TABLE OF CONTENTChapter No. Subject Page No.

1.0 Executive Summary 62.0 Introduction a. Objectives 73.0 Industry Profilea. Review of literature on the industry 8-11b. Major Companies 11c. Growth chart past and projections for future 12-17d. SWOT 18-194.0 Company Profilea. Review of literature on the company 20-24b. Historical analysis 25-27c. Growth Chart past and projections for future 28-29d. SWOT 30-315.0 Issues and challenges facing the organization 316.0 Reflections on what has been learned during the 32-75 placement experience7.0 Recommendations 76-778.0 Bibliography 789.0 Annexure 79-81a. Tablesb. Graphs10.0 Case Study 82-8711.0 Synopsis of the project 88-89

Executive Summary

The project is about to understand how company manages to integrate the functions of various departments. It explains specifically how finance department works in the company and what major role it plays in the functioning of the company.Further it describes how company manages to reduce its cost of borrowings by availing different products available with banks. It also describes in detail how company implements and introduces various checks and controls for controlling its major operating costs.This project also helps me understand the accounting procedures adopted by the company. This will help in gaining knowledge about the surviving strategy that a company may use in todays cut throat competition and cost cuttings across the board.This project enhances my skill of analyzing the financial position of the company, by making comparative analysis of the various expenses incurred and income earned by the company in the two consecutive financial years.This helps me in understanding the working capital requirements of the company with the help of ratio analysis. It explains how company manages its working capital cycle, what its aspects are and what the approaches to the working capital handling are.Also it describes the various factors that affect the working capital decisions to be taken in the company and the various sources of financing working capital requirements. Also it includes the ratio analysis of the company with the help of the comparative analysis of the two consecutive years.This project further helps me in understanding the inventory management, cash management, and debtors/ receivable management of the company and how effectively they work on it.In total, the project was a great learning experience about how a real estate concern deals with all its finances and systems.

Objective of the Project

The objective of the project is to understand and learn the work process of finance and accounts department in unitech corporate parks plc and to enhance my knowledge with a detailed study and, To understand the major functions of finance & accounts department. To know the flow of work process through which these functions are carried out efficiently. To understand the basics of finance & internal controls for a real estate concern. To understand the basics as to how a company can reduce its cost of borrowings by availing different products available for banks To understand the accounting procedures & implementing various checks & controls for operating costs. To study the fundamental analysis. To study real estate industry and its impact on Indian economy. Apart from this we intend to create a virtual portfolio for long term and short term Investors.

Although the functions of the finance and accounts department have been explained with respect to unitech in general, the project primarily covers in depth the various cost cutting efforts of the company. The focus has been on working capital management, inventory management, and receivable management.

INDUSTRY PROFILE

REVIEW OF LITERATURE OF THE INDUSTRY

REAL ESTATE INDUSTRY IN INDIA:

The Real Estate industry in the recent past has been synonym to success. The Real Estate industry has been growing in the tough times and supported the Indian economy to an extent that it today alone stands at the second position in Indian Economy. With large revenue of twelve million dollars the Real Estate industry today is estimated to further expand at the rate of thirty percent per annum. With such huge growth facts and figures, the Real Estate Industry has now become a hub for all the aspiring professionals and attracts a large investment either long term or short term. The Real state sector offers various services to the clients and to other industries that revolve around the property. It seems to be have not possible if with the out the Real Estate sector that we could enjoy the lavish apartments and excellent buildings for the various income groups that we notice walking down the street today. It is further the bless of the Real Estate Industry that we enjoy such marvelous Infrastructure, as the Infrastructure and the Real Estate Industry goes hand in hand making the present India a viable destination for growth and prospects of growth. The Real Estate Industry being the second largest industry in the Indian economy salutes and grants an equal share of importance to the related industries who have contributed in the making the Real Estate industry a promising industry for the Indian Economy to Rely on. Hence all the aligned industries like Interior Designing, Architecture, Builders, Manufacturers and other related fields are granted an equal importance and respect while one can talk about the Real Estate sector alone.The Real Estate industry has contributed to the growth of the Indian economy without any doubt but on the same hand they have also contributed to the growth of an individual by supporting them with the excellent jobs in the sector and prompting the knowledge and expertise of the existing key players in the market. Hence the Real Estate industry has played a dual role in the growth factor as well apart from maintaining a large growth and development rate of India. It is the real Estate Industry that has shaped previous India to a new aged modern India providing excellent facility with the high technology mechanism with the vision of growth of the sector with the growth of India. Today we find various sectors associating with the Real Estate that are partly or completely responsible to work hand in hand with the Real Estate industry. To conclude one can say that the Real Estate industry is blessed in the modern age to not only the human kind but also to the nation. With tremendous growth and development it has signified itself to be a potential sector that can grow and provide support to one and all with the services and development in various methods and factors. The Real Estate industry aiming to gain the top position would develop in the future economy time with aim to provide home by 2020, which is also now an aim for largest year long festival of Real Estate, The Real India Fest. Real estate is a business, not a profession. Real estate is sometimes inaccurately spoken of as a profession, but it is essentially a business. A profession applies science, art or learning to the use of others, the profit to the professor or person applying it being incidental; whereas a business is engaged in primarily for profit, and the profit is to the one engaging in the business. The Indian economy is steadily moving forward on its path to prosperity with economic development being the focal point of the progress. In the post liberalization era, India has attracted huge quantum of foreign direct investment on account of its excellent economic performance and recently real estate sector has also been deregulated and liberalized. Today India is seen as a prime destination for investment by overseas investors across the board. India's favorable demographic and economic scenario makes it an attractive destination for the real estate investors.The current urbanization level at around 30% and provision of urban amenities, highlights the strong future potential for growth of real estate and construction. The Indian real estate industry is currently estimated to be US$16 billion, with a CAGR of 30 per cent. Real estate and construction is emerging as a prominent sector for FDI investment in India. The total FDI inflow in real estate sector for FY2008 was US$1,866 million led by aggressive FDI investments in retail projects, hospitality and SEZs including roads and highways.

COMMERCIAL REAL ESTATE OVERVIEW:

Commercial real estate is property used solely for business purposes. Office buildings, malls, industrial parks, hotels, convenience stores, apartment complexes and gas stations are all examples of commercial real estate.Overview of Indian commercial Real Estate Sector

Top real estate developers are interested in to invest in Indian commercial real estate, targeting the requirements of the high growth Indian IT and IT Enabled Services (IT/ITES) sectors. The Company is focused on investment in Special Economic Zones (SEZs) dedicated to the IT/ITES industries or IT Parks which are suitable for foreign direct investment.These SEZs cater primarily to outsourced IT/ITES needs of large global companies. Given thechallenging economic environment most of these companies face, the outsourcing of IT/ITES has slowed down considerably. Indian software services companies as well as the IT divisions of global companies, who are real estate developers prime tenants, have significantly scaled back expansion/outsourcing plans.This has adversely impacted demand for commercial real estate that real estate companies is building. Whilst the rate of decline in GDP in the developed economies is showing signs of levelling off, target clients of the Company have yet to translate this into recommencement of their outsourcing plans. A protectionist environment in most developed nations of the world, that has taken hold over the last year or so given the levels of unemployment.

The primary growth driver of commercial real estate is the IT/ITES sector, which, is growing at 25 - 30per cent annually. Indias IT/ITES industry is expected to grow to US$148 billion by 2012 which translates into in excess of 250 million sq. ft of commercial office space requirement by 2012 - 13. As per 2006 McKinsey-NASSCOM report, 18-20% of all IT demand is directed towards the NCR (National Capital Region). Nearly 75% of office space in the NCR is occupied by IT/ITES firms. Recent Activity in the Office MarketOver the past several years, developers completed new buildings at an aggressive pace. 75 million square feet of office space scheduled for completion in 2008, an increase from 53 million square feet built in 2007. However, as economic growth slowed throughout late 2007 and into early 2008, demand for office space remained insufficient in most markets to absorb this new development. For example, the national office vacancy rate increased from 12.5% to 12.6%. Nevertheless, rents and occupancy rates continued to increase over the same time period in the highly competitive markets of New York City, Boston, Houston, and Denver. So although office landlords haven't dropped rent prices, they will have to find ways to retain customers and attract new ones in an increasingly competitive market. Many firms have started offering more concessions to clients, such as interior construction work and months of free rent. Effective rents, which take into account concessions such as a free month's rent upon signing a lease, were flat or falling in 16 markets in the fourth quarter of 2007, compared with seven markets in the third quarter.Rent revenues and cash flow from commercial properties is therefore steady, but commercial assets are falling in value. This is primarily because institutions have raised standards and slowed their lending pace, and it is becoming more and more costly to finance the acquisition of commercial properties. Many owners borrowed aggressively from 2005 to 2007, before the residential housing slump, and these borrowers will need to refinance their loans soon. Some won't be able to borrow as much or get the same terms, which puts them at risk of default. Others, however, have seven- or even ten-year terms on their loans, and this time-frame offers ample opportunity for the financial industry to resolve its issues and for the market to rebound.[

EXISTING PLAYERS IN REAL ESTATE INDUSTRYStructure: Real estate is a highly fragmented sector with only a few organized players. Most real estate developers have only a local or regional presence and there is moderate participation from large corporations till now. Followings are the existing players in the Indian real estate industry.(1) KOLTE PATIL DEV.(2) ORBIT CORPORATION(3) PENINSULA LAND(4) ACKRUTI CITY(5) HDIL(6) ANSAL PROPERTIES(7) PARSVNATH DEVELOPERS(8) ANANT RAJ INDUSTRY(9) OMAXE(10) DLF(11) UNITECH(12) PHOENIX MILLS(13) GMR INFRASTRUCTURE(14) IVRCL INFRAGROWTH CHART- PAST AND PROJECTION FOR FUTURE

Over the past several years, developers completed new buildings at an aggressive pace. 75 million square feet of office space scheduled for completion in 2008, an increase from 53 million square feet built in 2007. However, as economic growth slowed throughout late 2007 and into early 2008, demand for office space remained insufficient in most markets to absorb this new development. For example, the national office vacancy rate increased from 12.5% to 12.6%. Nevertheless, rents and occupancy rates continued to increase over the same time period in the highly competitive markets of New York City, Boston, Houston, and Denver.below are the overview and growth chart of Indian office market at the major cities of india

1)Gurgaon Office Market

Overview

Gurgaon is the fastest growing town in the country and the pace of development has been so rapid that it has been branded as the Millennium City of India. Gurgaon is an established IT/ITES destination and also houses a number of non-IT majors. The biggest car and motorcycle manufacturers in India, have their manufacturing plants in Gurgaon.

Preference for Gurgaon for setting up operation by IT majors has resulted in 17 notified IT/ITES SEZs in the region by real estate majors. Gurgaon leads office space supply in the NCR with a 45% market share. Gurgaon market has also seen a demand for pure commercial office spaces from all sectors. Approximately 30.2 mn sq ft of commercial office space (IT & Non-IT) is expected to come up by 2012 - 13 in Gurgaon. The majority of the total proposed supply in Gurgaon is expected to be operational by 2011 - 12. Bulk of the supply will be made available in the numerous SEZ projects coming up.

Rental and Capital Values

The IT/ITES space rentals vary as per the location of the projects within Gurgaon and are in the range of Rs.40 to Rs.60 per sq ft per month. The rental is negotiable depending upon the space requirement of the clients (warm shell, bare shell), location of the project, brand of the building and other factors. The monthly CAM (common area maintenance) charges are between Rs.15 to Rs.18 per sq ft per month.

2)Noida Office Market Overview

Overview

The city is the outsourcing hub for IT/ITES industry and is home to automobile ancillary units andmanufacturing companies. Development of Taj corridor and development of huge SEZ and IT parks has attracted huge foreign direct investments in the city. NOIDA is emerging as a low-cost alternative to Delhi and Gurgaon, to become the next big office destination. With cheaper land costs and the development of numerous high-profile projects, the city is emerging as a viable alternative to Gurgaon. NOIDA currently caters to IT/ITES companies that operate from an independent or BTS (built-to-suit) development. Unlike the Gurgaon commercial property market, where benchmark rates have been established by developers, lease rentals of property in NOIDA vary extensively.

Demand for Grade A commercial space by IT/ITES companies has seen a constant growth. In the past year, more multi tenanted developments have been announced and IT/ITES firms have shown a positive response towards these developments.Approximately 2.8 mn sq ft of IT/ITES office supply is expected to come up in Noida by the end of 2009 - 10. Further, it is expected that by the end of 2011 - 12, Noida would witness a huge supply due to delay in the current announced projects.

Rental and Capital Values

The commercial space rentals vary as per the location of the projects within NOIDA. In Sector-62, rentals vary in the range of Rs.30 to Rs.35 per sq ft per month for IT spaces which are furthernegotiable. The rentals for the commercial spaces are between Rs.60 and Rs.80 per sq ft permonth (not inclusive of CAM charges) while in Sector-125 and Sector-127, the IT space rentals vary between Rs.35 and Rs.40 per sq ft per month (not inclusive of CAM charges). The monthly CAM (common area maintenance) charges are between Rs.12 and Rs.15 per sq ft per month.

There has been a dip in the growth of the IT/ITES sector as a whole. Thus, the office space values have seen a correction (of approximately 16 - 18%) in the rental as well as capital values.

3) Greater Noida Office Market Overview

The Greater Noida office market is still at a nascent stage. Commercial space usage is dominated by industries and so far, office market in the city is confined to knowledge parks and campusdevelopment on individual land parcels. Very few office structures exist in the city itself. There is a large quantum of IT space under construction on the Taj Expressway as well as along the Greater Noida Expressway. The Tech Zone in Greater Noida (approx 300 acres) has a large number of IT giants setting up shops. Approximately 2.55 mn sq ft of IT/ITES office space by the end of 2009 - 10 in Greater Noida.

4) Kolkata Office Market Overview

overview

The Kolkata office market continues to be dominated by the IT/ITES sector which accounts for almost 60% of the total real estate development in the city. Suburban locations of New Town Rajarhat and Salt Lake Sector V are expected to meet the demand emanating from the IT/ITES sector. Large space requirements of technology and IT sector has pushed the real estate growth towards the suburban and peripheral areas of the city. Approximately 7,000 hectares of land in possession of West Bengal Housing Infrastructure Development Corporation in Rajarhat has been earmarked for residential/commercial and industrial space. Out of this approximately 200 acres of land has been earmarked for IT/ITES units. New Town (Rajarhat), in the east of Kolkata, is being promoted as an IT hub. The government has allotted approximately 27.78 mn sq ft of land area for the development of IT/ITES in New Town, Rajarhat. Kolkata market would witness a huge office space supply (IT & Non IT) by 2010 - 11. Approximately 13.25 mn sq ft of office space in Kolkata is expected to be operational by the end of 2010 - 11. Out ofthis, 4.03 mn sq ft became operational in 2008-09. Approximately, 4.89 mn sq ft of IT/ITES office space is expected to come up in Kolkata in 2010 - 11.

Rental and Capital ValuesThe base rentals in the Central Business District (CBD) areas of Park Street, Camac Street are in the range of Rs.85 - 90 per sq ft per month. However, rental values in the CBD location of Dalhousie Square area are in the range of Rs.50 - 60 per sq ft per month. The prevailing rate in Salt Lake, a preferred destination for the IT/ITES sector, ranges between Rs.40 - 45 per sq ft per month. Rajarhat, being a peripheral location for the IT/ITES sector has average rental rates ranging between Rs.30 35 per sq ft per month. The recent slowdown in the IT sector exerted a downward pressure on rentals in the region of approximately 14 - 15%. With 18% correction, the CBD area witnessed the maximum decrease in rental values in the first quarter. While prices remained stable in Q2 2008, a major correction was witnessed during Q3 and Q4 across these micro markets. An overall 25% - 30% correction in rentals has been witnessed since Q1 2008 - 09.

Below mentioned is the state wise breakup of notified SEZs after coming into force of the SEZ Act, as on 18th December 2008

A total of 14 SEZs in IT/ITeS sector have been granted notification by the CentralGovernment after July 2007. Three Unitech properties for IT sector have been granted SEZnotification; two are in Gurgaon while two in NOIDA, one each in greater Noida, Kolkata,and Hyderabad .The total number of notified SEZs pan-India has increased to 274 units tillDecember 18, 2008, post the SEZ Act in 2005. Sector-wise distribution of the SEZs is reflected in the chart below:

Key Growth Drivers The propellants for the commercial real estate sector are Growth of IT/ITES sector creating demand for commercial parks Strong demographic impetus: India has the second largest population in the world and the growth rate of population is still rapid. Rising FDI levels has increased commercial space requirements by foreign firms. Expansion of organized retail sector. Easy availability of finance.

SWOT ANALYSIS OF COMMERCIAL REAL ESTATE INDUSTRY Study of the factors which may have an impact on business or industry either in a positive or in a negative way.STRENGTH employment and training opportunities in the field of construction.

Private sector housing boom and commercial building demands.

Construction of the multi building projects on the feasible locations in the country. Good structured national network facilitates the boom of construction industry.

Low cost well- educated and skilled labour force is now widely available across the country.

Sufficient availability of raw material and natural resources in the country is supportive for the industry.

WEAKNESSES Distance between construction projects reduces business efficiency.

Training itself has become a challenge.

Changing skills requirements and an ageing workforce may accentuate the skills gap.

Improve in long-term career prospects is highly required to encourage staff retention and new entrants.

External allocation of large contracts becomes difficult.

Lack of clearly define processes and procedures for construction and its management.

Huge amount of money need to be invested in this industry and towards construction.

OPPORTUNITIES

continuous growth in IT/ITES sector or or IT Parks for foreign direct investment will create more construction opportunities.

Developing supply chain through involvement in large projects is likely to enhance the chances in construction.

Public sector projects through Public Private Partnerships will bring further opportunities.

Renewable energy projects will offer opportunities to develop skills and capacity in new markets.

Financial supports like loan and insurance and growth in income of people is in support of construction industry.

Remote areas in the country are easily accessible and plenty of land is available in the country.

THREATS Long term market instability and uncertainty may damage the opportunities and prevent the expansion of training and development facilities.

Current economic situation may have an adverse impact on construction industry.

Political and security conditions in the region and Late legislative enforcement measures are always threats to any industry in India.

Infrastructure safety is a challenging task in construction industry.

Lack of political willingness and support on promoting new strategies

Natural abnormal casualties such as earth quake and floods are uncertain and can prevent the construction boom. Inefficient accessibility in planning and concerning the infrastructure and signs.

Competitors are emerging in the industry by leaps and bounds.

COMPANY PROFILE UNITECH CORPORATE PARKS PLC COMPANY REVIEW OF LITERATUREUnitech Corporate Parks PLC- SPONSERED BY UNITECH

UNITECH GROUPUnitech Limited, India's leading Real Estate and Infrastructure Company wasestablished in February 1971 as United Technical Consultants Pvt. Ltd and was thanconverted into a public limited company in October 1971.Unitech is one of the leading real estate developer in India. Unitech's real estate portfolio encompasses the development of integrated townships, residential complexes, commercial office space, IT Parks and SEZ developments, retail developments, hotels and amusement parks. From its beginnings as a real estate developer focusing on the NCR, the Unitech Group has expanded its operations to other major cities in India including Kolkata, Hyderabad, Bangalore, Kochi, Chennai, Lucknow, Varanasi, Chandigarh and Agra.India's leading Real Estate DeveloperEstablished in 1971, Unitech today is India's leading real estate company with projects across the country. Unitech is known for the quality of its products and is the first real estate developer to have been certified ISO 9001:2000 certificate in North India. The Unitech brand is well recognised in India and was once again conferred with the title of Superbrand by Superbrand India in 2010. Unitech has the most diversified product mix comprising Residential, Commercial/Information Technology (IT) Parks, Retail, Hotel, Amusement Parks and Special Economic Zones (SEZ).The Company is also the recipient of the CW Architect and Builders Award, 2008 for being one of India's Top Ten Builders. Unitech has long partnered with Internationally acclaimed architects and design consultants including SOM(USA), BDP(UK), Maunsell AECOM(HK), MEA Systra(France), Callison Inc.(USA), FORREC(Canada), SWA and HOK(USA) for various projects.Unitech's clientele for commercial projects includes global leaders such as Fidelity, McKinsey, Bank of America, Ford Motors, Nike, EDS, Hewitt, Amdocs, Ernst & Young, Reebok, Keane, Seagrams, Perfetti, Exxon Mobile and AT Kearney.Unitech Ltd. and Norway Based Telenor Group (6th Largest Mobile Communication Provider in the world) came together to build UNINOR - a telecommunication service company and is providing GSM services in 22 circles across India.Key Investment Rationale

Pan-India residential real-estate developer focused on affordable housing Unitech is one of Indias largest pan-India residential developers. The company concentrated on higher margin, non-residential segment and monetized some of its IT parks/ SEZs when the economic was its peak. With the downturn in the markets the company shifted its focus on the residential projects mainly in the affordable and mid housing segments.

Unitechs consolidated revenue increased 46.2% q-o-q to Rs. 1,132.5 crore, ahead of our expectations for Q4FY10. The company sold a total of 3.46 mn sq ft in Q4FY10, of which 2.78 mn sq ft (~80%) was in the residential segment. The total revenue for FY10 stood at Rs. 2,913.3 crore against Rs. 2,889.7 crore in FY09, a marginal increase of 1.44% y-o-y. EBIDTA stood at Rs. 272.5 crore in Q4FY10, up 116.5% y-o-y and 46.8% q-o-q. In Q4FY10, operating margin declined to 24.1% from 32.7% in Q4FY09, mainly on account of higher construction cost. Further, profitability was also impacted by change the product mix increased focus towardsthe affordable housing segment.

Restructuring plans

Unitech is demerging its infrastructure business and list it separately as Unitech Corporate Park (UCP). UCP will include general construction, SEZs/ IT parks, industrial parks, township management etc. Unitech will be the largest shareholder with 35% stake in UCP, 33.3% will be offered to investors and balance 31.7% will be with the promoters. The existing Unitech shareholders will receive one share of UCP for every share held by them. We believe the restructuring exercise would be positive on account of 1) It would allow shareholders to choose between real estate and infrastructure businesses; 2) It would unlock value of the non-core businesses; 3) Infrastructure business could avail of financing on favorable terms (as compared to real estate projects).

Unitech Corporate Parks PLC

Company InformationUnitech LimitedCorporate Office Registered OfficeUnitech House L Block, Unitech LimitedSouth City - 1, Gurgaon - 122001 6 Community Centre, Saket, Tel: +91.124.4125200, 4125328 New Delhi - 17, India Tel: +91.11.41664040 Fax: +91.11.2685.7338

Marketing OfficeUnitech Signature Towers, GF South City-I, NH-8, Gurgaon - 122001, Haryana, India Sales queries: +91.124.455.2000 Fax: +91.124.408.3355 Email: marketing@unitechgroup.comManagementThe management of UCP vests in its Board of Directors, which is responsible for the overall management of the Company and the group as well as the formulation and implementation of the Company's investment strategy. Directors (all non-executive; * independent)Atul Kapur *- ChairmanAubrey John Adams *Ajay ChandraMohammad Yousuf Khan *Donald Lake *VisionTo be Indias leading Real Estate company with a Pan-India Footprint, and be the company of first choice amongst our customers to address their needs across all realty verticals.MissionTo satisfy every customers need for a better experience through quality construction and employee contentment. Unitech has a well-managed architectural and engineering team that has closely partnered and worked with internationally acclaimed architects and many others, to achieve both aesthetic and efficient designs. We are a customer oriented company and we believe in putting in our best foot forward in our journey to the pinnacle.

OVERVIEWUnitech Corporate Parks Plc ("UCP") was incorporated in the Isle of Man on 6th September 2006, with the initial business strategy of making investment(s), in Indian commercial real estate, that is being developed specifically for the high growth IT (Information Technology) and ITES (Information Technology Enabled Services) sectors and Scope expanded to include retail andhospitality sectors in India

UCP raised an amount of approximately GB 360 Million by issuing and placing its Ordinary Shares at AIM of London Stock Exchange Plc., on 20th December 2006 was invested to acquire majority stakes in six seed portfolio assets Portfolio currently comprises of over 21 million sq ft of potential leasable area across six projects in strategic locations Unitech to co-invest in all projects along with UCP, with UCP acquiring control. It targets developments which could generate a project level IRR of at least 25%

StrategyUCP's business strategy is to make investment(s) in commercial real estate in India which is being developed specifically for the high growth IT (Information Technology) and ITES (Information Technology Enabled Services) sectors. UCP was formed to invest in Indian commercial real estate, targeting the requirements of the high growth Indian IT and IT Enabled Services (IT/ITES) sectors. The Company is focused on investment in Special Economic Zones (SEZs) dedicated to the IT/ITES industries or IT Parks which are suitable for foreign direct investment. These SEZs cater primarily to outsourced IT/ITES needs of large global companies. Given the challenging economic environment most of these companies face, the outsourcing of IT/ITES has slowed down considerably. Indian software services companies as well as the IT divisions of global companies, who are UCPs prime tenants, have significantly scaled back expansion/outsourcing plans. This has adversely impacted demand for commercial real estate that UCP is building. Whilst the rate of decline in GDP in the developed economies is showing signs of levelling off, target clients of the Company have yet to translate this into recommencement of their outsourcing plans. A protectionist environment in most developed nations of the world, that has taken hold over the last year or so given the levels of unemployment in these countries, also is not conducive for a return to growth for the IT/ITES industry.We feel that as the developed economies emerge from the current recessionary environment, the attractiveness of outsourcing IT/ITES in India will become apparent again. The issue is one of timing rather than a fundamental change in the prospects of such services. Even under these conditions, I am pleased to say that we have made positive progress on the continued development of our assets, particularly at InfoSpace, Dundahera, Gurgaon (G2-IST) and InfoSpace, Kolkata (K1) which has had new lettings signed during the period. Additionally, thelocal knowledge and experience of Nectrus Limited, UCPs investment manager, and Unitech, our project manager, combined with the international expertise and capabilities of our external consultants, has created an unrivalled team to plan, design, and undertake the development of the portfolio and future pipeline assets. We have also advanced our marketing initiatives and benchmarking studies to strengthen client relationships through customer relationship management. On top of this, sophisticated analysis and value engineering of the construction process is yielding savings in construction costs. We feel confident that once the economic cycle turns and demand for IT/ITES recovers, our portfolio of assets is ideally positioned to benefit from such a recovery.

OutlookOver the short term, given the macro economic conditions in the developed economies of the world, the demand for IT/ITES commercial real estate in SEZs in India is likely to remain soft. In addition, the Government of India in its Union Budget 2009 - 10 has extended the sunset period for the IT Parks Scheme by another year, until the financial year 2012. This is also likely to have an adverse impact on the movement of tenants from such IT Parks to SEZs. However, we feel that the benefits of outsourcing IT/ITES to India are proven and continue to be very attractive. Over the medium term as the economic cycle in the developed economies turns and the demand for IT/ITES recovers, our portfolio is ideally positioned to benefit from such a recovery. Meanwhile through a variety of measures that include a) pacing of the capital expenditure to operationalize cold shells to match real demand, b) extracting savings in construction costs through design optimization and c) strengthening client relationships we feel confident in delivering superior products to our clients and economic returns to our shareholders

HISTORICAL ANALYSIS

Key MilestonesThe key milestones achieved by the company since incorporation are given in the table below: TimelineMilestone / Event

2008- Forays into Telecom- Expanded into the Mumbai market

2007- Commenced operations in UAE (Dubai)- Awarded title of Superbrand by Superbrand India

2006- Won biggest land deal in India, 343 acres of prime land in Noida- Awarded Chandigarh Amusement Park project

2005- Entered Kolkata- Awarded the title of Business Superbrand

2004- Expanded into Greater Noida, U.P

2003- Launched the first mega residential project, Uniworld City in Gurgaon- Entered Noida, U.P

1998- Awarded the ISO 9002 certification

1996- Constructed the Radisson Hotel, Delhi

1992- Consolidated in Gurgaon with South City-I

1988- Entered Bangalore

1987- Entered Lucknow and Mumbai

1986- Ventured into real estate and started shaping Gurgaon, Haryana

1978- First international project in Iraq and Libya

1975- Diversified into construction

1972- Started out as a company dealing in soil mechanics

BusinessAreasIn a short span of time, Unitech has carved a special niche for itself in the real state sector of the country. Apart from its residential and commercial housing projects, Unitech is also involved in the construction of flyovers, highways, city roads, power houses, refineries, transmission lines, airports, educational institutions, hotels, hospitals etc. It is also the leader in the domain of building amusement parks in and around Delhi. In merely 30 years of its existence, Unitech has diversified in various sector successfully.

MajorProjectsUnitech has a list of successful projects in cities like Mumbai, Delhi, Kolkata, Chennai, Hyderabad, Bangalore, Kochi, Noida, Greater Noida, Agra, Lucknow, Varanasi,Gurgaon, and Ghaziabad. Some of its well known residential projects are the Heritage Estate Yelahanka, Deja View, Deja View Park residential, Terrace Garden, Parkway, and Windsor Court in Bangalore, West End Vihar in Mumbai, Uniworld City and the Gateway are the projects in Kolkata, the Legacy, Heritage, South City residential projects in Lucknow. Apart from the residential projects, Unitech has also proved its mettle in commercial projects.

GROWTH CHART- PAST AND PROJECTIONS FOR FUTURE

Projects of UCPUCP intends to co-invest along with Unitech Limited and its affiliates ("Unitech Group"), which is one of India's leading developer. The Unitech Group will provide investment advisory services to UCP and also render project management services to the Seed Portfolio projects. As a result of these arrangements, UCP will have access to the considerable experience of the Unitech Group. Tracking its history back to 1971, Unitech Group's has over 30 years' experience in the construction and real estate development business in India. Unitech Limited is listed on the Bombay Stock Exchange Limited and the National Stock Exchange Limited in India. The Unitech Group's real estate portfolio encompasses the development of integrated townships, residential complexes, commercial office space, IT Parks and SEZ developments, retail developments, hotels and amusement parks. From its beginnings as a real estate developer focusing on the NCR, the Unitech Group has expanded its operations to other major cities in India including Kolkata, Hyderabad, Bangalore, Kochi, Chennai, Lucknow, Varanasi, Chandigarh and Agra.Following admission, UCP has invested the proceeds in the following seed portfolio projects, comprising of six IT or ITES related projects, five of which are located in the National Capital Region ("NCR", being the area surrounding Delhi, India) and one of which is located in Kolkata, India. (a) Infospace, Gurgaon(G1-ITC); (b) Infospace, Dundahera, Gurgaon(G2-IST)(c) Infospace, Sector 62, Noida(N1) (d) Infospace, Sector 135, Noida(N2); (e) Infospace, Greater Noida(N3) ;(f) Infospace, Kolkata(K1) The NCR is one of the India's main IT and ITES hub and Kolkata is an emerging IT / business processing outsource ("BPO") centre with considerable growth potential. The NCR has historically been the focus of both Indian companies and the Indian operations of major foreign companies. The seed portfolio projects are expected to have a total leasable area of 21.5 million sq. ft. upon completion. The market value of the seed portfolio projects has been assessed by Jones Lang Laselle to be INR 41,373,000,000 (GBP 481.47 million) as at 8 November 2006. The investments in the Indian companies owning the seed portfolio projects ("Indian Project SPVs") have been made by UCP through two tier wholly owned subsidiaries in Mauritius ("Mauritian SPVs"). The Mauritian SPVs have acquired sixty percent majority stake in the Indian Project SPVs. These investments account for all of proceeds of the placing (net of expenses incurred in connection with the placing and reserves for certain ongoing business expenses). Unitech Group holds a minority stake in the seed portfolio projects. UCP also has the right to enter into similar co-investment along with Unitech Group in future, subject to certain conditions. Infospace, Gurgaon (G1-ITC) Infospace, Dundahera, Gurgaon (G2-IST)

Infospace, Sector 62, Noida (N1) Infospace, Sector 135, Noida (N2)

SWOT ANALYSIS

STRENGTH UCP plc has a very good market share of about 54% Brand Value Huge supplier base ensures a fixed raw material cost A well established and firm base in north IndiaWEEKNESS Little or no projects in the other parts of India No parallel products to support during times of bad economyOPPORTUNITIES Expansion of business in other parts of India It can invest more in Power generation projects like Hydroelectric or Wind power Investment in raw material Backward Vertical Integration THREATS A) THREATS OF NEW ENTRANTS Decrease in profitability due to increase in number of entrants. Real Estate Sector needs high working capital. This results in high entry barriers. Existing firm has an edge over the others due to more industrial experience.

B) THREATS OF ESTABLISHED RIVALS High competition in the sector. Established rivals are a threat to upcoming players. DLF ,Unitech and Ansals are the major players in this sector.

Reflections on what has been learned during the placement experience

Working Capital Management

WORKING CAPITALWorking capital is a financial metric which represents the amount of day-by-day operating liquidity available to a business. Also known as operating capital, it is calculated as current assets minus current liabilities. A company can be endowed with assets and profitability, but short of liquidity, if these assets cannot readily be converted into cash.Working capital refers to the investment in current assets such as investment in raw materials, stock of finished goods, etc. Working capital is used to meet the day-to-day requirements of a business. Current assets are required for effective and efficient use of fixed assets. For the investment in procurement of raw materials, funds are locked up in debtors, cash and banks, prepaid expenditure, etc. is recognized as working capital.ASPECTS OF WORKING CAPITAL1) Gross Working Capital = Total of Current Asset 2) Net Working Capital = Excess of Current Asset over Current Liability

WORKING CAPITAL POLICIESThere are three possible approaches:

AggressiveModerateConservative

Cash

Minimum holdingPrepared to hold some precautionary balancesPrepared to hold idle cash balances

Debtors and stockMinimum consistent with business needsModerate levelsHigh stock and debtors level to maximize sales

CreditorsMaximum availablewithout compromisingbusiness needs

Moderate level

Low level seekingdiscounts and reputationfor good payment

Future cash flowsPredictable

Reasonably predictable

Unpredictable

. Conservative policyModerate policyAggressive policySalesCost of AssetsWORKING CAPITAL POLICIES

WORKING CAPITAL MANAGEMENTDecisions relating to working capital and short term financing are referred to as working capital management. These involve managing the relationship between a firm's short-term assets and its short-term liabilities. The goal of Working capital management is to ensure that the firm is able to continue its operations and that it has sufficient cash flow to satisfy both maturing short-term debt and upcoming operational expenses.Decision criteriaBy definition, Working capital management entails short term decisions - generally, relating to the next one year period - which is "reversible". These decisions are therefore not taken on the same basis as Capital Investment Decisions (NPV or related, as above) rather they will be based on cash flows and / or profitability.(1) Cash conversion cycle, (2) Return on capital (ROC). (3) Return on equity (4) Economic value added (EVA).

(1) CASH CONVERSION CYCLE The cash conversion cycle is a measure of working capital efficiency, often giving valuable clues about the underlying health of a business. The cycle measures the average number of days that working capital is invested in the operating cycle. It starts by adding days inventory outstanding (DIO) to days sales outstanding (DSO). This is because a company "invests" its cash to acquire/build inventory, but does not collect cash until the inventory is sold and the accounts receivable are finally collected. Receivablesare essentially loans extended to customers that consume working capital; therefore, greater levels of DIO and DSO consume more working capital. However, days payable outstanding (DPO), which essentially represent loans from vendors to the company, are subtracted to help offset working capital needs. In summary, the cash conversion cycle is measured in days and equals DIO + DSO DPO:

Cash Conversion Cycle = Average Stockholding Period (in days) + Average Receivables Processing Period (in days) - Average Payables Processing Period (in days) with:(2) RETURN ON CAPITALIn economics, return on capital, also known as return on invested capital, is a non-GAAP financial measure that quantifies how well a company generates cash flow relative to the capital it has invested in its business. It is defined as Net operating profit less adjusted taxes divided by invested capital and is usually expressed as a percentage. In this calculation, capital invested includes all monetary capital invested: shareholders' equity plus financial debt.(3) RETURN ON EQUITYReturn on Equity (ROE, Return on average common equity, return on net worth) measures the rate of return on the ownership interest (shareholders' equity) of the common stock owners. ROE is viewed as one of the most important financial ratios. It measures a firm's efficiency at generating profits from every dollar of net assets, and shows how well a company uses investment dollars to generate earnings growth. ROE is equal to a fiscal year's net income (after preferred stock dividends but before common stock dividends) divided by total equity (excluding preferred shares), expressed as a percentage.

(4) ECONOMIC VALUE ADDED(EVA) is an estimate of true economic profit after making corrective adjustments to GAAP accounting, including deducting the opportunity cost of equity capital. EVA can be measured as Net Operating Profit After Taxes (or NOPAT) less the money cost of capital. Money cost of capital refers to the amount of money rather than the proportional rate (cost of capital). The amortization of goodwill or capitalization of brand advertising and other similar adjustments are the translations that occur to Economic Profit to make it EVA.Working Capital CycleCash flows in a cycle into, around and out of a business. It is the business's life blood and every manager's primary task is to help keep it flowing and to use the cash flow to generate profits. If a business is operating profitably, then it should, in theory, generate cash surpluses. If it doesn't generate surpluses, the business will eventually run out of cash and expire. The faster a business expands the more cash it will need for working capital and investment. The cheapest and best sources of cash exist as working capital right within business. There are two elements in the business cycle that absorb cash - Inventory (stocks and work-in-progress) and Receivables (debtors owing you money). The main sources of cash are Payables (your creditors) and Equity and Loans.

Each component of working capital (namely inventory, receivables and payables) has two dimensions ........TIME ......... and MONEY.WORKING CAPITAL FINANCINGThe need for financing arises in working capital because of investment in current assets and current liabilities. Working capital requirements/ current assets are financed by a combination of long term and short-term sources. The important tradition of short-term sources of current assets financing are trade credit and bank credits. The two newly emerged sources of working capital are factoring and commercial papers.

Working capital Financing at UNITECH CORPORATE PARKS PLC.For financing temporary requirement of working capital, the organization goes for many sources, Such as:Trade Credit- When the company buys the raw material from the suppliers on credit basis, it gets the raw material for utilization immediately with the facility to make the payment at a delayed time. By accepting the delayed payment, the suppliers of raw material finance the requirement of working capital.Trade credit refers to the credit that a customer gets from suppliers of goods and services in the normal course of business/ sale / transaction of the firm. In practice, cash is not paid immediately for purchases but after an agreed period of time. Thus the deferral of payment is a major source of finance for credit purchases.The features of trade credit are as follows as:1. It is an informal arrangement between the buyer and seller.2.There are no legal instruments / acknowledgement of debt which are granted on an open basis. Such a credit appears in the records of the buyer of goods as sundry creditors / accounts payable. Trade credit may also in the form of bills payable. When the buyer signs a bill a negotiable instrument to obtain a credit, it appears on the buyers balance sheet as bills payable. The bill has a specified feature date, and is, usually used when the supplier is less sure about the buyers willingness and ability to pay, or when the supplier wants to pay, or when the supplier wants the cash by discounting the bill from a bank. A bill is a formal acknowledgement of an obligation to repay the outstanding amount.The advantages of trade credit are as follows: -i) Easy AvailabilityIt is very easy to obtain and also almost automatic and doesnt require negotiations. The easy availability is particularly important to small firms, which generally face difficulty in raising funds from the capital market.ii)FlexibilityFlexibility is another advantage of trade credit. Trade credit grows with the growth in firms sales. The expansion in the firms sales causes its purchases of goods and services to increase, which is automatically financed by trade credit.iii) Informality:Trade credit is an informal, negotiations and formal agreement. It doesnt have the restrictions, which are usually parts of negotiated source of finance.

Bank Guarantees- Bank guarantees are the most commonly used source of financing working capital Letter of Credit- It is regularly used in the company to pay the exporter or accept the bills or drafts drawn by the exporter on the exporter fulfilling the terms and conditions specified in the letter of credit. In addition to above, company also uses cash credit, bills purchase/discounted, working capital term loans and packing credit facilities of the bank. It is an indirect form of working capital financing and banks assume only the risk, credit being provided by the supplier himself. The purchaser of goods on credit obtains a letter of credit from a bank. The bank takes the responsibilities to make the payment to the credit in case the buyer fails to meet his obligations.

CASH MANAGEMENT

INTRODUCTION Cash management identifies the cash balance which allows the business to meet day to day expenses, but reduces cash holding costs. Top of FormBottom of FormCash management is one of the key areas of working capital management. Apart from the fact that it is the most liquid current asset, cash is the common denominator to which all current assets can be reduced because the other major liquid assets, that is; receivables and inventory get eventually converted into cash. This underlines the significance of cash management. OBJECTIVES OF CASH MANAGEMENT The basic objectives of cash management are two-fold: (a) To meet the cash disbursement needs (payment schedule); and(b) To maintain minimum cash reserveThese are conflicting and mutually contradictory and the task of cash management is to reconcile them.

CASH MANAGEMENT TECHNIQUESThe following is a list of services generally offered by banks and utilised by larger businesses and corporations:1) Account Reconcilement Services: Balancing a checkbook can be a difficult process for a very large business, since it issues so many checks that it can take a lot of human monitoring to understand which checks have not cleared and therefore what the company's true balance is. To get around this, banks have developed a system which allows companies to upload a list of all the checks that they issue on a daily basis, so that at the end of the month the bank statement will show not only which checks have cleared, but also which have not2) Advanced Web Services: Most banks have an Internet-based system which is more advanced than the one available to consumers. This enables managers to create and authorize special internal logon credentials, allowing employees to send wires and access other cash management features normally not found on the consumer web site. 3) Automated Clearing House: services are usually offered by the cash management division of a bank. The Automated Clearing House is an electronic system used to transfer funds between banks. Companies use this to pay others, especially employees (this is how direct deposit works). Certain companies also use it to collect funds from customers (this is generally how automatic payment plans work). 4) Balance Reporting Services: Corporate clients who actively manage their cash balances usually subscribe to secure web-based reporting of their account and transaction information at their lead bank. These sophisticated compilations of banking activity may include balances in foreign currencies, as well as those at other banks. They include information on cash postitions as well as 'float' (e.g., checks in the process of collection). Finally, they offer transaction-specific details on all forms of payment activity, including deposits, checks, wire transfers, ACH (automated clearinghouse debits and credits), investments, etc. 5) Cash Concentration Services: Large or national chain retailers often are in areas where their primary bank does not have branches. Therefore, they open bank accounts at various local banks in the area. To prevent funds in these accounts from being idle and not earning sufficient interest, many of these companies have an agreement set with their primary bank, whereby their primary bank uses the Automated Clearing House to electronically "pull" the money from these banks into a single interest-bearing bank account. 6) Lockbox services: Often companies (such as utilities) which receive a large number of payments via checks in the mail have the bank set up a post office box for them, open their mail, and deposit any checks found. This is referred to as a "lockbox" service. 7) Positive Pay: Positive pay is a service whereby the company electronically shares its check register of all written checks with the bank. The bank therefore will only pay checks listed in that register, with exactly the same specifications as listed in the register (amount, payee, serial number, etc.). This system dramatically reduces check fraud. Cash Management at Unitech Corporate Parks PLCUnitech Corporate Parks PLC works on four principles to manage its cash transactionsA. Accelerate Cash Collections:1) As far as possible it insists upon the payment from the customer in the safe modes like demand drafts, letter of credit, preaccepted hundies/ bills of exchange etc.2) Allowing the cash discounts is the best way that it uses to induce the customer to make prompt payments.3) Concentration banking system of cash management is also used by the company.B. Delay Cash PaymentsAttempts are made by the company to get the maximum credit for the goods or service supplied to it. It avoids early payments in order to get cash discounts.C. Maintenance of optimum cash balanceCompany does it with the help of cash budget. By preparing the cash budget in a proper way, the company can have an idea in advance of the timing and quantum of excess availability of cash or shortage of cash.D. Investment of Excess Cash BalanceCompany, in order to avoid keeping the excess cash balances, thinks about the possibility of investing the excess cash balance on short term basis. Company, in order to avoid keeping the excess cash balances, thinks about the possibility of investing the excess cash balance on short term basis.

INVENTORY MANAGEMENTInventory management identifies the level of inventory which allows for uninterrupted production but reduces the investment in raw materials - and minimizes reordering costs - and hence increases cash flow;Purchase, production and sale departments are mainly concerned with the management of inventories. Their officials always try to have large stocks of inventories to facilitate production and marketing of the product .It requires large amount of investment in inventories, and shall increase the cost of the product by the amount of interest payable on such investment .It is, therefore, the prime responsibility of the financial executives to have a proper management and control over the investment in inventories so that it should not be unprofitable for the business .For this purpose, financial management should take care of the maximum and minimum limits of stock of inventories in the business to have a continuity in production process .ASPECTS OF INVENTORY MANAGEMENT(i)Size of inventory Maximum and minimum level,(ii)Establishing timing schedules, procedures, and lot of sizes for new orders, (iii)Ascertaining minimum safety levels (iv) Coordinating sales, production and inventory policies;(v)Providing proper storage facilities(vi)Arranging the receipts, disbursements and procurement of materials and developing the forms of recording these transactions;(vii)Assigning responsibilities for carrying out inventory control functions; and(viii)Providing the report necessary for supervising the over all activity.OBJECTIVES OF INVENTORY MANAGEMENTInventory management has become unavoidable in the present day manufacturing process. The basic managerial objectives of inventory control are two fold: - First to avoid over investment and under investment in inventories and the Second to provide the right quantity of goods of right quality at proper time and at proper value. The objectives of inventory management may be discussed under two heads (A) Operating Objectives1. Availability of Materials. 2. Minimizing the Wastage.3. Promotion of Manufacturing Efficiency. 4. Better Service to Customers. 5. Optimal Level of Inventories.(B) Financial Objectives1. Economy in Purchasing. 2. Optimum Investment and Efficient Use of Capital.3. Reasonable Price.4. Minimizing Costs.

TECHNIQUES OF INVENTORY MANAGEMENT(i) Supply chain management;(ii) Just in Time (JIT)(iii) Economic order quantity (EOQ)(iv) Economic production quantity (EPQ). (i) SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT (SCM)Supply chain management is the process of planning, implementing, and controlling the operations of the supply chain with the purpose to satisfy customer requirements as efficiently as possible. Supply chain management spans all movement and storage of raw materials, work-in-process inventory, and finished goods from point-of-origin to point-of-consumption.The management of the inventory in the supply chain involves managing the physical quantities as well as the costing of the goods as it flows through the supply chain.In managing the Cost Prices of the goods through out the supply chain, several costing methods are employed...1. Weighted Average Price method 2. FIFO (First In First Out) method 3. LIFO (Last In First Out) method 4. LPP (Last Purchase Price) method (ii) JUST IN TIME (JIT)Just-in-time inventory system is designed to ensure that materials or supplies arrive at a facility just when they are needed so that storage and holding costs are minimized. The just-in-time system requires considerable cooperation between the supplier and the customer. The customer must specify what will be needed, when, and in what amounts. The supplier must be sure that the right supplies arrive at the agreed-on time and location.

(iii) ECONOMIC ORDER QUANTITY (EQM)Economic order quantity (also known as the Wilson EOQ Model or simply the EOQ Model) is a model that defines the optimal quantity to order that minimizes total variable costs required to order and hold inventory. (iv) ECONOMIC PRODUCTION QUANTITYEconomic Production Quantity model (also known as the EPQ model) is an extension of the Economic Order Quantity model. The difference being that the EPQ model assumes orders are received incrementally during the production process. The function of this model is to balance the inventory holding cost and the average fixed ordering cost.(v) FIXATION OF INVENTORY LEVELSIt facilitates initiating of proper action in respect of the various materials in time so that the various materials may be controlled in a proper way. The various levels which can be fixed are as follows:1) Maximum Level2) Minimum Level3) Re-order Level 4) Danger Level

(vi) BILL OF MATERIALSA bill of material is the list of all the materials required for a job, process or production order. It gives the details of the necessary materials as well as the quantity of each item. As soon as the order for the job is received, bill of materials is prepared by Production Department or Production Planning Department.BILL OF MATERIAL

No.Date of IssueProduction/ Job Order No.

Department Authorised

S. No.Description of Materialcode no.qty.for department use only

MRN No.DateQuantityremarks

Demanded

INVENTORY MANAGEMENT AT Unitech Corporate Parks PLCInventory is procured as required and demanded by various departments. No inventory control technique is followed in inventory management system. In case of Unitech Corporate Parks PLC, for managing the Cost Prices of the finished goods through out the supply chain, FIFO method is employed i.e. the inventory that comes first will be sold first. FIFO rate is calculated for the raw materials.In case of Raw Materials, reorder Level is calculated i.e. it is the level falling in betwee the two existences of maximum level and minimum level and is fixed in such a way that the requirements of production are met properly till the new lot of material is received.Also bill of material is also prepared by the production deparment whenever a new order is received. With the help of this, indication can be given about the materials to be purchased by the purchase department if the same is not available with the stores. It serves as a base for the production department for placing the material requisition slips.

DEBTOR/ RECEIVABLE MANAGEMENT

Selling goods on credit is the most prominent force of the modern business. The firm adopts this method of selling goods to protect it from the competitors and to attract the customers to buy its products at favorable terms. When firm sells gods or services on deferred payment basis, it is said that the firm has granted trade credit to customers. Trade credit, in other words, is known as receivables or book debt. TECHNIQUES OF RECEIVABLES MANAGEMENTFollowing techniques need to be studied in detail1) Credit policy2) Discounts and allowances.

1) CREDIT POLICY:The purpose of a credit policy is to ensure that everyone within a company understands the working procedure of credit sales, and, of course, to exhibit financial control over a contentious subject. The following policy has not been written with any business/industry/country in particular, as such, it can only be used as information and not a strict guide: albeit useful information. Developing Credit PolicyIn order to write a policy, there are at least six questions that a company must answer: What is the mission? What are the goals? Who has specific credit responsibilities? How is credit evaluated? How is collection handled? What are our terms of sale?2) DISCOUNTS & ALLOWANCESDiscounts and allowances are reductions to a basic price. They could modify either the manufacturer's list price (determined by the manufacturer and often printed on the package), the retail price (set by the retailer and often attached to the product with a sticker), or the list price (which is quoted to a potential buyer, usually in written form). The most common types of discounts and allowances are:1. Cash discounts for prompt payment 2. Cash discounts for preferred payment method 3. Quantity discounts 4. Seasonal discounts 5. Forward dating 6. Promotional allowances Debtor Management at Unitech Corporate Parks PLC

1. Allowing credit period to the customersIt involves allowing credit period to the customers to pay their dues. The company frequently liberalizes its credit period to increase the demand.2. Discount policyDiscounts are usually allowed to speed up the collection process, and to induce the customers to pay the dues early.3. Financing the receivablesCompany finances its receivables frequently with the help of following sources:a) Bills discountingb) Cash credit against hypothecation of book debts as the security.

WORKING CAPITAL ANALYSISConcept of working capital has its own importance in a going concern in the smooth running of a business. It is useful both for the financial management and for the executives of an undertaking. Usually, the working capital balance of a going concern has a positive value but often the uses of working capital exceed the sources of working capital. In efficiently, managed companies, such deficits are soon offset by gain in the following periods. A study of the causes of changes in the uses and sources of working capital is necessary to observe whether working capital is serving the purpose for which it has been created or not. This involves the basic approach to working capital analysis.The analysis of working capital can be made either through Ratio Analysis Fund Flow Analysis Budgeting Analysis

Ratio AnalysisThe ratio analysis of working capital helps the management in checking upon the efficiency for which the working capital is being used in the business. The important ratios are:A. Debt- Equity Ratio- It is the ratio between the debt and equity. It explains what is the ratio of debt and equity in the companys capital.

DebtDebt Equity Ratio = -------------------------- EquityB. Current RatioIt is the ratio between the current asset and current liabilities. It measures the ability for the company to pay its short-term debts. Current Assets Current Ratio = --------------------------- Current LiabilitiesC. Acid Test RatioIt is the ratio between the quick asset and current liabilities. It promises strong financial position.Acid test ratio = Liquid Assets Current Liabilities D. Cash RatioIt is the ratio between current asset and cash. It promises availability of cash to meet day-to-day requirements. Higher ratio shows idleness of fund.

E. Ratio of Current Liabilities to Tangible AssetsThe ratio is the relation between the current liabilities to the total net worth of the company. This shows a comparison between funds contributed by the short-term creditors and those contributed by owners.

WORKING CAPITAL ANALYSIS AT Unitech Corporate Parks PLCCURRENT RATIO

YEAR

20052006200720082009

C.Ratio0.430.480.951.240.97

It measures the short term solvency of the firm, its ability to meet short term obligations which indicate the rupees of current assets available for each rupee of the current liability. It is a margin of safety for creditors. The current ratio of 2:1 has been considered satisfactory. The Industry does not maintain the ideal 2:1 ratio because it is a high investment sector and majorly works with loans and debts.QUICK RATIOQUICK ASSETS: includes all current assets other than stock and prepaid expenses.

YEAR2005

2006200720082009

Quick Ratio0.40.460.941.240.97

It is widely available test of measure of liquidity position of the firm. It is superior to the current ratio test .The Quick Ratio of 1:1 is considered to be satisfactory as a firm can easily meet all current claims. While calculating it, prepaid expenses and inventory are excluded from current assets.The Industry does not maintain the ideal 1:1 ratio because it is a high investment sector and majorly works with loans and debts.However during the peak period it reached near to the desired.

CASH RATIOYEAR2005

2006200720082009

Cash Ratio0.040.0320.030.030.01

The Industry does not maintain a high ratio because it is a high investment sector and majorly works with loans and debts.

PROFITABILITY RATIOSGross Profit RatioYEAR2005

2006200720082009

Gross profit Ratio14.8124.5759.0455.5260.66

It measures the percentage of each sales rupee remaining after the firm has paid for its goods.The sales declined from 2008 to 2009 , however the Gross profit increased due to the decrease in the raw materials and Manufacturing expenses.

Operating profit ratioYEAR2005

2006200720082009

Operating profit Ratio10.3719.8557.4853.4057.65

The operating Expenses does not change significantly hence it follows a same trend as Gross profit.

Return on investment ratioYEAR2005

2006200720082009

ROI Ratio17.2031.0184.7248.0825.87

Initially, the company had a low ROI, but later on the ROI kept on increasing and later on it felt to 25%, meaning that the return on investment is decreasing when compared to the previous years. So the investors might look out for an opportunity to invest in other stocks. During the Boom in the real estate market, Unitech gave a very high return on Investment, but with the slowdown hitting the Indian Economy, the ROI fell down tremendously.

Return on capital employedYEAR2005

2006200720082009

ROCE Ratio10.4211.7224.7013.8813.87

The Return on Capital Employed is fluctuating in nature.This is unfavorable for Companys image as it may result in decrease in the confidence among the investors about the companys performance, as investors invest in those companies which more often have a constant ROCE or whose ROCE keeps on increasing.The company should take measures to improve it's Return on Capital Employed, so that the investors and the shareholders regain the confidence in the company

Net profit to net worthYEAR2005

2006200720082009

Net profit to net worth Ratio0.170.310.850.480.26

This ratio is used to analyze the ability of the firm's management to realize an adequate return on the capital invested by the owners of the firm.Tendency is to look increasingly to this ratio as a final criterion of profitability.With the slowdown in the real estate market, the net profits of the company have fallen. The Net Worth of the company has risen tremendously but the profits of the company have not increased in lines with the Net worth and hence the ratio has fallen.

Earning per shareYEAR2005

2006200720082009

Eps Ratio24561265

EPS shows the portion of company's profit allocated to each outstanding share of common stock. It is the Indicator of companys profitability and Stock split.

Dividend per shareYEAR2005

2006200720082009

ROCE Ratio410.50.250.1

DPS shows how much the shareholders were actually paid by way of dividends.Like EPS, there is a constant decrease in DPS over the years.

Dividend payout ratioYEAR2005

2006200720082009

dps Ratio16.7123.314.133.942.76

It measures the relationship between the earning belonging to the ordinary shareholders and the dividend paid to them.D/P Ratio is significant in the years 2005 & 2006, however, it does on decreasing in the subsequent years.

Retention ratioYEAR2005

2006200720082009

retention Ratio83.2976.6995.8796.0697.24

Retention Ratio indicates what percentage share of the net profits is retained in the business.The D/P Ratio is low in the years 2007, 2008 & 2009, the earnings retained by the company is high

Dividend yield ratioYEAR2005

2006200720082009

Dividend yield Ratio1.460.040.000.000.00

A financial ratio thatshows how much a company pays out in dividends each year relative to its share price. Dividend Yield Ratio has almost reached zero in the later years. TURNOVER RATIOSInventory turnover ratioYEAR2006200720082009

Inventory turnover Ratio16.0130.7647.6557.60

Stock turn over ratio / Inventory turn over ratio indicates the number of time the stock has been turned over during the period and evaluates the efficiency with which a firm is able to manage its inventory. The Inventory T/o Ratio has increased from 16 to 57 in the given period. This is largely due to decrease in the inventory level of the company

Debtors turnover ratioYEAR2005

2006200720082009

ROCE Ratio8.918.5325.033.362.23

Debtors turnover ratio or accounts receivable turnover ratio indicates the velocity of debt collection of a firm. The Debtors T/o Ratio has gone down considerably which is not good. A high Debtors T/o Ratio reflects the liquidity position of a company to meet its short term obligations.

Working capital turnover ratioYEAR2005

2006200720082009

Working capital turnover Ratio-0.64-0.52-10.571.48-8.31

Negativeworking capital means that a company currently is unable tomeetits short-term liabilities withits current assets In the real estate companies, products are delivered and sold to the customer before the company ever pays for them and hence these companies do not feel the need to maintain huge Current Assets. Only in the year, 2008 the company had a positive working capital as the company had generated huge current assets from selling it's products.Capital turnover ratioYEAR2005

2006200720082009

Capital turnover Ratio40.7852.2927.9310.215.44

Capital turnover is used to calculate the rate of return on common equity, and is a measure of how well a company uses its stockholders' equity to generate revenue. The higher the ratio is, the more efficiently a company is using its capital. As the ratio is falling in the years, the company is becoming less efficient. It might lead to the outflow of the investors funds from the company. SOLVENCY RATIO

Debt to equity ratioYEAR2005

2006200720082009

Debt to equity Ratio3.656.925.777.344.61

It Indicates the relative proportions of debt and equity in financing the assets of the firm, Largely financed by the creditors of the firm, Capital intensive in nature and New strategy adopted to tackle high debt.

Proprietary ratio (%)

YEAR2005

2006200720082009

Properity Ratio3525242127

It Indicates to what extent of the total assets is financed through the owners capital This ratio does not give a good picture .Highly dependent on external funding.

Capital Gearing Ratio (%)

YEAR2005

2006200720082009

Capital gearing Ratio53.7132.732.226.4137.24

\It shows the relationship between equity share capital including reserves and surpluses to preference share capital and other fixed interest bearing loans. Company is highly geared have Burden of interest and loan repayment and Might have problems getting loans in the future.

ConclusionIn the years ahead, the Commercial Real industry in India has to overcome various challenges with respect to housing, environment, transportation, power or natural hazards.Commercial Real Estate industry is growing at a faster rate in the India. The gains of large investments in the mega-projects eventually will feedback to the construction industry itself in the form of better economy and improved work conditions.The outstanding performance under demanding situations in the past will stand in good stead and give confidence to the Indian real industry to bring about an overall development in the infrastructure of the nation.we can conclude that the investment in UNITECH LTD Is beneficial because the company is profit making and growing at a faster rate. The Net Profit of the company is increasing and the Price Earning ratio is also higher

RECOMMENDATIONS & SUGGESSTIONS

Keeping in view of detailed analysis and study of data of Unitech Corporate Parks Lthe following suggestions shall be helpful in increasing the efficiency in Working Capital Management. Estimation of working capital requirement should be done on the basis of length of operating cycle of different products.W.C requirement = Avg. daily requirement of WC * Length of operating cycle In case of inventory management ABC analysis, VED technique should be emoployed. Further an inventory monitoring system should be introduced to avoid holding of excess inventory. The maximum and minimum level of each item should be indicated to avoid over stock or under stock situation. Internal performance report on inventory on atleast monthly basis should be prepared to study the material price variance, material usage variance and inventory level variance from the estimated figures. Management should develop a credit policy that is more practical so as to shorten the debt collection period. The techniques referred to in the project regarding receivables management should be adopted so that efficient and effective management of accounts receivables can be ensured. This will significantly improve the profitability and liquidity of the company. Purchase policy regarding raw material, consumables, tools etc. should be introduced i.e Just in Time technique, EOQ which helps in rectifying, in proper planning of inventory, availing of maximum trade or cash discount and availing maximum credit period from suppliers that will ultimately increase the efficiency of inventory management.

BIBLIOGRAPHYAnnual Report- unitech corporate parks plc.Newspaper Articles

BOOKSFinancial Management (I.M Pandey)Khan M.Y and Jain P.K, Financial ManagementWEBSITESwww.unitechcorporateparks.comwww.google.comwww.wikipedia.comwww.investopedia.comwww.moneycontrol.com www.bseindia.com

www.nseindia.com

ANNEXURE-1

ANNEXURE-2

ANNEXURE-3

CASE STUDY

DEMERGER OF UNITECH GROUP

COMPANY BACKGROUNDUnitech Limited, India's leading Real Estate and Infrastructure Company was established in February 1971 as United Technical Consultants Pvt. Ltd and was than converted into a public limited company in October 1971. Established in 1972, Unitech today is India's leading real estate company with projects across the country. Unitech is known for the quality of its products and is the first real estate developer to have been certified ISO 9001:2000 certificate in North India. The Unitech brand is well recognised in India and was once again conferred with the title of Superbrand by Superbrand India in 2010.Unitech has the most diversified product mix comprising Residential, Commercial/Information Technology (IT) Parks, Retail, Hotel, Amusement Parks and Special Economic Zones (SEZ). From its beginnings as a real estate developer focusing on the NCR, the Unitech Group has expanded its operations to other major cities in India including Kolkata, Hyderabad, Bangalore, Kochi, Chennai, Lucknow, Varanasi, Chandigarh and Agra. The Company is also the recipient of the CW Architect and Builders Award, 2008 for being one of India's Top Ten Builders.Unitech has long partnered with Internationally acclaimed architects and design consultants including SOM(USA), BDP(UK), Maunsell AECOM(HK), MEA Systra(France), Callison Inc.(USA), FORREC(Canada), SWA and HOK(USA) for various projects. Unitech's clientele for commercial projects includes global leaders such as Fidelity, McKinsey, Bank of America, Ford Motors, Nike, EDS, Hewitt, Amdocs, Ernst & Young, Reebok, Keane, Seagrams, Perfetti, Exxon Mobile and AT Kearney.Unitech Ltd. and Norway Based Telenor Group (6th Largest Mobile Communication Provider in the world) came together to build UNINOR - a telecommunication service company and is providing GSM services in 22 circles across India.

COMPANY BACKGROUND OF DEMERGER PROCESS

Unitech is demerging its infrastructure business and list it separately as Unitech Corporate Park (UCP). UCP will include general construction, SEZs/ IT parks, industrial parks, township management etc. Unitech will be the largest shareholder with 35% stake in UCP, 33.3% will be offered to investors and balance 31.7% will be with the promoters. The existing Unitech shareholders will receive one share of UCP for every share held by them. We believe the restructuring exercise would be positive on account of 1) It would allow shareholders to choose between real estate and infrastructure businesses; 2) It would unlock value of the non-core businesses; 3) Infrastructure business could avail of financing on favorable terms (as compared to real estate projects).

The review process started long before current market conditions were evident and we believe demerger will be delivering value for shareholders when the current market conditions are regarded as history. The Board has a strong track record on bold decisions.

DEMERGER AS A BUSINESS STRATEGY

Demergers are situations in which divisions or subsidiaries of parent companies are split off into their own independent corporations. The process for a demerger can vary slightly, depending on the reasons behind the implementation of the split. Generally, the parent company maintains some degree of financial interest in the newly formed corporation, although that interest may not be enough to maintain control of the functionality of the new corporate entity.A demerger can be seen as the opposite of a merger. With a merger, the object is to take two separate business entities and combine them to form a new corporation that is able to accomplish more than the two former entities could ever accomplish on their own. The demerger still has the same ultimate goal. However, the thought is that by splitting off a portion of the existing company into a new and separate corporate entity, the chances for success and profitability are greater than if the company remained one unit. It is not unusual for shareholders and key executives to maintain some involvement with both the parent and the newly formed company. For example, the two entities may have individuals who serve on the board of directors for both entities. It is also not unusual for the parent to retain some type of interest or investment in the new entity. If the stake held in the new company is considered to be a majority, then the new entity is more properly termed to be a subsidiary. However, if the investment in the new company is not a majority share, then the new business is properly referred to as a demerging entity or company. There are many reasons why a company may undergo a demerger process. In some cases, the action may be necessary in order to comply with laws and regulations in place in a location where the company wishes to establish a presence. At other times, a division may have reached a point where it would become more profitable if it were to become an entity that is separate from the parent. The demerger may come about because the parent is changing direction and the division may be spun off as a way to continue meeting the needs of current clients while allowing the parent to focus on new markets. In all cases, the general idea behind the demerger is that the action will prove to be profitable for all parties concerned.

Unitech

Maintain Buy

Unitechs board has approved a plan to hive off some businesses into a new entity called Unitech Infra to un-lock value. We see little value addition to our NAV until more progress is made. We maintain our Buy rating and target price of Rs105.

Unitech Infra the new entity

The new entity would own Unitechs divisions such as GCC, Towers, IT SEZs, amusement park and telecoms. The advisors have put the new entitys fair value at Rs49.8bn (approximately 4x actual book value), which after the split would be stated as book value and have debt of Rs3.5bn. We await clarity from the de-merger documents and financial re-statements.

Seeking to unlock value

The de-merger is to focus on infra and related verticals and unlock value in them. At present, the largest value (Rs34.8bn) arises from its telecoms stake and share in UCP. We await project progress/details in the construction and BOT businesses before adding value.

For Unitech

Although Unitech would control 35% of the new entity, we would assign a holding company discount (30%), which would add little (Rs3 a share) to current valuations.

Valuation

Our target is on par with the Mar 11 NAV of Rs105. At the current market price, the stock trades at 1.8x FY11e P/BV.

Unitech Infra the new entity

Why the split

Unitech split off five business verticals into a new company Unitech Infra. The proposed de-merger would be to focus on the infrastructure businesses, which had been lagging behind the property-dominant company, given financial and execution constraints. Management indicates that the new company would have a dedicated and experienced team. Most of the business vertical heads are already in place, with a new CEOand CFO to be appointed soon. The financial health of the new company will be much better, with only Rs3.5bn in debt and, with the infrastructure verticals would make credit availability easier.

Unitech Infra proposed structure

De-merger scheme

After the split, Unitech would hold 35% in Unitech infra and act as a sponsor for further activities. The board approved a swap ratio of 1:1; the remaining 65% of Unitech Infra would be divided equally among Unitechs shareholders. After the de-merger process (of approvals from the board, exchanges, shareholders, creditors and the judiciary), the shares of the new entity would be listed. This would take four to six months. Management has indicated listing in CY10.

Arriving at a fair value

According to provisional 9MFY10 figures provided, Unitech Infra had a net profit of Rs0.5bn on revenue of Rs3.2bn. Unitech Infra has debt of Rs3.5bn and a net worth of Rs49.8bn. The net worth has been arrived at using the fair-value method, book value being significantly less than the fair value. For most of the assets in Unitech Infra, value unlocking is only on the horizon. Most of the value, though, would be derived from investments in the telecomms venture and in Unitech Corporate Parks (UCP).

Seeking to unlock value

Infrastructure the oldest arm

Starting in infrastructure, Unitech graduated to a property company in the 1990s. The infrastructure vertical would, to start with, pull together general construction, BOT and the transmission tower businesses. At present, the company continues to contract for construction s abroad though it plans once again to expand its footprint locally. It has Letters of Intent (LOIs) for expected orders of Rs22bn from Unitech. For the BOT business, the company is looking for a technical partner to start focusing on projects of between Rs20bn and Rs40bn. Given its past execution, it technically qualifies for various categories of projects. Unitech initially planned to sell its transmission tower business (with a factory in Nagpur). It has an order book of Rs5.1bn (with Rs1.3bn being developed). The bus