
total risk is measured by p
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THE SHARPE RATIO13
SHARPE RATIO formula:
where SR = the Sharpe ratio
p = the total risk
p
fpp
ararSR
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THE SHARPE RATIO14
SHARPE RATIO indicates the risk premium per unit of total risk uses the Capital Market Line in its analysis
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THE SHARPE RATIO15
arp
p
CML
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THE JENSEN MEASURE OF PORTFOLIO PERFORMANCE
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BASED ON THE CAPM EQUATION
measures the average return on the portfolio over and above that predicted by the CAPM
given the portfolio’s beta and the average market return
])([)( RFRrERFRrE mi
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THE JENSEN MEASURE OF PORTFOLIO PERFORMANCE
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THE JENSEN MEASURE known as the portfolio’s alpha value
recall the linear regression equation
y = + x + e alpha is the intercept
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THE JENSEN MEASURE OF PORTFOLIO PERFORMANCE
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DERIVATION OF ALPHA Let the expectations formula in terms of realized rates
of return be written
subtracting RFR from both sides jttmtjtjt uRFRRRFRR
jttmtjtjt uRFRRRFRR
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THE JENSEN MEASURE OF PORTFOLIO PERFORMANCE
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DERIVATION OF ALPHA in this form an intercept value for the regression is
not expected if all assets are in equilibrium in words, the risk premium earned on the jth portfolio
is equal to j times a market risk premium plus a random error term
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THE JENSEN MEASURE OF PORTFOLIO PERFORMANCE
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DERIVATION OF ALPHA to measure superior portfolio performance, you must
allow for an intercept a superior manager has a significant and positive
alpha because of constant positive random errors
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COMPARING MEASURES OF PERFORMANCE
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TREYNOR V. SHARPE SR measures uses as a measure of risk while
Treynor uses SR evaluates the manager on the basis of both rate of
return performance as well as diversification
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COMPARING MEASURES OF PERFORMANCE
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for a completely diversified portfolio SR and Treynor give identical rankings because total risk
is really systematic variance any difference in ranking comes directly from a
difference in diversification
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CRITICISM OF RISK-ADJUSTED PERFORMANCE MEASURES23
Use of a market surrogate Roll: criticized any measure that attempted to model the
market portfolio with a surrogate such as the S&P500 it is almost impossible to form a portfolio whose
returns replicate those over time making slight changes in the surrogate may completely
change performance rankings
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CRITICISM OF RISK-ADJUSTED PERFORMANCE MEASURES
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measuring the risk free rate using T-bills gives too low of a return making it easier for
a portfolio to show superior performance borrowing a T-bill rate is unrealistically low and produces
too high a rate of return making it more difficult to show superior performance
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Thank you